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JP5355639B2 - Hydrogen station - Google Patents

Hydrogen station Download PDF

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JP5355639B2
JP5355639B2 JP2011177823A JP2011177823A JP5355639B2 JP 5355639 B2 JP5355639 B2 JP 5355639B2 JP 2011177823 A JP2011177823 A JP 2011177823A JP 2011177823 A JP2011177823 A JP 2011177823A JP 5355639 B2 JP5355639 B2 JP 5355639B2
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pressure
hydrogen
accumulator
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filling
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裕一郎 岡島
博貴 古田
浩造 倉橋
文彦 福地
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Tokyo Gas Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage

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Description

本発明は、水素ステーションに係り、特に水素製造装置を有する水素ステーションに関する。   The present invention relates to a hydrogen station, and more particularly to a hydrogen station having a hydrogen production apparatus.

近年、燃焼によりCO2を排出しない水素がクリーンエネルギーとして注目されている。また、水素を燃料とする燃料電池自動車(FCV)はガソリンエンジン自動車と比較して排気ガスによる問題もなく、電気自動車と比較して長距離運転が可能であるという長所があり、普及開発が進められている。さらに、燃料電池自動車の燃料供給手段として、水素ステーションの設置促進も進められている。
水素ステーションには、水素製造装置を備えた水素ステーション(オンサイト型水素ステーション)と、水素製造装置を備えず、水素製造設備、オンサイト型水素ステーション等から供給を受けて蓄圧する水素ステーション(オフサイト型水素ステーション)に分類される。
In recent years, hydrogen that does not emit CO2 due to combustion has attracted attention as clean energy. In addition, fuel cell vehicles (FCV) using hydrogen as fuel are free from problems caused by exhaust gas compared to gasoline engine vehicles, and have the advantage that they can be operated over long distances compared to electric vehicles. It has been. Furthermore, the promotion of the installation of a hydrogen station is being promoted as a fuel supply means for fuel cell vehicles.
The hydrogen station has a hydrogen station (on-site type hydrogen station) equipped with a hydrogen production device, and a hydrogen station (off-site type) that does not have a hydrogen production device and stores pressure by receiving supply from a hydrogen production facility, on-site type hydrogen station, etc. Classified as a site-type hydrogen station).

この内、オンサイト型水素ステーションの構成に関しては、例えば特許文献1に開示されている。同文献による水素ステーション100は、図11に示すように水素製造ユニット101(本願の水素製造装置に該当)と、水素製造ユニット101により製造された水素を所定圧力まで圧縮する昇圧ユニット102(同昇圧装置)と、昇圧ユニット102により圧縮された水素を貯蔵する複数の蓄ガスユニット103(同固定式蓄圧器)と、オフサイト型水素ステーション107の供給源として機能する移動式水素貯蔵設備(同可搬式蓄圧器)104と、蓄ガスユニット103又は移動式水素貯蔵設備からの水素を燃料電池車等に水素供給するディスペンサーユニット105、108と、を備えている。
かかる構成により、従来、水素ガストレーラ等により水素ガスを輸送して、移動型(オフサイト型)水素ステーションに水素供給する際の、不活性ガスの置換に伴う作業効率や安全性確保等の問題を解消している。
Among these, the configuration of the on-site type hydrogen station is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. As shown in FIG. 11, a hydrogen station 100 according to this document includes a hydrogen production unit 101 (corresponding to the hydrogen production apparatus of the present application), and a pressure increase unit 102 (compressed pressure) for compressing hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit 101 to a predetermined pressure. Apparatus), a plurality of gas storage units 103 (same fixed pressure accumulators) for storing hydrogen compressed by the pressure boosting unit 102, and a mobile hydrogen storage facility (same as the supply source for the off-site type hydrogen station 107) Portable pressure accumulator) 104 and dispenser units 105 and 108 for supplying hydrogen from a gas storage unit 103 or mobile hydrogen storage equipment to a fuel cell vehicle or the like.
With such a configuration, problems such as ensuring work efficiency and safety associated with replacement of inert gas when hydrogen gas is transported by a hydrogen gas trailer and supplied to a mobile (off-site) hydrogen station. Has been eliminated.

