JP5366357B2 - Method for starting fuel cell system and fuel cell system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel cell system activation method and a fuel cell system.

  In recent years, reformers (RF) that reform hydrocarbons such as natural gas, city gas, methanol, LPG, and butane into hydrogen as raw fuel, and CO transformation that transforms carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas Reactor (SH), CO remover (RM) that removes carbon monoxide, fuel cells that generate electricity using hydrogen from which carbon monoxide has been removed, and hydrogen burns until each reactor is stabilized at startup and shutdown As a small power source equipped with a reformer burner that burns unreacted hydrogen gas discharged from the fuel cell after power generation is started and supplies heat necessary for the reforming reaction of the reformer Fuel cell systems have been proposed.

FIG. 11 is a system diagram showing a flow of a conventional fuel cell system (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
A conventional fuel cell system GS includes a reformer (RF) 20 that reforms fuel to generate reformed gas, a shut-off valve 1, a shut-off valve 2 for supplying fuel to the reformer 20, and a desulfurizer. 21, a fuel supply means 22 connected to 21, a shutoff valve 4 for supplying water to the reformer 20, a water supply means 24 connected to the vaporizer 23, and a shutoff valve 1 and a shutoff valve 2 of the fuel supply means 22. A first fuel supply line 26 that branches from the line between them and supplies the first fuel to the combustion device (burner) 27 through the stop valve 3 and the control valve 25 and burns it to supply heat to the reformer 20; The unreacted gas in the fuel cell main body 28 is supplied as the second fuel to the combustion device 27 and combusted to supply heat to the reformer 20, and when the combustion in the combustion device 27 is performed. A flame detection device 30 that can detect the presence or absence of a flame and a combustion device 27 ignite the fuel And a CO converter (SH) 32 and a CO remover (RM) 33 for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas reformed by the reformer 20. CO reduction means 34 is provided.

Reference numeral 38 denotes a combustion air line for sending combustion air to the combustion means 27, and 39 denotes an electrochemical reaction air line for supplying air to the air electrode of the fuel cell main body 28.
Electricity between the reformed gas supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body 28 via the reformed gas supply line 35 and the oxygen in the air supplied to the air electrode of the fuel cell main body 28 via the electrochemical reaction air line 39. Electricity is generated by a chemical reaction.

Further, the conventional fuel cell system GS passes through the shutoff valve 6 of the line 36 branched from the line between the CO remover (RM) 33 of the reformed gas supply line 35 to the fuel cell main body 28 and the shutoff valve 5. A process gas burner (PG burner) 37 is provided to supply and burn the reformed gas that has not reached a stable specified value.
At the time of starting the conventional fuel cell system GS, the composition of the reformed gas that has passed through the reformer 20, the CO converter 32, and the CO remover 33 has not reached a stable specified value suitable for the operation of the fuel cell body 28. This gas cannot be supplied to the fuel cell body 28 until it is stabilized. Therefore, until each reactor is stabilized, the gas whose gas composition does not reach the specified value is introduced into the PG burner 37 and burned.
Reference numeral 40 denotes a combustion air line for sending combustion air to the PG burner 37.
The PG burner 37 is provided with a flame detection device 41 that can detect the presence or absence of a flame during combustion, and an ignition device 42 for igniting the reformed gas burned by the PG burner 37.

FIG. 12 (a) shows the inside of the reformer (RF) 20, the CO converter (SH) 32, and the CO remover (RM) 33 from the start of the conventional fuel cell system GS until stable power generation. Temperature (° C.) (represented in the graph as RF temperature, SH temperature, and RM temperature, respectively) (vertical axis on the left side), fuel cell body output (w) (vertical axis on the right side), and time (horizontal axis) (B) shows the relationship between the opening / closing of the closing valves 1 to 6, the on / off operation of the ignition devices 31, 42 and the flame detection devices 30, 41, and the time (horizontal axis). It is a graph to show.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart from when the conventional fuel cell system GS is started until power is stably generated.

When the conventional fuel cell system GS is activated, the ignition device 31 is operated and the shut-off valves 1 and 3 are opened, so that the fuel gas such as natural gas, city gas, methanol, LPG, butane, etc. After that, the fuel is supplied to the combustion device (burner) 27 through the closing valve 3 and the regulating valve 25 of the first fuel supply line 26, and air is supplied through the combustion air line 38 to burn. The reformer 20 is heated by the combustion heat, and the temperature rises.
The flame detection device 30 is operated, and when the flame is detected, the ignition device 31 is stopped. When the temperature of the reformer 20 reaches the first predetermined temperature (Trf) at which the reforming reaction can be performed, the shutoff valve 4 is opened, water is supplied, and the vaporizer 23 evaporates the water vapor to reform the reformer 20. To supply. Then, after allowing a first delay time so that water vapor is uniformly supplied into the reformer 20, the shutoff valve 2 of the fuel supply means 22 is opened, and the fuel gas passes through the shutoff valves 1 and 2. This is supplied to the desulfurizer 21 where the sulfur component is removed from the fuel gas and supplied to the reformer 20.

