JP5362320B2 - Mechanical crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a mechanical pulverization apparatus suitable for powder production, particularly dry pulverization.

  For example, in the production of dry toners and powder coatings, dry mechanical pulverization is performed to adjust the particle size of the final product and the particle size distribution, and various mechanical pulverizers are proposed. Has been.

Conventionally, a fine pulverizer described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 is known as a rotary mechanical pulverizer for finely pulverizing such an object to be pulverized. As shown in FIG. 11 , the pulverizer 50 supports a cylindrical rotor (rotor) 54 in which a large number of concavo-convex portions 52 that are parallel to the generatrix line on the outer circumferential surface are supported in a circumferential direction by a rotating shaft 56. A cylindrical stator (liner) 62 in which a large number of concavo-convex portions 60 parallel to the busbars are provided on the inner peripheral surface in the circumferential direction with a minute gap 58 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 54 and the rotor 54. It is fitted outside and the gap 58 is used as a grinding chamber.

  In the fine pulverizer 50, the rotor 54 is rotated at a high speed and sucked by a suction blower (not shown) or the like from a product discharge port 64 provided on the upper right side surface portion of the casing 51 in the drawing. The to-be-ground material supplied from the to-be-ground object supply port 66 provided in the lower left part of the casing 51 in the drawing is sent to the grinding chamber formed by the gap 58 together with the air flow. At this time, due to the unevenness of the rotor 54 and the stator 62 The fine vortex flowed out from the minute gap after being pulverized into fine particles by effectively colliding with the uneven surface by the generated vortex or grinding between both convex portions of the rotor 54 and the stator 62 The particles are discharged from the product discharge port 64 to the outside of the machine. In such a fine pulverizer 50, a classification ring that blocks the concave portion of the concavo-convex portion 60 at the upper end portion of the stator 62 in order to prevent the outflow of coarse particles from the gap 58 and flow out only the fine particles. 68 is provided.

  In this fine pulverizer 50, the gap 58 corresponding to the pulverization chamber is set to 1 mm or less, and the rotor 54 is rotated at a high speed, so that both the stator 62 and the rotator 54 have a steady state in these recesses. When the pulverized materials collide with each other due to the vortex generated and the shearing force is applied, fine pulverization is effectively performed, and a pulverized product having a relatively narrow particle size distribution width of the order of micron to several tens of microns is obtained. Has been.

In such a fine pulverizer 50, the combinations shown in FIG. 12 (A), (B), (C) and (D) are shown as combinations of the uneven portion 52 of the rotor 54 and the uneven portion 60 of the stator 62. Proposed. In these drawings, the concavo-convex portion 52a and the concavo-convex portion 60a have a square cross-sectional shape, and the concavo-convex portion 52b and the concavo-convex portion 60b have a triangular cross-sectional shape. Of these combinations, FIG. It is known that excellent pulverization performance can be obtained by the combination of the triangular uneven portion 52b and the uneven portion 60b shown in (D).

Further, in Patent Document 3, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 54 and the inner peripheral surface of the stator (tubular body) 62 such as the above-described fine pulverizer 50 are disclosed. In addition to a large number of concavo-convex portions parallel to the bus bar, a large number of concavo-convex portions 72 in the direction perpendicular to the bus bar and a concavo-convex shape on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 54 and on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 54 and the inner peripheral surface of the stator 62 Mechanical crushers 70 and 71 in which the portions 72 and 74 are continuously formed in the direction of the bus are proposed. These mechanical crushers 70 and 71 can generate a vortex in the vertical direction in addition to the horizontal direction by forming irregularities in both the direction parallel to the generatrix and the direction orthogonal thereto. As a result, the pulverization function is improved, and as a result, a pulverized product having a particle size of several tens of microns is obtained.

  In addition, examples of the rotary mechanical pulverizer include a pulverizer that pulverizes hard materials such as various minerals, ceramics, soybeans, stones, and gravel described in Patent Documents 4 and 5, Patent Document 6 and Patent Document 7 discloses a fine pulverizer for obtaining fine particles of carbon and pigment for copying, Patent Document 8 and Patent Document 9, an ultrafine pulverizer for obtaining ultrafine particles on the order of several microns, and Patent Document 10 The described pulverizers are known.

