JP5373981B2 - 環状に配置された送達装置および取出し装置を有する化学反応器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
環状に配置された送達装置および取出し装置を有する化学反応器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5373981B2 JP5373981B2 JP2012553076A JP2012553076A JP5373981B2 JP 5373981 B2 JP5373981 B2 JP 5373981B2 JP 2012553076 A JP2012553076 A JP 2012553076A JP 2012553076 A JP2012553076 A JP 2012553076A JP 5373981 B2 JP5373981 B2 JP 5373981B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- delivery system
- reaction region
- reactant
- reaction vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 139
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000852 hydrogen donor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 methane Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoprophos Chemical compound CCCSP(=O)(OCC)SCCC VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/20—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B23/00—Other methods of heating coke ovens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/007—Screw type gasifiers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00722—Communications; Identification
- G01N35/00871—Communications between instruments or with remote terminals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
- B01J2219/00085—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
- B01J2219/00135—Electric resistance heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00159—Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/187—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor inclined at an angle to the horizontal or to the vertical plane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0485—Composition of the impurity the impurity being a sulfur compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
- C01B2203/0883—Methods of cooling by indirect heat exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1284—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind
- C10J2300/1292—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind mSolar energy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/405—Concentrating samples by adsorption or absorption
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N2001/021—Correlating sampling sites with geographical information, e.g. GPS
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
- G01N35/00613—Quality control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
本発明は、2010年2月13日出願の米国特許出願第61/304,403号明細書、件名「FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE」の優先権および特典を主張する。同出願は参照により全体を本明細書に援用する。前述の出願および/または参照により本明細書に援用されるいずれの他の資料も本明細書に示された開示と矛盾する場合には、本明細書の開示が優先する。
化学反応器内で反応体および生成物を取り扱う装置、システムおよび方法のいくつかの例が以下に説明される。特定の実施形態において、それらの装置は、反応体が圧縮され、加熱される効率を向上させて、反応の全体効率を向上させることができる。それらの装置を備える反応器を使用して、バイオマスおよび/または他の廃棄物流から水素燃料および/または他の有用な最終生成物を生成することができる。したがって、反応器は清浄燃焼性燃料を生成することができ、ポリマーおよび炭素複合材料を含む耐久財に使用するために、炭素および/または他の成分を再利用することができる。以下の説明は、当業者がそれら例を実施し、製作し、使用することを可能にするために十分なように、下記の例の多くの特定の細部を示すが、以下に説明されるいくつかの細部および利点は、本技術の特定の例を実施するために必要ないこともある。さらに、本技術は、特許請求の範囲には包含されるが、ここでは詳細には説明されていない別の例も含み得る。
図1は、反応領域111を有する反応容器110を備えるシステム100の部分的に概略化された図である。システム100は、反応領域111に太陽エネルギー103を導く太陽エネルギー収集装置101をさらに備える。太陽エネルギー収集装置101は、皿配置、樋配置、ヘリオスタット配置、フレネルレンズおよび/または他の放射集束要素を含み得る。反応容器110および太陽エネルギー収集装置101は架台102に取り付けることができ、架台102は、地球の回転に従って太陽エネルギー103を効率的に集束させ続けるために、太陽エネルギー収集装置101が、直交する少なくとも2つの軸を軸に回転することを可能にする。システム100は、第1の反応体容器170aおよび第2の反応体容器170bならびに第1の生成物容器170cおよび第2の生成物容器170dを含む複数の反応体/生成物容器170をさらに備え得る。特定の実施形態において、第1の反応体容器170aは、メタンなどの水素および炭素を含む反応体を供給することができ、この反応体は、反応領域111において吸熱反応で処理されて水素および炭素を生成し、生成された水素および炭素はそれぞれ、第1の生成物容器170cおよび第2の生成物容器170dに送られる。他の実施形態では、他の反応体、たとえば地方自治体の固体廃棄物流、バイオマス反応体および/または他の廃棄物流を、第2の反応体容器170bの一部を形成するホッパ171に投入することができる。これらのどの実施形態でも、内部の反応体送達システムおよび内部の生成物取出しシステムが、反応体を反応領域111に供給し、反応領域111から生成物を取り出す。これについては図3〜6を参照して後により詳細に説明する。
Claims (19)
- 反応領域の近くに光透過性面を有する反応容器と、
前記反応容器内に配置された可動性の反応体送達システムと、
前記反応容器内に配置され、前記送達システムの内側または外側に環状に配置された生成物取出しシステムと、
前記光透過性面を通して前記反応領域に太陽放射を導くように配置された太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
を備え、
前記生成物取出しシステムは、前記反応領域から生成物を運搬するように配置された外側へ延びる螺旋形のスレッドを有する回転可能なスクリューを備える、
ことを特徴とする化学反応器。 - 前記生成物取出しシステムは、前記反応体送達システムに熱を伝達するために、前記反応体送達システムと熱連通した状態に配置されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 前記スクリューは、回転軸に沿って延びており、前記回転軸を軸に回転可能であり、
