JP5308982B2 - 固体電解キャパシタ及びその製造方法並びに固体電解キャパシタ用溶液 - Google Patents
固体電解キャパシタ及びその製造方法並びに固体電解キャパシタ用溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5308982B2 JP5308982B2 JP2009232889A JP2009232889A JP5308982B2 JP 5308982 B2 JP5308982 B2 JP 5308982B2 JP 2009232889 A JP2009232889 A JP 2009232889A JP 2009232889 A JP2009232889 A JP 2009232889A JP 5308982 B2 JP5308982 B2 JP 5308982B2
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- acid
- electrolytic capacitor
- compound
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- conductive polymer
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
- H01G9/0036—Formation of the solid electrolyte layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/70—Post-treatment
- C08G2261/76—Post-treatment crosslinking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic monomers containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Description
次に、図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態を説明する。以下の図面の記載において、図面は模式的なものであり、図面における寸法、比率等は現実のものとは異なり、以下の説明を参酌して判断すべきことに留意すべきである。
導電性複合体は、少なくとも、カチオン化された導電性高分子とポリマーアニオンとを含み、導電性を有するものを指す。必要に応じてアニオンドーパントが含むことができる。ここでは特に限定するものではない。導電性複合体は、溶媒に溶解又は分散されたポリマーアニオンの存在下において、導電性高分子の前駆体モノマーを、酸化剤又は酸化重合触媒の存在下で化学酸化重合することによって容易に得ることができる。
導電性高分子は、主鎖がπ共役系で構成されている有機高分子であれば使用できる。例えば、ポリピロール類、ポリチオフェン類、ポリアセチレン類、ポリフェニレン類、ポリフェニレンビニレン類、ポリアニリン類、ポリアセン類、ポリチオフェンビニレン類、及びこれらの共重合体等が挙げられる。重合の容易さ、空気中での安定性の点からは、ポリピロール類、ポリチオフェン類及びポリアニリン類が好ましい。
前駆体モノマーは、分子内にπ共役系を有し、適切な酸化剤の作用によって高分子化した際にもその主鎖にπ共役系が形成されるものである。例えば、ピロール類及びその誘導体、チオフェン類及びその誘導体、アニリン類及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。
ポリマーアニオンは、高分子の側鎖にアニオン基を有する高分子を指す。
ポリマーアニオン及び導電性高分子を含む導電性複合体の水分散溶液は、通常pH3より低い状態であり、酸性度が強く、キャパシタ素子ヘの浸漬性が低い。陽極箔及び陰極箔の内部への浸漬性を向上させるために、酸性度を調整した方が好ましい。本実施形態のキャパシタ用溶液は、pH3〜13の範囲であれば好適に使用できる。陽極箔及び陰極箔の内部への浸漬性を向上させるために、酸性度を調整した方が好ましい。より好ましくはpH4〜8の範囲である。
導電性高分子の製造で使用する溶媒としては特に制限されず、前記前駆体モノマーを溶解又は分散しうる溶媒であり、酸化剤及び酸化触媒の酸化力を維持させることができるものであればよい。