JP 59-105853 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-15489 JP-A-7-155628 Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-12190 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 4-12191 Japanese Patent Publication No.58-14822 Japanese Patent Publication No.58-14823 Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-36457 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 61-36459 JP-A-5-184960

By the way, in general, a mechanical pulverizer requires a powder having a smaller particle size or a uniform particle size, that is, a powder having a sharp particle size distribution, aiming at high quality.
Therefore, in the conventional mechanical crusher, when trying to obtain a pulverized product having a small particle size for various materials, a mechanical pulverizer that individually corresponds to an object to be crushed of various materials and a pulverized particle size. There was a problem that had to be prepared.

  However, with the advancement of technology, the materials that are used as the raw material of the material to be crushed and the required pulverization particle size are often changed, and in order to meet these requirements, in the mechanical pulverization apparatus However, there is a demand for being able to cope with a material different from the conventional one and being able to cope with a pulverized particle size different from the conventional one.

  The object of the present invention is not only to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, but also to produce a pulverized product with a small particle size, no coarse particles, and a sharp particle size distribution width with high efficiency. Another object of the present invention is to provide a so-called hybrid mechanical pulverization apparatus that can be suitably used for the production of particles having a particle size different from the above (objects to be pulverized).

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a mechanical crusher according to the present invention includes a rotor supported by a rotating shaft and having a plurality of blades on the outer peripheral surface, and an outer peripheral surface of the rotor outside the rotor. And a liner having a plurality of grooves formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof, and a mechanical pulverization apparatus for pulverizing the object to be crushed in the gap, wherein the liner of the casing A total of four communication ports are provided at two positions corresponding to the both end edges, and one of the two communication ports at one end is a supply port for the object to be crushed, and the other end One of the two communication ports is a discharge port for the material to be crushed, and the supply of the material to be crushed from the two communication ports at the one end according to the rotation direction of the rotating shaft. One port is selected, and the two communication ports at the other end Are those wherein the outlet of al the material to be ground is selected one, a plurality of blades the rotor has is arranged in a plurality of stages in the direction along the rotary shaft, the blade of the at least one stage when the rotational direction of the rotary shaft is a forward direction, and being inclined in a direction to impede the flow of material to be ground.

  Here, in the mechanical grinding apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that the plurality of grooves formed on the inner peripheral surface of the liner are grooves in a direction parallel to the rotation axis.

  Further, the plurality of stages of blades on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor include one or more blades parallel to the rotating shaft along the moving direction of the object to be crushed in the casing, and one or more subsequent objects. It is preferable that it consists of blades inclined in a direction that hinders the flow of the pulverized product.

According to the present invention, not only can a pulverized product having a sharp particle size distribution width in a certain particle size range be produced with high efficiency, but also production of particles having a particle size range different from this (product to be crushed). In addition, there is a remarkable effect that it is possible to realize a mechanical pulverizer that can be suitably used.

Hereinafter, the mechanical crusher according to the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of a mechanical crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a (right) side view. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.

In each of the above drawings, 10 is a horizontal mechanical pulverizing apparatus (hereinafter simply referred to as a pulverizing apparatus) according to the present embodiment, 12 is a base member thereof, and a basic component part that supports the entire pulverizing apparatus, 14 Is a casing, and 18 is a rotor supported and fixed to a rotating shaft 16 rotatably supported inside the casing 14.
The pulverization apparatus according to the present embodiment is a further improvement of the pulverization apparatus shown in Japanese Patent No. 4120981 “Mechanical pulverization apparatus” according to the present applicant's application.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a detailed configuration of the casing 14 and the rotor 18 disposed in the casing 14 as a main part of the crushing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment as a cross-sectional view.
As shown in FIG. 6, a rotating shaft 16 is disposed in the casing 14 in parallel to the mounting surface (vertical surface) of the base member 12 of the crushing apparatus 10, that is, horizontally, and It is supported on both left and right wall surfaces via bearings 24a and 24b.

