JP5396065B2 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5396065B2 JP5396065B2 JP2008276235A JP2008276235A JP5396065B2 JP 5396065 B2 JP5396065 B2 JP 5396065B2 JP 2008276235 A JP2008276235 A JP 2008276235A JP 2008276235 A JP2008276235 A JP 2008276235A JP 5396065 B2 JP5396065 B2 JP 5396065B2
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02697—Forming conducting materials on a substrate
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76807—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics for dual damascene structures
- H01L21/76811—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics for dual damascene structures involving multiple stacked pre-patterned masks
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/7682—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing the dielectric comprising air gaps
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76829—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing characterised by the formation of thin functional dielectric layers, e.g. dielectric etch-stop, barrier, capping or liner layers
- H01L21/76834—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing characterised by the formation of thin functional dielectric layers, e.g. dielectric etch-stop, barrier, capping or liner layers formation of thin insulating films on the sidewalls or on top of conductors
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- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76835—Combinations of two or more different dielectric layers having a low dielectric constant
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- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
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- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/5329—Insulating materials
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Description
シン(Dual-Damascene)技術)と称する配線形成技術によって、配線材料を埋め込むことで形成される。しかし、主配線材料が銅(Cu)の場合、銅がアルミニウム(Al)などのような金属と比較して絶縁膜中に拡散されやすいことから、その銅からなる埋込配線が絶縁膜と直接接しないように、埋込配線の表面(底面および側面)を薄いバリア金属膜で覆うことにより、埋込配線中の銅が絶縁膜中に拡散するのを抑制または防止するようにしている。また、配線開口部が形成された絶縁膜の上面に、例えば窒化シリコン膜などからなる配線キャップ用バリア絶縁膜を形成して埋込配線の上面を覆うことにより、埋込配線中の銅が埋込配線の上面から絶縁膜中に拡散するのを抑制または防止するようにしている。
特許文献1では、通常のダマシン構造と比較し、エアギャップ構造を採用することにより容量が低減されることが示されている。しかしながら、図1(a)に示すような従来のエアギャップ底部にバリア絶縁膜が存在する構造では、32nmノード以降の次世代では、ITRS(International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors)で提示されている実効誘電率を達成する事が困難である事が判った。一方、本発明である図1(b)の構造、すなわち、エアギャップ底部にバリア絶縁膜が無い構造では、僅かなバリア絶縁膜を削除しただけでも、約12〜13%の容量低減効果が発生し、32nmノード以降に求められる実効誘電率を達成できることを見出した。
本発明の前記ならびにその他の目的と新規な特徴は、本明細書の記述および添付図面から明らかになるであろう。
(a)半導体基板上の第1の絶縁膜に複数の配線溝を形成する工程、
(b)前記複数の配線溝のそれぞれの内部を含む前記第1の絶縁膜上に第1の導体膜を形成する工程、