前記螺旋形のスレッドのピッチは、前記回転軸に沿って変化する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 前記スクリューは、回転軸に沿って延びており、前記回転軸を軸に回転可能であり、
前記螺旋形のスレッドの半径方向の幅は、前記回転軸に沿って変化する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 前記反応体送達システムは、前記反応領域に向かって一定量ずつ移動可能なピストンを備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。
- 前記反応領域に動作可能に結合されて、前記反応領域に熱を導く燃焼器と、
入射太陽放射を検出するように配置されたセンサと、
前記燃焼器および前記センサに動作可能に結合されて、前記入射太陽放射がしきい値レベルよりも低下したときに前記燃焼器を作動させるコントローラと、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 固体反応体の供給源をさらに備え、
前記反応体送達システムは、前記供給源と前記反応領域の間に延在する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 気体反応体の供給源をさらに備え、
前記反応体送達システムは、前記供給源と前記反応領域の間に延在する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 炭化水素反応体の供給源をさらに備え、
前記反応体送達システムは、前記供給源と前記反応領域の間に延在する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 反応体の供給源をさらに備え、
前記供給源は窒素を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反応器。 - 光透過性面を有する円筒形の反応容器であって、前記光透過性面は、前記容器内に配置された反応領域の近くにあり、前記反応領域の境界をなす反応容器と、
前記反応容器内に配置された反応体送達システムであって、外側へ延びる第1の螺旋形のスレッドを有する、回転軸を軸に回転可能な第1のスクリューシャフトを備え、前記第1のスクリューシャフトは前記反応領域まで延びており、前記回転軸に沿って延びる第1の軸方向開口を有する反応体送達システムと、
前記反応容器内に配置された生成物取出しシステムであって、前記第1のスクリューシャフトの前記第1の軸方向の開口内に、前記第1のスクリューシャフトと熱連通した状態で同心に配置された第2のスクリューシャフトを備え、前記第2のスクリューシャフトは、外側へ延びる第2の螺旋形のスレッドを有し、前記回転軸を軸に回転可能であり、前記第2のスクリューシャフトは前記反応領域まで延びており、前記回転軸に沿って延びる第2の軸方向の開口を有する生成物取出しシステムと、
前記光透過性面を通して前記反応領域に太陽放射を導くように配置された太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする化学反応器。 - 前記螺旋形のスレッドの半径方向の幅は、前記回転軸に沿って狭くなる、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の反応器。
- 前記第1の螺旋形のスレッドのピッチは、前記回転軸に沿って小さくなる、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の反応器。
- 反応領域の近くに光透過性面を有する反応容器と、
前記反応容器内に配置された可動性の反応体送達システムと、
前記反応容器内に配置され、前記送達システムの内側または外側に環状に配置された生成物取出しシステムと、
前記光透過性面を通して前記反応領域に太陽放射を導くように配置された太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
を備え、
前記反応体送達システムは、前記反応領域に向かって一定量ずつ移動可能なピストンを備える、
ことを特徴とする化学反応器。 - 反応領域の近くに光透過性面を有する反応容器と、
前記反応容器内に配置された可動性の反応体送達システムと、
前記反応容器内に配置され、前記送達システムの内側または外側に環状に配置された生成物取出しシステムと、
前記光透過性面を通して前記反応領域に太陽放射を導くように配置された太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
前記反応領域に動作可能に結合されて、前記反応領域に熱を導く燃焼器領域と、
入射太陽放射を検出するように配置されたセンサと、
前記燃焼器および前記センサに動作可能に結合されて、前記入射太陽放射がしきい値レベルよりも低下したときに前記燃焼器を作動させるコントローラと、
を備えることを特徴とする化学反応器。 - 反応領域の近くに光透過性面を有する反応容器と、
前記反応容器内に配置され、反応体を軸に沿って運搬することができる可動性の反応体送達システムと、
前記反応容器内に配置され、前記送達システムの内側または外側に環状に配置された生成物取出しシステムと、
前記光透過性面を通して前記反応領域に太陽放射を導くように配置された太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
を備え、
前記反応領域は、前記軸を中心に回転されている、ことを特徴とする化学反応器。 - 前記反応体送達システムは、前記反応領域に反応体を運搬するように配置された外側へ延びる螺旋形のスレッドを有する回転可能なスクリューを備える、ことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の反応器。
- 前記スクリューは、回転軸に沿って延びており、前記回転軸を軸に回転可能であり、
前記螺旋形のスレッドのピッチは、前記回転軸に沿って変化する、
ことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の反応器。 - 前記スクリューは、回転軸に沿って延びて、前記回転軸を軸に回転可能であり、
前記螺旋形のスレッドの半径方向の幅は、前記回転軸に沿って変化する、
ことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の反応器。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US30440310P | 2010-02-13 | 2010-02-13 | |
US61/304,403 | 2010-02-13 | ||
PCT/US2011/024761 WO2011100689A2 (en) | 2010-02-13 | 2011-02-14 | Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013519507A JP2013519507A (ja) | 2013-05-30 |
JP5373981B2 true JP5373981B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
Family
ID=48048334
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012553076A Expired - Fee Related JP5373981B2 (ja) | 2010-02-13 | 2011-02-14 | 環状に配置された送達装置および取出し装置を有する化学反応器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8187549B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2533889A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5373981B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101344204B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102844107B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2011216234B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112012020269A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2788540C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011100689A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8940265B2 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2015-01-27 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Sustainable economic development through integrated production of renewable energy, materials resources, and nutrient regimes |