  Here, the rotor 18 is composed of five rotor units 18a, and is fixed to the rotary shaft 16 by a key (not shown), and circular side plates 26a and 26b that sandwich the five rotor units 18a1 to 18a5 from both sides. And a circular partition plate 26c inserted between the rotor units 18a1 to 18a5. In the illustrated example, the rotor 18 is composed of five rotor units 18a1 to 18a5 divided in the length direction. However, this is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this, and the rotor unit that is configured is configured. Needless to say, the number is not limited.

  The crushing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is used as a raw material supply port for supplying a pulverized raw material (a material to be crushed) and a product discharge port for discharging a pulverized pulverized product on both the left and right sides of the casing 14 in the drawing. For this purpose, two communication ports (20c, 20d and 20b, 20a) are provided for each. Details of these communication ports 20 (20a to 20d) will be described later.

  One end portion of the rotating shaft 16, that is, the left end portion (on the bearing 24a side) in the illustrated example, is coupled to a driving device such as a motor via a winding transmission mechanism such as a pulley and a transmission belt (not shown).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a liner 22 is fitted on the outer side of the rotor 18 with a certain gap from the outer peripheral surface thereof. The outer peripheral surface of the rotor 18 and the inner peripheral surface of the liner 22 are fitted. The gap 28 formed between the two becomes a crushing chamber for the raw material (object to be crushed). The liner 22 is fitted and fixed in a cylindrical body at the center of the casing 14. In FIG. 6, an arrow a indicates the direction of air flow in the pulverizer 10.

  In FIG. 6, the center of the arrangement position of the communication port 20 (20 a to 20 d) is the rotation shaft 16 so that the position where the communication port 20 (any of 20 a to 20 d) is arranged can be easily understood. Although shown to be on the same plane as the center, as is apparent from FIG. 1, the communication port 20 (20 a to 20 d) is not at the center of the rotating shaft 16 but at the tangent to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 18. It is arranged so that its center is located at the corresponding position.

  Further, the volume and shape of both end portions of the casing 14 are set so that spaces of appropriate sizes are formed at both outer end portions of the liner 22 (and the rotor 18). Each space on the right side in the figure communicates with the above-described communication port 20 (20a to 20d: these communication ports 20a to 20d are a raw material supply port or a product (pulverized product) discharge port, as will be described later). The product discharge port is sucked by an air suction device such as a blower (not shown), and the pulverized material supplied from the raw material supply port is sucked together with air, and the product obtained by pulverization in the device is obtained. Discharge from product outlet with air.

  Next, the structure of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 18 and the inner peripheral surface of the liner 22, which is one of the characteristic parts of the crushing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment, will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 7 shows the detailed shape of the blades formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 18 in the crushing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment. The shape of the five-stage rotor units 18a1 to 18a5 arranged as shown in FIG. 7 will be described below including the direction of air flow and the relationship in the crushing apparatus 10 indicated by the arrow a.

Explaining from the upstream side in the air flow direction a described above, in the first to third stage rotor units 18a1 to 18a3, the blades implanted in these rotor units are connected to the rotating shaft 16 of the rotor 18. They are arranged in parallel directions and are directed toward the rotating shaft 16 (that is, directed toward the center of the rotor 18).
In addition, these blades are formed in a shape that partitions a recess having a depth of several centimeters.

  Next, in the fourth-stage and fifth-stage rotor units 18a4 and 18a5, the blades implanted in these rotor units are implanted in the above-described first-stage to third-stage rotor units 18a1 to 18a3. Unlike the blades, the direction inclined with respect to the direction parallel to the rotation axis 16 (this direction is the direction that obstructs the flow of the object to be crushed when the rotation direction is the normal rotation direction (see arrow b)). It is formed (arranged).

  The fourth-stage and fifth-stage rotor units 18a4 and 18a5 are important characteristic portions of the pulverizing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment, and are inclined in a direction that hinders the flow of the object to be crushed. The grinding efficiency is effectively improved.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of grooves 32 parallel to the direction parallel to the rotating shaft 16 of the rotor 18 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the liner 22. As an example, the groove interval (pitch) is preferably 4 mm to 8 mm, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  In FIG. 8, only the liner unit that constitutes one-sixth of the liner 22 is shown in FIG. 8, and the envelope of the other parts is indicated by a dotted line, but the number of liner units that constitute the liner 22 is shown. Needless to say, the liner 22 may be formed of a single tubular body. In the present invention, the direction parallel to the rotation shaft 16 means a direction parallel to the rotation center 16 a of the rotation shaft 16.

