JP5403533B2 - Synthetic resin pipe, manufacturing method and connecting method thereof - Google Patents
Synthetic resin pipe, manufacturing method and connecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5403533B2 JP5403533B2 JP2008212765A JP2008212765A JP5403533B2 JP 5403533 B2 JP5403533 B2 JP 5403533B2 JP 2008212765 A JP2008212765 A JP 2008212765A JP 2008212765 A JP2008212765 A JP 2008212765A JP 5403533 B2 JP5403533 B2 JP 5403533B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- layer
- synthetic resin
- peripheral surface
- reinforcing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 161
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 80
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
- B29C65/2053—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position
- B29C65/2061—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position by sliding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
- B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
- B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
- B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
- B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
- B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
- F16L11/082—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire two layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
- F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
本発明は、湯水やその他の流体又は気体の導管として用いられ、熱溶着で配管施工する剛性の合成樹脂パイプ、及びその製造方法、並びに合成樹脂パイプを用いた接続方法に関する。
詳しくは、複数の層を積層してパイプ本体が形成され、これら複数の層の間に補強材を螺旋状に巻回して補強層が形成される合成樹脂パイプ及びその製造方法並びに接続方法に関する。
The present invention relates to a rigid synthetic resin pipe that is used as a conduit for hot water or other fluid or gas, and is constructed by heat welding, a manufacturing method thereof, and a connection method using the synthetic resin pipe.
Specifically, the present invention relates to a synthetic resin pipe in which a pipe body is formed by laminating a plurality of layers and a reinforcing layer is formed by spirally winding a reinforcing material between the plurality of layers, and a manufacturing method and a connection method thereof.
従来、この種の合成樹脂パイプとして、ポリエチレン製の最内層及びメルトインデックスが最も高い最外層で構成される内層管と、この内層管の外周面に帯状の延伸ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートを夫々の傾斜角度が逆向きになるように螺旋状に巻回した2層構造の補強層と、この補強層上に積層されたポリエチレン製の外層を有し、延伸ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートが巻回された内層管の表面を赤外線炉で加熱して該樹脂シートを内層管に融着し、この際、シート隙間(シート端面間の隙間)に内層管の樹脂を充填し、その後、外層を押出し被覆することにより、内層管と補強層との間及び補強層と外層との間に管端面から水が浸入しないようにした複合高圧管がある(例えば、特許文献1参照)。 Conventionally, as this type of synthetic resin pipe, an inner layer pipe composed of an innermost layer made of polyethylene and an outermost layer having the highest melt index, and a strip-like stretched polyolefin resin sheet on the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer pipe are inclined at respective angles. Of the inner layer tube having a two-layered reinforcing layer wound spirally so as to be opposite to each other and an outer layer made of polyethylene laminated on the reinforcing layer and wound with a stretched polyolefin resin sheet The surface is heated in an infrared furnace to fuse the resin sheet to the inner layer pipe. At this time, the resin in the inner layer pipe is filled in the sheet gap (gap between the sheet end faces), and then the outer layer is extruded and coated. There is a composite high-pressure pipe that prevents water from entering from the end face of the pipe between the inner layer pipe and the reinforcing layer and between the reinforcing layer and the outer layer (for example, see Patent Document 1).
しかし乍ら、このような従来の合成樹脂パイプでは、内層と外層との間で2層の補強層同士が接触するものの内層と外層が直接接触する箇所がないため、内層と外層の接着強度が低く、パイプ内の急激な圧力変化に伴って2層の補強層の間から剥離するおそれがあるという問題があった。
さらに、2層の補強層同士が直接接触するため、パイプ全体に曲げなどの外力が作用する度に、これら補強層の間に摩擦が発生して位置ズレしたり破損するおそれがあるという問題があった。
また、延伸ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートが巻回された内層管の表面を赤外線炉で加熱して該樹脂シートを内層管に融着し、この際、シート隙間に内層管の樹脂を充填し、その後、外層を押出し被覆するため、この延伸ポリオレフィン系樹脂シートが熱の影響を受け易く、それにより延伸した樹脂シートが収縮したり、物性が劣化し易くなってパイプ全体の耐圧性能及び耐久性能が低下するという問題もあった。
However, in such a conventional synthetic resin pipe, the two reinforcing layers are in contact with each other between the inner layer and the outer layer, but there is no place where the inner layer and the outer layer are in direct contact with each other. There was a problem that there was a possibility of peeling from between the two reinforcing layers with a rapid pressure change in the pipe.
Furthermore, since the two reinforcing layers are in direct contact with each other, every time an external force such as bending acts on the entire pipe, there is a problem that friction may occur between these reinforcing layers, causing displacement or damage. there were.
In addition, the surface of the inner layer tube around which the stretched polyolefin resin sheet is wound is heated in an infrared furnace to fuse the resin sheet to the inner layer tube. At this time, the resin in the inner layer tube is filled in the sheet gap, Since the outer layer is extrusion-coated, the stretched polyolefin resin sheet is easily affected by heat, which causes the stretched resin sheet to shrink and the physical properties to easily deteriorate, thereby reducing the pressure resistance and durability of the entire pipe. There was also a problem.
本発明のうち第一の発明は、複数の層の接着強度を高めることを目的としたものである。
第三の発明は、第一の発明又は第二の発明の目的に加えて、パイプ本体の内周面及び外周面を平坦にすることを目的としたものである。
第四の発明は、第一の発明、第二の発明又は第三の発明の目的に加えて、螺旋状補強材への熱伝動を最小限に抑制することを目的としたものである。
第五の発明は、第二の発明の目的に加えて、パイプ接続状態でパイプ端面からの水の浸入によるウィーピング現象やブリスター破壊の発生を防止することを目的としたものである。
The first invention of the present invention aims to increase the adhesive strength of a plurality of layers.
In addition to the objects of the first invention or the second invention, the third invention aims to flatten the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body.
