JP5332614B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5332614B2 JP5332614B2 JP2008533102A JP2008533102A JP5332614B2 JP 5332614 B2 JP5332614 B2 JP 5332614B2 JP 2008533102 A JP2008533102 A JP 2008533102A JP 2008533102 A JP2008533102 A JP 2008533102A JP 5332614 B2 JP5332614 B2 JP 5332614B2
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004002 naphthaldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RRYCIULTIFONEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphtho[2,3-e][1]benzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C=CO4)=C4C=CC3=CC2=C1 RRYCIULTIFONEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002908 osmium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSQODMMMSXHVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ovalene Chemical group C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3C5=C6C(C=C3)=CC=C3C6=C6C(C=C3)=C3)C4=C5C6=C2C3=C1 LSQODMMMSXHVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quaterphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005327 perimidinyl group Chemical group N1C(=NC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005107 phenanthrazines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxathiine Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005359 phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical group C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005400 pyridylcarbonyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC=C1)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- DTPOQEUUHFQKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[2,1,5-cd]indolizine Chemical group C1=CC(N23)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DTPOQEUUHFQKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005579 tetracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-e][1]benzothiole Chemical group C1=C2SC=CC2=C2C=CSC2=C1 CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
具体的に本発明によれば、構成1において、一般式(a)中、Ar1、Ar2は各々カルバゾール環、カルボリン環、ジベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾシロール環またはフルオレン環を表し、Ar1、Ar2の少なくとも一方は当該縮合芳香環上の炭素原子によりベンゼン環に結合している有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が提供される。
下記一般式(a)で表される部分構造および反応性基を有する化合物Aを少なくとも一部として含み、且つ、前記反応性基を介して前記化合物Aが重合してなる重合体を含有することを特徴とする、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
2.前記Ar1、Ar2が、各々3つの環からなる縮合環であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
5.前記Arが、カルバゾール環、カルボリン環、ジベンゾフラン環またはベンゼン環を表すことを特徴とする前記1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
8.前記化合物Aまたは該化合物Aの重合体が、発光層に含有されることを特徴とする前記1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
14.前記化合物Aまたは該化合物Aの重合体の、リン光波長の0−0遷移バンドが460nm以下であることを特徴とする前記1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
102 ITO透明電極
103 隔壁
104 正孔注入層
105B、105G、105R 発光層
207 透明電極付きガラス基板
206 有機EL層
205 陰極
202 ガラスカバー
208 窒素ガス
209 捕水剤
本発明に係る化合物A、該化合物Aの重合体について説明する。
本発明に係る化合物Aの重合体の分子量(重量平均分子量Mw)は、1000000以下であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは、10000〜200000の範囲である。更に、本発明に係る、重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)との比率(分子量分布)は、3以下であることが好ましい。
装置:東ソー高速GPC装置 HLC−8220GPC
カラム:TOSOH TSKgel Super HM−M
検出器:RI及び/またはUV
溶出液流速:0.6ml/分
試料濃度:0.1質量%
試料量:100μl
検量線:標準ポリスチレンにて作製:標準ポリスチレンSTK standard ポリスチレン(東ソー(株)製)Mw=1000000〜500迄の13サンプルを用いて検量線(校正曲線ともいう)を作成、分子量の算出に使用した。13サンプルは、ほぼ等間隔にすることが好ましい。
本発明に係る化合物Aまたは該化合物Aの重合体は、後述する本発明の有機EL素子の構成層のいずれの層においても用いることが出来るが、本発明に記載の効果(外部取り出し量子効率の向上、発光寿命の長寿命化)の観点からは、発光層に含有されることが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。本発明において、有機EL素子の層構成の好ましい具体例を以下に示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