US9188086B2 (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2015-11-17 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Coupled thermochemical reactors and engines, and associated systems and methods |
US8318131B2 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2012-11-27 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Chemical processes and reactors for efficiently producing hydrogen fuels and structural materials, and associated systems and methods |
US9097152B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2015-08-04 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Energy system for dwelling support |
US8814983B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2014-08-26 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Delivery systems with in-line selective extraction devices and associated methods of operation |
US9231267B2 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2016-01-05 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable energy |
US8441361B2 (en) * | 2010-02-13 | 2013-05-14 | Mcallister Technologies, Llc | Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems |
US8808529B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2014-08-19 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable material resources using solar thermal |
WO2011100704A2 (en) * | 2010-02-13 | 2011-08-18 | Mcalister Roy E | Chemical reactors with re-radiating surfaces and associated systems and methods |
EP2534097B1 (en) * | 2010-02-13 | 2015-10-07 | McAlister Technologies, LLC | Reactor vessels with pressure and heat transfer features for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods |
WO2011100699A2 (en) * | 2010-02-13 | 2011-08-18 | Mcalister Roy E | Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods |
US9950305B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2018-04-24 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Solar thermochemical processing system and method |
US8821602B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-09-02 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for providing supplemental aqueous thermal energy |
US9039327B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2015-05-26 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for collecting and processing permafrost gases, and for cooling permafrost |
US8734546B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-05-27 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Geothermal energization of a non-combustion chemical reactor and associated systems and methods |
WO2013025659A1 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles, includings for chemical reactors, and associated systems and methods |
US8671870B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-03-18 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for extracting and processing gases from submerged sources |
WO2013025647A2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Fuel-cell systems operable in multiple modes for variable processing of feedstock materials and associated devices, systems, and methods |
US8888408B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-11-18 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for collecting and processing permafrost gases, and for cooling permafrost |
WO2013025650A1 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Mobile transport platforms for producing hydrogen and structural materials and associated systems and methods |
US8911703B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-12-16 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles, including for chemical reactors, and associated systems and methods |
US8826657B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-09-09 | Mcallister Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for providing supplemental aqueous thermal energy |
US8669014B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-03-11 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Fuel-cell systems operable in multiple modes for variable processing of feedstock materials and associated devices, systems, and methods |
