JP5477452B1 - Post heat treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A post heat treatment apparatus capable of effectively reducing residual stress in a welded portion of a rail is provided.
A post heat treatment apparatus 10 for a welded rail X, which is arranged at a distance of 20 mm or more and 300 mm or less from a welding center X2 of the rail X in a length direction, and induces heating at least a column part X5 of the rail X. A heating coil 11 is provided. The number of turns of the induction heating coil 11 is preferably 2 or more, or the number of places of the induction heating coil 11 on one side of the welding center X2 is preferably 2 or more.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a post heat treatment apparatus for welded rails.

In order to reduce the generation of noise, vibration, etc., and to reduce maintenance costs, a technique of welding rail joints to make a long rail is becoming common. Here, first, names of the respective parts of the rail will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the length direction of the welded rail X, and FIG. 5B is a partial side view thereof. The rail X is formed by welding at least two rails as materials to be welded between end faces, and has a welded portion X1. The welded portion X1 includes a weld center X2 that is a portion where the end surfaces of the rail before welding, which is the workpiece, are in contact with each other. In addition, the rail X is located at the top, the head X3 where contact with the wheel occurs, the foot X4 located below and contacting the sleepers, and the head X3 and the foot X4 are provided vertically, A column portion X5 that connects the head portion X3 and the foot portion X4 is provided. The upper end of the column part X5 is an intersection A of the extension lines of the pair (both sides) of the lower surface in the head X3, and the lower end of the column part X5 is the intersection B of the extension lines of the pair (both sides) of the upper surface of the foot part X4. And

In the welded part X1 of the rail X, fatigue cracks may be generated in the horizontal direction in the column part X5 or starting from the column part X5 due to repeated passage of vehicles such as a heavy load freight vehicle. . This fatigue crack is affected by a strong tensile residual stress in the vertical direction (circumferential direction) generated in the column portion X5 in the welded portion X1. Further, this tensile residual stress is caused by a temperature gradient between the welded portion X1 and its periphery during welding.

As a means for reducing such residual stress and improving the durability of the welded portion of the rail, a method of locally heating a portion separated by a predetermined distance in the length direction from the center of the welded portion to 500 to 1000 ° C. is proposed. (See Patent Document 1). In the vicinity of the welded portion, compressive residual stress is generated contrary to the welded portion, and by heating the portion away from the welded portion in this way, the unevenly distributed residual stress is redistributed and the welded portion is redistributed. The tensile residual stress of is reduced. As another method, a method in which the welded portion of the heated rail is cooled with high-pressure gas or water-containing gas until the pearlite transformation is completed, and then rapidly cooled is proposed (see Patent Document 2). This method reduces residual stress by controlling the cooling process.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-337819 JP 59-093838 A

According to each of these methods, the corresponding residual stress can be reduced. However, in order to further improve the durability of the rail, means for further reducing the residual stress is required.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a post heat treatment apparatus that can effectively reduce the residual stress in the welded portion of the rail.

The present inventor found that when heated by a burner, the heating rate is slow, and for reducing residual stress, heating at a higher heating rate is more effective, and that the heating control is more effective than the cooling control. As a result, the present invention has been found to be effective in reducing the above.

That is, the post heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention that meets the above object is a post heat treatment apparatus for a welded rail,
An induction heating coil that heats at least the column part of the rail is disposed at a distance of 20 mm to 300 mm in the length direction from the welding center of the rail.

The induction heating coil has a high heating rate and can easily perform heating control. Therefore, according to the post-heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention, a region separated by a predetermined distance from the rail welding center by the induction heating coil can be heated at a high heating rate, and the residual stress existing in the welded portion of the welded rail is effectively reduced. Can be reduced.

In the post heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that the number of turns of the induction heating coil is two or more or the number of places of the induction heating coil on one side of the welding center is two or more. Here, the number of placement locations of the induction heating coil is the number of placement locations in the length direction of the rail. That is, it is assumed that the plurality of induction heating coils arranged at the same distance from the welding center are arranged at one place. Thus, by arranging two or more induction heating coils or two or more induction heating coils, the heating rate can be further increased, and the residual stress can be further reduced.