特開2009−236270号公報JP 2009-236270 A

水素ステーション100では可搬式蓄圧器を接続した状態で、固定式蓄圧器と可搬式蓄圧器に同時に水素充填する構成となっている。このため、可搬式蓄圧器に対する出荷設備としては機能するものの、可搬式蓄圧器からディスペンサーを介して水素供給する機能は有していない。
このため、水素製造装置に故障が発生した場合、他の水素製造拠点から出荷された可搬式蓄圧器を接続して、車両等に水素供給できないという不都合が生じる。特に、バスやトラック等、営業用車両への水素供給についてはより高い供給安定性が求められるため、上記文献1のシステムでは水素製造装置を複数系統装備する必要があり、コストアップ要因ともなる。
The hydrogen station 100 has a configuration in which a fixed pressure accumulator and a portable pressure accumulator are simultaneously charged with hydrogen while a portable pressure accumulator is connected. For this reason, although it functions as a shipping facility for the portable pressure accumulator, it does not have a function of supplying hydrogen from the portable pressure accumulator via the dispenser.
For this reason, when a failure occurs in the hydrogen production apparatus, there is an inconvenience that a portable pressure accumulator shipped from another hydrogen production base is connected and hydrogen cannot be supplied to a vehicle or the like. In particular, since hydrogen supply to commercial vehicles such as buses and trucks requires higher supply stability, it is necessary to equip a plurality of systems for hydrogen production with the system of the above-mentioned literature 1, which causes a cost increase.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためのものであって、供給安定性を確保しつつコストダウン可能な水素ステーションを提供するものである。
本発明は、以下の内容をその要旨とする。すなわち、
第一の発明は、水素製造装置を備えた水素ステーションであって、
水素製造装置(2)で製造された水素を所定圧力に昇圧する昇圧装置(6)と、
昇圧装置(6)で昇圧された水素を貯蔵する固定式蓄圧器(S1)と、
昇圧装置(6)で昇圧された水素を貯蔵し、かつ、外部に移動可能な可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と、
固定式蓄圧器(S1)又は可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)内の水素を車両に供給するためのディスペンサー(3)と、
水素製造装置(2)と昇圧装置(6)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R1)と、
減圧弁(4)を介在させて、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と昇圧装置(6)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R6)と、
昇圧装置(6)と固定式蓄圧器(S1)間を結ぶ充填系統(R2)と、
昇圧装置(6)と可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)間を結ぶ充填系統(R3)と、
固定式蓄圧器(S1)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R4)と、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R5)と、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と固定式蓄圧器(S1)間を結ぶ水素充填系統(R7)と、
を備えて成り、かつ、
各系統(R1−R7)の適宜切り替えにより、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)から直接または昇圧装置(6)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S1)へ水素を充填し、及びディスペンサー(3)に水素供給可能に構成した、ことを特徴とする。
The present invention is for solving the above-described problems, and provides a hydrogen station capable of reducing costs while ensuring supply stability.
The gist of the present invention is as follows. That is,
A first invention is a hydrogen station equipped with a hydrogen production apparatus,
A booster (6) for boosting the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device (2) to a predetermined pressure;
A fixed pressure accumulator (S1) for storing hydrogen boosted by the booster (6);
A portable pressure accumulator (Ca) that stores hydrogen boosted by the pressure booster (6) and is movable to the outside;
A dispenser (3) for supplying hydrogen in the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) or portable pressure accumulator (Ca) to the vehicle;
A boosting system (R1) connecting the hydrogen production device (2) and the boosting device (6);
A pressure increasing system (R6) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the pressure increasing device (6) through the pressure reducing valve (4);
A filling system (R2) connecting the booster (6) and the fixed accumulator (S1);
A filling system (R3) connecting the booster (6) and the portable pressure accumulator (Ca);
A hydrogen supply system (R4) connecting the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) and the dispenser (3);
A hydrogen supply system (R5) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the dispenser (3);
A hydrogen filling system (R7) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the fixed pressure accumulator (S1);
And comprising
By appropriately switching each system (R1-R7), hydrogen is charged from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) directly or through the pressure booster (6) to the fixed pressure accumulator (S1), and the dispenser (3) is charged with hydrogen. It is configured to be able to supply.

