JP5444594B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5444594B2 JP5444594B2 JP2007179520A JP2007179520A JP5444594B2 JP 5444594 B2 JP5444594 B2 JP 5444594B2 JP 2007179520 A JP2007179520 A JP 2007179520A JP 2007179520 A JP2007179520 A JP 2007179520A JP 5444594 B2 JP5444594 B2 JP 5444594B2
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Description
本発明に係る一般式(A)で表される金属錯体においては、m1>m2である場合、m1を有する括弧内に示す部分構造、もしくはその互変異性体で表される部分構造を主配位子と称し、m2を有する括弧内に示す部分構造、もしくはその互変異性体で表される部分構造を副配位子と称す。
本発明に係る一般式(A)で表される金属錯体の形成に用いられる金属としては、元素周期表の8〜10族の遷移金属元素(単に遷移金属とも言う)が用いられるが、中でも、イリジウム、白金が好ましい遷移金属元素として挙げられる。
本発明のおけるEs値について説明する。一般に、酸性条件下でのエステルの加水分解反応においては、置換基が反応の進行に対して及ぼす影響は立体障害だけと考えてよいことが知られており、この事を利用して置換基の立体障害を数値化したものがEs値である。
X−CH2COORX+H2O→X−CH2COOH+RXOH
で表される、酢酸のメチル基の水素原子1つを置換基Xで置換したα位モノ置換酢酸から誘導されるα位モノ置換酢酸エステルを酸性条件下で加水分解する際の反応速度定数kXと、次の化学反応式
CH3COORY+H2O→CH3COOH+RYOH
(RXはRYと同じである)で表される、上記のα位モノ置換酢酸エステルに対応する酢酸エステルを酸性条件下で加水分解する際の反応速度定数kHから次の式で求められる。
置換基Xの立体障害により反応速度は低下し、その結果kX<kHとなるのでEs値は通常負となる。実際にEs値を求める場合には、上記の二つの反応速度定数kXとkHを求め、上記の式により算出する。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。
(ii)陽極/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(v)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(vi)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(vii)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極。
本発明に係る阻止層(例えば、電子阻止層、正孔阻止層)について説明する。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
一方、電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送する機能を有しつつ電子を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料からなり、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。また、後述する正孔輸送層の構成を必要に応じて電子阻止層として用いることができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する材料を含み、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層もしくは複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層もしくは複数層を設けることができる。
本発明において、発光層には一般式(1)で表される化合物、及び一般式(A)で表される金属錯体が含まれる。発光層には発光ホストと発光ドーパントが含まれ、一般式(1)で表される化合物は発光ホストとして、一般式(A)で表される金属錯体は発光ドーパントとして機能する。
本発明に用いられるホスト化合物(発光ホストとも言う)とは、発光層に含有される化合物のうちで室温(25℃)においてリン光発光のリン光量子収率が、0.01未満の化合物を表す。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記のごとく陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
本発明の有機EL素子に係る陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、Au等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3−ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。
一方、本発明に係る陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子に係る基体としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明のものであれば特に制限はないが、好ましく用いられる基板としては、例えば、ガラス、石英、光透過性樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい基体は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製法について説明する。
本発明の表示装置について説明する。本発明の表示装置は上記有機EL素子を有する。
本発明の照明装置について説明する。本発明の照明装置は上記有機EL素子を有する。
《有機EL素子1−1〜1−15の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
得られた有機EL素子1−1〜1−16を評価するに際しては、作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亜合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止して、図5、図6に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
効率(%)は外部取り出し効率(%)のことで、作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を流して測定した。
寿命(時間)は作製した各サンプルを初期輝度300cd/m2で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定した。
保存性は85℃で24時間保存した後、保存前後における2.5mA/cm2の定電流駆動での各輝度を測定し、各輝度比を下式に従って求め、これを保存性の尺度とした。
ダークスポットは、作製したサンプルから有機ELパネルを作製し、温度60℃、湿度90%RHの条件で300時間保存した後、ダークスポット(発光ムラ)の発生の有り無しを以下に示す試験方法により試験し、以下に示す評価ランクに従って評価した。
KEITHLEY製ソースメジャーユニット2400型を用いて、直流電圧を有機EL素子に印加し発光させた。200cdで発光させた発光素子について、50倍の顕微鏡でダークスポット(発光ムラ)が生じるかを観察した。
◎:9割以上が均一に発光している
○:8割以上が均一に発光している
△:7割以上が均一に発光している
×:7割未満しか均一に発光していない。
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
《フルカラー表示装置の作製》
(青色発光素子の作製)