ES2949974T3 (es) | 2014-02-07 | 2023-10-04 | Nicolas Ugolin | Procedimiento que utiliza energía térmica solar acoplada a plasmas y dispositivo asociado |
CN110975783B (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-07-13 | 西安石油大学 | 一种旋转导流结构太阳能热化学反应装置 |
Family Cites Families (92)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4053576A (en) | 1975-05-19 | 1977-10-11 | The Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | System for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water using solar energy |
US4070861A (en) * | 1976-02-10 | 1978-01-31 | Solar Reactor Corporation | Solar reactor combustion chamber |
US4172506A (en) | 1975-07-10 | 1979-10-30 | Terry Melvin D | Fluid bearing |
US4099489A (en) | 1975-10-06 | 1978-07-11 | Bradley Curtis E | Fuel regenerated non-polluting internal combustion engine |
US4019868A (en) | 1976-03-24 | 1977-04-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Solar hydrogen generator |
US4138993A (en) | 1977-01-10 | 1979-02-13 | Conley William M | Solar heater |
US4229184A (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1980-10-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Apparatus and method for solar coal gasification |
CA1165695A (en) | 1979-05-25 | 1984-04-17 | John B. Wilson | Hydrogen supplemented diesel electric locomotive |
EP0030122B1 (en) | 1979-11-28 | 1983-05-11 | Team Lotus International Limited | Ground effect vehicle |
US4455045A (en) | 1981-10-26 | 1984-06-19 | Wheeler Gary O | Means for maintaining attached flow of a flowing medium |
US4549528A (en) * | 1984-02-21 | 1985-10-29 | Focus Environmental Systems | Method and apparatus for solar destruction of toxic and hazardous materials |
US4601508A (en) | 1984-06-18 | 1986-07-22 | Kerian Paul D | Streamlining appendage for vehicles |
US4611847A (en) | 1985-10-18 | 1986-09-16 | Navistar International Corporation | Inflatable and extendable vehicle skirt |
US4706651A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-11-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Solar solids reactor |
US4746160A (en) | 1986-06-30 | 1988-05-24 | Wiesemeyer Robert L | Streamlined truck with semitrailer |
US4921580A (en) | 1988-08-10 | 1990-05-01 | Providencio Martes | Solar water distiller |
DE3837729A1 (de) | 1988-11-07 | 1990-05-10 | Dieter Prof Dr Ing Geropp | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reduzieren des stroemungswiderstandes im heckbereich eines fahrzeugs, z. b. eines strassen- oder schienenfahrzeugs oder dergleichen |
US6756140B1 (en) | 1989-06-12 | 2004-06-29 | Mcalister Roy E. | Energy conversion system |
US6155212A (en) | 1989-06-12 | 2000-12-05 | Mcalister; Roy E. | Method and apparatus for operation of combustion engines |
US5119897A (en) | 1989-07-25 | 1992-06-09 | Takumi Moriwake | Means for mounting a skirt on an air cushion vehicle |
US4978162A (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1990-12-18 | Labbe Francois P | Drag reducer for rear end of vehicle |
US5058945A (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1991-10-22 | Elliott Sr Morris C | Long-haul vehicle streamline apparatus |
US5280990A (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1994-01-25 | Rinard Gordon L | Vehicle drag reduction system |
GB9121455D0 (en) | 1991-10-10 | 1991-11-27 | Rolls Royce Plc | Control of boundary layer flow |
IL100520A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1995-12-31 | Yeda Res & Dev | Solar energy gasification of solid carbonaceous material in liquid dispersion |
US5348774A (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1994-09-20 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Method of rapidly densifying a porous structure |
US5560443A (en) | 1994-09-26 | 1996-10-01 | Dubose; Ralph K. | Hovercraft having segmented skirt which reduces plowing |
US5498059A (en) | 1994-09-28 | 1996-03-12 | Switlik; Stanley | Apparatus for reducing drag |
JPH09122461A (ja) | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-13 | Nitto Denko Corp | ポリイミド系半透膜 |
JP3573392B2 (ja) | 1996-12-09 | 2004-10-06 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | 光触媒体、光源および照明器具 |
CZ365396A3 (cs) | 1996-12-12 | 1998-06-17 | Vladislav Ing. Csc. Poulek | Zařízení pro orientaci kolektorů sluneční energie |