本発明において「水素製造装置」とは、都市ガス、脱硫ガソリン、ナフサ、メタノールなど炭化水素系原料の水蒸気改質、製鉄COGからの精製分離、アルカリ水電解など、種々の方式により水素を製造する装置をいう。
系統(R1−R7)の切り替えは、例えば系統内に切替バルブ等の流路切替手段を設けて、これを適宜操作することにより可能である。具体的には、後述するように例えば可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)から直接固定式蓄圧器(S1)又はディスペンサー(3)に水素供給する場合には(図2(e)参照)、R6,R2系統を開とし、他の系統を閉とすることにより可能となる。以下の各発明においても同様である。
In the present invention, the “hydrogen production apparatus” means producing hydrogen by various methods such as steam reforming of hydrocarbon-based raw materials such as city gas, desulfurized gasoline, naphtha, and methanol, purification separation from iron-making COG, and alkaline water electrolysis. Refers to the device.
The system (R1-R7) can be switched by, for example, providing a channel switching means such as a switching valve in the system and appropriately operating it. Specifically, for example, when hydrogen is directly supplied from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) to the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) or the dispenser (3) as described later (see FIG. 2 (e)), R6 and R2 This is possible by opening the system and closing the other systems. The same applies to each of the following inventions.

第二の発明は、第一の発明において、さらに、水素製造装置(2)で製造された水素を、前記昇圧装置(6)より高い第一の高圧設定圧(PH1)に昇圧する高圧昇圧装置(21)と、
高圧昇圧装置(21)で昇圧した水素を貯蔵する固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)と、
減圧弁(22)を介在させて、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と高圧昇圧装置(21)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R21)と、
高圧昇圧装置(21)と固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)間を結ぶ充填系統(R22)と、
固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R23)と、
減圧弁(22)を介在させて、固定式高圧蓄圧器(S1)と高圧昇圧装置(21)間を結ぶ昇圧・充填系統(R24)と、
を備え、かつ、各系統(R21−R24)の適宜切り替えにより、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)内貯蔵水素を、高圧昇圧装置(21)により昇圧後に固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)に充填可能とし、及び、
固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)内貯蔵水素を、ディスペンサー(3)を介して車両に差圧充填可能に構成した、ことを特徴とする。
According to a second invention, in the first invention, the high pressure booster further boosts the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device (2) to a first high pressure setting pressure ( PH1 ) higher than that of the booster device (6). A device (21);
A fixed high pressure accumulator (S2) for storing hydrogen boosted by the high pressure booster (21);
A pressure increasing system (R21) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the high pressure boosting device (21) with a pressure reducing valve (22) interposed therebetween;
A filling system (R22) connecting the high pressure booster (21) and the fixed high pressure accumulator (S2);
A hydrogen supply system (R23) connecting the fixed high-pressure accumulator (S2) and the dispenser (3);
A pressure boosting / filling system (R24) connecting the fixed high pressure accumulator (S1) and the high pressure booster (21) with a pressure reducing valve (22) interposed therebetween;
And by appropriately switching each system (R21-R24),
The hydrogen stored in the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) can be charged into the fixed high pressure accumulator (S2) after being boosted by the high pressure booster (21), and
The storage type hydrogen stored in the fixed high-pressure accumulator (S2) is configured to be able to fill the vehicle with a differential pressure via the dispenser (3).