In addition to the objects of the first invention , the second invention, or the third invention , the fourth invention aims to minimize heat transmission to the spiral reinforcing material.
In addition to the object of the second invention , the fifth invention aims to prevent the occurrence of a weeping phenomenon and blister breakage due to water intrusion from the pipe end face in the pipe connection state.
前述した目的を達成するために、本発明のうち第一の発明は、複数の層を積層して剛性のパイプ本体が形成され、これら複数の層の間に補強材を螺旋状に巻回して補強層が形成される合成樹脂パイプであって、前記複数の層として内層と外層を硬質樹脂で成形し、前記パイプ本体の軸方向へ直線状に延びる複数の補強線材が周方向へ夫々所定間隔ごとに埋設される前記内層と前記外層の間に接着層を形成し、前記内層及び前記外層と前記接着層との間に、前記補強材として螺旋状補強材を夫々の傾斜角度が逆向きになるように螺旋状に巻回することで、前記接着層の内周面及び外周面に沿って前記補強層を夫々形成したことを特徴とするものである。
第二の発明は、第一の発明の構成に、前記内層及び前記補強線材と前記外層と前記接着層と前記螺旋状補強材を同系の合成樹脂にすることで前記パイプ本体が形成される構成を加えたことを特徴とする。
第三の発明は、第一の発明又は第二発明の構成に、前記内層及び前記外層を熱可塑性樹脂で形成するとともに、前記内層及び前記外層の熱可塑性樹脂よりも流動性の高い熱可塑性樹脂で前記接着層を形成した構成を加えたことを特徴とする。
第四の発明は、前述した合成樹脂パイプを製造するに際し、前記接着層を積層した後に冷却し、この冷却工程の後に接着層の外周面に沿って前記螺旋状補強材を螺旋状に巻回したことを特徴とするものである。
第五の発明は、前述した合成樹脂パイプを接続するに際し、前記内層及び前記補強線材と前記外層と前記接着層と前記螺旋状補強材が同系の合成樹脂で形成されてなる前記パイプ本体の軸方向端部を加熱溶融し、この加熱溶融された前記パイプ本体が一直線上になるように各端面を突き合わせて相互に圧接させて熱溶着したことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above-described object, the first invention of the present invention is that a plurality of layers are laminated to form a rigid pipe body, and a reinforcing material is spirally wound between the plurality of layers. A synthetic resin pipe in which a reinforcing layer is formed, wherein an inner layer and an outer layer are formed of a hard resin as the plurality of layers , and a plurality of reinforcing wires extending linearly in the axial direction of the pipe body are respectively spaced at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. the adhesive layer is formed between the inner layer and the outer layer is embedded in each, between the adhesive layer and the inner layer and the outer layer, the inclination angle of the respective helical reinforcing member as the reinforcing material in the opposite direction The reinforcing layer is formed along the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the adhesive layer by winding in a spiral manner.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, the pipe main body is formed by using the inner layer, the reinforcing wire, the outer layer, the adhesive layer, and the helical reinforcing material in a similar synthetic resin. It is characterized by adding.
According to a third invention, in the configuration of the first invention or the second invention, the inner layer and the outer layer are formed of a thermoplastic resin, and a thermoplastic resin having higher fluidity than the thermoplastic resin of the inner layer and the outer layer. The structure in which the adhesive layer is formed is added.
The fourth invention is wound upon producing synthetic resin pipe as described above, the cooling after the adhesive layer is laminated, spiral the spiral reinforcing member along the outer peripheral surface of the adhesive layer after the cooling step It is characterized by that.
Fifth invention, when connecting a synthetic resin pipe as described above, the axis of said pipe body in which the spiral reinforcing member wherein the inner layer and the reinforcing wire member said outer layer and said adhesive layer is formed by syngeneic synthetic resin The end portions in the direction are heated and melted, and the end surfaces are brought into contact with each other so that the heated and melted pipe main body is in a straight line, and are heat-welded.
本発明のうち第一の発明は、内層と外層の間に接着層を形成し、内層及び外層と接着層との間に、補強材として螺旋状補強材を夫々の傾斜角度が逆向きになるように螺旋状に巻回して、接着層の内周面及び外周面に沿って補強層を夫々形成することにより、内層の外周面と接着層の内周面とが、螺旋状補強材に形成される螺旋状の隙間を通って直接接触し固着されるとともに、外層の内周面と接着層の外周面とが、螺旋状補強材の螺旋状の隙間を通って直接接触し固着される。
したがって、複数の層の接着強度を高めることができる。
その結果、内層と外層との間で2層の補強層同士が接触するものの内層と外層が直接接触する箇所がない従来のものに比べ、パイプ内の急激な圧力変化に伴って層間が剥離し難くなって耐圧性能が向上する。
さらに、2層構造の補強層同士が直接接触する従来のものに比べ、2層の補強層が接着層を挟んで配置されて螺旋状補強材同士が直接触れないため、パイプ全体に曲げなどの外力が作用しても、螺旋状補強材の位置ズレや糸切れなどの破損を防止できる。
First invention of the present invention, an adhesive layer between the inner and outer layers, between the inner and outer layers adhesive layer, the spiral reinforcement inclination angle of each are opposite as a reinforcing material wound in helically so, by respectively forming the reinforcement layer along the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the contact adhesive layer, the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer and the inner peripheral surface of the adhesive layer, a spiral reinforcing member with the through spiral gap formed in direct contact secured to, the inner peripheral surface of the outer layer and the outer peripheral surface of the adhesive layer is in direct contact with fixing through the spiral gap of the spiral reinforcing member The
Therefore, the adhesive strength of a plurality of layers can be increased.
As a result, the two reinforcing layers contact each other between the inner layer and the outer layer, but the layers peel off due to a sudden pressure change in the pipe, compared to the conventional one where the inner layer and the outer layer do not have direct contact. It becomes difficult to improve pressure resistance.