US7714258B2 (en) | 1997-04-04 | 2010-05-11 | Robert Dalton | Useful energy product |
US6068328A (en) | 1997-11-25 | 2000-05-30 | Gazdzinski; Robert F. | Vehicular boundary layer control system and method |
US6081183A (en) | 1998-04-24 | 2000-06-27 | Eaton Corporation | Resistor adapted for use in forced ventilation dynamic braking applications |
US5986429A (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1999-11-16 | Mula, Jr.; John | Battery charging system for electric vehicles |
GB2340080B (en) | 1998-07-29 | 2001-10-31 | Leslie Dilks | Jet engine powered boats |
US6531704B2 (en) | 1998-09-14 | 2003-03-11 | Nanoproducts Corporation | Nanotechnology for engineering the performance of substances |
CH692927A5 (de) * | 1998-11-18 | 2002-12-13 | Scherrer Inst Paul | Vorrichung und Verfahren zur thermischen und thermochemischen Behandlung von metall- und kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien unter Nutzung von externer Wärmestrahlung als Prozesswärme. |
DE19912140C2 (de) | 1999-03-18 | 2001-04-26 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kraftfahrzeug mit Strömungsbeeinflussungsmitteln zur Reduzierung des Luftwiderstandes |
US6216599B1 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2001-04-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Ground effect transport system |
US6200069B1 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2001-03-13 | George Austin Miller | Hovercraft work platform |
US6092861A (en) | 1999-07-26 | 2000-07-25 | Whelan; William | Air drag reduction unit for vehicles |
US6309010B1 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 2001-10-30 | W. David Whitten | Collapsible streamlined tail for trucks and trailers |
DE60127734T2 (de) | 2000-01-19 | 2007-12-27 | Ube Industries, Ltd., Ube | Gastrennungsmembran und seine Verwendung |
US6508209B1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2003-01-21 | R. Kirk Collier, Jr. | Reformed natural gas for powering an internal combustion engine |
US7033570B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2006-04-25 | Regents Of The University Of Colorado | Solar-thermal fluid-wall reaction processing |
US6585785B1 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2003-07-01 | Harvest Energy Technology, Inc. | Fuel processor apparatus and control system |
US20060005738A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2006-01-12 | Kumar Ajith K | Railroad vehicle with energy regeneration |
US20060005739A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2006-01-12 | Kumar Ajith K | Railroad system comprising railroad vehicle with energy regeneration |
US20020166654A1 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-14 | Smalc Martin D. | Finned Heat Sink Assemblies |
AU2002363352A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2003-05-19 | The Pennsylvania State Research Foundation | Method of purifying nanotubes and nanofibers using electromagnetic radiation |
US20030031885A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2003-02-13 | Yen-Kuen Shiau | Method for aging wine |
US6409252B1 (en) | 2001-09-24 | 2002-06-25 | Paul Guy Andrus | Truck trailer drag reducer |
US6502533B1 (en) | 2001-09-29 | 2003-01-07 | George Beuan Kirby Meacham | Internal combustion fuel reforming |
US6749043B2 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2004-06-15 | General Electric Company | Locomotive brake resistor cooling apparatus |
US7140181B1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2006-11-28 | Reed Jensen | Reactor for solar processing of slightly-absorbing or transparent gases |
US7250151B2 (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2007-07-31 | Velocys | Methods of conducting simultaneous endothermic and exothermic reactions |
US6926345B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2005-08-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Apparatus and method for reducing drag of a bluff body in ground effect using counter-rotating vortex pairs |
US6838782B2 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2005-01-04 | Thomas H. Vu | Wind energy capturing device for moving vehicles |
