JP5390308B2 - How to improve soft ground - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a soft ground improving method for improving soft ground having a high water content such as bottom mud of a pond.

  Conventionally, by removing the bottom mud accumulated in a lake such as a pond, the amount of water stored in the pond has been recovered or the water quality has been improved (see Patent Document 1).

  For example, dredging has conventionally been performed to remove bottom mud, but because the bottom mud is pumped up with water stored, sludge-like ultra-soft clay soil with a very high water content is generated. And had to be treated as industrial waste.

  In addition, when draining the pond and excavating from the bank with a backhoe, the water content of the bottom mud is high, so it must be treated as industrial waste unless the excavated soil is dewatered separately. It was.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, since water has been drained, cement is added to the bottom mud of the pond, and after stirring and mixing to improve to a predetermined strength, the improved soil is excavated to repair and reinforce the dam body. Techniques for performing the above are disclosed.

  On the other hand, in Patent Documents 2 and 3, a vertical drain material is driven into soft ground, the vertical drain material and a horizontal drain material arranged at the head thereof are connected and connected to a vacuum pump, and the soft ground is sealed with an airtight sheet. A vacuum consolidation method is disclosed in which a soft ground is consolidated by covering and operating a vacuum pump.

Japanese Patent No. 3241339 Japanese Patent No. 3855195 JP 2001-226951 A

  However, the method of mixing cement with the bottom mud disclosed in Patent Document 1 increases the cost of materials such as cement and requires a cement curing period. Moreover, since solid components such as cement remain, there is a risk of affecting the water quality of the pond.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving a soft ground that allows quick dehydration from the original soft ground without adding a solidifying material or the like.

  In order to achieve the above object, the soft ground improvement method of the present invention is a soft ground improvement method for improving soft ground having a high water content ratio, wherein one end of the drain material connected to a vacuum pump is connected to the soft ground. Laying on the surface of the ground and sinking in the depth direction to place a plurality of drain materials in the soft ground horizontally, covering the surface of the soft ground with an airtight sheet, and operating the vacuum pump And a step of dehydrating the soft ground through the drain material.

  Here, the drain material may be configured to include a perforated tube having a plurality of holes provided on the peripheral surface.

  The plurality of drain materials may be connected by connecting drain materials whose both ends communicate with each drain material. Further, the connecting drain material is preferably longer than the interval between the drain materials. The connecting drain material can be formed of a flexible material.

  Further, the connecting drain material may be provided with a branch portion that branches in the middle, and a plurality of branch portions may be provided.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the drain material is settled to the bottom of the soft ground.

  The improvement method of the soft ground according to the present invention configured as described above is that the drain material is disposed sideways in the soft ground, and the inside of the soft ground blocked from the outside air by the airtight sheet is made negative pressure, so that the original position is obtained. In dehydration.

  Therefore, the chemical properties of the soft ground are not changed, and the dehydration can be efficiently performed by the drain material embedded in the soft ground directly in the lateral direction.

  Moreover, if the drain material is provided with a pipe material, it is easy to ensure a desired bending rigidity and can be easily pushed into the soft ground.

  Furthermore, if the drain materials are connected by the connecting drain material, the drainage can be efficiently performed even from the soft ground between the drain materials. Further, by making the connecting drain material longer than the interval between the drain materials, the water collection distance becomes longer and dewatering can be performed from a wider range.

  Further, if the connecting drain material is formed of a flexible material, when the drain material is pushed in, it is bent due to resistance from below, and is arranged at a depth different from that of the drain material. In this manner, the drainage material is dispersedly arranged in the depth direction, so that dehydration can be performed in a three-dimensionally wide range.

  Furthermore, by providing the branch part by branching the connecting drain material, the total extension of the water collection distance becomes longer and the water collection range can be further expanded.

  Moreover, by letting the drain material settle to the bottom of the soft ground, the airtightness around the drain material is increased, and the water absorption efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, if the drain material is arrange | positioned at the bottom part of the soft ground, upper water will flow easily and it can improve a soft ground effectively in the depth direction.