本発明の有機EL素子においては、青色発光層の発光極大波長は430nm〜480nmにあるものが好ましく、緑色発光層は発光極大波長が510nm〜550nm、赤色発光層は発光極大波長が600nm〜640nmの範囲にある単色発光層であることが好ましく、これらを用いた表示装置であることが好ましい。また、これらの少なくとも3層の発光層を積層して白色発光層としたものであってもよい。更に、発光層間には非発光性の中間層を有していてもよい。本発明の有機EL素子としては白色発光層であることが好ましく、これらを用いた照明装置であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る発光層は、電極または電子輸送層、正孔輸送層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
本発明に用いられるホスト化合物について説明する。
本発明に係る発光ドーパントについて説明する。
本発明に係るリン光発光性ドーパントについて説明する。
本発明に係るリン光発光性ドーパントは、リン光波長の0−0遷移バンドが485nm以下であることが好ましく、リン光発光性ドーパントのイオン化ポテンシャルが5.5eV以下であることが好ましい。
本発明に係るリン光発光性ドーパントのリン光の0−0遷移バンドの測定方法について説明する。
X−CH2COORX+H2O→X−CH2COOH+RXOH
で表される、酢酸のメチル基の水素原子1つを置換基Xで置換したα位モノ置換酢酸から誘導されるα位モノ置換酢酸エステルを酸性条件下で加水分解する際の反応速度定数kXと、次の化学反応式
CH3COORY+H2O→CH3COOH+RYOH
(RXはRYと同じである)で表される、上記のα位モノ置換酢酸エステルに対応する酢酸エステルを酸性条件下で加水分解する際の反応速度定数kHから次の式で求められる。
置換基Xの立体障害により反応速度は低下し、その結果kX<kHとなるのでEs値は通常負となる。実際にEs値を求める場合には、上記の二つの反応速度定数kXとkHを求め、上記の式により算出する。
蛍光ドーパント(蛍光性化合物)としては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、または希土類錯体系蛍光体等が挙げられる。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
阻止層は、上記の如く有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11−204258号公報、同11−204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。
一方、陰極としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる支持基板(以下、基体、基板、基材、支持体等とも言う)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。支持基板側から光を取り出す場合には、支持基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な支持基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい支持基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明に用いられる封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、支持基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
有機層を挟み支持基板と対向する側の前記封止膜、あるいは前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量且つ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7〜2.1程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15%から20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明の有機EL素子は基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工したり、あるいは所謂集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製法を説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、照明装置(家庭用照明、車内照明)、時計や液晶用バックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
《有機EL素子1−1の作製》:比較例
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子1−1の作製において、比較化合物1およびtBu−PBDを表2に記載の化合物を用いた以外は同様にして、有機EL素子1−2〜1−8を各々作製した。
得られた有機EL素子1−1〜1−8について、下記のようにして、外部取りだし量子効率及び発光寿命を評価した。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。尚、測定には分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。
2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(τ1/2)として寿命の指標とした。
《有機EL素子2−1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子2−1の作製において、ポリビニルカルバゾールを化合物1−45(n=22000のポリマーを用いた)に置き替えた以外は有機EL素子2−1と同じ方法で2−2を作製した。
以下のようにして作製した有機EL素子2−1、2−2の評価を行い、その結果を下記表に示す。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。なお測定には同様に分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。
2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(τ1/2)として寿命の指標とした。なお測定には分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。寿命の測定結果は、有機EL素子2−1を100とした時の相対値で表した。
2−1 100 100 比較
2−2 132 1350 参考例
上記から、化合物Aの重合体の一態様である、化合物1−45(繰り返し単位として、カルバゾール環、ジベンゾフラン環を部分構造として有する)を含有する、有機EL素子2−2は、比較の有機EL素子2−1に比べて、外部取り出し量子効率、発光寿命共に著しく改善されていることが判る。
《有機ELフルカラー表示装置の作製》
図1は有機ELフルカラー表示装置の概略構成図を示す。陽極としてガラス基板101上にITO透明電極(102)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)に100μmのピッチでパターニングを行った後、このガラス基板上でITO透明電極の間に非感光性ポリイミドの隔壁103(幅20μm、厚さ2.0μm)をフォトリソグラフィーで形成させた。ITO電極上ポリイミド隔壁の間に下記組成の正孔注入層組成物を、インクジェットヘッド(エプソン社製;MJ800C)を用いて吐出注入し、紫外光を30秒間照射し、60℃、10分間の乾燥処理により膜厚40nmの正孔注入層104を作製した。
化合物A0 20質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(青色発光層組成物)
化合物1−9 0.7質量部
Ir−15 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(緑色発光層組成物)
化合物1−9 0.7質量部
Ir−1 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(赤色発光層組成物)
化合物1−9 0.7質量部
Ir−14 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