例えば、水、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ヘキサメチレンホスホルトリアミド、アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等の極性溶媒、クレゾール、フェノール、キシレノール等のフェノール類、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等のアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類、ヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン等の炭化水素類、ギ酸、酢酸等のカルボン酸、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等のカーボネート化合物、ジオキサン、ジエチルエーテル等のエーテル化合物、エチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル等の鎖状エーテル類、3−メチル−2−オキサゾリジノン等の複素環化合物、アセトニトリル、グルタロジニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等のニトリル化合物等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上の混合物としてもよいし、他の有機溶媒との混合物としてもよい。
酸化剤、酸化触媒としては、前記前駆体モノマーを酸化させて導電性高分子を得ることができるものであればよく、例えば、ぺルオキソ二硫酸アンモニウム、ぺルオキソ二硫酸ナトリウム、ぺルオキソ二硫酸カリウム等のぺルオキソ二硫酸塩、塩化第二鉄、硫酸第二鉄、硝酸第二鉄、塩化第二銅等の遷移金属化合物、三フッ化ホウ素、塩化アルミニウムなどの金属ハロゲン化合物、酸化銀、酸化セシウム等の金属酸化物、過酸化水素、オゾン等の過酸化物、過酸化ベンゾイル等の有機過酸化物、酸素等が挙げられる。
本実施形態のヒドロキシ類化合物は、融点が170℃以上であり、分子内に3以上の水酸基を有する脂肪族性化合物を指す。糖類、糖アルコール類、ポリヒドロキシ類等が挙げられる。
本発明の固体電解キャパシタ溶液の溶媒としては、水及び水と混合し得る溶媒が好適に使用できる。例えば、水、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ヘキサメチレンホスホルトリアミド、アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等の極性溶媒、クレゾール、フェノール、キシレノール等のフェノール類、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等のアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類、ヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン等の炭化水素類、ギ酸、酢酸等のカルボン酸、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等のカーボネート化合物、ジオキサン、ジエチルエーテル等のエーテル化合物、エチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル等の鎖状エーテル類、3−メチル−2−オキサゾリジノン等の複素環化合物、アセトニトリル、グルタロジニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等のニトリル化合物等が挙げられる。
本実施形態の導電性複合体は、キャパシタ素子内部への浸漬性を考慮して、平均粒子径が1500ナノメートル以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは500ナノメートル以下である。平均粒子径は1500ナノメートル以上であると、多孔質のアルミニウム箔の孔より大きい粒子が多く含まれ、内部への浸漬性が悪くなることがあるため、静電容量等の特性が得られにくい。また、d50が1000ナノメート以下であることが好ましい。よりより好ましくは100ナノメートル以下である。
本実施形態のキャパシタ用溶液としては、導電性複合体の固形分濃度を0.5〜3.0質量%にすることが好ましく、1.0〜2.0質量%にすることがより好ましい。固形分濃度が0.5質量%以上であれば、固体電解質膜を容易に形成でき、3.0質量%以下であれば、粘度を低下させて、多孔質体のキャパシタ用基材10aの内部にキャパシタ用溶液を容易に浸透させることができる。
本実施形態の固体電解キャパシタの固体電解質の導電性をより高くするために、導電性高分子の導電性を引上げることができる化合物を添加することができる。ここで、導電性向上剤は、導電性高分子又は導電性高分子のドーパントと相互作用して、導電性高分子の電気伝導度を向上させるものである。
窒素含有芳香族性環式化合物としては、例えば、一つの窒素原子を含有するピリジン類及びその誘導体、二つの窒素原子を含有するイミダゾール類及びその誘導体、ピリミジン類及びその誘導体、ピラジン類及びその誘導体、三つの窒素原子を含有するトリアジン類及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。溶媒溶解性等の観点からは、ピリジン類及びその誘導体、イミダゾール類及びその誘導体、ピリミジン類及びその誘導体が好ましい。