実施例1の有機EL素子1−1のドーパントである例示化合物196を例示化合物217に置き換えた以外は同様にして、青色発光素子を作製し、これを青色発光素子として用いた。
実施例1の有機EL素子1−1において、ドーパントである例示化合物196をIr−16に変更した以外は同様にして、緑色発光素子を作製し、これを緑色発光素子として用いた。
実施例1の有機EL素子1−1において、ドーパントである例示化合物196をIr−17に変更した以外は同様にして、赤色発光素子を作製し、これを赤色発光素子として用いた。
《白色発光素子及び白色照明装置の作製》
実施例1の透明電極基板の電極を20mm×20mmにパターニングし、その上に実施例1と同様に正孔輸送層としてα−NPDを20nmの厚さで成膜し、更に例示化合物H22の入った前記加熱ボートと例示化合物191の入ったボート及びIr−5の入ったボートをそれぞれ独立に通電して、発光ホストである例示化合物H22と発光ドーパントである例示化合物191及びIr−9の蒸着速度が100:5:0.6になるように調節し、膜厚30nmの厚さになるように蒸着し、発光層を設けた。
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
7 電源ライン
10 有機EL素子
11 スイッチングトランジスタ
12 駆動トランジスタ
13 コンデンサ
A 表示部
B 制御部
102 ガラスカバー
105 陰極
106 有機EL層
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
Claims (8)
- 構成層として少なくとも陽極、正孔輸送層、発光層及び陰極を有し、発光層には少なくともホスト化合物と金属錯体を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、前記発光層が下記一般式(A)で表される金属錯体を含有し、且つ前記発光層に下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(A)のBと共に形成される環がイミダゾール環であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記イミダゾール環が一般式(A)のX4が窒素原子であるイミダゾール環であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(A)のAと共に形成される環がベンゼン環であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(A)で表される金属錯体が同一の配位子のみで構成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(A)において、M1がイリジウムであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする照明装置。
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TW200903877A (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-16 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Material for organic electroluminescence device and organic electroluminescence device utilizing the same |
DE102010009903A1 (de) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-08 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verbindungen für elektronische Vorrichtungen |
WO2012116231A2 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-30 | Universal Display Corporation | Novel tetradentate platinum complexes |
EP2922932B1 (de) * | 2012-11-23 | 2019-06-12 | Merck Patent GmbH | Materialien für elektronische vorrichtungen |
KR20150021771A (ko) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-03-03 | 에스케이케미칼주식회사 | 유기전계발광소자용 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기전계발광소자 |
JP2016105431A (ja) | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-09 | 三星ディスプレイ株式會社Samsung Display Co.,Ltd. | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用材料及びそれを用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
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JP4337475B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-27 | 2009-09-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 有機金属錯体、発光材料、および有機電界発光素子 |
TW200541401A (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2005-12-16 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Organic electroluminescent device |
US9051344B2 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2015-06-09 | Universal Display Corporation | Stability OLED materials and devices |
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US10158085B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2018-12-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Condensed cyclic compound and organic light-emitting device including the same |
US10985329B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2021-04-20 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Condensed cyclic compound and organic light-emitting device including the same |
US12150380B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2024-11-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Condensed cyclic compound and organic light-emitting device including the same |
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