Furthermore, the reinforcing layer between the two-layer structure is compared with the conventional direct contact, the reinforcing layer of the two layers are arranged to sandwich the adhesive layer is between spiral reinforcement not touch, such as bending the entire pipe Even if an external force is applied, it is possible to prevent damage such as positional displacement and thread breakage of the spiral reinforcing material.
第三の発明は、第一の発明又は第二発明の効果に加えて、内層と外層を熱可塑性樹脂で形成するとともに、内層及び外層の熱可塑性樹脂よりも流動性の高い熱可塑性樹脂で接着層を形成することにより、この接着層の流動性の高い熱可塑性樹脂が、螺旋状補強材の螺旋状の隙間に夫々スムーズに入り込んで、これら螺旋状補強材の有無による厚み寸法の違いを吸収するため、内層の内周面及び外層の外周面に凹凸が生じない。
したがって、パイプ本体の内周面及び外周面を平坦にすることができる。
The third invention is, in addition to the effect of the first invention or the second invention, the inner and outer layers together to form a thermoplastic resin, contact with high thermoplastic resin fluidity than the thermoplastic resin of the inner and outer layers By forming the adhesion layer, the highly fluid thermoplastic resin of the adhesive layer smoothly enters the spiral gaps of the spiral reinforcement material, and the difference in thickness dimension depending on the presence or absence of these spiral reinforcement materials. Since it absorbs, unevenness does not occur on the inner peripheral surface of the inner layer and the outer peripheral surface of the outer layer .
Therefore, the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body can be flattened.
第四の発明は、前述した合成樹脂パイプを製造するに際し、接着層を積層した後に冷却し、この冷却工程の後に接着層の外周面に沿って螺旋状補強材を螺旋状に巻回することにより、接着層の被覆積層時に発生した熱が、接着層の内周の螺旋状補強材へ伝動し難くなるとともに、接着層の外周の螺旋状補強材へも伝動し難くなる。
したがって、螺旋状補強材への熱伝動を最小限に抑制することができる。
その結果、延伸樹脂シートが巻回された内層管の表面を加熱して融着した後に外層を押出し被覆する従来のものに比べ、延伸加工された螺旋状補強材の収縮や物性劣化を抑えることができ、それによりバイブ全体の耐圧性能及び耐久性能を向上できる。
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, when the synthetic resin pipe described above is manufactured, the adhesive layer is laminated and then cooled, and after this cooling step, the spiral reinforcing material is spirally wound along the outer peripheral surface of the adhesive layer. Thus, the heat generated when the adhesive layer is coated and laminated is not easily transmitted to the spiral reinforcing material on the inner periphery of the adhesive layer, and is also difficult to transmit to the spiral reinforcing material on the outer periphery of the adhesive layer.
Therefore, heat transmission to the spiral reinforcement can be minimized.
As a result, the shrinkage and deterioration of physical properties of the stretched spiral reinforcing material can be suppressed compared to the conventional one in which the outer layer is extruded and coated after heating and fusing the surface of the inner layer tube around which the stretched resin sheet is wound. Thus, the pressure resistance and durability of the entire vibrator can be improved.
第五の発明は、前述した合成樹脂パイプを接続するに際し、内層及び補強線材と外層と接着層と螺旋状補強材が同系の合成樹脂で形成されてなるパイプ本体の軸方向端部を加熱溶融し、この加熱溶融されたパイプ本体が一直線上になるように各端面を突き合わせて相互に圧接させて熱溶着することにより、内層及び補強線材と外層と接着層と螺旋状補強材が隙間なく一体に溶着される。
したがって、パイプ接続状態でパイプ端面からの水の浸入によるウィーピング現象やブリスター破壊の発生を防止することができる。
In the fifth invention, when connecting the above-described synthetic resin pipe, the axial end of the pipe body in which the inner layer, the reinforcing wire, the outer layer, the adhesive layer, and the helical reinforcing material are formed of the same type of synthetic resin is heated and melted. Then, the inner layer, the reinforcing wire, the outer layer, the adhesive layer, and the spiral reinforcing member are integrated with no gap by abutting each end face so that the heated and melted pipe body is in a straight line and press-welding each other. To be welded.
Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of weeping phenomenon and blister breakage due to water intrusion from the pipe end face in the pipe connection state.