本発明において「差圧充填」とは、固定式蓄圧器、可搬式蓄圧器又は固定式高圧蓄圧器の充填圧力が車両の充填圧力より高い場合に、両者の差圧を利用して車両に充填する充填方式をいう。   In the present invention, “differential pressure filling” refers to filling the vehicle using the differential pressure between the fixed pressure accumulator, the portable pressure accumulator or the fixed high pressure accumulator when the filling pressure is higher than the vehicle filling pressure. Refers to the filling method.

第三の発明は、第一の発明において、さらに、水素製造装置(2)で製造された水素を昇圧装置(6)より高い第二の高圧設定圧(PH2)に昇圧する高圧昇圧装置(31)と、
減圧弁(33)を介在させて、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と高圧昇圧装置(31)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R31)と、
高圧昇圧装置(31)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R32)と、
減圧弁(33)を介在させて、固定式高圧蓄圧器(S1)と高圧昇圧装置(31)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R33)と、を備え、かつ、各系統(R31−R33)の適宜切り替えにより、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)内貯蔵水素を高圧昇圧装置(31)により昇圧後に、ディスペンサー(3)を介して車両に直接充填可能に構成した、ことを特徴とする
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high pressure booster that boosts the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device (2) to a second high pressure setting pressure ( PH2 ) that is higher than the booster (6). 31) and
A pressure increasing system (R31) connecting the portable accumulator (Ca) and the high pressure boosting device (31) with a pressure reducing valve (33) interposed therebetween;
A hydrogen supply system (R32) connecting the high pressure booster (31) and the dispenser (3);
A pressure increasing system (R33) connecting the fixed high pressure accumulator (S1) and the high pressure boosting device (31) with a pressure reducing valve (33) interposed therebetween, and switching between the systems (R31-R33) as appropriate By
It is configured such that the hydrogen stored in the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) can be directly charged into the vehicle via the dispenser (3) after being boosted by the high pressure booster (31).

なお、昇圧装置(6)、高圧昇圧装置(21)の設定圧力は、車両への供給圧力、容器の最高充填圧力(および価格)に基づいて、適宜定めることができる。   The set pressure of the booster (6) and the high pressure booster (21) can be determined as appropriate based on the supply pressure to the vehicle and the maximum filling pressure (and price) of the container.

第四の発明は、上記第一乃至第三のいずれか記載の水素ステーションにおける可搬式蓄圧器から固定式蓄圧器への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)の充填圧力(Pca)が、固定式蓄圧器(S1)の圧力より高い場合には、充填系統(R7)を介して差圧により充填し、
差圧による充填が不可能になった段階で、昇圧装置(6)を稼働させて昇圧系統(R6)を介して充填する、ことを特徴とする。
A fourth invention is a method of filling hydrogen from a portable pressure accumulator to a fixed pressure accumulator in the hydrogen station according to any one of the first to third aspects,
When the filling pressure (Pca) of the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) is higher than the pressure of the fixed pressure accumulator (S1), it is filled with a differential pressure via the filling system (R7),
In the stage where the filling by the differential pressure becomes impossible, the boosting device (6) is operated and filling is performed via the boosting system (R6).

第五の発明は、上記第二の発明に係る水素ステーションにおけるディスペンサーを介しての車両への水素供給方法であって、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)から標準設定圧(P)に到達するまでディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R5)を介して水素供給し、
標準設定圧(P)に到達していない場合には、さらに、固定式蓄圧器(S1)から順次ディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R4)を介して水素供給する、ことを特徴とする。
The fifth invention is a method of supplying hydrogen to a vehicle via a dispenser in the hydrogen station according to the second invention, until reaching the standard set pressure (P L ) from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca). Hydrogen is supplied to the dispenser (3) through the supply system (R5),
When the pressure does not reach the standard set pressure (P L ), hydrogen is further supplied from the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) to the dispenser (3) sequentially through the supply system (R4).