  In the pulverization apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the pulverization state of the object to be pulverized is changed by changing the rotation direction of the rotor 18 (that is, selecting either forward rotation or reverse rotation). Can be. As described above, when the rotation direction of the rotor 18 is changed, the above-described communication port 20 (20a to 20d) is used so as to match the flow of the object to be crushed, that is, any one of the communication ports 20a to 20d. It is necessary to select which port is used as a raw material supply port and which communication port is used as a product discharge port.

  As described above, as the rotation direction of the rotor 18 is changed, the resistance to the air flow by each rotor unit of the rotor 18, particularly the rotor units 18 a 4 and 18 a 5, changes. Since the residence time changes, the pulverized state of the pulverized object to be discharged changes, and it is possible to obtain the pulverized object pulverized in a different pulverized state while using one pulverizer 10. In other words, the effect that the hybrid crusher 10 can be realized is obtained.

  Hereinafter, based on FIG. 9, selection of the communication port in the pulverization apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment, that is, any communication port among the communication ports 20 (20 a to 20 d) is used as a raw material supply port, It will be shown as an example that the obtained pulverization state changes depending on whether the communication port is selected as the product discharge port.

9A and 9B illustrate two cases of the communication port selection method in the pulverizing apparatus 10 according to this embodiment.
The example (rotation direction: normal rotation) shown in FIG. 9A shows a case where the rotation direction of the rotor 18 in the crushing apparatus 10 is the arrow b direction in the figure, and in this case, the object to be crushed is a communication port. After being supplied from 20c and pulverized, it is discharged from the communication port 20b.

Further, the example (rotation direction: reverse rotation) shown in FIG. 9B shows a case where the rotation direction of the rotor 18 in the crushing apparatus 10 is the direction of the arrow c in the figure. After being supplied from the port 20d and pulverized, it is discharged from the communication port 20a.
In any of the above cases, the material to be crushed is conveyed along the tangent to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 18 from the time it is supplied to the pulverizing apparatus 10 until it is discharged.

[Example 1]
The result of conducting a pulverization experiment using the pulverization apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment using carbon particles having a particle diameter of about 2 mm as an object to be pulverized will be described below.
Standard dimensions of the grinding device 10:
Liner inner diameter: 245mm
Rotor outer diameter: 242mm
Rotor length: 220mm
Liner length: 255mm
Height of one stage of rotor unit: 40mm

Blade width (depth): 20 mm
Feather thickness: 6mm
Number of blades: 24 Thickness of circular partition plate: 5 mm
Circular partition plate outer diameter: 228mm
Inclination angle of the blades of the fifth stage rotor unit: 30 °
Inclination angle of the blades of the fourth stage rotor unit: 15 °

Table 1 shows the pulverization results when the rotor is rotated forward and reverse.
As is apparent from Table 1, when the rotor is rotated forward / reversely, a very large difference can be caused in the grinding result.
Similar results are obtained for other raw materials (substances to be crushed).

In the following, supplementary explanation will be given on the grinding processing capacity, particle size, etc. when the rotor is rotated forward and reverse.
First, regarding the pulverization capacity, in normal rotation (forward rotation: see arrow b), the increase in resistance due to the action of the inclined surfaces of the rotor units 18a4 and 18a5 of the rotor 18 increases the supply speed in the case of a normal object to be crushed. A certain upper limit value is generated, but in reverse rotation (reverse rotation: see arrow c), the rotor units 18a4 and 18a5 exhibit the discharge action of the object to be crushed. It becomes.

Next, regarding the particle size, when the same rotation speed is set for forward rotation and reverse rotation, the reverse rotation makes the particle size coarser. For this reason, reverse rotation is used for rough product specifications or those that are easily crushed.
In the case of reverse rotation, the generation of fine powder can be minimized.