本発明の合成樹脂パイプAの実施形態は、図1に示す如く、熱可塑性樹脂からなる複数の層1,2として内層と外層を設け、この内層1と外層2の間に中間層として接着層3を形成するとともに、これら内層1及び外層2の各々の層と接着層3との間に、補強材として螺旋状補強材4aを夫々の傾斜角度が逆向きになるように螺旋状に巻回することで、接着層3の内周面及び外周面に沿って補強層4,5を夫々形成している。
In the embodiment of the synthetic resin pipe A of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, an inner layer and an outer layer are provided as a plurality of
これら内層1、外層2及び接着層3を例えばポリプロピレンなどのオレフィン系樹脂で成形し、それらを一体的に積層することでパイプ本体A′が形成され、このパイプ本体A′の軸方向端部をヒータなどの加熱手段で加熱することにより、接続相手に熱溶着して接続される。
特に、接着層3には、内層1及び外層2に用いる熱可塑性樹脂よりも流動性(メルトインデックス)の高い熱可塑性樹脂を用いることが好ましい。
The
In particular, it is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin having higher fluidity (melt index) than the thermoplastic resin used for the
パイプ本体A′の製造方法は、先ず内層1を押出し成形し、この内層1の外周面1aに沿って螺旋状補強材4aを螺旋状に巻回し、その後、その外側に接着層3を押出し成形して積層し、この積層後に、これらを冷却用水槽などに浸漬して冷却する。
この冷却工程の後は、接着層3の外周面3aに沿って螺旋状補強材5aを、螺旋状補強材4aと傾斜角度が逆向きになるように螺旋状に巻回し、その後、必要に応じて冷却してから、最後に外層2を押出し成形して積層する。
The pipe body A ′ is manufactured by first extruding the
After this cooling step, the spiral reinforcing
また、図示せぬが必要に応じて内層1の内側に、パイプ本体A′内を通る流体又は気体に合わせた材料からなる最内層を設けたり、外層2の外側に保護用の材料からなる最外層を設けることも可能である。
さらに、これら内層1と最内層の間や外層2と最外層の間又は内層1や外層2や接着層3の内部には、これらと同系の合成樹脂からなる補強線材を、パイプ本体A′の軸方向略全長に亘って配置することも可能である。
Although not shown, an innermost layer made of a material suitable for the fluid or gas passing through the pipe body A ′ is provided inside the
Further, between the
螺旋状補強材4a,5aは、内層1、外層2及び接着層3と同じポリプロピレンなどのオレフィン系樹脂で形成された例えばモノフィラメント(monofilament:単繊維)などの糸や補強繊維などであり、その具体例として太いモノフィラメント(延伸モノフィラメント)を螺旋状に巻回すれば、剛性に優れながらパイプ本体A′の切断が容易で軽量化も図れることから好ましい。
The spiral reinforcing
また、その他の例として、細いモノフィラメントが編まれたマルチフィラメントを螺旋状に巻回するだけでなく、パイプ本体A′の周方向へ螺旋状に編組して中空円筒形の均一な網状にするか、あるいはニット編みなどで中空円筒形の均一な網状に編み込んだものを追加して配置することも可能である。
さらに、延伸モノフィラメントやマルチフィラメントに代えて、テープ状の糸からなるフラットヤーン(又はテープヤーン)を用いることも可能であり、この場合には該補強線材3の肉厚寸法が薄くなって、パイプ本体A′全体の肉厚寸法を薄くすることができるという利点がある。
As another example, in addition to spirally winding multifilaments knitted with thin monofilaments, whether to form a hollow cylindrical uniform net by spirally braiding in the circumferential direction of the pipe body A ′ Alternatively, it is also possible to add and arrange a knitted braid or the like that is knitted into a uniform shape of a hollow cylinder.
Furthermore, it is also possible to use flat yarn (or tape yarn) made of tape-like yarn instead of drawn monofilament or multifilament. In this case, the thickness of the reinforcing
そして、本発明の合成樹脂パイプAを用いた接続方法(パイプ接続構造)の実施形態として、図2に示す如く、2本の合成樹脂パイプA同士を直接接続する場合には、夫々のパイプ本体A′の軸方向端部を加熱して、それらの端面同士を互いに突き合わせ、適度に加圧し圧接させて熱溶着する。 Then, as an embodiment of the connection method (pipe connection structure) using the synthetic resin pipe A of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, when two synthetic resin pipes A are directly connected, each pipe body The end portions in the axial direction of A ′ are heated, the end faces thereof are brought into contact with each other, moderately pressurized and pressed, and thermally welded.
また、合成樹脂パイプAが後述する継手管Bを用いて接続される場合には、図3〜図5に示す如く、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部を加熱し、該継手管Bに圧接させて熱溶着する。
このパイプ接続構造は、上述した合成樹脂パイプAと、この合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1に嵌合する継手管Bとを備え、これら合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1と継手管Bとの対向面を加熱手段(図示しない)により溶融し、これら溶融された対向面を相互に圧接させて溶着している。
When the synthetic resin pipe A is connected using a joint pipe B described later, the axial end of the synthetic resin pipe A is heated and pressed against the joint pipe B as shown in FIGS. And heat-welded.
This pipe connection structure includes the above-described synthetic resin pipe A and a joint pipe B that is fitted to the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A, and the axial end A1 and the joint pipe of the synthetic resin pipe A. The surface facing B is melted by a heating means (not shown), and the melted facing surfaces are welded to each other.
その具体例としては、継手管Bの内径を合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1の外径と同じ又はそれよりも小径に形成し、これら合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1の外周面A2と継手管Bの内周面B1を夫々加熱した後に、この継手管B内に合成樹脂パイプAを押し込むことにより、これら継手内周面B1とパイプ外周面A2を互いに圧接させて熱溶着している。 As a specific example, the inner diameter of the joint pipe B is formed to be equal to or smaller than the outer diameter of the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A, and the outer peripheral surface of the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A After heating A2 and the inner peripheral surface B1 of the joint pipe B, the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed into the joint pipe B, so that the joint inner peripheral face B1 and the pipe outer peripheral face A2 are pressed against each other and thermally welded. ing.
継手管Bは、合成樹脂パイプAの層1,2と同系の熱可塑性樹脂、詳しくは例えばポリプロピレンなどのオレフィン系樹脂で形成され、接続される合成樹脂パイプAの数に対応した開口を開設して、例えば直管やT字管などに一体成形される。
図示例では、該継手管Bの2つの開口を一直線上に開設し、これら開口に2本の合成樹脂パイプAが夫々押し込まれて接続される直管の場合を示している。
The joint pipe B is formed of a thermoplastic resin similar to the
In the illustrated example, a case is shown in which two openings of the joint pipe B are opened in a straight line, and two synthetic resin pipes A are respectively pushed into and connected to the openings.
さらに必要に応じて、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1が接続される開口の内周面B1には、それに挿入した合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向先端面A3が突き当たる段部B2を周方向へ環状に突出するように一体成形することが好ましい。
この場合には、継手管Bに対する合成樹脂パイプAの押し込みにより、継手内周面B1とパイプ外周面A2が圧接すると同時に、継手管B内の段部B2と合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向先端面A3が圧接して、これらの圧接部分が夫々溶着される。
Further, if necessary, a step B2 where the axial end surface A3 of the synthetic resin pipe A inserted into the inner peripheral surface B1 of the opening to which the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A is connected is in the circumferential direction. It is preferable to integrally mold so as to protrude in a ring shape.