The post heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention preferably includes a plurality of the induction heating coils, and the plurality of induction heating coils are disposed on both sides of the welding center. By arranging the induction heating coils on both sides of the welding center in this way, both regions sandwiching the welding center can be heated at the same time, so that the residual stress can be further reduced and the post heat treatment time can be reduced. It can be shortened.

According to the post heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the residual stress in the welded portion of the rail can be effectively reduced.

(A) is a typical sectional view of the post heat treatment apparatus concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is the typical side view. (A), (B) is the schematic diagram which shows in order the mechanism in which a residual stress reduces by the post-heat processing apparatus. (A) is a typical sectional view of a post-heat treatment apparatus concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is the typical side view. (A) is a typical sectional view of a post-heat treatment apparatus concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is the typical side view. (A) is sectional drawing perpendicular | vertical to the length direction of the welded rail, (B) is the partial side view. 3 is a graph showing measurement results of residual stress of each rail in Example 1. FIG. 6 is a graph showing measurement results of residual stress of each rail in Example 2. It is explanatory drawing of the symbol in the graph shown in FIG.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

<First Embodiment>
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a post heat treatment apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a post heat treatment apparatus of a welded rail X, and includes four induction heating coils 11 and A high frequency power supply (not shown) is provided.

(rail)
Here, the rail X, which is a post-heat treatment product, will be described first. The rail X has a general shape and includes the head X3, the foot X4, and the pillar X5 described above. As the rail steel forming the rail X, hypoeutectoid steel, eutectoid carbon steel, hypereutectoid carbon steel having a carbon content of about 0.6 to 1.0% by mass can be used. Hypereutectoid carbon steel (for example, carbon content of 0.85 to 1.0 mass%) has high wear resistance but has low toughness and tends to cause fatigue cracks. Therefore, when the post heat treatment apparatus 10 is used for a rail formed of hypereutectoid carbon steel, the function of reducing residual stress can be more effectively exhibited.

As for the rail X, the end surfaces of each rail before welding are welded. The end surfaces are in contact with each other and a welded portion is defined as a welding center X2. This welding method is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a known method such as flash butt welding, gas pressure welding, enclosed arc welding, and thermite welding. In flash butt welding, a voltage is applied to the oppositely installed rails (materials to be welded) via electrodes, an arc is generated between the end surfaces to melt the end surfaces of the rails, and the rails are pressed in the length direction. This is a welding method for joining rails. Gas pressure welding is a method in which the end faces are heated by a burner from the side face and pressed at a high temperature in a state where the end faces are brought into contact with each other and pressurized. Enclosed arc welding is a method in which end faces are arranged to face each other with a gap of about 10 to 20 mm, the gap is surrounded by a metal pad, and welding is performed using a welding rod. In thermite welding, the end faces are arranged facing each other with a gap of about 20 to 30 mm, the gap portion is surrounded by a mold, and molten steel is generated by the reaction between aluminum and iron oxide in a crucible arranged at the top of the mold. This is a method in which molten steel is poured into a mold and the end face is melted and welded.

Among the welding methods described above, flash butt welding increases the temperature gradient between the welded portion X1 and its peripheral portion, and as a result, the occurrence of vertical residual stress in the rail column X5 becomes significant. Therefore, when the post heat treatment apparatus 10 is used for rails joined by flash butt welding, the function of reducing residual stress can be more effectively exhibited.

In addition, the HAZ (heat affected zone) width of the welded portion X1 of the rail X is not particularly limited, but the post heat treatment apparatus 10 can be suitably applied to a rail having a width of 5 mm to 150 mm, for example.