第六の発明は、上記第二の発明に係る水素ステーションにおける可搬式蓄圧器から固定式蓄圧器(S1)又は固定式蓄圧器(S2)への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)の充填圧力(Pca)が、高圧昇圧装置(21)の受入圧力(Pcr(min))より高い場合には、
高圧昇圧装置(21)を稼働させて昇圧系統(R21)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S2)に水素充填し、次いで、高圧昇圧装置(21)を停止させて請求項4の工程に従い固定式蓄圧器(S1)に水素充填し、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)の充填圧力(Pca)が、高圧昇圧装置(21)の受入圧力(Pcr(min))以下の場合には、請求項4の工程に従い固定式蓄圧器(S1)に水素充填する、
ことを特徴とする、ことを特徴とする。
A sixth invention is a method of filling hydrogen from a portable pressure accumulator to a fixed pressure accumulator (S1) or a fixed pressure accumulator (S2) in the hydrogen station according to the second invention,
When the filling pressure (Pca) of the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) is higher than the receiving pressure (Pcr (min)) of the high pressure booster (21),
The high pressure booster (21) is operated to fill the stationary accumulator (S2) with hydrogen via the boosting system (R21), and then the high pressure booster (21) is stopped and fixed according to the process of claim 4. Fill the accumulator (S1) with hydrogen,
When the charging pressure (Pca) of the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) is equal to or lower than the receiving pressure (Pcr (min)) of the high pressure booster (21), the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) is applied according to the process of claim 4. Filling with hydrogen,
It is characterized by that.

第七の発明は、上記第二の発明に係る水素ステーションにおけるディスペンサーを介しての車両への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)からディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R5)を介して水素供給し、
標準設定圧(P)まで充填できた場合には、次いで第一の高圧設定圧(PH1)まで供給系統(R23)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S2)から差圧で充填し、
標準設定圧(P)まで充填できない場合には、固定式蓄圧器(S1)から標準設定圧(P)に到達するまでディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R4)を介して水素供給し、
さらに固定式蓄圧器(S2)から差圧で供給系統(R23)を介して第一の高圧設定圧(PH1)まで充填する、ことを特徴とする。
A seventh invention is a method of filling hydrogen into a vehicle through a dispenser in the hydrogen station according to the second invention,
Hydrogen is supplied from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) to the dispenser (3) via the supply system (R5),
When it can be filled up to the standard set pressure (P L ), it is then filled up to the first high pressure set pressure (P H1 ) with a differential pressure from the fixed pressure accumulator (S2) via the supply system (R23),
If the standard set pressure (P L ) cannot be charged, hydrogen is supplied from the fixed accumulator (S1) to the dispenser (3) through the supply system (R4) until the standard set pressure (P L ) is reached,
Furthermore, it is filled with a differential pressure from the fixed pressure accumulator (S2) to the first high pressure set pressure (P H1 ) via the supply system (R23).

第八の発明は、上記第三の発明に係る水素ステーションにおけるディスペンサーを介しての車両への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)からディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R5)を介して水素供給し、
設定標準圧(P)まで充填できた場合には、次いで高圧昇圧装置(31)を稼働させて供給系統(R31)を介して、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)から第二の高圧設定圧(PH2)まで充填し、
設定標準圧(P)まで充填できない場合には、供給系統(R4)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S1)から標準設定圧(P)まで充填し、
さらに高圧昇圧装置(31)を稼働させて、供給系統(R32)及び供給系統(R33)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S1)から第二の高圧設定圧(PH2)まで充填する、ことを特徴とする。
The eighth invention is a method of filling hydrogen into a vehicle through a dispenser in the hydrogen station according to the third invention,
Hydrogen is supplied from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) to the dispenser (3) via the supply system (R5),
When the pressure reaches the set standard pressure (P L ), the high pressure booster (31) is then operated and the second high pressure set pressure (Ca) is supplied from the portable accumulator (Ca) via the supply system (R31). Up to pH 2 )
If the set standard pressure (P L ) cannot be filled, the fixed pressure accumulator (S 1) is filled to the standard set pressure (P L ) via the supply system (R 4).
Further by operating the high-pressure booster (31), filling a fixed accumulator through the supply line (R32) and the supply line (R33) from (S1) to a second high pressure set pressure (P H2), that Features.