In this case, when the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed into the joint pipe B, the joint inner peripheral surface B1 and the pipe outer peripheral surface A2 are pressed against each other, and at the same time, the step B2 in the joint pipe B and the axial front end surface of the synthetic resin pipe A A3 is press-contacted, and these press-contact portions are welded respectively.
ところで、図6(a)(b)に示す如く、上述のように継手管Bの開口に合成樹脂パイプAを押し込み、その対向するパイプ外周面A2と継手内周面B1を圧接させることによって、これら対向面から溶融した樹脂Rが溢れ出ると、この圧接部分から合成樹脂パイプAの内側へ向かう溶融樹脂Rは、該合成樹脂パイプAの内周面A4からパイプ内側へ盛り上がって流出し、そのまま環状に突出して硬化する。
また、これと逆に圧接部分からパイプ外周面A2に沿って継手管Bの端面B3へ向かう溶融樹脂Rは、該継手管Bの端面B3からパイプ外側に盛り上がって流出し、そのまま環状に突出して硬化する。
それにより、パイプ内周面A4よりも内側へ盛り上がって硬化した環状の樹脂Rは、流路を部分的に絞って、所定の流量を確保できないおそれがあり、またパイプ外周面A2よりも外側へ盛り上がって硬化した環状の樹脂Rは、外観を低下させるおそれがある。
By the way, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed into the opening of the joint pipe B as described above, and the opposing pipe outer peripheral surface A2 and the joint inner peripheral surface B1 are pressed, When the melted resin R overflows from these opposing surfaces, the molten resin R going from the pressure contact portion to the inside of the synthetic resin pipe A rises from the inner peripheral surface A4 of the synthetic resin pipe A to the inside of the pipe and flows out as it is. It protrudes in a ring and hardens.
On the other hand, the molten resin R from the pressure contact portion to the end surface B3 of the joint pipe B along the pipe outer peripheral surface A2 rises out of the pipe B from the end surface B3 of the joint pipe B, and protrudes in an annular shape as it is. Harden.
As a result, the annular resin R that has risen and hardened to the inner side of the pipe inner peripheral surface A4 may partially squeeze the flow path so that a predetermined flow rate cannot be ensured. The ring-shaped resin R which is raised and hardened may deteriorate the appearance.
そこで、このような問題点を解決するため、本発明のパイプ接続方法(パイプ接続構造)では、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1と継手管Bと圧接部分から合成樹脂パイプAの内側へ向かう溶融樹脂Rの流れを抑制する流動規制手段Cを設けている。
この流動規制手段Cとしては、図3(a)(b)に示す如く、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1と継手管Bとの接続部分を封止カバーC1で該合成樹脂パイプAの内側から覆うように取り付けることにより、該合成樹脂パイプAの押し込み及び圧接に伴って溢れ出る溶融樹脂Rを、パイプ外周面A2沿いに継手管Bの端面B3へ向け誘導して硬化させることが好ましい。
Therefore, in order to solve such problems, in the pipe connection method (pipe connection structure) of the present invention, the axial end portion A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A, the joint pipe B, and the press-contact portion enter the inside of the synthetic resin pipe A. A flow restricting means C for suppressing the flow of the molten resin R is provided.
As the flow restricting means C, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the connecting portion between the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A and the joint pipe B is sealed with a sealing cover C1. It is preferable that the molten resin R overflowing as the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed and pressed by being attached so as to cover from the inside is guided and cured toward the end surface B3 of the joint pipe B along the pipe outer peripheral surface A2. .
その他の例として、図4(a)(b)及び図5(a)(b)に示す如く、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1と継手管Bとの圧接部分に貯留部C2,C3を形成することにより、該合成樹脂パイプAの押し込み及び圧接に伴って溢れ出る溶融樹脂Rを、該貯留手段C2,C3内へ流し込んで硬化させることも可能である。 As another example, as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B and 5A, 5B, the storage portions C2, C3 are provided at the pressure contact portion between the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A and the joint pipe B. By forming the molten resin R, the molten resin R that overflows as the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed and pressed can be poured into the storage means C2 and C3 to be cured.
また、複数の層1,2及び補強線材3を構成するポリプロピレンなどのオレフィン系樹脂としては、そのパイプ接続構造において、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端面同士を突き合わせて溶着させる場合には、軟質のオレフィン系樹脂及び硬質のオレフィン系樹脂のどちらで成形しても良いが、継手管Bを介して複数本の合成樹脂パイプAが熱溶着される場合には、継手管Bの開口に対して合成樹脂パイプAを挿入する必要があるため、ある程度硬質なオレフィン系樹脂で成形することが好ましい。
以下、本発明の各実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。
Further, as an olefin resin such as polypropylene constituting the plurality of
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
この実施例1は、図1に示す如く、前述した合成樹脂パイプAが、前記内層1を押出し成形した後に、この内層1の外周面1aに沿って、前記螺旋状補強材4a,5aと同系の合成樹脂製で軸方向へ直線状に延びる太いモノフィラメント(延伸モノフィラメント)などの補強線材6を周方向へ複数本夫々適宜間隔ごとに配置し、その外側から加圧して各補強線材6が内層1の内部に押し込まれ、その外側に前記補強層4(螺旋状補強材4a)、接着層3、補強層5(螺旋状補強材5a)及び外層2を順次積層することにより、これらを一体化してパイプ本体A′が形成される場合を示すものである。
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the above-described synthetic resin pipe A is similar to the
したがって、図1に示す実施例1は、内層1の外周面1aと接着層3の内周面とが、螺旋状補強材4aに形成される螺旋状の隙間を通り直接接触して固着されるとともに、接着層3の外周面3aと外層2の内周面とが、螺旋状補強材5aの螺旋状の隙間を通り直接接触して固着される。
Therefore, in Example 1 shown in FIG. 1, the outer
それにより、接着層3を介して内層1と外層2の接着強度が高くなり、パイプ内の急激な圧力変化に伴って層間が剥離するのを防止できる。
さらに、接着層3を挟んで補強層4,5の螺旋状補強材4a,5aが配置されて、これら螺旋状補強材4a,5a同士が直接触れないため、螺旋状補強材4a,5aのピッチズレや糸切れが発生しない。
Thereby, the adhesive strength between the
Further, since the
特に、接着層3として、内層1及び外層2に用いる熱可塑性樹脂よりも流動性(メルトインデックス)の高い熱可塑性樹脂を用いた場合には、螺旋状補強材4a,5aの螺旋状の隙間に、該接着層3の流動性の高い熱可塑性樹脂が夫々スムーズに入り込んで、これら螺旋状補強材4a,5aの有無による厚み寸法の違いを吸収するため、内層1の内周面及び外層2の外周面に凹凸が生じない。
それにより、パイプ本体A′の内周面及び外周面を平坦にできる。
In particular, when a thermoplastic resin having a higher fluidity (melt index) than the thermoplastic resin used for the
Thereby, the inner peripheral surface and outer peripheral surface of pipe main body A 'can be made flat.