(Induction heating coil)
The induction heating coil 11 heats at least the column part X5 of the rail X, and a known one can be used. Here, the plurality of induction heating coils 11 are all the same, but may be different. As the induction heating coil 11, for example, a copper coil can be used, and a pipe-shaped coil such as a copper pipe can also be used. In the case of a pipe-shaped coil, the temperature rise of the coil itself or other portions can be suppressed by using the coil while passing cooling water through the coil.

The shape of the induction heating coil 11 is not particularly limited, but the shape of the coil viewed in the axial direction may be, for example, a circle, an ellipse, a substantially square, or other polygons. Among these, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a substantially rectangular shape is preferable because the column portion X5 of the rail X can be efficiently heated. In addition, the induction heating coil 11 may be spiral or spiral when it has two or more turns.

What is necessary is just to set the size of the induction heating coil 11 suitably according to the size of the rail X, etc. FIG. For example, in the case of a coil whose shape viewed in the axial direction is a circle, an ellipse, or a substantially square shape, the outer diameter or the side length in the shape viewed in the axial direction can be about 20 to 150 mm. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the metal wire or metal pipe forming the induction heating coil 11 is not particularly limited, such as a circle, an ellipse, or a substantially square. The outer diameter or long side length of the metal wire or metal pipe can be about 5 mm to 40 mm.

The number of turns of the induction heating coil 11 is not particularly limited, and may be one or more, preferably two or more. By setting it as 2 or more turns, a heating rate can be raised and a residual stress can be reduced more effectively. Note that the upper limit of the number of turns is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 5 turns.

(Induction heating coil location)
In the post heat treatment apparatus 10, the induction heating coil 11 is disposed at a predetermined distance from the welding center X <b> 2 of the rail X in the length direction when used. The distance C between the welding center X2 and each induction heating coil 11 (the shortest distance from the welding center X2 to each induction heating coil 11) is 20 mm or more and 300 mm or less, preferably 30 mm or more, and more preferably 50 mm or more. As described above, in the rail X before the post heat treatment, the tensile residual stress exists in the welded portion X1 centering on the weld center X2, and the compressive residual stress exists around the welded portion X1. Thus, by arranging the induction heating coil 11 at a predetermined distance C in this way, the periphery of the weld X1 can be appropriately heated during post-heat treatment (heating), and the residual residue that has been unevenly distributed The redistribution of stress can effectively reduce the tensile residual stress existing in the weld. In addition, in the post-heat treatment apparatus 10, the number of arrangement places of the induction heating coil 11 on one side of the welding center X2 is one (position of the distance C).

A mechanism for reducing the residual stress will be described with reference to FIGS. By heating the peripheral portion X6 that is the periphery of the welded portion X1, the peripheral portion X6 generates an expansion strain Et1 at least in the vertical direction due to the temperature rise (FIG. 2A). Due to the expansion strain Et1, a tensile stress Sq1 is generated in the vertical direction in the weld X1. On the other hand, since the yield point of the peripheral portion X6 decreases as the temperature rises, compressive plastic deformation occurs, and the tensile stress Sq1 starts to decrease during the temperature rise (heating). Next, in the cooling process after heating, as the temperature of the peripheral portion X6 decreases, shrinkage strain Et2 is generated in the peripheral portion X6 in the vertical direction (FIG. 2B). Due to the shrinkage strain Et2, a compressive stress Sq2 is generated in the weld X1, and the tensile residual stress of the weld X1 is reduced.

When the distance C is less than 20 mm, during post-heat treatment (heating), the temperature rise of the weld X1 where the tensile residual stress exists increases, and the expansion and contraction of the weld X1 increase. In this case, the compressive stress Sq2 applied to the welded portion X1 is reduced by the shrinkage strain Et2 of the peripheral portion X6, so that the tensile residual stress cannot be effectively reduced. On the other hand, when the distance C exceeds 300 mm, the portion where the residual stress exists (welded portion X1) is greatly removed and heated, and the influence of the shrinkage strain Et2 hardly acts on the welded portion X1, and the compressive stress Sq2 is Since it becomes small, the tensile residual stress of the welding part X1 cannot be reduced effectively.

