JP5492424B2 - 有機ラジカル化合物、それを用いた有機デバイス - Google Patents
有機ラジカル化合物、それを用いた有機デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5492424B2 JP5492424B2 JP2009031925A JP2009031925A JP5492424B2 JP 5492424 B2 JP5492424 B2 JP 5492424B2 JP 2009031925 A JP2009031925 A JP 2009031925A JP 2009031925 A JP2009031925 A JP 2009031925A JP 5492424 B2 JP5492424 B2 JP 5492424B2
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- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLFIGGHWWPSIEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoxyl Chemical class [O]N YLFIGGHWWPSIEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002078 anthracen-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000748 anthracen-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003934 aromatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 460 Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 6 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 VBVAVBCYMYWNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004775 coumarins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DWCLXOREGBLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmdnb Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)[N+]([O-])=O DWCLXOREGBLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium lithium Chemical compound [Li].[In] LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOZVYCYMTUWJHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+) pyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ir+3].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 AOZVYCYMTUWJHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FQHFBFXXYOQXMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 FQHFBFXXYOQXMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical group O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004880 oxines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLRICFVOGGIMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-1-yloxyboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)ON1C=CC=N1 VLRICFVOGGIMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazin-4-amine Chemical group N=C1C=CN=NN1 QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001392 ultraviolet--visible--near infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
で保護層(封止層)を設けたり、不活性物質中に素子を封入して保護することができる。
不活性物質としては、パラフィン、シリコンオイル、フルオロカーボン等が挙げられる。
保護層に使用する材料としては、フッ素樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ポリエス
テル、ポリカーボネート、光硬化性樹脂等が挙げられる。
(1)N,N−bis(4−methoxyphenyl)aniline(DMTPA)の合成
(スルフェイト塩の合成)
18時間後、不溶物を吸引ろ過で取り除き、エタノールで洗浄した。ろ液を20wt%硫酸エタノールでpHが1〜2程度になるまでpH調整を行った。これを冷凍庫で冷却し、固体を析出させた。析出した固体をろ過乾燥させ、エタノール/水(50%)から再結晶することにより目的物を白色固体で得た。14.47g(65.3%)
DIMTPAをジクロロメタンに溶解させ、窒素雰囲気下、K2CO3水溶液を加え5分間攪拌した。NaIO4をイオン交換水に溶解させたものを反応溶液に滴下し、攪拌する。ジクロロメタンで抽出、イオン交換水で洗浄した後、有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。減圧下、溶媒を留去した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(トリエチルアミン処理シリカゲル、ジクロロメタン:ヘキサン=2:1)と再結晶(メタノール:ジクロロメタン=5:1)にて精製し赤色針状結晶を得た。詳細を表4に記す。目的物はMass(図1)、元素分析、ESR測定(図2)により同定した。
ESR測定はJEOL社製ESR測定装置FR−30を用いた(標準試料:4−ヒドロキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン−1−オキシル(TEMPOL)、溶媒:トルエン、マイクロ周波数9.5GHz、マイクロ波パワー4mW、磁場変調幅0.1mTの条件下、測定時間1分、25℃で測定した)。
TEMPOLとのスペクトル面積比からラジカル純度を計算した。ESRでは二つの非等価な窒素核による分裂を示した。この分裂パターンからIN−TPAの生成を確認した。また、元素分析結果を表5に記す。
得られた有機ラジカル化合物NN−TPAとIN−TPAの熱安定性を検討するために熱重量測定を行った。測定はSII製TG/DTA6200を用い、窒素気流下(200mL/min),昇温速度10℃/minで測定した。その結果NN−TPAは186℃付近において酸素の脱離に相当する重量減少が確認された(図5)。一方IN−TPAにおいてはNN−TPAに見られた急激な重量減少は観測されず、緩やかな重量減少が観測された(図6)。
得られた有機ラジカル化合物NN−TPAとIN−TPAの昇華性を検討するため、真空TGA測定(真空度:5×10−6torr)を行った。まず、NN−TPA、IN−TPAそれぞれの真空TGAを測定し、重量減少開始温度を求めた。続いて各材料を真空TGA(真空度:5×10−6torr)中で各々の重量減少開始温度で16時間保持し、昇華した物質のMassおよびESRを測定した。その結果、NN−TPAはMassスペクトルにおいてOH基が脱離したピークが観測され(図7)、ESRにおいてはピーク面積強度が弱くなりIN−TPAと同様のピークの形状が観測された(図8)。一方、IN−TPAではESRにおいてピーク面積強度に変化がなく同様のスペクトルを与えた(図9)ことから、IN−TPAはラジカルを保持したまま昇華可能であることが分かった。
昇華前(1.0×10−5mol/Lジクロロメタン溶液)と昇華後(蒸着膜、石英基板、膜厚100nm)のIN−TPAのUV−visスペクトルを測定した。測定はSHIMADZU製UV−3150 UV−VIS−NIR spectrophotometerを用いた。その結果、2つのスペクトルはまったく一致した。このことから、電子状態を変化させずに有機ラジカル分子を蒸着法で製膜できることを確認した(図10)。
理研計器製、光電子分光装置(AC−3)を用いてIN−TPA蒸着膜(ガラス基板、膜厚100nm)のイオン化ポテンシャル(IP)を測定したところ、IPは5.46eVと見積もった(図11)。
比較例1としてα―NPD/Alq3素子を、実施例6としてIN−TPAをα―NPDとAlq3の界面に挿入した素子を作成し評価した。素子の構成を下記に記す。
素子の構成
比較例1:[ITO/NPD(40nm)/Alq3(60nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(100nm)]
実施例6:[ITO/NPD(38nm)/IN−TPA(2nm)/Alq3(60nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(100nm)]
これらの素子の
エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)スペクトルは図12に、
輝度−電圧特性は図13、14に
電流密度−電圧特性は図15、16に、
それぞれ示す。また、素子特性を表8にまとめた。
2 陽極(ITO)
3 発光層
4 陰極
5 正孔輸送層
6 電子輸送層
7 正孔注入層
8 電子注入層
9 正孔ブロック層
Claims (6)
- 請求項1に記載の有機ラジカル化合物を含有する有機層を有する有機デバイスであって、前記有機層の製膜方法が真空蒸着法、イオン化蒸着法、スパッタリング法、プラズマ法のいずれかであることを特徴とする有機デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載の有機ラジカル化合物を含有する有機層を有する有機デバイスであって、前記有機層の製膜方法が真空蒸着法、イオン化蒸着法、スパッタリング法、プラズマ法のいずれかであることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1に記載の有機ラジカル化合物を含有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1に記載の有機ラジカル化合物を正孔輸送材料として用いる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1に記載の有機ラジカル化合物を正孔注入材料として用いる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
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