そして、パイプ本体A′の製造工程では、接着層3を積層した後に、この接着層3と該接着層3の内周面に沿って螺旋状に巻回された螺旋状補強材4aとが冷却され、この冷却工程の後に接着層3の外周面に沿って螺旋状補強材5aを螺旋状に巻回するため、接着層3の被覆積層時に発生した熱が、接着層3の内周の螺旋状補強材4aへ伝動し難くなるとともに、接着層3の外周の螺旋状補強材5aへも伝動し難くなる。
それにより、螺旋状補強材4a,5aへの熱伝動を最小限に抑制してこれら螺旋状補強材4a,5aの熱収縮や熱劣化を確実に抑えることができる。
In the manufacturing process of the pipe body A ′, after the
Thereby, heat transmission to the
次に、斯かる合成樹脂パイプAの接続例について説明する。
図2に示す如く、先ず、各パイプ本体A′の軸方向端部のみを例えばヒータなどの加熱手段(図示しない)で加熱した後に、これらパイプ本体A′が一直線上になるように各端面を突き合わせて相互に圧接させると、夫々の内層1、外層2、接着層3と螺旋状補強材4a,5a及び補強線材6の軸方向端部が溶融して一体になり、これら螺旋状補強材4a,5a、補強線材6が内層1、外層2及び接着層3に熱溶着される。
Next, a connection example of such a synthetic resin pipe A will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, first, only the axial ends of the pipe bodies A ′ are heated by a heating means (not shown) such as a heater, and then the end faces are set so that the pipe bodies A ′ are in a straight line. When they are butted against each other, the
それにより、特にパイプ本体A′を屈曲させるなど変形させても、螺旋状補強材4a,5a及び補強線材6が内層1の内部及び各層間で移動して抜けることがなく、その結果として、このパイプ本体A′を使用する環境が高温雰囲気になっても、該パイプ本体A′が軸方向へ伸びたり、弓状に撓むことが抑制されて、パイプ本体A′の直線強度が保たれ、更に各パイプ本体A′の接続部分に無理な力が掛からない。
Thereby, even if the pipe body A ′ is bent or deformed in particular, the
また、内層1、外層2、接着層3と螺旋状補強材4a,5a及び補強線材6が同系のオレフィン系樹脂であるため、パイプ本体A′を分解することなく、そのまま廃棄処理やリサイクルが可能である。
なお、図示例の場合には、各パイプ本体A′の軸方向端面同士から流出した溶融樹脂Rが、内層1の内側及び外層2の外側に夫々盛り上がって環状に突出して硬化した例を示しているが、上述したように少なくとも内層1の内側には環状に盛り上がって硬化しないようにすることが好ましい。
Further, since the
In the case of the illustrated example, an example is shown in which the molten resin R flowing out from the axial end faces of each pipe body A ′ rises to the inside of the
この実施例2は、図3(a)(b)に示す如く、前記合成樹脂パイプAを用いたパイプ接続方法として前記継手管Bを介して接続するものであり、これら合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向先端面A3と継手B内の段部B2が突き当たる部分に、前記流動規制手段Cとして封止カバーC1を合成樹脂パイプAの内側から被着した場合を示している。 As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the second embodiment is connected through the joint pipe B as a pipe connection method using the synthetic resin pipe A. The case where the sealing cover C1 as the flow restricting means C is attached from the inside of the synthetic resin pipe A to the portion where the directional front end surface A3 and the step B2 in the joint B abut is shown.
封止カバーC1は、合成樹脂パイプA及び継手Bを構成する例えばポリプロピレンなどのオレフィン系樹脂よりも溶融温度が高い合成樹脂又は金属などで形成され、必要に応じてこれら合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向先端面A3と継手B内の段部B2との間に挟み込まれる挟持部C1′を突設することが好ましい。 The sealing cover C1 is formed of a synthetic resin or a metal having a higher melting temperature than an olefin resin such as polypropylene constituting the synthetic resin pipe A and the joint B, and the axial direction of these synthetic resin pipes A as required. It is preferable to project a clamping portion C1 ′ that is sandwiched between the front end surface A3 and the stepped portion B2 in the joint B.
次に、斯かるパイプ接続方法を工程順に従って詳しく説明する。
先ず、図3(a)の二点鎖線に示す如く、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1の外周面A2及び先端面A3と、それに対向する継手管Bの内周面B1とを、それらに例えばヒータなどの加熱手段(図示しない)を接触させるなどして夫々が加熱される。
Next, such a pipe connecting method will be described in detail in the order of steps.
First, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 3A, the outer peripheral surface A2 and the front end surface A3 of the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A, and the inner peripheral surface B1 of the joint pipe B opposed to them are Each is heated by, for example, contacting a heating means (not shown) such as a heater.