また、Ir−15、Ir−1、Ir−14の代りに化合物2−1〜2−16を、化合物1−9の代りに化合物1−1〜1−8または化合物1−10〜1−42を用いて作製した有機EL素子でも、同様にフルカラー表示装置として利用できることがわかった。
《白色の有機EL素子4−1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
《有機EL素子5−1の作製》:本発明
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。この透明支持基板上に、ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)−ポリスチレンスルホネート(PEDOT/PSS、Bayer社製、Baytron P Al 4083)を純水で70質量%に希釈した溶液を3000rpm、30秒でスピンコート法により製膜した後、200℃にて1時間乾燥し、膜厚30nmの正孔注入・輸送層を設けた。
有機EL素子5−1の作製において、3mlの化合物1−54の溶液を下記の溶液[A]に置き替えた以外は全く同様にして、有機EL素子5−2を作製した。
従来公知の発光層形成材料である、ポリビニルカルバゾール(PVCzともいう)30mgとIr−13(青発光性オルトメタル化錯体)1.5mgとをトルエン3mlに溶解し、調製した溶液
《有機EL素子5−1〜5−2の評価》
得られた有機EL素子5−1〜5−2を評価するに際しては、作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止して、図2、図3に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。尚、測定には分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。
23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(τ1/2)として寿命の指標とした。尚、測定には同様に、分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。
素子No. 形成材料 量子効率(%)
(相対値)
5−1 1−54 139 149 青 本発明
5−2 PVCz 100 100 青 比較例
+Ir−13
上記評価結果から、比較に比べて、本発明の有機EL素子5−1は、外部取り出し量子効率が大幅に向上し、消費電力が抑制され、且つ、発光寿命も改善されることが明らかである。
Claims (19)
- 支持基板上に少なくとも陽極、陰極を有し、該陽極と該陰極間に少なくとも1層の発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、
下記一般式(a)で表される部分構造および反応性基を有する化合物Aを少なくとも一部として含み、且つ、前記反応性基を介して前記化合物Aが重合してなる重合体を含有することを特徴とする、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(a)が下記一般式(b)で表されることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記Arが、カルバゾール環、カルボリン環またはジベンゾフラン環を表すことを特徴とする請求の範囲第2項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記Arが、カルバゾール環を表すことを特徴とする請求の範囲第2項または第3項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記反応性基が、下記一般式(2)〜(5)のいずれかで表されることを特徴とする請求の範囲第項1項〜第4項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記化合物Aまたは該化合物Aの重合体が、発光層に含有されることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第5項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が、前記重合体とリン光発光性ドーパントを含有していることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第6項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記重合体が、前記化合物Aとリン光発光性ドーパントとの共重合体であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第7項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記リン光発光性ドーパントがIr錯体であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第7項または第8項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記リン光発光性ドーパントのリン光波長の0−0遷移バンドが485nm以下であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第7項または第8項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記リン光発光性ドーパントが、下記一般式(1)で表される金属錯体であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第10項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記化合物Aまたは該化合物Aの重合体の、リン光波長の0−0遷移バンドが460nm以下であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第11項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記化合物Aまたは該化合物Aの重合体を含有する層が、湿式法で形成されたことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第12項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記化合物Aを塗布後、重合することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第13項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 構成層として、複数の有機化合物層を有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第14項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記陽極と前記発光層との間に少なくとも1層の陽極バッファー層または前記陰極と前記発光層との間に少なくとも1層の陰極バッファー層を有しており、前記発光層の少なくとも1層が、前記化合物Aまたは該化合物Aの重合体を含有し、且つ、該発光層が湿式法で形成されたことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第15項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 白色に発光することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項〜第16項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求の範囲第1項〜第17項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求の範囲第1項〜第17項のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備えたことを特徴とする照明装置。
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