本発明によれば、配管系統のバルブ切り替えのみにより出荷設備及び受入設備として機能するため、システムの簡素化、低コスト化が可能となるという効果がある。
また、受入時に可搬式蓄圧器の圧力が高い場合には、水素圧縮機を介さずに固定式蓄圧器またはディスペンサーに水素供給可能とすることにより、水素圧縮機を動作させるエネルギーを削減することができる。
また、水素製造装置が故障等により機能しない場合であっても、固定式蓄圧器及び車両への充填が可能という効果がある。
According to the present invention, since it functions as a shipping facility and a receiving facility only by switching valves of the piping system, there is an effect that the system can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
In addition, when the pressure of the portable pressure accumulator is high at the time of acceptance, energy for operating the hydrogen compressor can be reduced by enabling hydrogen supply to the fixed pressure accumulator or the dispenser without going through the hydrogen compressor. it can.
In addition, even when the hydrogen production apparatus does not function due to a failure or the like, there is an effect that the stationary pressure accumulator and the vehicle can be filled.

第一の実施形態における水素ステーション1の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the hydrogen station 1 in 1st embodiment. 水素ステーション1における昇圧系統R1、充填系統R2を示す図である。It is a figure which shows pressure | voltage rise system R1 in the hydrogen station 1, and filling system R2. 充填系統R3を示す図である。It is a figure which shows filling system | strain R3. 供給系統R4を示す図である。It is a figure which shows supply system | strain R4. 供給系統R5を示す図である。It is a figure which shows supply system R5. 昇圧系統R6を示す図である。It is a figure which shows pressure | voltage rise system R6. 昇圧系統R7を示す図である。It is a figure which shows pressure | voltage rise system R7. 水素ステーション1における通常時における蓄圧器S1、Caへの充填態様を示すフロー図である。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a filling mode of the accumulator S1 and Ca at a normal time in the hydrogen station 1. 同可搬式蓄圧器Caからの受入態様を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the acceptance aspect from the portable pressure accumulator Ca. 同可搬式蓄圧器Caから車両への充填態様を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the filling aspect from the portable pressure accumulator Ca to a vehicle. 第二の実施形態における水素ステーション20の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the hydrogen station 20 in 2nd embodiment. 水素ステーション20における昇圧系統R21、充填系統R22を示す図である。2 is a diagram showing a boosting system R21 and a filling system R22 in the hydrogen station 20. FIG. 同供給系統R23を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the supply system | strain R23. 同昇圧・充填系統R24を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the same pressure | voltage rise and filling system | strain R24. 水素ステーション20における可搬式蓄圧器Caから固定式蓄圧器S1,S2への充填態様を示すフロー図である。FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a filling mode from the portable pressure accumulator Ca to the fixed pressure accumulators S1 and S2 in the hydrogen station 20. 同車両への充填態様を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the filling aspect to the vehicle. 第三の実施形態における水素ステーション30の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the hydrogen station 30 in 3rd embodiment. 水素ステーション30における昇圧系統R31、供給系統R32を示す図である。2 is a diagram showing a boosting system R31 and a supply system R32 in the hydrogen station 30. FIG. 同昇圧系統R33を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the same pressure | voltage rise system R33. 水素ステーション30における車両への充填態様を示すフロー図である。FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing how a vehicle is filled in the hydrogen station 30. 従来の水素ステーション100の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional hydrogen station.