2個以上のヒドロキシ基を有する化合物としては、例えば、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、1,4−ブチレングリコール、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、イソプレングリコール、ジメチロールプロピオン酸、ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、チオジエタノール、酒石酸、D−グルカル酸、グルタコン酸等の多価脂肪族アルコール類;1,4−ジヒドロキシベンゼン、1,3−ジヒドロキシベンゼン、2,3−ジヒドロキシ−1−ペンタデシルベンゼン、2,4−ジヒドロキシアセトフェノン、2,5−ジヒドロキシアセトフェノン、2,4−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2,6−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、3,4−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、3,5−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフォン、2,2’,5,5’−テトラヒドロキシジフェニルスルフォン、3,3’,5,5’−テトラメチル−4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフォン、ヒドロキシキノンカルボン酸及びその塩類、2,3−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,6−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、1,4−ヒドロキノンスルホン酸及びその塩類、4,5−ヒドロキシベンゼン−1,3−ジスルホン酸及びその塩類、1,5−ジヒドロキシナフタレン、1,6−ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,6−ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,7−ジヒドロキシナフタレン、2,3−ジヒドロキシナフタレン、1,5−ジヒドロキシナフタレン−2,6−ジカルボン酸、1,6−ジヒドロキシナフタレン−2,5−ジカルボン酸、1,5−ジヒドロキシナフトエ酸、1,4−ジヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸フェニルエステル、4,5−ジヒドロキシナフタレン−2,7−ジスルホン酸及びその塩類、1,8−ジヒドロキシ−3,6−ナフタレンジスルホン酸及びその塩類、6,7−ジヒドロキシ−2−ナフタレンスルホン酸及びその塩類、1,2,3−トリヒドロキシベンゼン(ピロガロール)、1,2,4−トリヒドロキシベンゼン、5−メチル−1,2,3−トリヒドロキシベンゼン、5−エチル−1,2,3−トリヒドロキシベンゼン、5−プロピル−1,2,3−トリヒドロキシベンゼン、トリヒドロキシ安息香酸、トリヒドロキシアセトフェノン、トリヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、トリヒドロキシベンゾアルデヒド、トリヒドロキシアントラキノン、2,4,6−トリヒドロキシベンゼン、テトラヒドロキシ−p−ベンゾキノン、テトラヒドロキシアントラキノン、ガーリック酸メチル(没食子酸メチル)、ガーリック酸エチル(没食子酸エチル)、ヒドロキノンスルホン酸カリウム等の芳香族化合物等が挙げられる。
2個以上のカルボキシ基を有する化合物としては、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、マロン酸、1,4−ブタンジカルボン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、アジピン酸、D−グルカル酸、グルタコン酸、クエン酸等の脂肪族カルボン酸類化合物;フタル酸、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、5−スルホイソフタル酸、5−ヒドロキシイソフタル酸、メチルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、4,4’−オキシジフタル酸、ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ナフタレンジカルボン酸、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸等の、芳香族性環に少なくとも一つ以上のカルボキシ基が結合している芳香族カルボン酸類化合物;ジグリコール酸、オキシ二酪酸、チオ二酢酸、チオ二酪酸、イミノ二酢酸、イミノ酪酸等が挙げられる。
1個以上のヒドロキシ基及び1個以上のカルボキシ基を有する化合物としては、酒石酸、グリセリン酸、ジメチロールブタン酸、ジメチロールプロパン酸、D−グルカル酸、グルタコン酸等が挙げられる。