It is explanatory drawing explaining the improvement method of the soft ground of embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining the state by which the drain material was embed | buried. It is the cross-sectional view which looked at the state by which the drain material was embed | buried in the AA arrow direction of FIG. It is a perspective view explaining the structure of the drain material of Example 1, and the drain material for connection. It is a cross-sectional view explaining the process of pushing the drain material of Example 1 into a soft ground. It is a cross-sectional view explaining the state by which the drain material of Example 1 was embed | buried. FIG. 10 is a plan view for explaining a drain material arrangement pattern of Example 2; It is a cross-sectional view explaining the state by which the connection drain material provided with the branch part of Example 3 was embed | buried. It is a cross-sectional view explaining the state by which the drain material for connection provided with the branch part of a form different from FIG. 8 was embed | buried.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining a method for improving the soft ground G according to the present embodiment. The soft ground G described in this embodiment is bottom mud that has settled and accumulated on the base G1 of the pond. Such soft ground G is deposited with a thickness of 1 to 2 m on the base G1.

  In improving the soft ground G, first, the water in the pond is drained to expose the surface of the soft ground G. Then, the horizontal drain 1 as the drain material is allowed to sink from the surface of the soft ground G toward the base G1.

  The horizontal drain 1 is a drainage material mainly composed of a perforated tube 11 having a plurality of holes 11a,... Perforated on a peripheral surface, and a filter portion 12 covering the peripheral surface.

  The perforated tube 11 is formed by perforating holes 11a,... Around a vinyl chloride tube, a steel tube or the like so that the inside and outside of the tube penetrate. And the water | moisture content of the soft ground G is taken in in a pipe | tube through this hole 11a.

  Moreover, the filter part 12 is formed in the sheet form with the nonwoven fabric, the woven fabric, etc., is wound around the outer periphery of the perforated pipe | tube 11, and plays the role which prevents clogging of the hole 11a, .... Furthermore, one end of the perforated pipe 11 is closed by the lid portion 11b, and the penetration of the earth and sand of the soft ground G into the pipe is prevented.

  On the other hand, one end of the connecting tube 21 is connected to the other end of the perforated tube 11. The connection pipe 21 is connected to the vacuum pump 2 via a connection hose 22. Further, the connecting pipe 21 branches off at a connection portion with the connecting hose 22 and is also connected to another horizontal drain 1.

  In this way, the horizontal drains 1 and 1 connected to the connection pipe 21 are arranged in parallel. In addition, in FIG. 1, although the structure where two horizontal drains 1 and 1 were simply connected to one vacuum pump 2 was shown, it is not limited to this, and soft ground G to be improved Three or more horizontal drains 1,... Can be arranged according to the size.

  Further, the horizontal drains 1 and 1 are only laid on the surface of the soft ground G and are pushed in the depth direction by their own weight. Furthermore, in order to accelerate settling, a downward force can be applied to the horizontal drains 1 and 1 using a heavy machine such as a backhoe.

  The surface of the soft ground G in which the horizontal drains 1 and 1 are embedded is covered with an airtight sheet 3 such as a vinyl chloride sheet. As shown in FIG. 2, the edge portion 3a of the airtight sheet 3 is pushed into the base G1 using a fixing tool 31 or the like so that the outside air does not enter the soft ground G side from the edge portion 3a.

  FIG. 2 shows a part of the perforated tube 11 and the filter portion 12 in a broken view in order to explain the configuration of the horizontal drain 1 embedded in the soft ground G. That is, water contained in the soft ground G soaks into the filter portion 12 as indicated by an arrow, and is taken into the pipe from the holes 11a,. Then, it is discharged through the inside of the perforated tube 11 by the suction force of the vacuum pump 2.

  Further, when water or gas in the soft ground G is sucked out by the suction of the vacuum pump 2, the inside of the soft ground G covered with the airtight sheet 3 is in a negative pressure state, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. It is loaded with atmospheric pressure as a load.

  And the soft ground G is compressed by the loading by this atmospheric pressure, and dehydration is accelerated | stimulated. 3 is a cross-sectional view seen in the direction of arrows AA in FIG.

  Next, the improvement method of the soft ground G of this Embodiment and its effect | action are demonstrated.

  First, the water in the pond is drained to expose the surface of the soft ground G as shown in FIG. Subsequently, two horizontal drains 1 and 1 are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval in a work yard outside the pond, and a connecting pipe 21 is connected to each end thereof. In addition, although the connection hose 22 is connected to this connection pipe 21, the connection hose 22 and the vacuum pump 2 do not need to be connected at this stage.

  Then, when the horizontal drains 1 and 1 are lifted by a crane while being turned sideways and lowered onto the soft ground G, the horizontal drains 1 and 1 start to sink due to their own weight. These horizontal drains 1 and 1 are pushed to the vicinity of the base G1 as shown in FIGS.

  Thereafter, the airtight sheet 3 is laid on the soft ground G, and the edge 3a is fixed by the fixing tool 31 as shown in FIG. 2 so that the soft ground G is insulated from the outside air. When the vacuum pump 2 connected to the connection hose 22 is operated in this state, the gas and water in the soft ground G are sucked through the horizontal drains 1, 1, and atmospheric pressure is loaded on the airtight sheet 3.

  And the soft ground G is compressed by this loading, and the water in the soft ground G flows in the horizontal drains 1 and 1 with high water flow capacity in the process, and is dehydrated. Since this dehydration process is forcibly performed under the airtight sheet 3, the dehydration process is less affected by the weather than sun-dried.

  Further, after the dehydration process is completed, the airtight sheet 3 is removed, and the improved bottom mud (soft ground G) is excavated by a heavy machine such as a backhoe. Since this excavation is for ground with a reduced moisture content, excavation efficiency is good. Furthermore, if the backhoe is improved to a level higher than the ground contact pressure, the backhoe can be put into the pond and work can be performed efficiently.

  And the excavated earth and sand can be used for the embankment material etc. which reinforce the dam body of a pond. Moreover, even if there is a surplus, the excavated soil after dewatering does not become industrial waste, but can be effectively used as embankment material or backfill soil at other sites.

  In the improvement method of the soft ground G of the present embodiment configured as described above, the horizontal drains 1 and 1 are arranged directly in the lateral direction in the soft ground G to be improved, and are shielded from the outside air by the airtight sheet 3. By depressurizing the soft ground G, dehydration is performed in situ.

  For this reason, improvement can be performed without mixing solidifying materials such as cement, and the chemical properties of the soft ground G are not changed, so that environmental loads such as contamination of the surrounding ground and water quality do not occur. Moreover, since material costs, such as cement, do not incur, it can implement cheaply.

  Furthermore, since the horizontal drains 1 and 1 are embedded in the soft ground G directly in the horizontal direction, dewatering can be performed efficiently from a wide range in a plane.

  Further, if the horizontal drain 1 is provided with a tube material such as a perforated tube 11, it is easy to ensure a desired bending rigidity, and it is easier and softer than a drain material formed in a flexible belt shape with paper or plastic. It can be pushed into the ground G.

  Further, if the horizontal drain 1 has a desired bending rigidity, plastic deformation does not occur due to the pushing, so that the horizontal drain 1 can be arranged almost horizontally in the soft ground G.

  Further, by pushing the horizontal drain 1 to the bottom of the soft ground G, airtightness is increased by the earth and sand surrounding the horizontal drain 1 and the water absorption efficiency can be improved.

  Further, if the horizontal drain 1 is disposed at the bottom of the soft ground G, the water in the upper layer of the soft ground G can easily flow into the horizontal drain 1, and the soft ground G can be effectively improved in the depth direction.

  Hereinafter, Example 1 of a form different from the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The description of the same or equivalent parts as those described in the above embodiment will be given the same reference numerals.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a configuration in which horizontal drains 1 and 1 arranged in parallel are connected by belt-like drains 4 and 4 as connecting drain materials will be described.

  The belt-like drain 4 may be formed into a belt-like shape by accommodating a core material such as a concavo-convex resin plate or a lattice plate having a concavo-convex shape in a water-permeable bag such as a nonwoven fabric. Moreover, the strip | belt-shaped drain 4 has flexibility, and can be conveyed with the packaged form wound up.

  The belt-like drain 4 is a drainage material that takes in groundwater or the like from a side surface formed of a nonwoven fabric or the like and transports the water taken in the longitudinal direction of the belt-like drain 4.

  In Example 1, the end 4a of the strip drain 4 is joined so as to communicate with the inner space of the perforated tube 11 as shown in FIGS. 4 to connect water.

  As the belt-like drain 4, one longer than the arrangement interval of the horizontal drains 1 and 1 is used as shown in FIG. For this reason, before pushing into the soft ground G, it is in the bent state.

  When the horizontal drains 1 and 1 connected by the belt-like drain 4 are pushed into the soft ground G, as shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal drains 1 and 1 sink to the vicinity of the base G1, but the belt-like drain 4 is soft ground. It is arranged in a state where it rises like an arch due to the resistance from below G.

  When the horizontal drains 1 and 1 are connected by the belt-like drain 4 as described above, dehydration can be efficiently performed also from the soft ground G between the horizontal drains 1 and 1. Further, since water is taken in from the soft ground G in contact with the belt-like drain 4 as shown by the arrows in FIG. 6, the water collection distance becomes longer by making it longer than the interval between the horizontal drains 1 and 1, and a wider range. The soft ground G can be dehydrated.

  Further, if the belt-like drain 4 is formed of a flexible material and spreads in the depth direction by the deposition of the horizontal drains 1, 1, the belt-like drain 4 has a depth different from that of the horizontal drains 1, 1. Since it is arranged so as to be spread, dehydration can be performed from the soft ground G in a wide range in three dimensions.

  Other configurations and functions and effects are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment or other examples, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  Hereinafter, Example 2 of a form different from the above-described embodiment and examples will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same or equivalent parts as those described in the embodiment or examples will be given with the same reference numerals.

  In the embodiment and Example 1, the case where two parallel horizontal drains 1 and 1 are arranged in a simplified manner for the sake of explanation has been described. However, it is necessary to arrange the horizontal drain 1 over the entire area according to the size of the soft ground G to be improved. For example, a plurality of sets of combinations of the two horizontal drains 1 and 1 and the vacuum pump 2 described in the above embodiment and Example 1 can be prepared and arranged over the entire soft ground G.

  In the second embodiment, a case where four horizontal drains 1,... Are connected to one vacuum pump 2 will be described. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the ends of the four horizontal drains 1,... Arranged in parallel at intervals are connected to the connection pipe 23 provided with the four branch pipes 23 a. Each is connected. One end of the connection hose 22 is connected near the center of the connection pipe 23, and the other end of the connection hose 22 is connected to the vacuum pump 2.

  Further, the horizontal drains 1 and 1 are connected by a plurality of strip drains 4. The connecting positions of the strip drains 4,... Can be shifted between the horizontal drains 1, 1 as shown in FIG.

  As described above, by arranging the strip-like drains 4... In a dispersed manner, joining with the horizontal drains 1. Moreover, if the strip | belt-shaped drains 4, ... are disperse | distributed and arrange | positioned in the whole area of the soft ground G, it can dehydrate equally from each area | region.

  Other configurations and functions and effects are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment or other examples, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  Hereinafter, Example 3 of a form different from the above-described embodiment and examples will be described with reference to FIGS. The description of the same or equivalent parts as those described in the embodiment or examples will be given with the same reference numerals.

  In the third embodiment, connecting drains 5 and 6 as connecting drain materials having branch parts 51 and 61 will be described.

  First, the connecting drain 5 shown in FIG. 8 includes a portal-shaped main body 52 that connects the horizontal drains 1, 1, and a branch 51 that branches from the vicinity of the center of the main body 52 and hangs down. .

  Both ends 5a, 5a of the main body 52 are joined so as to communicate with the inner space of the perforated tubes 11, 11 of the horizontal drains 1, 1, respectively. The main body 52 is held in a gate shape by a core material such as synthetic resin.

  And if it is the communication drain 5 provided with the branch part 51, the water of the soft ground G is collected also in the branch part 51 as shown by the arrow, and the horizontal drain 1, together with the water collection in the gate-shaped main body part 52, 1 is efficiently transported to water (see broken arrow). For this reason, dehydration of the soft ground G between the horizontal drains 1 and 1 can be performed reliably.

  On the other hand, the connecting drain 6 shown in FIG. 9 includes a plate-like main body portion 62 that connects the horizontal drains 1 and 1 and a branch portion 61 that branches from the vicinity of the center of the main body portion 62 and stands upward. And.

  Both ends 6a, 6a of the main body 62 are joined so as to communicate with the inner spaces of the perforated tubes 11, 11 of the horizontal drains 1, 1, respectively. The main body 62 is held in a plate shape by a core material such as synthetic resin.

  And if it is the communication drain 6 provided with the branch part 61, the water of the soft ground G will be collected also in the branch part 61 as shown by the arrow, and the horizontal drain 1, together with the water collection in the main-body part 62 near the bottom part. 1 is efficiently transported to water (see broken arrow). For this reason, dehydration of the soft ground G between the horizontal drains 1 and 1 can be performed reliably.

  Thus, by providing the branch portions 51 and 61 by branching the connecting drains 5 and 6, the total extension of the water collection distance can be increased and the water collection range can be further expanded. Further, the branch portions 51 and 61 are not limited to one, and a plurality of branch portions 51 and 61 can be provided in the main body portions 52 and 62.

  Other configurations and functions and effects are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment or other examples, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the embodiment and the example, and the design change is within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention. Are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment and examples, the method of performing forced dehydration from the bottom mud of the pond has been described, but the method is not limited thereto, and soft ground such as shallow ground in a landfill is not limited. The present invention can also be applied when improving.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment and Example, although the horizontal drain 1 was pushed in to the bottom part of the soft ground G, it is not limited to this, The horizontal drain 1 is made into arbitrary positions, such as making it float in the intermediate position of the soft ground G. Can be arranged.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment and Example, although the horizontal drain 1 was arrange | positioned substantially horizontally on the soft ground G, it is not limited to this, A drain material may also be arrange | positioned diagonally in the soft ground G. it can.

G Soft ground 1 Horizontal drain (drain material)
11 Perforated tube 11a Hole 2 Vacuum pumps 21 and 23 Connection tube 22 Connection hose 3 Airtight sheet 4 Strip-shaped drain
4a End 5, 6 Connection drain (Drain material for connection)
5a, 6a End 51, 61 Branch

Claims (7)

A method for improving soft ground, which improves soft ground with a high moisture content,
A step of arranging a plurality of drain materials laterally in the soft ground by laying down the drain material, one end of which is connected to a vacuum pump, in the depth direction while lying on the surface of the soft ground;
Covering the surface of the soft ground with an airtight sheet;
A step of dehydrating the soft ground through the drain material by operating the vacuum pump ,
A method for improving soft ground, characterized in that the plurality of drain materials are connected by connecting drain materials joined so that both ends thereof communicate with each drain material .   The said drain material is equipped with the perforated pipe | tube with which the some hole was provided in the surrounding surface, The improvement method of the soft ground of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The contact for drain materials, improved method of soft ground according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that longer than the interval of the drain member. The method for improving a soft ground according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the connecting drain material is formed of a flexible material. The method for improving soft ground according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the drain material for connection includes a branch portion that branches in the middle. An improved method of soft ground that improves soft ground with a high water content,
A step of arranging a plurality of drain materials laterally in the soft ground by laying down the drain material, one end of which is connected to a vacuum pump, in the depth direction while lying on the surface of the soft ground;
Covering the surface of the soft ground with an airtight sheet;
A step of dehydrating the soft ground through the drain material by operating the vacuum pump,
Between a plurality of said drain member, while being connected by contact for the drain member, the contact for drain materials, improved method of soft weak soil you characterized by comprising a branch unit for branching in the middle.   The method for improving soft ground according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the drain material is allowed to sink to the bottom of the soft ground.

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