以下、本発明に係る水素ステーションの実施形態について、図1乃至10を参照してさらに詳細に説明する。重複説明を避けるため、各図において同一構成には同一符号を用いている。なお、本発明の範囲は特許請求の範囲記載のものであって、以下の実施形態に限定されないことはいうまでもない。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the hydrogen station according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. In order to avoid redundant description, the same reference numerals are used for the same components in the respective drawings. Needless to say, the scope of the present invention is described in the claims and is not limited to the following embodiments.

(第一の実施形態)
本実施形態は、35MPa差圧充填ステーション(40MPa蓄圧器に充填した水素を、ディスペンサーを介して車両に35MPa充填する)における出荷、受入及び充填に係る。
図1を参照して、本発明の一実施形態に係る水素ステーション1は、都市ガス導管からメタンを主成分とする13A都市ガスを導入して水素を製造する水素製造装置2と、水素製造装置2で製造された水素を昇圧する水素圧縮機6(請求項の昇圧装置に相当)と、昇圧された水素を貯蔵する固定式蓄圧器S1と、接続カプラー5により配管系統と着脱可能に構成され外部に移動可能な可搬式蓄圧器Caと、固定式蓄圧器S1、可搬式蓄圧器Ca内の充填水素を車両に供給するためのディスペンサー3と、を主要構成として備えている。
水素製造装置2は、都市ガス中の炭化水素を水蒸気改質器(図示せず)で水蒸気改質し、さらにPSA(図示せず)で分離して水素を得るように構成されている。水素製造装置2、水素圧縮機6の下流側にはそれぞれ逆止弁8a、8bが介装されており、逆流を防止するよう構成されている。
(First embodiment)
The present embodiment relates to shipping, receiving, and filling in a 35 MPa differential pressure filling station (filling 35 MPa of hydrogen filled in a 40 MPa pressure accumulator into a vehicle via a dispenser).
Referring to FIG. 1, a hydrogen station 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hydrogen production apparatus 2 for producing hydrogen by introducing 13A city gas mainly composed of methane from a city gas conduit, and a hydrogen production apparatus. 2 is configured to be attachable to and detachable from the piping system by a hydrogen compressor 6 (corresponding to the pressure booster of the claims), a fixed pressure accumulator S1 for storing the boosted hydrogen, and a connecting coupler 5. The main components are a portable pressure accumulator Ca that can be moved to the outside, a fixed pressure accumulator S1, and a dispenser 3 for supplying charged hydrogen in the portable pressure accumulator Ca to the vehicle.
The hydrogen production apparatus 2 is configured to reform hydrocarbons in city gas with a steam reformer (not shown) and further separate them with a PSA (not shown) to obtain hydrogen. Check valves 8a and 8b are interposed downstream of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 and the hydrogen compressor 6, respectively, so as to prevent backflow.

固定式蓄圧器S1は複数の水素貯蔵タンクを束ねて構成されており、かつ、一般的には充填水素の有効蓄ガス量の増加を図るために、2乃至3程度の複数のバンクに区画されている。各バンクの充填又は出荷は、各バンクに付設されているバルブVsの適宜切り替え操作により行われる。
可搬式蓄圧器Caも複数の水素貯蔵タンクを束ねて構成されており、最大充填圧力は容器にもよるが、20MPa乃至35MPaが多く用いられている。
水素圧縮機6は出口圧力40MPaの能力を有し、また受入圧力は水素製造装置の出口圧力に合わせて、一般的には0.6−0.7MPaに設定されている。
The fixed pressure accumulator S1 is configured by bundling a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks, and is generally divided into a plurality of banks of about 2 to 3 in order to increase the effective gas storage amount of charged hydrogen. ing. Filling or shipping of each bank is performed by appropriately switching a valve Vs attached to each bank.
The portable pressure accumulator Ca is also configured by bundling a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks, and the maximum filling pressure depends on the container, but 20 MPa to 35 MPa is often used.
The hydrogen compressor 6 has a capability of an outlet pressure of 40 MPa, and the receiving pressure is generally set to 0.6 to 0.7 MPa in accordance with the outlet pressure of the hydrogen production apparatus.