該パイプ外周面A2及びパイプ先端面A3と継手内周面B1の表面部分が溶融可能な温度に達したところで、これら合成樹脂パイプAと継手管Bとの間に封止カバーC1を挟み入れる。
その後、図3(b)に示す如く、この加熱された継手内周面B1に沿って、加熱されたパイプ外周面A2を挿入することで、これら両者を圧接させるとともに、パイプ先端面A3を継手管B内の段部B2に突き当てる。
When the pipe outer peripheral surface A2 and the pipe front end surface A3 and the surface portion of the joint inner peripheral surface B1 reach a meltable temperature, the sealing cover C1 is sandwiched between the synthetic resin pipe A and the joint pipe B.
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the heated pipe outer peripheral surface A2 is inserted along the heated joint inner peripheral surface B1, thereby bringing them into pressure contact with each other, and the pipe front end surface A3 is connected to the joint. It strikes against the step B2 in the tube B.
それにより、これら合成樹脂パイプAの押し込み及びパイプ外周面A2及び継手内周面B1の圧接に伴って流出する溶融樹脂Rは、パイプ先端面A3と継手段部B2との隙間が封止カバーC1で封鎖されるため、そこからパイプ内周面A4側には流れ出ず、そのすべてがパイプ外周面A2に沿って継手管Bの端面B3へ向け誘導され、それから流出し外側へ環状に盛り上がって突出して硬化する。
したがって、図3(a)(b)に示す実施例2は、合成樹脂パイプAと継手管Bとのパイプ接続部において溶融樹脂Rがパイプ内周面A4に盛り上がって硬化することを防止でき、流路を絞ることがないため、所定の流量を確保できる。
As a result, the molten resin R flowing out with the pressing of the synthetic resin pipe A and the pressure contact between the pipe outer peripheral surface A2 and the joint inner peripheral surface B1 has a gap between the pipe front end surface A3 and the joint means B2 being sealed with the sealing cover C1. Therefore, it does not flow out from the pipe inner peripheral surface A4 side, all of which is guided along the pipe outer peripheral surface A2 toward the end surface B3 of the joint pipe B, and then flows out and protrudes in an annular shape outward. Harden.
Therefore, Example 2 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B can prevent the molten resin R from rising and curing on the pipe inner peripheral surface A4 at the pipe connection portion between the synthetic resin pipe A and the joint pipe B, Since the flow path is not restricted, a predetermined flow rate can be secured.
この実施例3は、図4(a)(b)に示す如く、前記図3(a)(b)に示した実施例2の封止カバーC1に代え、前記継手B内の段部B2に前記流動規制手段Cとして貯留部C2を、前記パイプ内周面A3と対向するように凹設することにより、前記合成樹脂パイプAの押し込み及び圧接に伴って流出する溶融樹脂Rを、該貯留部C2内へ流し込んで硬化させる構成が、前記図2に示した実施例2とは異なり、それ以外の構成は図2に示した実施例2と同じものである。 As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the third embodiment replaces the sealing cover C1 of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B with a step B2 in the joint B. The storage portion C2 is recessed as the flow restricting means C so as to face the pipe inner peripheral surface A3, so that the molten resin R flowing out as the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed and pressed is supplied to the storage portion. The configuration for pouring into C2 and curing is different from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and the other configuration is the same as the second embodiment shown in FIG.
貯留部C2は、段部B2の端面の周方向全周に亘って環状に形成することが好ましく、その容量を増やすために継手内周面B1側へ拡張することも可能である。 The reservoir C2 is preferably formed in an annular shape over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction of the end surface of the stepped portion B2, and can be expanded toward the joint inner circumferential surface B1 in order to increase its capacity.
したがって、図4に示す実施例3も、上述した実施例2と同様な作用効果が得られ、更に加えて、実施例2のように封止カバーC1を更に必要としないから、その接続作業が容易になるとともに、その分だけ部品点数が減少してコストの低減が図れるという利点がある。
また、合成樹脂パイプAの押し込み及びパイプ外周面A2及び継手内周面B1の圧接に伴って流出する溶融樹脂Rの一部又はほとんどが貯留部C2内へ流れ込むため、パイプ外周面A2に沿って継手管Bの端面B3へ向かう溶融樹脂Rの量が減り、それにより、パイプ外周面A2よりも外側へ盛り上がって硬化する樹脂Rが大幅に減少して目立たなくなり、外観の低下が緩和されるという利点もある。
Accordingly, the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 can obtain the same operation and effect as the second embodiment described above. In addition, since the sealing cover C1 is not further required as in the second embodiment, the connection work is not necessary. In addition to being easy, there is an advantage that the number of parts can be reduced correspondingly and the cost can be reduced.
In addition, since part or most of the molten resin R flowing out as the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed in and pressed against the outer peripheral surface A2 of the pipe and the inner peripheral surface B1 of the joint flows into the storage portion C2, the outer peripheral surface A2 extends along the pipe. The amount of the molten resin R toward the end surface B3 of the joint pipe B is reduced, and as a result, the resin R that rises outward from the outer peripheral surface A2 of the pipe and hardens is greatly reduced and becomes inconspicuous. There are also advantages.
この実施例4は、図5(a)(b)に示す如く、前記図4(a)(b)に示した実施例3の貯留部C2に代え、前記流動規制手段Cとして貯留部C3を前記パイプ先端面A3と対向するように凹設することにより、前記合成樹脂パイプAの押し込み及び圧接に伴って流出する溶融樹脂Rを、該貯留部C3内へ流し込んで硬化させる構成が、前記図4に示した実施例3とは異なり、それ以外の構成は図4に示した実施例3と同じものである。 As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the fourth embodiment replaces the storage section C2 of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) with a storage section C3 as the flow regulating means C. The configuration in which the molten resin R that flows out as the synthetic resin pipe A is pushed and pressed by being recessed so as to face the pipe front end surface A3 is poured into the storage portion C3 and cured is shown in FIG. Unlike the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the rest of the configuration is the same as that of the third embodiment shown in FIG.