Since the chemical reaction in the reformer 20 is an endothermic reaction, air is supplied through the combustion air line 38 and the chemical reaction is continued while the fuel gas from the first fuel supply line 26 is burned and heated. .
The reformer 20 reforms the fuel gas to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

The reformed gas that has passed through the reformer 20 is supplied to the CO converter 32 of the CO reduction means 34, where carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is converted into carbon dioxide.
The reformed gas that has passed through the CO converter 32 is supplied to the CO remover 33 of the CO reduction means 34. Here, unmodified carbon monoxide in the reformed gas that has passed through the CO converter 32 is, for example, 10 ppm (capacity). Reduced to:
Since the chemical reaction performed by the CO reduction means 34 including the CO converter 32 and the CO remover 33 is an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the CO converter 32 and the CO remover 33 rises due to the heat of the exothermic reaction.

  However, since the composition of the reformed gas processed by the CO reduction means 34 does not reach a stable specified value suitable for the operation of the fuel cell main body 28 at the time of start-up, the reformed gas is used until it becomes stable. It cannot be supplied to the fuel cell main body 28.

  Therefore, until each reactor is stabilized, the closed valve 5 is closed, and the reformed gas whose gas composition does not reach the specified value is led to the PG burner 37 through the closed valve 6 of the line 36, and the combustion air line 40 is opened. Then, air is introduced, the ignition device 42 is operated, and this reformed gas is burned by the PG burner 37. The flame detector 41 is operated, and when the flame is detected, the ignition device 42 is stopped.

  Then, the temperature of the CO converter 32 and the CO remover 33 rises, and the second predetermined temperature (Tsh) at which the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is sufficiently converted to carbon dioxide in the CO converter 32 ( A second predetermined temperature (Trm) at which the unconverted carbon monoxide in the reformed gas that has passed through the CO converter 32 is reduced to, for example, 10 ppm (volume) or less. When the temperature reaches about 100 ° C. or higher, the shutoff valve 6 in the line 36 is closed, the shutoff valve 5 in the reformed gas supply line 35 is opened, and this reformed gas is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body 28, and electrochemical Air is supplied from the reaction air line 39 to the air electrode of the fuel cell main body 28, and electricity is generated by an electrochemical reaction. The flame detection device 41 stops.

Unreacted hydrogen (off-gas) discharged from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell body 28 is supplied as a second fuel gas to the combustion device 27 via the second fuel supply line 29, and the ignition device 31 is operated to ignite. And the chemical reaction is continued while heating the reformer 20 with the heat of combustion.
Then, the closing valve 3 of the first fuel supply line 26 is closed, and the supply of the first fuel gas from the first fuel supply line 26 to the combustion device 27 is stopped.
The flame detection device 30 continues to operate, and when the flame is detected, the ignition device 31 is stopped.
JP-A-2005-174745

The conventional fuel cell system GS as described above has a configuration in which the temperature of these reactors is increased by the heat of the exothermic reaction performed in the CO converter 32 and the CO remover 33. It takes a long time to reach the second predetermined temperature at which carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas can be sufficiently transformed into carbon dioxide and unmodified carbon monoxide in the transformed gas can be sufficiently reduced. In the meantime, the reformed gas whose gas composition has not reached the specified value needs to be burned by the PG burner 37, and there has been a problem that the start-up time until power generation becomes as long as about 70 minutes.
In addition, there is a problem that the consumption of the first fuel gas becomes large during that period and the PG burner 37 needs to be provided, and the system becomes complicated.

The first object of the present invention is to rapidly raise the reformer to a temperature at which a reforming reaction can be performed without providing a PG burner in the fuel cell system, and to provide a CO reduction means comprising a CO converter and a CO remover. Fuel that can be heated to rapidly raise the temperature, shorten the start-up time until power generation, reduce the consumption of fuel gas used to heat the reformer, suppress catalyst deterioration, and improve catalyst life A method for starting a fuel cell system, by which energy saving can be achieved, the system component configuration can be simplified, and the fuel cell system can be reduced in size and price. Yes,
The second object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system which can be controlled and controlled.

