JP5496913B2 - 代謝異常の治療のための化合物 - Google Patents
代謝異常の治療のための化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5496913B2 JP5496913B2 JP2010542415A JP2010542415A JP5496913B2 JP 5496913 B2 JP5496913 B2 JP 5496913B2 JP 2010542415 A JP2010542415 A JP 2010542415A JP 2010542415 A JP2010542415 A JP 2010542415A JP 5496913 B2 JP5496913 B2 JP 5496913B2
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
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Description
定義
本発明において、「アルキル」なる用語は、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基を意味する。一定数の炭素原子を有すると特定されたアルキル基は、特定数の炭素を有する全てのアルキル基を意味する。例えば、3個の炭素原子を有するアルキルは、プロピル又はイソプロピルであってもよく、4個の炭素原子を有するアルキルは、n−ブチル、1−メチルプロピル、2−メチルプロピル、又はt−ブチルであってもよい。
DP 4−(3−(2,6−ジメチルベンゾイルオキシ)フェニル)−4−オキソブタン酸
上記要約に記載された物質、使用、方法又は医薬組成物の1つの実施態様において、mは2又は4である。本発明の1つの実施態様において、R2は水素である。本発明の1つの実施態様において、Aは、ハロ、ヒドロキシ、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルキル、パーフルオロメチル、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルコキシ、及びパーフルオロメトキシから選択される1又は2個の基により置換された、又は未置換のフェニルである。さらに具体的な実施態様において、Aは、上記の置換基を有する、2,6−二置換フェニルである。2位及び6位における置換基が、独立に、クロロ、ブロモ、ヨード、ヒドロキシ、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルキル、パーフルオロメチル、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルコキシ、及びパーフルオロメトキシからなる群より選択される時にエステラーゼによる開裂に対する保護が付与される。より高い活性及びエステラーゼによる開裂に対する保護には、2位及び6位におけるクロロ、ブロモ、ヨード、ヒドロキシ、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルキル、及びパーフルオロメチル置換が好ましい。さらに具体的な実施態様において、Aは、2,6−ジメチルフェニルである。本発明の具体的な実施態様において、化合物は、4−(3−(2,6−ジメチルベンゾイルオキシ)フェニル)−4−オキソブタン酸である。
mが0であり、R2が水素、ハロ、1〜3個の炭素原子を有するアルコキシ、又は1〜3個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、R1が水素又は1〜3個の炭素原子を有するアルキルである、式Iの化合物、すなわち以下の式の化合物において
式IXの化合物は、R1が1〜3個の炭素原子を有するアルキルである、式Iの化合物である。
Canadian Journal of Chemistry (2001), 79(11), 1541-1545.
2.4−Br−2−OHC6H3CO2H
WO99/16747又は特開平04−154773
3.2−Br−6−OHC6H3CO2H
特開昭47−039101.
4.2−Br−3−OHC6H3CO2H
WO96/28423.
5.4−Br−3−OHC6H3CO2H
WO2001/002388.
6.3−Br−5−OHC6H3CO2H
Journal of labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals (1992), 31(3), 175-82.
7.2−Br−5−OHC6H3CO2H及び3−Cl−4−OHC6H3CO2H
WO94/05153及びUS5519133
8.2−Br−4−OHC6H3CO2H及び3−Br−4−OHC6H3CO2H
WO2002/2018323
9.2−Cl−6−OHC6H3CO2H
特開平06−293700
10.2−Cl−3−OHC6H3CO2H
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science (1983), Volume date 1982, 92, 145-51.
11.3−Cl−5−OHC6H3CO2H
WO2002/000633及びWO2002/044145
12.2−Cl−5−OHC6H3CO2H
WO97/45400.
13.5−I−2−OHC6H3CO2H及び3−I,2−OHC6H3CO2H
Z. Chem. (1976), 16(8), 319-320.
14.4−I−2−OHC6H3CO2H
Journal of Chemical Research, Synopses (1994), (11), 405.