貯留部C3は、図示例のようにパイプ先端面A3においてパイプ外周面A2側が最も凹むように直線状又は湾曲状に傾斜させて、パイプ内周面A4側への流出を防ぎながら、その容量を増やすことが好ましい。
その他の例として、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向と垂直なパイプ先端面A3に環状の貯留部C3を形成することも可能である。
The storage portion C3 is inclined linearly or curvedly so that the pipe outer peripheral surface A2 side is most concave on the pipe front end surface A3 as shown in the illustrated example, while preventing the outflow to the pipe inner peripheral surface A4 side. It is preferable to increase.
As another example, it is also possible to form an annular storage portion C3 on the pipe front end surface A3 perpendicular to the axial direction of the synthetic resin pipe A.
したがって、図5に示す実施例4も、上述した実施例3と同様な作用効果が得られ、更に加えて、図示例のようにパイプ先端面A3を貯留部C3の容量が増えるように傾斜させた場合には、合成樹脂パイプAの押し込み及びパイプ外周面A2及び継手内周面B1の圧接に伴って流出する溶融樹脂Rのほとんどが貯留部C3内へ流し込むため、パイプ外周面A2に沿って継手管Bの端面B3へ向け流出する量が著しく減少し、それにより、パイプ外周面A2よりも外側へ盛り上がって硬化する樹脂Rが無くなって、外観が向上するという利点もある。 Therefore, the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5 can obtain the same operation and effect as the third embodiment described above, and in addition, the pipe front end surface A3 is inclined so that the capacity of the storage portion C3 increases as in the illustrated example. In this case, most of the molten resin R flowing out due to the pressing of the synthetic resin pipe A and the pressure contact between the pipe outer peripheral surface A2 and the joint inner peripheral surface B1 flows into the storage portion C3, and therefore, along the pipe outer peripheral surface A2. The amount flowing out toward the end surface B3 of the joint pipe B is remarkably reduced, thereby eliminating the resin R that rises and hardens outward from the outer peripheral surface A2 of the pipe, and has the advantage that the appearance is improved.
なお、前述した合成樹脂パイプAの実施例1では、内層1の押出し成形後に補強線材6を周方向へ複数本夫々適宜間隔ごとに配置し、その外側から加圧して各補強線材6が内層1の内部に押し込まれる場合を示したが、これに限定されず、内層1の内部に補強線材6を配置しなくても良い。
さらに、前述したパイプ接続方法の実施例2〜実施例4では、合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向端部A1が接続される開口の内周面B1に、それに挿入される合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向先端面A3が突き当たる段部B2を突出形成したが、これに限定されず、該段部B2無しで、接続する2本の合成樹脂パイプAの軸方向先端面A3同士が突き当たるようにして、これら先端面A3同士の圧接部分と、継手内周面B1及びパイプ外周面A2の圧接部分を夫々溶着するようにしても良い。
In Example 1 of the synthetic resin pipe A described above, after the
Furthermore, in the second to fourth embodiments of the pipe connecting method described above, the axial direction of the synthetic resin pipe A inserted into the inner peripheral surface B1 of the opening to which the axial end A1 of the synthetic resin pipe A is connected. The step portion B2 with which the end surface A3 abuts is formed to protrude, but the present invention is not limited to this, and without the step portion B2, the axial end surfaces A3 of the two synthetic resin pipes A to be connected abut each other. You may make it weld the press-contact part of tip surface A3, and the press-contact part of joint internal peripheral surface B1 and pipe outer peripheral surface A2.
A 合成樹脂パイプ A′ パイプ本体
1 内層 1a 外周面
2 外層 3 接着層
3a 外周面 4,5 補強層
4a,5a 螺旋状補強材 6 補強線材
A1 軸方向端部 A2 外周面(パイプ外周面)
A3 軸方向先端面(パイプ先端面) A4 内周面(パイプ内周面)
B 継手管 B1 内周面(継手内周面)
B2 段部(継手段部) B3 端面
C 流動規制手段 C1 封止カバー
C1′ 挟持部 C2,C3 貯留部
R 溶融樹脂
A Synthetic resin pipe A '
A3 Axial tip surface (pipe tip surface) A4 Inner peripheral surface (pipe inner peripheral surface)
B Joint pipe B1 Inner peripheral surface (Fitting inner peripheral surface)
B2 Step part (joint part) B3 End face C Flow restricting means C1 Sealing cover C1 'Clamping part C2, C3 Storage part R Molten resin
Claims (5)
前記複数の層として内層と外層を硬質樹脂で成形し、前記パイプ本体の軸方向へ直線状に延びる複数の補強線材が周方向へ夫々所定間隔ごとに埋設される前記内層と前記外層の間に接着層を形成し、前記内層及び前記外層と前記接着層との間に、前記補強材として螺旋状補強材を夫々の傾斜角度が逆向きになるように螺旋状に巻回することで、前記接着層の内周面及び外周面に沿って前記補強層を夫々形成したことを特徴とする合成樹脂パイプ。 A synthetic resin pipe in which a plurality of layers are laminated to form a rigid pipe body, and a reinforcing layer is formed by spirally winding a reinforcing material between the plurality of layers,
An inner layer and an outer layer are formed of a hard resin as the plurality of layers , and a plurality of reinforcing wires extending linearly in the axial direction of the pipe body are embedded in the circumferential direction at predetermined intervals, respectively, between the inner layer and the outer layer the adhesive layer is formed, between the adhesive layer and the inner layer and the outer layer, by a helical reinforcement inclination angle of each winding to the spiral such that the opposite as the reinforcing material, wherein A synthetic resin pipe, wherein the reinforcing layer is formed along an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface of the adhesive layer.
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JP2012037033A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-02-23 | Toyox Co Ltd | Multilayer pressure pipe and multiple pipe |
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