Further, as an advantage in the case of reverse rotation, it is possible to obtain a particle size distribution that cannot be obtained even if the rotational speed is reduced to the lower limit of the apparatus by forward rotation.
As an example in this case, when the above-mentioned apparatus was used, the result that the coke as an object to be crushed could be set to D50 = 50 μm and 90 μm was obtained.

Similarly, as an advantage in the case of reverse rotation, when a sharp coarse particle size distribution is desired, the total recovery rate can be improved.
Specifically, in the example of pulverizing coke, when D50 = 30 μm is intended, the recovery rate is 40 to 50% in the forward rotation, whereas the recovery rate is 75 to 85% in the reverse rotation. Is obtained.

  As understood from the above examples, according to the pulverization apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment, one pulverization apparatus 10 is used as an apparatus that can obtain completely different pulverization results by changing the rotation direction of the rotor. There is an effect that it can be made possible.

  As described above in detail, the pulverization apparatus according to the present invention has been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Of course, changes may be made.

  For example, in the pulverizing apparatus according to the above-described embodiment, an example in which blades inclined in a direction that hinders the flow of the object to be pulverized is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor is shown, but instead, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to use a groove formed with a groove inclined in a direction that hinders the flow of the object to be crushed.

Moreover, there is no particular limitation on the object to be pulverized by the pulverizer according to the present invention, and various materials (raw materials) can be targeted.
And it becomes possible to obtain a desired grinding | pulverization particle size by selecting the rotation speed of a suitable rotor according to the kind of to-be-ground material to be made into object.

It is a perspective view showing the whole grinding device composition concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the crusher shown in FIG. It is a side view of the crusher shown in FIG. It is AA sectional drawing in FIG. It is BB sectional drawing in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the detailed structure of the casing and the rotor arrange | positioned in the inside which are the principal parts of the grinding | pulverization apparatus shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor which is one of the characteristic parts of the grinding apparatus shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the inner peripheral surface of the liner which is one of the characteristic parts of the grinding apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the usage method of four communicating ports which are the characterizing parts of the grinding apparatus shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the rotor used for the grinding device concerning other embodiments of the present invention. It is a schematic cross section of a rotary crusher according to the prior art. FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view showing different structures of a rotor and a casing in the conventional crusher shown in FIG. 11. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows another structure of each of the rotor and casing in the conventional grinding | pulverization apparatus shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

10 (Mechanical) Crusher 12 Base member 14 Casing 16 Rotating shaft 16a Center of rotation (center line)
18 rotor 18a1 to 18a5 rotor unit 20, 20a to 20d communication port (raw material supply port, product discharge port)
22 liners 24a, 24b bearings 26a, 26b circular side plates 26c circular partition plates 28 gaps 32, 34 inclined grooves a air flow direction (direction parallel to the rotation axis)
b Rotor rotation direction (forward rotation)
c Rotor rotation direction (reverse rotation)

Claims (3)

A rotor supported by a rotating shaft and having a plurality of blades on the outer peripheral surface is disposed in the casing, and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor is provided with a desired gap outside the rotor, and a plurality of grooves are formed on the inner peripheral surface. A mechanical pulverizing apparatus that pulverizes the object to be crushed in the gap,
A total of four communication ports are provided at two positions corresponding to both end edges of the liner of the casing, and one of the two communication ports at one end is a supply port for the object to be crushed. Yes, one of the two communication ports on the other end is a discharge port for the object to be crushed,
One supply port for the object to be pulverized is selected from the two communication ports at the one end, and the object to be pulverized from the two communication ports at the other end according to the rotation direction of the rotating shaft. One of the outlets is selected,
The plurality of blades of the rotor are arranged in a plurality of stages in a direction along the rotation axis, and when at least one of the blades is in a normal rotation direction, the rotation direction of the rotation shaft is the object to be crushed. A mechanical crusher characterized in that it is inclined in a direction that obstructs the flow of water.   The mechanical crusher according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of grooves formed on the inner peripheral surface of the liner are grooves in a direction parallel to the rotation axis. A plurality of blades on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor are parallel to the moving direction of the object to be crushed in the casing, one or more blades parallel to the rotation shaft, and at least one or more crushed objects following the blade. mechanical grinding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of a blade inclined in a direction that prevents the flow of goods.

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