15.6−I−2−OHC6H3CO2H
US 4932999.
16.2−I−3−OHC6H3CO2H及び4−I−3−OHC6H3CO2H
WO99/12928
17.5−I−3−OHC6H3CO2H
J. Med. Chem. (1973), 16(6), 684-7.
18.2−I−4−OHC6H3CO2H
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, (1991), 56(2), 459-77.
19.3−I−4−OHC6H3CO2,
J.O.C. (1990), 55(18), 5287-91.
US2001034343又はWO97/25992
2.5−OMe−3−OHC6H3CO2H
J.O.C (2001), 66(23), 7883-88.
3.2−OMe−5−OHC6H3CO2H
US6194406(96ページ)及び Journal of the American Chemical Society (1985), 107(8), 2571-3.
4.3−OEt−5−OHC6H3CO2H
Taiwan Kexue (1996), 49(1), 51-56.
5.4−OEt−3−OHC6H3CO2H
WO96/26176
6.2−OEt−4−OHC6H3CO2H
Takeda Kenkyusho Nempo (1965), 24,221-8.
特開平7−070025
7.3−OEt−4−OHC6H3CO2H
WO96/26176
8.3−OPr−2−OHC6H3CO2H
特開平07−206658、DE 2749518
9.4−OPr−2−OHC6H3CO2H
Farmacia (Bucharest) (1970), 18(8), 461-6.
特開平08−119959
10.2−OPr−5−OHC6H3CO2H及び2−OEt−5−OHC6H3CO2H
ヨウ化プロピル及びヨウ化エチルを使用するUS6194406(96ページ)の合成を適用。
11.4−OPr−3−OHC6H3CO2H
WO96/26176の合成を適用。
12.2−OPr−4−OHC6H3CO2H
ハロゲン化プロピルを使用するTakeda Kenkyusho Nempo (1965), 24,221-8の合成を適用。
13.4−OEt−3−OHC6H3CO2H
Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (1985), 12(4), 163-9.
14.3−OPr−5−OHC6H3CO2H
ハロゲン化プロピルを使用するTaiwan Kexue (1996), 49(1), 51-56 の合成を適用。
WO96/19437
J.O.C. 2001, 66, 7883-88.
2.2−Me−4−OHC6H3CO2H
WO85/03701
3.3−Et−2−OHC6H3CO2H及び5−Et−2−OHC6H3CO2H
J. Med. Chem. (1971), 14(3), 265.
4.4−Et−2−OHC6H3CO2H
Yaoxue Xuebao (1998), 33(1), 67-71.
5.2−Et−6−OHC6H3CO2H及び2−n−Pr−6−OHC6H3CO2H
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 1 (1979), (8), 2069-78.
6.2−Et−3−OHC6H3CO2H
特開平10−087489 及び WO96/28423
7.4−Et−3−OHC6H3CO2H
J.O.C. 2001, 66, 7883-88.
WO95/04046
8.2−Et−5−OHC6H3CO2H
J.A.C.S (1974), 96(7), 2121-9.
9.2−Et−4−OHC6H3CO2H及び3−Et−4−OHC6H3CO2H
特開平04−282345
10.3−n−Pr−2−OHC6H3CO2H
J.O.C (1991), 56(14), 4525-29.
11.4−n−Pr−2−OHC6H3CO2H
EP279630.
12.5−n−Pr−2−OHC6H3CO2H
J. Med. Chem (1981), 24(10), 1245-49.
13.2−n−Pr−3−OHC6H3CO2H
WO95/09843及びWO96/28423
14.4−n−Pr−3−OHC6H3CO2H
WO95/04046
15. 2−n−Pr−5−OHC6H3CO2H
エチルアルファホルミル吉草酸を使用するJ.A.C.S (1974), 96(7), 2121-9の合成を適用。
16.3−n−Pr−4−OHC6H3CO2H
Polymer (1991), 32(11) 2096-105.