A starting method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1 of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is a reformer for reforming fuel to generate reformed gas, and supplying the fuel to the reformer. A fuel supply means, a water supply means for supplying water vapor generated in a vaporizer to the reformer, a CO reduction means for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas, and the reformed gas. A fuel cell for generating electric power, a combustion means for burning the fuel and supplying heat to the reformer, a heating means for rapidly heating the CO reduction means, and a flame temperature of the combustion means per time Flame detection means for measuring the temperature change rate and detecting the presence or absence of a flame, and a starting method of a fuel cell system comprising:
The combustion unit burns a predetermined amount of the fuel to control the reformer to a first predetermined temperature 500 to 600 ° C. at which a reforming reaction can be performed, and to operate the heating unit to reduce the CO. The means is heated to a second predetermined temperature at which a reduction reaction can be performed,
After the CO reduction means reaches a second predetermined temperature, the water supply means supplies the steam to the reformer,
After a predetermined time has passed since the water vapor was supplied, the fuel is supplied to the reformer by the fuel supply means to generate the reformed gas, and is contained in the reformed gas by the CO reduction means. Carbon monoxide is reduced and supplied to the fuel cell, and after the fuel is supplied to the reformer, or simultaneously, supply of the fuel to the combustion means is stopped, and unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell the burned and ignited by the supply to the ignition means in said combustion unit, after detecting that a flame is present the previous SL flame detection means, characterized by stopping the ignition means and the heating means.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system comprising: a reformer for reforming fuel to generate reformed gas; fuel supply means for supplying the fuel to the reformer; Water supply means for supplying the steam to the reformer, CO reduction means for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas, a fuel cell for generating electric power using the reformed gas, and the fuel A fuel cell system comprising: combustion means for combusting and supplying heat to the reformer; and heating means for rapidly heating the CO reduction means,
A predetermined amount of the fuel is burned by the combustion means to control the reformer to a first predetermined temperature 500 to 600 ° C. at which a reforming reaction can be performed,
Operating the heating means to raise the CO reduction means to a second predetermined temperature at which a reduction reaction can be performed,
After the CO reduction means reaches a second predetermined temperature, the water supply means supplies the steam to the reformer,
After a predetermined time has passed since the water vapor was supplied, the fuel is supplied to the reformer by the fuel supply means to generate the reformed gas, and is contained in the reformed gas by the CO reduction means. Carbon monoxide is reduced and supplied to the fuel cell, and after the fuel is supplied to the reformer, or simultaneously, supply of the fuel to the combustion means is stopped, and unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell Is supplied to the combustion means and ignited and burned by the ignition means , and the flame detection means measures the temperature change rate per hour of the flame temperature to detect the presence or absence of a flame, and then the ignition means and the heating means are and wherein the obtaining Bei control hand stage to perform a control of stopping.

A starting method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1 of the present invention is a reformer for reforming fuel to generate reformed gas, fuel supply means for supplying the fuel to the reformer, and a vaporizer A water supply means for supplying water vapor generated in the reformer to the reformer, a CO reduction means for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas, and a fuel cell for generating electric power using the reformed gas; A combustion means for burning the fuel and supplying heat to the reformer; a heating means for rapidly heating the CO reduction means; and a rate of change in temperature of the flame temperature of the combustion means per time. Flame detection means for detecting the presence or absence of a flame, and a starting method of a fuel cell system comprising:
The combustion unit burns a predetermined amount of the fuel to control the reformer to a first predetermined temperature 500 to 600 ° C. at which a reforming reaction can be performed, and to operate the heating unit to reduce the CO. The means is heated to a second predetermined temperature at which a reduction reaction can be performed,
After the CO reduction means reaches a second predetermined temperature, the water supply means supplies the steam to the reformer,
After a predetermined time has passed since the water vapor was supplied, the fuel is supplied to the reformer by the fuel supply means to generate the reformed gas, and is contained in the reformed gas by the CO reduction means. Carbon monoxide is reduced and supplied to the fuel cell, and after the fuel is supplied to the reformer, or simultaneously, supply of the fuel to the combustion means is stopped, and unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell the burned and ignited by the supply to the ignition means in said combustion unit, after detecting that a flame is present the previous SL flame detection means, characterized in that stopping the ignition means and the heating means Yes,
The combustion unit burns a predetermined amount of the fuel to control the reformer to a first predetermined temperature at which a reforming reaction can be performed, and at the same time, the heating unit is operated to perform a reduction reaction. Since the temperature is rapidly raised to a predetermined temperature, the time to reach the second predetermined temperature can be shortened, and the start-up time until power generation can be greatly shortened, so that the fuel consumption can be reduced and the energy saving effect can be achieved. It can greatly reduce the deterioration of the catalyst, improve the life of the catalyst, and eliminates the need for a PG burner, thus simplifying the system component configuration and reducing the system size and cost. There is a remarkable effect.
Carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is reduced and supplied to the fuel cell, and after the fuel is supplied to the reformer, or simultaneously, the supply of the fuel to the combustion means is stopped. The unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell is supplied to the combustion means, ignited by the ignition means and burned, and after the flame detection means detects that there is a flame, the ignition means and the heating means are By stopping the fuel consumption, the fuel consumption can be further reduced and the energy saving effect can be further enhanced.
The misfire was determination of whether it is quickly and reliably detected, along with the full and reliability safe becomes higher, the can further reduce the fuel consumption, a marked effect of energy saving effect is further increased.

Since the fuel cell system according to claim 2 of the present invention includes the control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, the operation of the system can be performed accurately and reliably, safety and There is a remarkable effect of high reliability.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
( First embodiment for reference )
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a flow of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 (a) shows a reformer (RF) 20, a CO converter (SH) 32, and a CO remover (RM) 33 from the start of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention until stable power generation. Internal temperature (° C) (represented in the graph as RF temperature, SH temperature, and RM temperature, respectively) (vertical axis on the left side), fuel cell output (w) (vertical axis on the right side), and time (horizontal axis) (B) is an open / close operation of the closing valves 1 to 6, an on / off operation of the ignition device 31 and the flame detection device 30, and an on / off operation of the heating devices 50 and 51, It is a graph which shows the relationship with time (horizontal axis).
FIG. 3 is a flowchart from when the fuel cell system GS according to the present invention is started until power is stably generated.
1-3, the parts having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 11 to 13 are parts having the same functions.

  The fuel cell system GS of the present invention does not have the process gas burner (PG burner) 37 provided in the conventional fuel cell system GS, and also includes a combustion air line 40 and a flame detection device 41 attached to the PG burner 37. The conventional fuel cell system shown in FIG. 9 is provided except that there is no ignition device 42 and a heating device 50 for heating the CO transformer 32 and a heating device 51 for heating the CO remover 33 are provided. It is the same as GS.

When the fuel cell system GS of the present invention is activated, the shutoff valves 6 are opened while the shutoff valves 2, 4 and 5 are closed, the heating devices 50 and 51 are operated, the ignition device 31 is operated, and the shutoff valve 1 is operated. 3, the fuel gas such as natural gas, city gas, methanol, LPG, butane, etc. is used as the first fuel, through the shutoff valve 1 of the fuel supply means 22, the shutoff valve 3 of the first fuel supply line 26, and the regulating valve 25 is supplied to the combustion device (burner) 27, and air is supplied from the combustion air line 38 to the combustion device (burner) 27 for combustion.
The reformer 20 is heated by the combustion heat to increase the temperature, and the CO converter 32 and the CO remover 33 are respectively heated by the heating devices 50 and 51 to increase the temperature.
The flame detection device 30 is operated, and when the flame is detected, the ignition device 31 is stopped. The shut-off valve 6 that was initially opened and opened to the atmosphere is closed, and the shut-off valve 5 of the reformed gas supply line 35 is opened.

After the temperature of the reformer 20 reaches the first predetermined temperature (Trf) (about 500 to 600 ° C.) at which the reforming reaction occurs, the CO converter is controlled while being controlled to the first predetermined temperature (Trf). Waiting for the temperature of the CO reduction means 34 comprising 32 and the CO remover 33 to rise, when the second predetermined temperature is reached, that is, the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas in the CO converter 32 is sufficient for carbon dioxide. The second predetermined temperature (Tsh = T ₂ = about 150 ° C. or higher) is converted into the unconverted carbon monoxide in the gas that has passed through the CO converter 32 in the CO remover 33, for example, 10 ppm (capacity). When the temperature reaches a second predetermined temperature (Trm = T ₃ = about 100 ° C. or higher) that is reduced below, the stop valve 4 is opened, water is supplied, and the vaporizer 23 evaporates the water vapor to the reformer 20. Supply.
Then, after allowing a first delay time so that the steam is uniformly supplied into the reformer 20, the shutoff valve 2 of the fuel supply means 22 is opened and the fuel gas is desulfurized via the shutoff valves 1 and 2. Then, the sulfur component is removed from the fuel gas and supplied to the reformer 20.

Since the chemical reaction in the reformer 20 is an endothermic reaction, air is supplied through the combustion air line 38, and the first fuel gas from the first fuel supply line 26 is burned and heated while being heated. Continue.
The reformer 20 reforms the fuel gas to generate reformed gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, and the reformed gas sufficiently reduced in CO by the CO reducing means 34 is converted into the fuel cell main body. 28 is supplied to the fuel electrode 28, and air is supplied from the electrochemical reaction air line 39 to the air electrode of the fuel cell main body 28, and power is generated by the electrochemical reaction.

Unreacted hydrogen (off-gas) discharged from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body 28 is supplied as a second fuel to the combustion device 27 via the second fuel supply line 29 and burned to heat the reformer 20. Continue the chemical reaction.
After confirming that the flame is detected by the flame detector 30, the shutoff valve 3 is closed and the supply of the first fuel gas from the first fuel supply line 26 is stopped.

  Since the chemical reaction performed in the CO converter 32 and the CO remover 33 is an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the CO converter 32 and the CO remover 33 is raised and maintained by the heat of the exothermic reaction, so that the heating devices 50 and 51 The heating of the CO transformer 32 and the CO remover 33 is stopped.

As described above, the configuration of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention is simplified by the startup sequence without providing a PG burner.
That is, air is supplied to the reformer 20 via the combustion air line 38, the first fuel gas is supplied from the first fuel supply line 26 and burned to heat the reformer 20, and the heating device 50. 51, the CO reduction means 34 comprising the CO transformer 32 and the CO remover 33 is heated to rapidly increase the temperature.

Then, after the temperature of the reformer 20 reaches the first predetermined temperature (Trf) (about 500 to 600 ° C.) at which the reforming reaction occurs, the CO 2 is controlled to the first predetermined temperature (Trf). Waiting for the temperature of the CO reduction means 34 composed of the transformer 32 and the CO remover 33 to rise, when the second predetermined temperature is reached, that is, the carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas in the CO converter 32 is carbon dioxide. At a second predetermined temperature (Tsh = T ₂ = about 150 ° C. or higher) that is sufficiently transformed to an untransformed carbon monoxide in the gas that has passed through the CO transformer 32 in the CO remover 33, for example, 10 ppm ( When the second predetermined temperature (Trm = T ₃ = about 100 ° C. or higher) is reached, the supply of the fuel gas from which the steam and sulfur components have been removed to the reformer 20 is started. And the CO reduction means 34 is sufficient to reduce CO. Since the reformed gas is supplied to the fuel cell main body 28 to generate electric power, the start-up time until power generation can be greatly shortened, and unreacted hydrogen discharged from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body 28 ( Off gas) is supplied to the combustion device 27 as the second fuel via the second fuel supply line 29 and burned. When it is confirmed that the flame is detected by the flame detection device 30, the stop valve 3 is closed and the first fuel is closed. Since the supply of the first fuel gas from the supply line 26 is stopped, the consumption of the first fuel gas can be reduced, and the deterioration of the catalyst and the life of the catalyst can be improved. Can do.

The conventional fuel cell system GS has a long start-up time of about 70 minutes until power generation. However, according to the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention, the start-up time until power generation can be shortened to about 40 minutes. Since the time for supplying the first fuel gas to the combustion device 27 at the time of startup is shortened, the consumption amount of the first fuel gas can be reduced.
The fuel cell system GS of the present invention includes control means (not shown) that controls the operation of the system, and the operation of the system can be performed accurately and reliably by this control means, so that safety and reliability are high. Become.

( First embodiment)
FIG. 4 (a) shows the reformer (RF) 20 from the start-up to the stable power generation in the first embodiment of the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG. Temperature (° C.) of the vessel (SH) 32 and CO remover (RM) 33 (represented as RF temperature, SH temperature and RM temperature in the graph, respectively) (the vertical axis on the left side) and the fuel cell body It is a graph which shows the relationship between output (w) (right vertical axis | shaft) and time (horizontal axis), (b) is opening / closing of the shut-off valves 1-6, ignition device 31, and flame detector 30 ON / OFF. It is a graph which shows the relationship between OFF operation | movement and the ON / OFF operation | movement of the heating apparatuses 50 and 51, and time (horizontal axis).
FIG. 5 is a flowchart from the time of start-up to stable power generation in the first embodiment of the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG.
4 to 5, portions having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 11 to 13 are portions having the same functions, and thus description thereof is omitted.

In the first embodiment of the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention, when the CO reduction means 34 reaches the second predetermined temperature (Tsh = T ₂ = about 150 ° C. or higher, Trm = T ₃ = About 100 ° C. or higher), the shutoff valve 3 is closed to stop the supply of the first fuel gas from the first fuel supply line 26 to the combustion device 27, and the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell body 28 is not yet discharged. Reactive hydrogen (off-gas) is supplied as the second fuel to the combustion device 27 via the second fuel supply line 29, and the ignition device 31 is operated to ignite and burn, and the reformer 20 is heated and heated Except for continuing the reaction, the fuel cell system GS and the startup method of the present invention shown in FIGS.
By comprising in this way, consumption of the 1st fuel gas from the 1st fuel supply line 26 can be reduced further, and an energy-saving effect becomes still larger.

( Second embodiment for reference )
FIG. 6 (a) shows a reformer (RF) 20 from the start to the stable power generation in the second reference embodiment of the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG. Internal temperature (° C.) of CO converter (SH) 32 and CO remover (RM) 33 (represented as RF temperature, SH temperature, and RM temperature in the graph, respectively) (left vertical axis) and fuel cell It is a graph which shows the relationship between the output (w) of the main body (right vertical axis) and time (horizontal axis), and (B) is the opening / closing of the shutoff valves 1-6, the ignition device 31 and the flame detection device 30. It is a graph which shows the relationship between ON / OFF operation | movement and the ON / OFF operation | movement of the heating apparatuses 50 and 51, and time (horizontal axis).
FIG. 7 is a flowchart from the time of starting up until stable power generation in the second reference embodiment of the starting method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG.
In FIGS. 6-7, since the part of the same code | symbol as FIGS. 1-5 and FIGS. 11-13 is a part which has the same function, description is abbreviate | omitted.

The second reference embodiment of the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention is that the unreacted exhausted from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body 28 when the CO reduction means 34 reaches the second predetermined temperature. After hydrogen (off-gas) is supplied as the second fuel to the combustion device 27 via the second fuel supply line 29, the ignition device 31 is operated to ignite and burn, and after the flame is detected by the flame detection device 30 The fuel cell system GS and start-up method of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the shut-off valve 3 is closed and the supply of the first fuel gas from the first fuel supply line 26 to the combustion device 27 is stopped. It has become the same.
The consumption of the first fuel gas can be further reduced, the energy saving effect is further increased, and the first fuel is stopped after the flame is detected by the flame detection device 30, so that it is surely switched to the combustion of the second fuel. Can do.

( Second Embodiment)
FIG. 8 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the flame temperature (vertical axis) at startup and time, and (b) is the opening / closing of the closing valves 1, 3 at startup, the ignition device 31 and the flame detection device 30. It is a graph which shows the relationship between ON / OFF operation | movement and time (horizontal axis).
In FIG. 8, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 7 and FIGS.
The flame detector 30 is provided with a function of measuring the rate of change (ΔT / Δt) of the temperature (ΔT) depending on the time (Δt) of the flame temperature, and the rate of change (ΔT / Δt) (for example, ΔT = 200 ° C., Δt = 5 sec, the flame detection is performed by ΔT / Δt = 200/5 = 20), and the operation of the ignition device 31 is stopped after detecting the flame detection. The fuel cell system GS and the start-up method are the same.

When the temperature is set as a threshold value (for example, when the threshold value is set at 400 ° C.), it takes time to determine that a misfire occurs when a misfire occurs, and the fuel raw gas is released, which is unsafe.
In order to reduce the time until the misfire is determined when the temperature is set as the threshold value, the detection of misfire becomes faster if the difference between the flame temperature and the threshold value is reduced, but due to fluctuations in the flow rate of fuel gas and combustion air, etc. The flame temperature fluctuates, and it may be misidentified as misfire and may cause a detection error.
On the other hand, if flame detection is performed based on the rate of change (ΔT / Δt) of temperature (ΔT) with time (Δt), it is possible to quickly and surely detect whether or not a misfire has occurred, thereby increasing safety and reliability. .

( Third embodiment)
FIG. 9 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the flame temperature (vertical axis) and time when switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, and (b) shows the closing valves 1 to 6 at startup. It is a graph which shows the relationship between ON / OFF operation | movement of the ignition switch 31, the ignition apparatus 31, and the flame detection apparatus 30, the ON / OFF operation | movement of the heating apparatuses 50 and 51, and time (horizontal axis).
9, parts having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 8 and FIGS. 11 to 13 are parts having the same functions, and thus description thereof is omitted.
At startup, the on-off valves 1 and 3 are opened and the first fuel gas is supplied from the first fuel supply line 26 (not shown) to the combustion device 27 (not shown), and the ignition device 31 is operated to ignite and burn. The reformer 20 is heated. The flame detection device 30 is activated to detect a flame. When the flame is detected, the ignition device 31 is stopped. At the start-up, the heating devices 50 and 51 heat the CO reduction means 34 including the CO transformer 32 and the CO remover 33 (not shown) to rapidly increase the temperature. Then, the open / close valve 5 of the reformed gas supply line 35 (not shown) is opened, while the open / close valve 6 is closed.

  Then, after the temperature of the reformer 20 (not shown) reaches the first predetermined temperature (Trf) at which the reforming reaction occurs, the temperature of the CO reduction means 34 is controlled while controlling to the first predetermined temperature (Trf). When the second predetermined temperature is reached, the on-off valve 4 is opened and the supply of steam to the reformer 20 is started. After the first delay time, the on-off valve 2 is opened to remove sulfur components. The reformed gas is supplied to the reformer 20 to be reformed, the reformed gas is sufficiently reduced by the CO reduction means 34, and the reformed gas sufficiently reduced in CO is supplied to the fuel cell body 28 to generate power. Then, the on-off valve 3 is closed and the supply of the first fuel gas from the first fuel supply line 26 (not shown) is stopped.

Unreacted hydrogen (off-gas) discharged from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell body 28 (not shown) is supplied as a second fuel to the combustion device 27 via the second fuel supply line 29 and burned.
When switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, the ignition device 31 is operated, the flame detection device 30 is temporarily stopped, the flame detection device 30 is operated again, and the temperature (ΔT) according to time (Δt). Flame detection is performed based on the change rate (ΔT / Δt).
When the temperature is set as a threshold value, it takes time to determine a misfire when a misfire occurs, and the raw gas of fuel is released, which is unsafe.
In order to reduce the time until the misfire is determined when the temperature is set as the threshold value, the detection of misfire becomes faster if the difference between the flame temperature and the threshold value is reduced, but due to fluctuations in the flow rate of fuel gas and combustion air, etc. The flame temperature fluctuates, and it may be misidentified as misfire and may cause a detection error.
On the other hand, if flame detection is performed based on the rate of change (ΔT / Δt) of temperature (ΔT) with time (Δt), it is possible to quickly and surely detect whether or not a misfire has occurred, thereby increasing safety and reliability. .

( Third embodiment for reference )
FIG. 10 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the flame temperature (vertical axis) and time at the time of switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, and (b) shows the closing valves 1 to 6 at startup. Is a graph showing the relationship between the ON / OFF operation of the ignition device 31 and the flame detection device 30, the ON / OFF operation of the heating devices 50 and 51, and the time (horizontal axis). It is a graph which shows the flame temperature (vertical axis) at the time of performing, and the relationship of time.
10, parts having the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 9 and FIGS. 11 to 13 are parts having the same functions, and thus description thereof is omitted.
At startup, the on-off valves 1 and 3 are opened and the first fuel gas is supplied from the first fuel supply line 26 (not shown) to the combustion device 27 (not shown), and the ignition device 31 is operated to ignite and burn. The reformer 20 is heated. The flame detection device 30 is activated to detect a flame. When the flame is detected, the ignition device 31 is stopped. At the start-up, the heating devices 50 and 51 heat the CO reduction means 34 including the CO transformer 32 and the CO remover 33 (not shown) to rapidly increase the temperature. Then, the open / close valve 5 of the reformed gas supply line 35 (not shown) is opened, while the open / close valve 6 is closed.

Then, after the temperature of the reformer 20 (not shown) reaches the first predetermined temperature (Trf) at which the reforming reaction occurs, the temperature of the CO reduction means 34 is controlled while controlling to the first predetermined temperature (Trf). When the second predetermined temperature is reached, the on-off valve 4 is opened and the supply of steam to the reformer 20 is started. After the first delay time, the on-off valve 2 is opened to remove sulfur components. The reformed gas is supplied to the reformer 20 to be reformed, the reformed gas is sufficiently reduced by the CO reduction means 34, and the reformed gas sufficiently reduced in CO is supplied to the fuel cell body 28 to generate power.
Then, unreacted hydrogen (off-gas) discharged from the fuel electrode of the fuel cell main body 28 (not shown) is supplied as the second fuel to the combustion device 27 through the second fuel supply line 29 while the on-off valve 3 is opened and burned. To do. Then, flame detection is performed based on the change rate (ΔT / Δt) of the temperature (ΔT) with time (Δt).

When the temperature is set as a threshold value, it takes time to determine a misfire when a misfire occurs, and the raw gas of fuel is released, which is unsafe.
In order to reduce the time until the misfire is determined when the temperature is set as the threshold value, the detection of misfire becomes faster if the difference between the flame temperature and the threshold value is reduced, but due to fluctuations in the flow rate of fuel gas and combustion air, etc. The flame temperature fluctuates, and it may be misidentified as misfire and may cause a detection error.
On the other hand, if flame detection is performed based on the rate of change (ΔT / Δt) of temperature (ΔT) with time (Δt), it is possible to quickly and surely detect whether or not a misfire has occurred, thereby increasing safety and reliability. .
Even in the event of a misfire, as shown in FIG. 10 (c), if flame detection is performed based on the rate of change (ΔT / Δt) of temperature (ΔT) over time (Δt), the misfire determination can be made quickly and reliably. Can be detected.

  The description of the above embodiment is for explaining the present invention, and does not limit the invention described in the claims or reduce the scope. Moreover, each part structure of this invention is not restricted to the said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible within the technical scope as described in a claim.

  According to the start-up method of the fuel cell system of the present invention, a predetermined amount of fuel is burned by the combustion means, the reformer is controlled to the first predetermined temperature at which the reforming reaction can be performed, and the heating means is operated. Thus, the temperature is rapidly raised to the second predetermined temperature at which the reduction reaction can be performed, so that the time until the second predetermined temperature is reached can be shortened, and the start-up time until power generation can be greatly shortened. Consumption can be reduced, energy saving effect is great, catalyst deterioration can be suppressed, catalyst life can be improved, and there is no need to install a PG burner. The fuel cell system of the present invention is equipped with a control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell system, so that the operation of the system is accurate. Ku can but surely, since a marked effect of high safety and reliability, high industrial value.

It is a systematic diagram which shows the flow of the fuel cell system of this invention. (A) is a reformer (RF), a CO converter (SH), a CO remover (from the start-up to the stable power generation in the first reference embodiment of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention ( RM) chamber temperature (° C) (represented in the graph as RF temperature, SH temperature, RM temperature, respectively) (left vertical axis) and fuel cell body output (w) (right vertical axis) , (B) is a graph showing the relationship with time (horizontal axis), (b) is the opening / closing of the stop valve, the on / off operation of the ignition device and the flame detection device, the on / off operation of the heating device, and the time (horizontal axis) ). 4 is a flowchart from when the fuel cell system GS of the present invention is started until power is stably generated. (A) is a reformer (RF), a CO converter (SH) until the stable power generation from the start-up in the first embodiment of the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG. ), CO internal temperature (° C.) of the CO remover (RM) (represented in the graph as RF temperature, SH temperature, and RM temperature, respectively) (the vertical axis on the left side) and the output (w) ( It is a graph which shows the relationship between time (horizontal axis) and time (horizontal axis), and (b) is an open / close operation of a stop valve, an on / off operation of an ignition device and a flame detection device, and an on / off operation of a heating device. And a graph showing the relationship between time (horizontal axis). FIG. 2 is a flowchart from the time of starting up until stable power generation in the first embodiment of the starting method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG. 1. FIG. (A) is a reformer (RF), a CO converter from the start-up to the stable power generation in the second reference embodiment of the start-up method of the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG. (SH), internal temperature (° C.) of the CO remover (RM) (represented as RF temperature, SH temperature, and RM temperature in the graph, respectively) (the vertical axis on the left side) and the output (w ) (Vertical axis on the right side) and time (horizontal axis), (b) is a graph showing the opening / closing operation of the stop valve, the on / off operation of the ignition device and the flame detection device, and the on / off state of the heating device. It is a graph which shows the relationship between OFF operation | movement and time (horizontal axis). FIG. 3 is a flowchart from when the fuel cell system GS of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is started up to when it stably generates power in the second reference embodiment. (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the flame temperature (vertical axis) at startup and time, and (B) is the opening / closing of the shut-off valve at startup, the on / off operation of the ignition device and the flame detection device, It is a graph which shows the relationship with time (horizontal axis). (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the flame temperature (vertical axis) and time at the time of switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, (B) is the opening and closing of the shut-off valve at the time of startup, the ignition device 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the on / off operation of the flame detection device, the on / off operation of the heating device, and time (horizontal axis). (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the flame temperature (vertical axis) and time at the time of switching from the first fuel to the second fuel, (B) is the opening and closing of the shut-off valve at the time of startup, the ignition device Is a graph showing the relationship between the on / off operation of the flame detection device, the on / off operation of the heating device, and the time (horizontal axis), (c) is the flame temperature (vertical axis) at the time of misfire stop It is a graph which shows the relationship of time. It is a systematic diagram which shows the flow of the conventional fuel cell system. (A) is the internal temperature (° C.) of the reformer (RF), the CO converter (SH), and the CO remover (RM) from the start of the conventional fuel cell system GS until stable power generation. The graph shows the relationship between the RF temperature, SH temperature, and RM temperature (left vertical axis) and the output (w) of the fuel cell body (right vertical axis) and time (horizontal axis). (B) is a graph showing the relationship between opening / closing of the stop valve, ON / OFF operation of the ignition device and the flame detection device, and time (horizontal axis). It is a flowchart until it generates electric power stably from the time of starting of the conventional fuel cell system GS.