(c)前記複数の配線溝の外部の前記第1の導体膜をCMP法で除去することによって、前記複数の配線溝のそれぞれの内部に前記第1の導体膜からなる配線を形成する工程、
(d)前記第1の絶縁膜上及び前記配線上に第1のバリア絶縁膜を形成する工程、
(e)後の工程で形成される前記配線の上面を露出するスルーホールの下部領域及びその周辺領域の前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第1の絶縁膜を残し、前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第1の絶縁膜を除去し、リザーバー位置を形成する工程、
(f)前記第1のバリア絶縁膜上及び前記配線の側面及び上面上に第2のバリア絶縁膜を形成する際、前記配線上の前記第2のバリア絶縁膜より前記配線間スペース上の前記第2のバリア絶縁膜を薄く形成する工程、
(g)前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第1の絶縁膜が除去された前記配線間のスペース領域に空隙を残しつつ、前記第2のバリア絶縁膜上に第2の絶縁膜を形成する工程、
(h)前記配線の上部の前記第1のバリア絶縁膜と前記第2のバリア絶縁膜と前記第2の絶縁膜とを貫通するスルーホールを形成する工程、
(i)前記スルーホールの内部に第2の導体膜を形成する工程。
(b’)前記複数の配線溝のそれぞれの内部を含む前記第2の絶縁膜上に第1の導体膜を形成する工程、
(c)前記複数の配線溝の外部の前記第1の導体膜をCMP法で除去することによって、前記複数の配線溝のそれぞれの内部に前記第1の導体膜からなる配線を形成する工程、
(d’)前記第2の絶縁膜上及び前記配線上に第1のバリア絶縁膜を形成する工程、
(e’)後の工程で形成される前記配線の上面を露出するスルーホールの下部領域及びその周辺領域の前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第2の絶縁膜を残し、前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第2の絶縁膜を除去し、リザーバー位置を形成する工程、
(f)前記第1のバリア絶縁膜上及び前記配線の側面及び上面上に第2のバリア絶縁膜を形成する際、前記配線上の前記第2のバリア絶縁膜より前記配線間スペース上の前記第2のバリア絶縁膜を薄く形成する工程、
(g’)前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第2の絶縁膜が除去された前記配線間のスペース領域に空隙を残しつつ、前記第2のバリア絶縁膜上に第3の絶縁膜を形成する工程、
(h’)前記配線の上部の前記第1のバリア絶縁膜と前記第2のバリア絶縁膜と前記第3の絶縁膜とを貫通するスルーホールを形成する工程、
(i)前記スルーホールの内部に第2の導体膜を形成する工程。
絶縁膜14bには、酸化シリコン膜(たとえばTEOS(Tetraethoxysilane)酸化膜)を用いる。さらに、配線間容量低減のため、絶縁膜14bには、例えば有機ポリマーまたは有機シリカガラスなどのような低誘電率材料(いわゆるLow−K絶縁膜、Low−K材料)からなる。なお、低誘電率な絶縁膜(Low−K絶縁膜)とは、パッシベーション膜に含まれる酸化シリコン膜(たとえばTEOS(Tetraethoxysilane)酸化膜)の誘電率よりも低い誘電率を有する絶縁膜を例示できる。一般的には、TEOS酸化膜の比誘電率ε=4.1〜4.2程度以下を低誘電率な絶縁膜と言う。
図12は図7に続く、本発明の他の実施の形態である半導体装置の製造工程中の要部断面図である。図8〜図11で述べたスルーホール・リザーバー形成方法では、レジストマスクパターン30によるエッチングのため、ドライエッチ装置によっては、Cu残渣膜がバリア絶縁膜29や第2層配線26の周囲に発生してしまう可能性がある。そこで、図12〜図16に、ドライエッチ装置及びアッシング装置に関わらず、リザーバーを形成する方法を述べる。まず、図12に示すように、バリア絶縁膜29上に、さらに絶縁膜32を、例えばシリコン酸化膜やSiOC膜を100〜400nm成膜する。その後、絶縁膜32上にフォトレジスト膜を順に形成し、露光によりフォトレジスト膜をパターン化してフォトレジストパターン33を形成する。このようなリザーバー層形成の際、さらに精度を向上させるため、フォトレジスト膜の下部、バリア絶縁膜32の上部に反射防止膜を用いることも可能である。
)35が生じる。また、絶縁膜36の成膜には、プラズマCVD法などを用いることができ、絶縁膜36の成膜条件を調整することなどにより、上述のような空隙(エアギャップ
)部分35を最近接配線間に容易に形成することができる。また、本実施の形態では、第2層配線26の上面および側面をバリア絶縁膜としての絶縁膜31で覆うので、第2層配線26において導電性バリア膜26aを省略し、銅からなる主導体膜26bだけで第2層配線26を形成することもできる。絶縁膜36、37を成膜後、配線間に発生した段差を解消するため、層間CMPを行い平坦化する。
次に、図25に示すように絶縁膜マスク39を用いて溝加工を行って溝開口部46を作製し、続いて図26に示すように、絶縁膜マスク39と同時にスルーホール下部に存在するバリア絶縁膜29及び31を同時に除去する。
、炭窒化シリコン(SiCN)膜または酸窒化シリコン(SiON)膜の単体膜を用いても良い。これらの膜を用いた場合、窒化シリコン膜に比べて誘電率を大幅に下げることができるので、配線容量を低減することができ、半導体装置の動作速度を向上させることができる。作成方法は、図8及び絶縁膜29で上述した内容と同じであるため、省略する。
及び50による絶縁膜領域が形成されるが、その割合は最近接配線パターン領域に対して少ないため、エアギャップによる容量低減効果は充分に発揮できる。
多層配線構造において、隣接配線間隔が比較的小さい、すなわち配線ピッチが比較的小さい配線層では、配線間容量が増大しかつTDDB寿命が低減しやすい。本実施の形態によれば、そのような配線間容量が増大しかつTDDB寿命が低減しやすい配線層において、限定されたリザーバー領域以外の同層配線間にCMP面をなくしてTDDB寿命を向上させ、かつ、リザーバー構造を用いて合わせズレしたビアのコンタクトを良好に保ちつつ、同層配線の最近接配線間にエアギャップを形成して配線間容量を低減することができる。