US6897575B1 (en) | 2003-04-16 | 2005-05-24 | Xiaoying Yu | Portable wind power apparatus for electric vehicles |
US7632544B2 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2009-12-15 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Nanopatterned templates from oriented degradable diblock copolymer thin films |
US7799315B2 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2010-09-21 | Steven Amendola | Thermochemical hydrogen produced from a vanadium decomposition cycle |
US7722854B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2010-05-25 | Velocy's | Steam reforming methods and catalysts |
US20050272856A1 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2005-12-08 | Cooper Christopher H | Carbon nanotube containing materials and articles containing such materials for altering electromagnetic radiation |
US7449158B2 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2008-11-11 | Intevep, S.A. | Apparatus and gasification of carbonaceous solid materials |
US6854788B1 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2005-02-15 | Freight Wing Inc. | Device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance |
DE502005008677D1 (de) | 2004-05-04 | 2010-01-21 | Eltosch Torsten Schmidt Gmbh | Bestrahlungseinrichtung |
US7210467B2 (en) | 2004-06-22 | 2007-05-01 | Gas Technology Institute | Advanced high efficiency, ultra-low emission, thermochemically recuperated reciprocating internal combustion engine |
US7152908B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-12-26 | Khosrow Shahbazi | Systems, methods, and media for reducing the aerodynamic drag of vehicles |
US20060048808A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-09 | Ruckman Jack H | Solar, catalytic, hydrogen generation apparatus and method |
EP1658892A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-24 | Paul Scherrer Institut | Reactor for hot thermal or thermo-chemical material processes with cleaning capability and method for cleaning a hot inner surface of a reactor used for hot thermal or thermo-chemical material processes |
DE602005018675D1 (de) * | 2004-11-08 | 2010-02-11 | Scherrer Inst Paul | Mit solar-energie betriebener rotierender reaktor |
US7243980B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2007-07-17 | Philip Vala | Vehicle drag reduction apparatus |
US7293533B2 (en) | 2005-08-08 | 2007-11-13 | Utilization Technology Development, Nfp | Recuperative reforming reactor |
US7207620B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 | 2007-04-24 | Cosgrove William E | Aerodynamic drag reducing system with retrofittable, selectively removable frame |
US7211905B1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-01 | Mcdavid Jr William K | Vehicle-mounted generator |
US20070138006A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-21 | Oakes Thomas W | System and Method for Generating Hydrogen Gas |
CN101042261B (zh) * | 2006-03-22 | 2010-10-06 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 将太阳能转换为燃料化学能的方法及装置 |
FR2902416B1 (fr) * | 2006-06-15 | 2008-09-26 | Creative Services Sarl | Un reacteur avec gradient thermique controle pour la production d'hydrogene pur |
CN101522862A (zh) | 2006-08-29 | 2009-09-02 | 科罗拉多大学评议会公司 | 将生物质快速太阳能-热转换为合成气 |
US20100098599A1 (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2010-04-22 | John Carlton Mankins | Radiant energy thermochemical processing system |
US7955478B2 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2011-06-07 | Mcclure Miles | Solar distillation device |
CN101091900B (zh) * | 2007-04-13 | 2010-05-19 | 西安交通大学 | 一种基于复合抛物面聚光器的太阳能光催化反应器 |
US20080295883A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Varisolar Inc. | Adaptive solar concentrator system |
FR2923732B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-16 | 2011-03-04 | Nicolas Ugolin | Procede utilisant l'energie thermique solaire couplee a des plasmas pour produire un carburant liquide et du dihydrogene a partir de biomasse ou de charbon fossile (procede p-sl et p-sh) |
US7568479B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-08-04 | Mario Rabinowitz | Fresnel solar concentrator with internal-swivel and suspended swivel mirrors |