導電性複合体100質量部に対して1〜5,000質量部であることが好ましく、50〜500質量部であることがより好ましい。1個以上のヒドロキシ基及び1個以上のカルボキシ基を有する化合物の含有量が1質量部より少なくなると、導電性及び耐熱性が不足することがある。また、1個以上のヒドロキシ基及び1個以上のカルボキシ基を有する化合物の含有量が5,000質量部より多くなると、固体電解質中の導電性高分子の含有量が少なくなり、やはり充分な導電性が得ることが難しい。
アミド基を有する化合物は、−CO−NH−(COの部分は二重結合)で表されるアミド結合を分子中に有する単分子化合物である。すなわち、アミド化合物としては、例えば、上記結合の両末端に官能基を有する化合物、上記結合の一方の末端に環状化合物が結合された化合物、上記両末端の官能基が水素である尿素及び尿素誘導体などが挙げられる。
イミド化合物としては、導電性がより高くなることから、イミド結合を有する単分子化合物(以下、イミド化合物という。)が好ましい。イミド化合物としては、その骨格より、フタルイミド及びフタルイミド誘導体、スクシンイミド及びスクシンイミド誘導体、ベンズイミド及びベンズイミド誘導体、マレイミド及びマレイミド誘導体、ナフタルイミド及びナフタルイミド誘導体などが挙げられる。
ラクタム化合物とは、アミノカルボン酸の分子内環状アミドであり、環の一部が−CO−NR−(Rは水素又は任意の置換基)である化合物である。ただし、環の一個以上の炭素原子が不飽和やヘテロ原子に置き換わっていてもよい。
グリシジル基を有する化合物としては、例えば、エチルグリシジルエーテル、ブチルグリシジルエーテル、t−ブチルグリシジルエーテル、アリルグリシジルエーテル、ベンジルグリシジルエーテル、グリシジルフェニルエーテル、ビスフェノールA、ジグリシジルエーテル、アクリル酸グリシジルエーテル、メタクリル酸グリシジルエーテル等のグリシジル化合物などが挙げられる。
また、一部の有機溶媒も固体電解質中に残存した場合に導電性向上剤として機能する。導電性向上剤になりうる有機溶媒としては、例えば、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ヘキサメチレンホスホルトリアミド、N−ビニルピロリドン、N−ビニルホルムアミド、N−ビニルアセトアミド等の極性溶媒、クレゾール、フェノール、キシレノール等のフェノール類、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、1,4−ブチレングリコール、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、イソプレングリコール、ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール等の多価脂肪族アルコール類、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等のカーボネート化合物、ジオキサン、ジエチルエーテル等のエーテル化合物、ジアルキルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル等の鎖状エーテル類、3−メチル−2−オキサゾリジノン等の複素環化合物、アセトニトリル、グルタロジニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等のニトリル化合物等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上の混合物としてもよい。
エーテル化合物として、エーテル基を有する化合物であれば好適に使用できる。
本実施形態の導電性複合体に、モノマーアニオンが含まれたことで導電性を向上させることがある。必要に応じて含まれても良い。モノマーアニオンの導入方法としては、特に限定せず、導電性高分子の前駆体モノマーとポリマーアニオンから導電性複合体を合成する時に添加してもよく、導電性高分子の前駆体モノマーとポリマーアニオンから導電性複合体を合成した後に、導電性複合体の分散溶液に添加しても良い。モノマーアニオンとしては、有機カルボン酸、有機スルホン酸、無機酸等が挙げられる。
本実施形態のキャパシタの固体電解質は、導電性複合体の製膜性を調整するために、バインダ樹脂を添加することができる。例えば:ポリエステル類、ポリウレタン類、アクリル類、エポキシ類、ポリアミド類、ポリアクリルアミド類、シランカップリング剤類等が挙げられる。
次に、本実施形態の固体電解キャパシタについて説明する。
陽極箔11をなす弁金属としては、例えば、アルミニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、チタン、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、亜鉛、タングステン、ビスマス、アンチモンなどが挙げられる。これらのうち、アルミニウム、タンタル、ニオブが好適である。