17.2−n−Pr−4−OHC6H3CO2H
2−エチルアクロレイン及び2−プロピルアクロレインを使用するJ.O.C. 2001, 66, 7883-88の合成を適用。
Br-(CH2)p-CO2R4
かかるカップリング反応における通常の条件をステップ(s)の反応を行うのに使用してもよい。
本発明は、インスリン抵抗性症候群、糖尿病(I型糖尿病又はII型糖尿病等の1次性本態性糖尿病及び2次性非本態性糖尿病)及び多嚢胞性卵巣症候群からなる群より選択される疾患を有する哺乳類の対象を治療する方法であって、前記対象に疾患を治療するために有効であると本明細書中に記載された量の生物活性物質を投与することを含む方法を提供している。本発明の方法にしたがって、糖尿病の症状又は、アテローム性動脈硬化、肥満、高血圧、脂質異常症、脂肪肝疾患、腎症、神経障害、網膜症、足潰瘍又は白内障等、それぞれ糖尿病と併発している糖尿病の症状を発症する危険性を低減させることができる。本発明は、また疾患を治療するために有効であると本明細書中に記載された量の生物活性物質を対象に投与することを含む、脂質異常症を治療する方法も提供する。化合物は、脂質異常症の動物の血清トリグリセリド及び遊離脂肪酸を低減する。本発明は、悪質液を治療するために有効であると本明細書中に記載された量の生物活性物質を対象に投与することを含む、悪質液を治療する方法も提供する。本発明は、疾患を治療するために有効であると本明細書中に記載された量の生物活性物質を対象に投与することを含む、肥満を治療する方法も提供する。
I型糖尿病患者は、初期は1日当たり1回から数回の用量のインスリンを自己投与して、かつインスリン投与の用量と投与時期を適切に調整するために血糖値を頻繁に管理して疾患を処置する。慢性高血糖は、腎症、神経障害、網膜症、足潰瘍、及び早死等の合併を導く。過剰なインスリンの用量は、認知機能障害又は認知的無意識を起こす場合がある。I型糖尿病の患者は、錠剤又はカプセル状の本発明の活性物質を一日当たり1〜400mgを単回投与又は分割投与して治療される。予想される効果は、許容範囲内の血糖値を維持するためのインスリン用量若しくは投与頻度の低減、及び高血糖による事象の発症率と重症度の低減である。臨床転帰は、血糖値と糖化ヘモグロビン(数ヶ月間にわたる血糖管理の適正の指標)の測定、さらに典型的な糖尿病の合併症の発症率及び重症度の低減によってモニタリングされる。本発明の生物活性物質は、膵島移植の抗糖尿病作用を維持するために、膵島移植と併せて投与することができる。
典型的なII型糖尿病患者(NIDDM)は、食事及び運動の管理と、メトホルミン、グリブリド、レパグリニド、ロシグリダゾン、又はアカルボース等の薬剤を摂取して疾患を処置する。かかる薬剤は、患者によっては血糖管理を改善するが、どの薬剤も副作用や疾患の進行による最終的な治療の失敗がない訳ではない。膵島の衰弱は、NIDDM患者において徐々に起こり、大多数の患者でインスリン注射の必要性が生じる。本発明の活性物質による毎日の治療は(抗糖尿病薬剤の追加の有無によらず)、血糖管理を改善し、膵島の衰弱率を低減し、典型的な糖尿病の症状の発症及び重症度を低減すると予想される。さらに、本発明の活性物質は、上昇した血清トリグリセリド及び脂肪酸を低減し、糖尿病患者の主要な死因である心血管疾患のリスクを低減する。他の糖尿病の全ての治療薬のように、用量の最適化は、必要に応じて、臨床結果、及び副作用の影響に応じ個々の患者に対して行われる。
多くの人々で血液中のトリグリセリド及び遊離脂肪酸のレベルが上昇しており、これはアテローム性動脈硬化及び心筋梗塞の重要な危険因子である。本発明の活性物質は、脂質異常症の患者で循環するトリグリセリド及び遊離脂肪酸を低減するために有用である。脂質異常症患者は、しばしば血中コレステロール値が高く、心血管疾患のリスクが高くなる。HMG−CoA還元酵素阻害剤(『スタチン』)等のコレステロール低下剤は、任意で同一の医薬組成物に組み込んで、本発明の物質に加えて脂質異常症の患者に投与することができる。