US7628137B1 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2009-12-08 | Mcalister Roy E | Multifuel storage, metering and ignition system |
US8459213B2 (en) | 2008-04-16 | 2013-06-11 | Donald E. Moriarty | Partially self-refueling low emissions vehicle and stationary power system |
CN101284222B (zh) * | 2008-06-11 | 2012-04-25 | 宜昌吉桌新能源科技有限公司 | 复聚光太阳能反应釜 |
US20090313886A1 (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-24 | Sundrop Fuels, Inc. | Various methods and apparatus for solar assisted chemical and energy processes |
CN101597025B (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-06-22 | 西安交通大学 | 太阳能热驱动的生物质超临界水气化制氢吸收反应器 |
US7884308B1 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-02-08 | Mejia Manuel J | Solar-powered sun tracker |
-
2011
- 2011-02-14 CA CA2788540A patent/CA2788540C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-14 KR KR1020127023837A patent/KR101344204B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-02-14 EP EP11742963.9A patent/EP2533889A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-14 BR BR112012020269A patent/BR112012020269A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-02-14 JP JP2012553076A patent/JP5373981B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-14 US US13/026,990 patent/US8187549B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-14 AU AU2011216234A patent/AU2011216234B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-02-14 CN CN201180009282.6A patent/CN102844107B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-14 WO PCT/US2011/024761 patent/WO2011100689A2/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101344204B1 (ko) | 2013-12-20 |
BR112012020269A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
WO2011100689A3 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
CA2788540A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
CA2788540C (en) | 2014-04-01 |
CN102844107B (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
WO2011100689A2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
CN102844107A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2533889A4 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
US8187549B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
AU2011216234A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
EP2533889A2 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
US20110209979A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
AU2011216234B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
JP2013519507A (ja) | 2013-05-30 |
KR20120129958A (ko) | 2012-11-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5373981B2 (ja) | 環状に配置された送達装置および取出し装置を有する化学反応器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 | |
US8624072B2 (en) | Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods | |
Weldekidan et al. | Review of solar energy for biofuel extraction | |
JP5726912B2 (ja) | 再放射面を有する化学反応器ならびにその関連システムおよび方法 | |
JP5726911B2 (ja) | 水素ベースの燃料および構造要素を生成する透過面を有する反応容器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 | |
CN105112080A (zh) | 一种太阳能热解反应装置 | |
CN104449847B (zh) | 一种太阳能驱动含碳物质反应及反应产物光催化的方法 | |
CN109135779B (zh) | 一种利用太阳能全天不间断热解生物质的装置 | |
Guo et al. | A review of solar thermochemical cycles for fuel production | |
CN105144450A (zh) | 用于原料材料的可变处理的在多种模式下可操作的燃料电池系统,以及相关联的装置、系统和方法 | |
AU2013200879B2 (en) | Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods | |
Singh et al. | Solar assisted gasification | |
AU2014246616A1 (en) | Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods | |
Akram et al. | Towards an improved pyrolysis system: Integrating solar energy based pre-heating system | |
Weldekidan et al. | Solar Energy for Biofuel Extraction | |
Levy | Comparative studies of direct and indirect absorption of concentrated solar flux for chemical storage of solar energy | |
CN103992817A (zh) | 一种全新高效的煤炭气化的技术 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130219 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130520 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130702 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130730 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130820 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130919 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |