JP5363345B2 - 排気後処理システムを制御するための制御方法と排気後処理システム - Google Patents
排気後処理システムを制御するための制御方法と排気後処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5363345B2 JP5363345B2 JP2009550839A JP2009550839A JP5363345B2 JP 5363345 B2 JP5363345 B2 JP 5363345B2 JP 2009550839 A JP2009550839 A JP 2009550839A JP 2009550839 A JP2009550839 A JP 2009550839A JP 5363345 B2 JP5363345 B2 JP 5363345B2
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- exhaust gas
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- oxidation catalyst
- selective catalytic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Description
一つ以上の成分による一対以上の間の少なくとも一つの所望の比に応じて、酸化触媒における排気ガスの流れが制御可能であり、一つ以上の成分による一対以上の間の少なくとも一つの所望の比で、排気ガスが選択的触媒還元触媒へ流入し、
選択的触媒還元触媒の入口における一つ以上の成分による一対以上の間の少なくとも一つの所望の比が設定され、
所定の反応温度または温度範囲が選択可能であって、選択的触媒還元触媒で設定され、
選択的触媒還元触媒へ排気ガスを入力することによって、排気ガスの一つ以上の成分と選択的触媒還元触媒の触媒材料との間で可能な異なる化学反応のグループのうち一つの特定化学反応が行われる確率が上昇し、選択される特定の化学反応の反応確率が、選択されていない他の化学反応の各々の反応確率よりも高い。
(a)一つ以上の成分による一対以上の間の少なくとも一つの所望の比に応じて、酸化触媒における排気ガスの流れを制御する段階。排気ガスは、一つ以上の成分による一対以上の間の少なくとも一つの所望の比で選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ流入する。
(b)選択的触媒還元触媒の入力において一つ以上の成分による一対以上の間の少なくとも一つの所望の比を設定する段階。
(c)所定の反応温度または温度範囲を選択して、選択的触媒還元触媒でこれを設定する段階。
(d)選択的触媒還元触媒へ排気ガスを入力することによって、排気ガスの一つ以上の成分と選択的触媒還元触媒の触媒材料との間で可能な異なる化学反応のグループのうちの一つの特定化学反応が行われる確率を上昇させる段階。選択された特定化学反応の反応確率は、選択されていない他の化学反応の各々の反応確率よりも高い。
(a)4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O
(b)NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O
(c)6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O
反応(b)、つまり排気ガスがNO2とNOを等しく、または少なくともほぼ等しい量で含有する反応は、効率が最も高く、200℃を下回る排気温度から上で効率的である。反応(a)、つまり排気ガス中のNOxが主としてNOで構成される反応では、300℃で効率的となり、反応(c)、つまり排気ガス中のNOxが主としてNO2で構成される反応では、バナジウム系SCR触媒では効率は反応(a)より低いのに対して、ゼオライト系触媒では反応(a)よりも効率的であるが反応(b)ほど効率的でない。さらに、ゼオライト系触媒では、温室効果ガスN2Oを発生させる反応(c)の競争反応、つまり(d)4NO2+4NH3→2N2O+2N2+6H2Oが存在するため、好都合でない。
12 エンジン
14 排気ライン
16 第1分岐点
18 第2分岐点
20 酸化触媒
22 バイパスライン
24,26 通路
28 閉鎖ユニット
28a 旋回プレート
30 制御可能バルブ
40 検知ユニット
42 制御ユニット
44 装置
46,48 データライン
50 NO2感知センサ
60 粒子フィルタ
62 噴射器
66 パラメータ
70 SCR触媒
Claims (18)
- 排気ガスの複数の成分が酸化触媒(20)で酸化され、その後の排気ガスの複数の成分と選択的触媒還元触媒(70)に配置された触媒材料との間で可能な異なるタイプの一群の化学反応により前記排気ガスの前記複数の成分が脱酸素されて、前記排気ガスが前記酸化触媒(20)から前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ流れる、エンジン(12)の排気後処理システム(10)におけるNO 2 /NO比を制御するための制御方法において、
(a)所望のNO 2 /NO比に応じて前記酸化触媒(20)における前記排気ガスの流れを制御することであって、前記所望のNO 2 /NO比で前記排気ガスが前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ流入することと、
(b)前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)の前記排気ガスの流入において前記所望の比を設定することと、
(c)所定の反応温度または温度範囲を選択して前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)において前記反応温度または温度範囲を設定することであって、前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ前記排気ガスを流入することにより、前記排気ガスの前記複数の成分と前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)の触媒材料との間で可能な一群の異なる化学反応のうちの一つの特定化学反応が行われる確率が上昇し、選択された前記特定化学反応の前記反応確率が、選択されていない他の化学反応の各々の反応確率より高くし、粒子フィルタ(60)に含有される煤煙の量と前記粒子フィルタ(60)で発生されるNO 2 の量に応じて前記所望のNO 2 /NO比が設定され、前記粒子フィルタ(60)は前記酸化触媒(20)と前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)との間に配置されていることと、を特徴とする方法。 - 前記酸化触媒(20)を流れる第1部分と、前記酸化触媒(20)を迂回するバイパスライン(22)を流れる第2ラインとの間で前記酸化触媒(20)における前記排気ガスの流れを分割することにより、前記流れを制御することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化触媒(20)における前記排気ガスの空間速度を変化させることにより前記酸化触媒(20)における前記排気ガスの流れを制御することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記所望のNO 2 /NO比が1に近いが1を超えないNO2/NO比である、請求項1乃至3の一つに記載の方法。
- 前記所望のNO 2 /NO比が0.8±0.2である請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記所望のNO 2 /NO比が0.9±0.1である請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記所望のNO2/NO比が0.95±0.05である請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化触媒(20)で発生されるNO2の量に応じて前記所望の比が設定されることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至7の一つに記載の方法。
- 前記酸化触媒(20)で吸着される硫黄の量に応じて前記所望の比が設定されることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至8の一つに記載の方法。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)に提供されるアンモニアの量に応じて前記所望の比が設定されることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至9の一つに記載の方法。
- 前記エンジン(12)の運転パラメータ、および/または前記排気後処理システム(10)に配置された一つ以上の触媒(20,60,70)の動作パラメータに応じて、前記バイパスライン(22)へ供給される排気ガスと前記酸化触媒(20)へ供給される排気ガスとの比が計算されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の方法で作動する、酸化触媒(20)とエンジン(12)の排気ライン(14)に配置された選択的触媒還元触媒(70)とを少なくとも包含する、排気ガスのNO 2 /NO比を制御するための排気後処理システムにおいて、
所望のNO 2 /NO比に応じて前記酸化触媒(20)における前記排気ガスの流れを制御流れが制御可能であり、所望のNO 2 /NO比で前記排気ガスが前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ流入し、
前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)の前記排気ガスの流入において前記所望の比が設定され、
所定の反応温度または温度範囲が選択可能であって前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)で設定され、前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ排気ガスを流入することにより、前記排気ガスの複数の成分と前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)の触媒材料との間で可能な一群の異なる化学反応のうち一つの特定化学反応が行われる確率が上昇し、選択された前記特定化学反応の反応確率が、選択されていない他の化学反応の各々の反応確率よりも高くし、前記酸化触媒(20)と前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)との間に粒子フィルタ(60)が配置される、
ことを特徴とする排気後処理システム。 - 前記所望のNO 2 /NO比に応じて、前記酸化触媒(20)と、前記酸化触媒(20)を迂回するバイパスライン(22)とにおける前記排気ガスの流れを制御するためのバルブ(30)が設けられることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の排気システム。
- 前記酸化触媒(20)における前記排気ガスの空間速度を制御するための一つ以上の閉鎖ユニット(28)が設けられることを特徴とする、請求項12または13に記載の排気システム。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ流入する前記排気に含有されるNO2の量を検知するための検知ユニット(40)が設けられることを特徴とする、請求項12乃至14の一つに記載の排気システム。
- 前記粒子フィルタ(60)の下流の前記排気ライン(14)に配置されたNO2感知センサ(50)を前記検知ユニット(40)が包含することを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の排気システム。
- 前記エンジン(12)の運転パラメータ、および/または前記排気後処理システム(10)に配置された一つ以上の触媒(20,60,70)の動作パラメータとに応じて、前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ流入するNO2の量を計算することにより仮想センサとなる装置(44)を前記検知ユニット(40)が包含することを特徴とする、請求項15または16に記載の排気システム。
- (a)前記所望のNO 2 /NO比に応じて酸化触媒(20)における排気ガスの流れを制御する段階であって、前記所望の比で、前記排気ガスが前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ流入する段階と、
(b)前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)の前記排気ガスの流入において前記所望の比を設定する段階と、
(c)所定の反応温度または温度範囲を選択して前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)で前記反応温度または温度範囲を設定し、前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)へ前記排気ガスを流入することにより、前記排気ガスの前記複数の成分と前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)の触媒材料との間で可能な一群の異なる化学反応のうちの一つの特定化学反応が行われる確率が上昇し、選択された前記特定化学反応の反応確率が、選択されていない他の化学反応の各々の反応確率よりも高くし、粒子フィルタ(60)に含有される煤煙の量と前記粒子フィルタ(60)で発生されるNO 2 の量に応じて前記所望のNO 2 /NO比が設定され、前記粒子フィルタ(60)は前記酸化触媒(20)と前記選択的触媒還元触媒(70)との間に配置される段階と、
を少なくとも包含する請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の方法に使用するためのプログラムコードを包含する、コンピュータ読取可能媒体に記憶可能なコンピュータプログラム。
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DE10300298A1 (de) * | 2003-01-02 | 2004-07-15 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Abgasnachbehandlungseinrichtung und -verfahren |
JP4349425B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-19 | 2009-10-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | NOx触媒の診断装置 |
US8800270B2 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2014-08-12 | Umicore Autocat Usa Inc. | Process for reducing NO2 from combustion system exhaust |
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