誘電体層12は、例えば、アジピン酸アンモニウム水溶液などの電解液中にて、陽極箔11の表面を陽極酸化することで形成されたものである。よって、図1に示すように、陽極箔11と同様に誘電体層12の表面にも凹凸が形成されている。
陰極13は、固体電解質層13aと、固体電解質層13a上に形成されたアルミ箔などの陰極箔13bとを具備する。
本実施形態の固体電解キャパシタに使用するセパレータとしては、周知の天然系繊維、人工系繊維が好適に使用することができる。ここで特に限定しない。
本実施形態の固体電解質は、170℃以上の融点を有する三つ以上の水酸基を有するヒドロキシ類化合物が含まれ、陽極体と陰極体との間に配置され、陽極体と接して形成されていることを特徴とする。固体電解質層の電気抵抗を下げるために、導電性高分子を添加することが好ましい。
本実施形態の固体電解質には、水分が含まれる。従来のインシツ(in−situ)重合法で固体電解質を形成させる場合には特許文献6に記されているように極力水分を除く必要があった。これに対し、本実施形態のキャパシタは、固体電解質が所定量の水分を含有することにより、キャパシタの機能が著しく向上されるものである。すなわち、本実施形態のキャパシタにおいては、適量の水分の存在によって、静電容量が向上すると共に、ESRを低くすることができる。これは、本実施形態の固体電解質が、ポリスチレンスルホン酸などのポリマーアニオンを多量に含んでいることに関係するものと推察される。水分の含有量は7質量%以下であれば、好適に使用することができる。好ましくは5質量%以下である。4質量%以下がより好ましい。水分の含有量が7質量%より多くなると固体電解質の膜質が弱くなる傾向があり、固体電解キャパシタの高温耐熱が悪くなり、長期耐久で静電容量とESRが劣化しやすくなる。また、水分が0.1質量%以下になると静電容量の低下が見られる。本発明では水分量が0.1〜7質量%の範囲であれば、静電容量とESRが両立することが可能である。さらに、水分量が4質量%以下に調整することで、優れた長期耐久性が発現できる。
本実施形態の固体電解キャパシタは、必要に応じて固体電解質層を形成した後に、電解液を浸漬し、電解液との兼用を用いてはより高い静電容量が得られることができる。電解液としては導電性が高ければ特に限定されず、周知の溶媒中に周知の電解質を溶解させたものである。
次に、固体電解キャパシタの製造方法について説明する。
(調製例1)導電性高分子溶液(I)の調製
14.2gの3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェンと、2,000mlのイオン交換水に42.6gのポリスチレンスルホン酸(質量平均分子量;約300,000)を溶かした溶液とを20℃で混合した。
調製例1における導電性高分子原料溶液(MB)に、4.8gのヒドロキシエチルアクリレートを混合し、其々、4.0gのペンタエリスリトール(導電性高分子溶液(II))、6.4gのペンタエリスリトール(導電性高分子溶液(III))、9.6gのペンタエリスリトール(導電性高分子溶液(IV))を添加し分散して、導電性高分子溶液(II)、導電性高分子溶液(III)、導電性高分子溶液(IV)を得た。
調製例1における導電性高分子原料溶液(MB)100gに、6.4gのペンタエリスリトール、0.32gのポリエステルを混合し分散して、導電性高分子溶液(V)を得た。
調製例1における導電性高分子原料溶液(MB)100gに、4.8gのヒドロキシエチルアクリレートを混合し分散して、導電性高分子溶液(VI)を得た。
調製例1で作製したPEDOT/PSS溶液100gにアミノエタノールを添加し、pH4の導電性高分子溶液を得た。この溶液に6.4gのペンタエリスリトールを混合し分散して、導電性高分子溶液(VII)を得た。
調製例1で作製したPEDOT/PSS溶液100gにアミノエタノールを添加し、pH8の導電性高分子溶液を得た。この溶液に6.4gのペンタエリスリトールを混合し分散して、導電性高分子溶液(VIII)を得た。
エッチドアルミニウム箔(陽極箔)に陽極リード端子を接続した後、アジピン酸ジアンモニウム10質量%水溶液中で102Vの電圧を印加し、化成(酸化処理)したエッチドアルミニウム箔(陽極箔)とアルミニウム陰極箔を、セルロース製のセパレータを介して円筒状に巻き取ってキャパシタ素子を得た。
約10cmの直径を有するシャーレに、下記実施例1〜11及び比較例1〜2に使用される導電性高分子溶液を3g其々量り、其々、実施例1〜11及び比較例1〜2の乾燥条件において、導電性高分子溶液を乾燥させて得られた其々の固体電解質(組成物)の水分測定用資料を作製した。
作製した固体電解キャパシタを室温において、安定化直流電源を用いて50Vから0.5V/秒の速度で昇圧し、電流値が100mAに達した時の電圧値を耐電圧とした。
調製例1で調製した導電性高分子溶液(I)に、製造例1で得たキャパシタ素子を、減圧下で浸漬した後、150℃の熱風乾燥機により30分乾燥した。さらに、この導電性高分子溶液(I)への浸漬を2回繰り返して、誘電体層と陰極との間に、固体電解質層を形成させた。