The four induction heating coils 11 are arranged on both sides of the rail X with the welding center X2 interposed therebetween so as to sandwich the column portion X5. That is, a pair of induction heating coils 11 are arranged on each side of the welding center X2. At this time, the induction heating coil 11 and the column part X5 are arranged in a non-contact state (slightly separated) and the axial direction of the induction heating coil 11 is perpendicular to the surface of the column part X5. Moreover, each induction heating coil 11 is arrange | positioned in the substantially intermediate | middle height of the column part X5. By arranging in this way, when an alternating current is passed through the induction heating coil 11, an alternating magnetic flux is generated between the pair of induction heating coils 11 sandwiching the column portion X5, and the column portion X5 can be effectively heated. .

Each induction heating coil 11 is preferably arranged equidistantly (symmetrically) with respect to the welding center X2. By doing in this way, it can heat equally on both sides of welding center X2, redistribution of residual stress is performed more effectively, and as a result, residual stress in welding part X1 can be reduced more.

(High frequency power supply)
The high frequency power source is electrically connected to each induction heating coil 11 and allows a high frequency current to flow through each induction heating coil 11. The high-frequency power source is not particularly limited as long as it generates a high-frequency current having a predetermined frequency, and a known type such as a transistor type, a thyristor type, or an electron tube type can be used.

Each induction heating coil 11 and the high frequency power source may be connected in parallel so that the frequency and direction of the current flowing through each induction heating coil 11 can be individually controlled, or four induction heating coils 11 are connected in series. May be. In addition, it is preferable that the two pairs of induction heating coils 11 that face each other via the column part X5 are connected so that current flows in the same direction (so that an alternating magnetic flux in the same direction is generated).

(Other configurations)
The post heat treatment apparatus 10 can further include means for fixing and moving the position of the induction heating coil 11, means for measuring the temperature of the part to be heated (for example, a thermocouple, a radiation thermometer, etc.), and the like.

The fixing and position moving means is not particularly limited as long as each induction heating coil 11 can be fixed and moved. As this fixing and position moving means, it is preferable that each induction heating coil 11 is configured to be movable in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction (vertical direction) of the rail X. By doing in this way, heating of an appropriate position can be performed according to the size of the rail X, the welding method, or the like.

(Usage method of post heat treatment apparatus 10)
Next, a method for using the post heat treatment apparatus 10 will be described. As described above, the induction heating coil 11 of the post heat treatment apparatus 10 is arranged at a predetermined position with respect to the welded rail X. In this arrangement, the induction heating coil 11 may be moved with respect to the fixed rail X, or the rail X may be moved with respect to the fixed post-heat treatment apparatus 10. In the latter case, for example, in factory welding, the post-heat treatment apparatus 10 is disposed on the downstream side of the welding apparatus, so that the rail X can be continuously moved and disposed at a desired position.

After the induction heating coil 11 is disposed, the column portion X5 can be heated by induction heating as described above by passing an alternating current through the induction heating coil 11. At this time, an alternating current is passed through the two pairs of induction heating coils 11 opposed via the column part X5 so as to be in the same direction. By doing in this way, an alternating magnetic flux can be generated between a pair of induction heating coils 11.

The heating rate by the induction heating coil 11 is preferably 2.0 ° C./second or more, preferably 2.5 ° C./second or more, and more preferably 2.8 ° C./second or more. By performing heating at such a high heating rate, the temperature rise of the weld X1 can be suppressed and the residual stress can be sufficiently reduced. Note that the post heat treatment apparatus 10 can increase the heating rate by heating with the induction heating coil 11 in this way. The upper limit of the heating rate is, for example, about 5.0 ° C./second in consideration of the ability of the induction heating coil 11 and the like.