多層配線構造において、隣接配線間隔が比較的小さい、すなわち配線ピッチが比較的小さい配線層では、配線間容量が増大しかつTDDB寿命が低減しやすい。本実施の形態によれば、そのような配線間容量が増大しかつTDDB寿命が低減しやすい配線層において、限定されたリザーバー領域以外の同層配線間にCMP面をなくしてTDDB寿命を向上させ、かつ、リザーバー構造を用いて合わせズレしたビアのコンタクトを良好に保ちつつ、同層配線の最近接配線間にエアギャップを形成して配線間容量を低減することができる。
2…素子分離領域
3…p型ウエル
4…n型ウエル
5…ゲート絶縁膜
6…ゲート電極
7…サイドウォール
8…n型半導体領域(ソース・ドレイン)
9…p型半導体領域(ソース・ドレイン)
10…Coシリサイド膜
11…窒化シリコン膜
12…酸化シリコン膜
13…コンタクトホール
14a…絶縁膜
14b…絶縁膜
15…第1層配線
16…絶縁膜
17…絶縁膜
18…スルーホール
19…集積回路チップ
19a…メモリ部(密集パターン部)
19b…周辺回路部(疎パターン部)
20…絶縁膜
21…絶縁膜
22…絶縁膜
23…反射防止膜
24…フォトレジストパターン
25…配線溝
26…第2層配線
26a…導体バリア膜
26b…主導体膜
26c…第1層配線形成位置
27…スルーホール形成位置
28…リザーバー形成位置
29…バリア絶縁膜
30…フォトレジストパターン
31…バリア絶縁膜
32…絶縁膜
33…フォトレジストパターン
34…バリア絶縁膜
35…空隙(エアギャップ)
36…絶縁膜
37…絶縁膜
38…ミスアライメント・スルーホール(合わせズレしたスルーホール)
39…絶縁膜
40…反射防止膜
41…フォトレジストパターン
42…開口部
43…反射防止膜
44…フォトレジストパターン
45…スルーホール開口部
46…配線溝開口部
47…第3層配線
47a…導体バリア膜
47b…主導体膜
48…バリア絶縁膜
49…スルーホール形成位置
50…リザーバー形成位置
51…バリア絶縁膜
52…空隙(エアギャップ)
53…絶縁膜
54…絶縁膜
55…第4層配線
55a…導体バリア膜
55b…主導体膜
56…バリア絶縁膜
57…バリア絶縁膜
58…空隙(エアギャップ)
59…絶縁膜
60…絶縁膜
61…第5層配線
61a…導体バリア膜
61b…主導体膜
62…バリア絶縁膜
63…絶縁膜
64…絶縁膜
65…第6層配線
65a…導体バリア膜
65b…主導体膜
66…バリア絶縁膜
67…絶縁膜
68…絶縁膜
69…反射防止膜
70…フォトレジストパターン
71…配線溝
72…第2層配線
72a…導体バリア膜
72b…主導体膜
72c…第1層配線形成位置
73…バリア絶縁膜
74…バリア絶縁膜
75…空隙(エアギャップ)
76…絶縁膜
77…絶縁膜
78…絶縁膜
79…第3層配線
79a…導体バリア膜
79b…主導体膜
80…バリア絶縁膜
81…バリア絶縁膜
82…空隙(エアギャップ)
83…絶縁膜
84…絶縁膜
85…第4層配線
85a…導体バリア膜
85b…主導体膜
86…バリア絶縁膜
87…バリア絶縁膜
88…空隙(エアギャップ)
89…絶縁膜
90…絶縁膜
91…第5層配線
91a…導体バリア膜
91b…主導体膜
92…バリア絶縁膜
93…絶縁膜
94…絶縁膜
95…第6層配線
95a…導体バリア膜
95b…主導体膜
96…バリア絶縁膜
Claims (1)
- (a)半導体基板上方に第1の絶縁膜(76)を形成し、前記第1の絶縁膜の直上に第2の絶縁膜(77)を形成し、前記第2の絶縁膜を選択的に除去することにより、前記第2の絶縁膜の厚さ方向に延在する配線溝をその溝同士の間隔を空けて複数個形成する工程、
(b)前記複数の配線溝のそれぞれの内部を含む前記第2の絶縁膜上に第1の導体膜(79)を形成する工程、
(c)前記複数の配線溝の外部の前記第1の導体膜をCMP法で除去することによって、前記複数の配線溝のそれぞれの内部に前記第1の導体膜からなる配線を形成する工程、
(d)前記第2の絶縁膜上及び前記配線上に第1のバリア絶縁膜を形成する工程、
(e)後の工程で形成される前記配線の上面を露出するスルーホールの下部領域及びその周辺領域の前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第2の絶縁膜を残し、前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第2の絶縁膜を除去し、リザーバー位置を形成する工程、
(f)前記第1のバリア絶縁膜上及び前記配線の側面及び上面上に第2のバリア絶縁膜を形成する際、前記配線上の前記第2のバリア絶縁膜より隣り合う前記配線層の側面間のスペースの底部上に前記第2のバリア絶縁膜を薄く形成する工程、
(g)前記第1のバリア絶縁膜及び前記第2の絶縁膜が除去された前記配線間のスペース領域に空隙を残しつつ、前記第2のバリア絶縁膜上に第3の絶縁膜(83)を形成する工程、
(h)前記配線の上部の前記第1のバリア絶縁膜と前記第2のバリア絶縁膜と前
記第3の絶縁膜とを貫通するスルーホールを形成する工程、
(i)前記スルーホールの内部に第2の導体膜を形成する工程を有し、
前記(a)工程で、前記第1の絶縁膜はSiO2、SiOFまたはSiOCからなるプラズマCVD膜であり、前記第2の絶縁膜は有機膜であり、前記配線溝は前記第1の絶縁膜の膜厚よりも浅く形成し、
前記(e)工程で、前記第2の絶縁膜の除去は、前記第1の絶縁膜がエッチングストッパとなる還元性エッチングガスを用い、前記第2の絶縁膜の厚さ方向に、前記第2の絶縁膜を前記第1の絶縁膜が露出するところまで除去するようにエッチングするものである、
ことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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