実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、導電性高分子溶液(II)を用いて、150℃、30分(実施例2)、180℃、30分(実施例3)乾燥し、其々、実施例2、実施例3の固体電解キャパシタを作製した。
実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、導電性高分子溶液(III)を用いて、125℃、30分(実施例4)、150℃、30分(実施例5)、260℃、10分(実施例6)乾燥し、其々、実施例4、実施例5、実施例6の固体電解キャパシタを作製した。
実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、導電性高分子溶液(IV)を用いて、180℃、60分(実施例7)乾燥し、実施例7の固体電解キャパシタを作製した。
導電性高分子溶液(V)を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で、150℃、30分(実施例8)乾燥し、実施例8の固体電解キャパシタを作製した。
実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、其々、導電性高分子溶液(VII)(実施例9)、導電性高分子溶液(VIII)(実施例10)を用いて、180℃、30分乾燥し、其々、実施例9、実施例10の固体電解キャパシタを作製した。
調製例1で調製した導電性高分子原料溶液(MB)を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で、150℃、30分乾燥し、比較例1の固体電解キャパシタを作製した。
導電性高分子溶液(VI)を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で、150℃、30分(比較例2)、100℃、30分(比較例3)乾燥し、其々、比較例2、比較例3の固体電解キャパシタを作製した。
上記のように、本発明は実施の形態及び実施例によって記載したが、この開示の一部をなす論述および図面は例示的なものであり、この発明を限定するものであると理解すべきではない。この開示から当業者には様々な代替実施の形態、実施例および運用技術が明らかとなろう。
11 陽極箔
12 誘電体層
13 陰極
13a 固体電解質層
13b 陰極箔
Claims (7)
- 少なくとも、多孔質からなる陽極体と、陽極体の表面に形成されている誘電体層と、陰
極体とを具備する固体電解キャパシタにおいて、
誘電体層と接して形成された固体電解質層を有し、該固体電解質層には少なくとも3つ以上の水酸基を有するヒドロキシ類化合物が含まれ、該ヒドロキシ類化合物が170℃以上の融点を有し、前記固体電解質層は導電性高分子が含まれ、前記導電性高分子は、カチオン化された導電性高分子とポリマーアニオンとを含み、導電性を有するものであり、前記固体電解質層は水分含有量が7質量%以下に調整されていることを特徴とする固体電解キャパシタ。 - 前記ヒドロキシ類化合物は、ペンタエリスリトールであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体電解キャパシタ。
- 前記固体電解質層は、エーテル化合物、アミド基を有する化合物、イミド基を有する化合物、ラクタム化合物、グリシジル基を有する化合物、アクリル化合物、ポリエステル類、ポリウレタン類、アクリル類、エポキシ類、ポリアミド類、ポリアクリルアミド類、シランカップリング剤類から選ばれる1種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の固体電解キャパシタ。
- 前記導電性高分子はチオフェン系導電性高分子であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体電解キャパシタ。
- 前記陰極体と接して形成されている三つ以上の水酸基を有するヒドロキシ類化合物とを含む固体電解質層を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の固体電解キャパシタ。
- さらに、電解液を有する請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の固体電解キャパシタ。
- 少なくとも、多孔質からなる陽極体と、陽極体の表面に形成されている誘電体層と、陰極体とを具備する固体電解キャパシタの製造方法であって、
少なくとも3つ以上の水酸基を有するヒドロキシ類化合物が含まれ、該ヒドロキシ類化合物が170℃以上の融点を有する固体電解質層を誘電体層と接して形成する工程を有し、
前記固体電解質層は導電性高分子が含まれ、前記導電性高分子は、カチオン化された導電性高分子とポリマーアニオンとを含み、導電性を有するものであり、前記固体電解質層は水分含有量を7質量%以下に調整されることを特徴とする固体電解キャパシタの製造方法。
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