1 to 6 Stop valve 20 Reformer 21 Desulfurizer 22 Fuel supply means 23 Vaporizer 24 Water supply means 25 Control valve 26 First fuel supply line 27 Combustion device (burner)
28 Fuel cell main body 29 Second fuel supply line 30, 41 Flame detection device 31, 42 Ignition device 32 CO transformer (SH)
33 CO remover (RM)
34 CO reduction means 35 Reformed gas supply line 36 Line 37 Process gas burner (PG burner)
38 Combustion Air Line 39 Electrochemical Reaction Air Line 40 Combustion Air Line

Claims (2)

A reformer for reforming fuel to generate reformed gas, fuel supply means for supplying the fuel to the reformer, and water supply means for supplying water vapor generated by a vaporizer to the reformer A CO reduction means for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas, a fuel cell for generating electric power using the reformed gas, and supplying heat to the reformer by burning the fuel A fuel cell comprising a combustion means, a heating means for rapidly heating the CO reduction means, and a flame detection means for detecting the presence or absence of a flame by measuring a temperature change rate per hour of the flame temperature of the combustion means A system booting method,
The combustion unit burns a predetermined amount of the fuel to control the reformer to a first predetermined temperature 500 to 600 ° C. at which a reforming reaction can be performed, and to operate the heating unit to reduce the CO. The means is heated to a second predetermined temperature at which a reduction reaction can be performed,
After the CO reduction means reaches a second predetermined temperature, the water supply means supplies the steam to the reformer,
After a predetermined time has passed since the water vapor was supplied, the fuel is supplied to the reformer by the fuel supply means to generate the reformed gas, and is contained in the reformed gas by the CO reduction means. Carbon monoxide is reduced and supplied to the fuel cell, and after the fuel is supplied to the reformer, or simultaneously, supply of the fuel to the combustion means is stopped, and unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell the supplied to the combustion unit is burned with the ignition by the ignition means, after detecting that a flame is present the previous SL flame detecting means, fuel cells, characterized by stopping the ignition means and the heating means How to start the system. A reformer for reforming fuel to generate reformed gas, fuel supply means for supplying the fuel to the reformer, and water supply means for supplying water vapor generated by a vaporizer to the reformer A CO reduction means for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas, a fuel cell for generating electric power using the reformed gas, and supplying heat to the reformer by burning the fuel In a fuel cell system comprising combustion means and heating means for rapidly heating the CO reduction means,
A predetermined amount of the fuel is burned by the combustion means to control the reformer to a first predetermined temperature 500 to 600 ° C. at which a reforming reaction can be performed,
Operating the heating means to raise the CO reduction means to a second predetermined temperature at which a reduction reaction can be performed,
After the CO reduction means reaches a second predetermined temperature, the water supply means supplies the steam to the reformer,
After a predetermined time has passed since the water vapor was supplied, the fuel is supplied to the reformer by the fuel supply means to generate the reformed gas, and is contained in the reformed gas by the CO reduction means. Carbon monoxide is reduced and supplied to the fuel cell, and after the fuel is supplied to the reformer, or simultaneously, supply of the fuel to the combustion means is stopped, and unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell Is supplied to the combustion means and ignited and burned by the ignition means , and the flame detection means measures the temperature change rate per hour of the flame temperature to detect the presence or absence of a flame, and then the ignition means and the heating means are fuel cell system, characterized by obtaining Bei control hand stage to perform a control of stopping.

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