Heating by the induction heating coil 11 can be performed from room temperature to a heating temperature of 400 ° C. or more and 750 ° C. or less, for example. Here, let heating temperature be the highest temperature in the heated part. When heating temperature is less than 400 degreeC, there exists a possibility that the reduction effect of a residual stress may fall. Conversely, when the heating temperature exceeds 750 ° C., the heated part may be softened, which is not preferable. Thus, after heating from normal temperature to heating temperature, heating may be stopped and cooling may be performed by natural cooling. When the post heat treatment apparatus 10 is used, the residual stress can be sufficiently reduced only by heating control and without performing special cooling control.

As described above, according to the post-heat treatment apparatus 10, the induction heating coil 11 can heat the region separated from the welding center X2 of the rail X by a predetermined distance at a high heating rate, and is present in the welded portion X1 of the welded rail X. It is possible to effectively reduce the residual stress. In addition, heating with a burner makes it difficult to heat only a desired region in addition to a slow heating rate. That is, even when heating a region that is separated from the welding center X2 by a predetermined distance, the temperature at the welding center X2 also increases due to the flame hitting the welding center X2. On the other hand, since the induction heating coil 11 is excellent in controllability of the heating region, the post-heat treatment apparatus 10 also heats a desired region (a region separated by a predetermined distance from the welding center X2), while the welding center X2. Can be suppressed, and the residual stress can be effectively reduced. Moreover, since the post-heat treatment apparatus 10 arrange | positions the induction heating coil 11 on both sides on both sides of the welding center X2, it can heat two area | regions simultaneously. For this reason, the heating rate is increased and the redistribution of the residual stress is performed uniformly, so that the residual stress can be further reduced and the post heat treatment time can be shortened.

Furthermore, the post-heat treatment apparatus 10 is configured such that the induction heating coil 11 does not cover the entire circumference of the rail X and is disposed only on the left and right sides of the column part X5. Therefore, it can be easily arranged on the rail X to be post-heat treated, and can be suitably used not only for factory welding but also for post-heat treatment of welding at the site where the rail is installed.

<Second Embodiment>
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the post heat treatment apparatus 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is a post heat treatment apparatus of the welded rail X, and includes eight induction heating coils 21 and A high frequency power supply (not shown) is provided. The post-heat treatment apparatus 20 is the same as the post-heat treatment apparatus 10 in FIG. 1 except for the number of induction heating coils 21 and the arrangement location thereof.

The eight induction heating coils 21 are arranged on both sides of the rail X with the welding center X2 interposed therebetween so that a total of four pairs respectively sandwich the column portion X5. At this time, the induction heating coil 21 and the column part X5 are arranged in a non-contact state (slightly spaced apart) and the axial direction of the induction heating coil 21 is perpendicular to the surface of the column part X5. Further, the four induction heating coils 21 located on the same surface side with respect to the column part X5 are arranged in substantially the same straight line at a height substantially in the middle of the column part X5. That is, in the post-heat treatment apparatus 20, the plurality of induction heating coils 21 are arranged at two places on both sides of the welding center X2. The plurality of induction heating coils 21 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the welding center X2. In addition, the separation distance (C1 and C2) from the welding center X2 of each induction heating coil 21 is arrange | positioned in the range of 20 mm or more and 300 mm or less. Moreover, in the post-heat treatment apparatus 20, the number of arrangement places of the induction heating coil 21 on one side of the welding center X2 is two (position of distance C1 and position of distance C2).

The induction heating coils 21 are all the same, but may be different. For example, the size, number of turns, shape, etc. of each induction heating coil can be changed according to the distance from the welding center X2.

The post-heat treatment apparatus 20 includes eight induction heating coils 21. By using the induction heat coils 21 arranged in two places on both sides of the welding center X2, the heating rate can be further increased and the residual stress can be more effectively used. Can be reduced.

<Third Embodiment>
As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the post heat treatment apparatus 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is a post heat treatment apparatus of the welded rail X, and includes four induction heating coils 31a to 31a. 31d and a high frequency power source (not shown). The post heat treatment apparatus 30 is the same as the post heat treatment apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 except for the number and shape of the induction heating coils 31a to 31d.

Each induction heating coil 31 a to 31 d has a shape that covers the entire circumference of the rail X. Specifically, each induction heating coil 31a to 31d has a one-turn structure whose axial view is a substantially enlarged similar shape of the outer edge of the cross section of the rail X. The cross-sectional shape of the metal wire or metal pipe forming the induction heating coils 31a to 31d is not particularly limited, but is preferably a substantially square shape. Since the induction heating coils 31a to 31d are arranged so as to cover the rail X, when a metal wire or a metal pipe having a substantially square cross section is used, the distance from the inner surface of the induction heating coils 31a to 31d to the surface of the rail X is made uniform. can do. In this case, the magnetic flux density on the surface of the rail X becomes uniform, and heating is performed more evenly, which is effective.

In the post heat treatment apparatus 30, the induction heating coils 31 a to 31 d are arranged so as to cover the rail X. The separation distances (C3 and C4) between the welding center X2 and the induction heating coils 31a to 31d are arranged to be 20 mm or more and 300 mm or less. Moreover, in the post-heat treatment apparatus 30, the number of arrangement positions of the induction heating coils 31a to 31d on one side of the welding center X2 is two (position of distance C3 and position of distance C4).

Also in the post heat treatment apparatus 30, the rail X covered with the induction heating coils 31a to 31d is heated by induction heating by passing an alternating current through the induction heating coils 31a to 31d. At this time, in the post heat treatment apparatus 30, not only the column part X5 in the region separated from the welding center X2 by a distance (C3 and C4) but also the entire circumference of the rail X including the head part X3 and the foot part X4 is heated. The Rukoto. In this case, heating is performed over a wide range in the height direction of the column part X5, and a stronger compressive stress can be applied to the welded part X1 during cooling after heating. Therefore, according to the post heat treatment apparatus 30, the residual stress can be redistributed more effectively, and the tensile residual stress at the weld X1 can be further reduced. Further, when only the column part X5 is heated in the post heat treatment, for example, the residual stress in the length direction in the welded part X1 is tensile residual stress in the column part X5 and compressive residual stress in the head part X3 and the foot part X4. Although it occurs, the residual stress in the length direction can be reduced by heating the entire circumference in this way.

In the post-heat treatment apparatus 30, an alternating current can be passed in the same direction through the induction heating coil 31a and the induction heating coil 31b (the same applies to the induction heating coil 31c and the induction heating coil 31d) on the same side with respect to the welding center X2. preferable. By doing in this way, the two induction heating coils 31a and 31b are united, and an alternating magnetic flux is formed, and the area | region between each induction heating coil 31a and 31b can also be heated effectively. Moreover, it is preferable to flow an alternating current through the induction heating coils 31a and 31b and the induction heating coils 31c and 31d on the opposite side with respect to the welding center X2 in the opposite directions. By doing in this way, the alternating magnetic flux of a reverse direction is formed by the induction heating coils 31a and 31b and the induction heating coils 31c and 31d. In this case, since the density of the alternating magnetic flux generated in the welded part X1 located between the two induction heating coils 31b and 31c is reduced, the temperature rise of the welded part X1 can be suppressed.

<Other embodiments>
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the configuration thereof can be changed without changing the gist of the present invention. For example, the induction heating coil may be arranged only on one side of the welding center X2 of the rail X, or may be arranged only on one side of the column part X5 of the rail X. When the induction heating coil is configured to be disposed only on one side of the welding center X2 of the rail X, only one side of the welding center X2 may be heated, or both sides of the welding center X2 may be sequentially heated. Also good. The number of induction heating coils is not particularly limited, and may be one or more. In the case of a plurality of induction heating coils, they may be arranged asymmetrically with respect to the welding center X2. Moreover, you may have the induction heating coil which can be arrange | positioned so that the head part X3 or the leg | foot part X4 may be heated with the pillar part X5. In addition, when the induction heating coil has a shape covering the entire circumference of the rail X as in the post heat treatment apparatus 30 of FIG. 4, the shape thereof is, for example, an elliptical shape other than the substantially enlarged similar shape of the outer edge of the cross section of the rail X It can be a substantially square or the like.

Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to a following example. Moreover, the measurement was performed by the following method.

<Residual stress>
For the residual stress, a strain gauge was bonded to the measurement position, and this portion was cut into a plate thickness of 5 mm, a length of 15 mm, and a width of 15 mm, and the residual stress was calculated from the amount of change in strain.

[Example 1]
A pair of induction heating coils each having a substantially rectangular shape with a short side of 50 mm and a long side of 70 mm were connected to a high frequency power source to form a post-heat treatment apparatus A that performs spot heating. Further, a post-heat treatment apparatus B that performs one-side heating by connecting one induction heating coil of two turns having a substantially enlarged similar shape with a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the length direction of the rail to a high-frequency power source was obtained. In addition, the induction heating coil of the post-heat treatment apparatus B was formed from a substantially strip-shaped copper pipe having a substantially rectangular cross section (20 mm × 10 mm). These post heat treatment apparatuses A and B were provided with means for moving and fixing the induction heating coil to a predetermined position.

A long rail having a HAZ width of 15 mm welded by flash butt welding and a HAZ width of 100 mm welded by thermite welding by IH heating (post heat) using post heat treatment apparatuses A and B, and gas heating (post heat) as a comparative example. The long rail was post-heat treated under the following conditions (only one side was heated from the welding center). In addition, the rail used the rail formed from hypereutectoid carbon steel (it is the same also in a following example). In addition, it was naturally cooled after heating.

-HAZ width of welded part: 2 types of 15 mm and 100 mm-Residual stress as welded: 250 MPa (HAZ width 100 mm), 500 MPA (HAZ width 15 mm)
Coil arrangement position in the case of spot heating: The long side (70 mm) is the height direction, the short side (50 mm) is the length direction, and the column part is arranged so that the center height of the column part and the middle position of the long side coincide. Arranged opposite each other.
-Distance from welding center to heating position: Varyed between 10 mm and 400 mm.
・ Heating temperature: Heated from room temperature to 700 ℃ ・ Heating rate: 2.5 ℃ / s, 3.0 ℃ / s
-Number of coil arrangements: One on one side of welding center-Induction heating device output (per pair for spot heating, per coil for full circumference heating): When heating rate is 2.5 ° C / s In the case of 100 kW and a heating rate of 3.0 ° C./s, it exceeds 100 kW. Induction heating device frequency: 30 kHz
・ Gas heating use gas: Propane-air mixed gas

The residual stress in the height direction of the column in the weld after post-heat treatment was measured. FIG. 6 shows the ratio of the residual stress after the post heat treatment to the residual stress as welded (without post heat treatment).

As shown in FIG. 6, when the distance from the welding center to the heating position increases, the residual stress in the welded portion decreases. However, the effect tends to decrease as the distance increases. In addition, in the gas heating, the flame was also applied to the welded portion, and it was difficult for the temperature difference to occur and the residual stress was difficult to decrease.

Further, when the heating rate is slow, the temperature of the heated portion is transmitted to the welded portion, and expansion and contraction distortion is likely to occur in the welded portion similarly to the heated portion, and the compressive stress applied to the welded portion is reduced during cooling. As a result, the residual stress reduction effect is reduced. The induction heating device (IH) can increase the heating rate to 3.0 ° C./s or higher by increasing the output. When the heating rate is increased, the heat transfer to the welded portion is reduced, and the temperature difference between the heated portion and the welded portion is increased, so that the residual stress can be effectively reduced. On the other hand, the heating rate of gas heating is limited to about 2.5 ° C./s even in the case of a mixed gas using oxygen as a combustion gas.