多くの人々が、非アルコール性脂肪肝(NASH)としても知られる脂肪肝疾患に罹患している。NASHはしばしば肥満及び糖尿病と併発している。肝細胞にトリグリセリド滴が存在する脂肪肝変性は、肝臓に慢性的な炎症を起こし(炎症性白血球の浸潤等の生検標本において検出)、線維症及び肝硬変に至ることがある。脂肪肝疾患は、通常肝細胞傷害の指標として有用なトランスアミナーゼALT及びAST等の肝臓特異的酵素において観察される血清値の上昇、及び肝臓領域における疲労及び痛みを含む症状によって検出されるが、最終的な診断には、しばしば生検が必要となる。予想される利点は、肝臓の炎症及び脂肪含量の低減であり、その結果線維症及び肝硬変に至るNASHの進行の遅延、停止又は逆行が起きる。
本発明は、本明細書中に記載される生物活性物質と薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物を提供する。本発明の医薬組成物のさらなる態様には、上記の生物活性物質のいずれかの態様を含む。不必要な冗長を避けるために、かかる物質及び物質の群は繰り返さないが、繰り返されていると同様に、医薬組成物の記載に組み込まれる。
ステップA:2,6―ジメチル安息香酸クロリドの調製
2,6−ジメチル安息香酸(15g、99.88mmol)を無水CH2Cl2(20ml)に0℃にて加え、その後アルゴン下で塩化オキサリル(CH2Cl2中2M,14.14g)を滴下した。反応混合物は、同じ温度で30分間攪拌し、その後1時間室温に昇温し、濃縮し、精製せずに使用した。
無水CH2Cl2 (50ml)に3’−ヒドロキシアセトフェノン(4.84g, 35.5mmol)を攪拌した溶液に、室温でピリジン(25ml)を加え、その後2,6−ジメチル安息香酸クロリド(ステップA、6g、35mmol)の無水CH2Cl2(10 ml)溶液をアルゴン下で加えた。反応混合物を16時間攪拌し、減圧下で濃縮し、CH2Cl2で希釈し、1MのHCl、水、生理食塩水で洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濃縮し、酢酸エチル:ヘキサン(1:2)で溶出したフラッシュクロマトグラフィーを用いて精製し、表題化合物を得た。
1H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): 2.5 (s, 6H); 2.6 (s, 3H); 7.1 (m, 2H); 7.25 (m, 1H); 7.4-7.6 (m, 2H); 7.8-7.9 (m, 2H).
乾燥THF(50ml)及びDMPU(17ml)中の3−アセチルフェニル2,6−ジメチル安息香酸(ステップB、2.90g、10.8mmol) に、アルゴン下で−65℃にてリチウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミド(1.0M、11.89 ml)を加えた。−65℃で10分攪拌した後、ブロモ酢酸ベンジル(3.72g、16.24mmol)を素早く加えた。反応混合物をさらに10分間攪拌し、その後4時間室温に昇温した。粗混合物を酢酸エチルに取り出し、水及び生理食塩水で洗浄した。水層をさらに1回酢酸エチルで抽出した。組み合わさった有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、濃縮し、シリカゲルカラム(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル、4:1)でフラッシュクロマトグラフィーを行い精製し、表題化合物を得た。
1H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): 2.45 (s, 6H); 2.7 (t, 2H); 3.4 (t, 2H); 5.15 (s, 2H); 7.1 (m, 2H); 7.35-7.45 (m, 6H); 7.5-7.6 (m, 2H); 7.8-7.9 (m, 2H).