Further, the entire circumference heating is performed over a wider range in the height direction of the column portion than the spot heating, and as a result, a stronger compressive stress can be applied during cooling. For this reason, a residual stress can be reduced more.

Thus, in the case of after-gas heat, the residual stress of about 75% remains even in the most preferable result, whereas in the case of post-IH heat, the residual stress can be reduced to about 40%. On the other hand, in the cooling control of the weld described in Patent Document 2 (after heating the weld to 900 ° C., accelerated cooling to 570 ° C. with compressed air, and then water cooling), the reduction of residual stress was about 75%.

[Example 2]
As shown in FIG. 8, each post heat treatment apparatus in which the induction heating coils are changed from one to two to six pairs in the post heat treatment apparatus A, and each induction heat coil is changed from one to two to six in the post heat treatment apparatus B. Prepared. Using each of these post heat treatment apparatuses, the long rail welded by flash butt welding was subjected to post heat treatment by heating only on one side with respect to the welding center or heating on both sides with respect to the welding center. When heating on both sides, spot heating was performed on one side and on both sides simultaneously, and all-around heating was performed in the forward direction and the reverse direction with the current across the welding center. The heating conditions are as follows. In addition, it was naturally cooled after heating.

・ HAZ width of welded part: 15mm
-Residual stress as welded: 500MPA
Coil arrangement position in the case of spot heating: The long side (70 mm) is the height direction, the short side (50 mm) is the length direction, and the column part is arranged so that the center height of the column part and the middle position of the long side coincide. Arranged opposite each other.
-Coil placement position for all-round heating: 50 mm wide in the length direction and the entire circumference- Distance from the welding center to the heating position: 50 mm
・ Heating temperature: Heated from room temperature to 700 ℃ ・ Heating rate: (Varies depending on heating method)
-Number of coil arrangements: 1 to 3 on one side of the welding center, 1 to 3 on each side of the welding center-Induction heating device output (one pair for spot heating, 1 coil for full circumference heating) Per): When the heating rate is 2.5 ° C./s, it is 100 kW, when the heating rate is 3.0 ° C./s, it exceeds 100 kW. Induction heating device frequency: 30 kHz

The residual stress in the height direction of the column in the weld after post-heat treatment was measured. FIG. 7 shows the ratio of the residual stress after the post heat treatment to the residual stress as welded (without post heat treatment).

As shown in FIG. 7, the residual stress tends to decrease by increasing the number of coils (the number of coil arrangement locations). This is because the heating rate increases. Moreover, although both sides of the welding center are heated sequentially separately and when heated simultaneously, the effect is higher than when heating only one side, but heating at the same time is a better result. This can be said that heating at the same time suppresses the temperature rise of the weld. Further, it is shown that the entire circumference heating is more effective than the spot heating similarly to the first embodiment. Furthermore, in the case of all-around heating, it has been shown that residual stress can be further reduced by flowing current in the reverse direction. This can be said to be because the alternating magnetic flux formed in the reverse direction is caused to flow in the reverse direction and the magnetic flux density of the welded portion is reduced, so that heating of the welded portion is suppressed.

10: Post heat treatment apparatus, 11: Induction heating coil, 20: Post heat treatment apparatus, 21: Induction heating coil, 30: Post heat treatment apparatus, 31a to 31d: Induction heating coil, X: Rail, X1: Welded part, X2: Welding Center, X3: Head, X4: Foot, X5: Column, X6: Peripheral

Claims (3)

A post-heat treatment apparatus for welded rails,
A post heat treatment apparatus comprising an induction heating coil that is disposed at a distance of 20 mm or more and 300 mm or less from a welding center of the rail and that heats at least a column portion of the rail. The post heat treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of turns of the induction heating coil is two or more, or the number of places of the induction heating coil on one side of the welding center is two or more. . The post heat treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a plurality of the induction heating coils, wherein the plurality of induction heating coils are arranged on both sides of the welding center.

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