攪拌した3−(4−(ベンゾイルオキシ)−4−オキソブタノイル)フェニル2,6−ジメチル安息香酸(ステップC、2.75g、6.6mmol)の酢酸エチル溶液に、Pd−C(5%、230g)をアルゴン下で加えた。出発物質は、H2atmで14時間水素化し、セライトパッドで濾過した。濾液を濃縮し、シリカゲルカラム(クロロフォルム:メタノール、92.5:7.5、酢酸と混合)でフラッシュクロマトグラフィーを行い精製し、表題化合物を得た。
1H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3): 2.45 (s, 6H); 2.85 (t, 2H); 3.4 (t, 2H); 7.1 (m, 2H); 7.35 (m, 1H); 7.45-7.6 (m, 2H); 7.8-7.9.5 (m, 2H).
db/dbマウスは、レプチンシグナリングに欠陥があり、過食症、肥満及び糖尿病につながる。さらに、C57BL/6Jバックグラウンドを持つob/obマウスと異なり、C57BLKSバックグラウンドのdb/dbマウスは、インスリンを産生する膵島細胞が欠損し、その結果、高インスリン血症(末梢インスリン抵抗性と合併)から低インスリン性糖尿病へと進行する。
Claims (15)
- 以下の式の化合物又は該化合物の薬学的に許容される塩。
R1は、水素、又は1〜3個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、
R2は、水素であり、
Aは、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルキルにより2位及び6位の各々で置換されたフェニルである) - Aが、2,6−ジメチルフェニルである、請求項1に記載の化合物又は塩。
- 化合物が、4−(3−(2,6−ジメチルベンゾイルオキシ)フェニル)−4−オキソブタン酸である、請求項1又は2に記載の化合物又は塩。
- インスリン抵抗性症候群、糖尿病、及び脂質異常症からなる群より選択される疾患を有する哺乳類対象を治療する治療剤であって、
以下の式の化合物又は該化合物の薬学的に許容される塩である治療剤。
R1は、水素、又は1〜3個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、
R2は、水素であり、
Aは、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルキルにより2位及び6位の各々で置換されたフェニルである) - Aが、2,6−ジメチルフェニルである、請求項4に記載の治療剤。
- 化合物が、4−(3−(2,6−ジメチルベンゾイルオキシ)フェニル)−4−オキソブタン酸である、請求項4又は5のいずれかに記載の治療剤。
- 対象がヒトである、請求項4〜6のいずれかに記載の治療剤。
- 1日当たり1ミリグラム〜400ミリグラムの量での経口投与に適した、請求項7に記載の治療剤。
- 疾患が、インスリン抵抗性症候群又はII型糖尿病である、請求項4〜8のいずれかに記載の治療剤。
- 薬学的に許容される担体と、1ミリグラム〜400ミリグラムの生物活性物質とを含む、経口投与に適した医薬組成物であって、
前記物質が、以下の式の化合物又は該化合物の薬学的に許容される塩である、医薬組成物。
R1は、水素、又は1〜3個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、
R2は、水素であり、
Aは、1又は2個の炭素原子を有するアルキルにより2位及び6位の各々で置換されたフェニルである) - Aが、2,6−ジメチルフェニルである、請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 化合物が、4−(3−(2,6−ジメチルベンゾイルオキシ)フェニル)−4−オキソブタン酸である、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口ユニット剤形である、請求項10〜12のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- インスリン抵抗性症候群、糖尿病、及び脂質異常症からなる群より選択される疾患の治療に使用される、請求項10〜13のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 疾患が、インスリン抵抗性症候群又はII型糖尿病である、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
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PCT/US2009/030845 WO2009091732A1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2009-01-13 | Compounds for the treatment of metabolic disorders |
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US3772389A (en) * | 1971-06-24 | 1973-11-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for the synthesis of phenyl esters |
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JP2854406B2 (ja) | 1990-09-28 | 1999-02-03 | 昭和電工株式会社 | βーケトカルボン酸誘導体 |
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