水素ステーション1の主要配管系統は以下の6系統により構成されている。図2(a)を参照して、昇圧系統R1は水素製造装置2と圧縮機6間を配管L1で結んで構成されている。また、充填系統R2は、圧縮機6と固定式蓄圧器S1間を配管L2で結んで構成されている。
図2(b)を参照して、充填系統R3は、経路内に開閉バルブ(V2)を介装させて、圧縮機6と可搬式蓄圧器Ca間を配管L2、L3で結んで構成されている。
図2(c)を参照して、供給系統R4は、固定式蓄圧器S1とディスペンサー3間を、配管L2、L4で結んで構成されている。ディスペンサー3の上流側には開閉バルブV8が介装されており、ディスペンサー3を介して車両等への水素供給時に開弁可能に構成されている。
図2(d)を参照して、供給系統R5は、経路内に開閉バルブ(V2)を介装させて、可搬式蓄圧器Caとディスペンサー3間を配管L3、L4で結んで構成されている。
図2(e)を参照して、昇圧系統R6は、経路内に減圧弁4及び開閉バルブV1を介装させて、可搬式蓄圧器Caと圧縮機6間を配管L3、L6で結んで構成されている。また上述のように、充填系統R2は圧縮機6と固定式蓄圧器S1間を配管L2で結んで構成されている。
図2(f)を参照して、充填系統R7は、経路内に開閉バルブ(V2)を介装させて、可搬式蓄圧器Caと固定式蓄圧器S1間を配管L3、L2で結んで構成されている。
The main piping system of the hydrogen station 1 is composed of the following six systems. Referring to FIG. 2A, the boost system R1 is configured by connecting the hydrogen production apparatus 2 and the compressor 6 with a pipe L1. The filling system R2 is configured by connecting the compressor 6 and the fixed pressure accumulator S1 with a pipe L2.
Referring to FIG. 2 (b), the filling system R3 is configured by connecting an open / close valve (V2) in the path and connecting the compressor 6 and the portable pressure accumulator Ca with pipes L2 and L3. Yes.
Referring to FIG. 2C, the supply system R4 is configured by connecting the fixed pressure accumulator S1 and the dispenser 3 with pipes L2 and L4. On the upstream side of the dispenser 3, an open / close valve V <b> 8 is provided, and is configured to be able to open when hydrogen is supplied to the vehicle or the like via the dispenser 3.
Referring to FIG. 2D, the supply system R5 is configured by connecting an open / close valve (V2) in the path and connecting the portable pressure accumulator Ca and the dispenser 3 with pipes L3 and L4. .
With reference to FIG.2 (e), pressure | voltage rise system R6 has the pressure reducing valve 4 and the opening-and-closing valve V1 interposed in a path | route, and connects between portable pressure accumulator Ca and the compressor 6 by piping L3, L6. Has been. Further, as described above, the filling system R2 is configured by connecting the compressor 6 and the fixed pressure accumulator S1 by the pipe L2.
Referring to FIG. 2 (f), the filling system R7 is configured by connecting an open / close valve (V2) in the path and connecting the portable pressure accumulator Ca and the fixed pressure accumulator S1 with pipes L3 and L2. Has been.

水素ステーション1は以上のように構成されており、次に、図3乃至5を参照して、通常時における固定式蓄圧器S1又は可搬式蓄圧器Caへの充填(出荷)、及び水素製造装置2故障時等における可搬式蓄圧器Caからの受入の態様について説明する。   The hydrogen station 1 is configured as described above. Next, referring to FIGS. 3 to 5, filling (shipment) of the fixed pressure accumulator S <b> 1 or the portable pressure accumulator Ca in a normal time and a hydrogen production apparatus The aspect of reception from the portable pressure accumulator Ca at the time of 2 failure etc. is demonstrated.

<通常時における蓄圧器S1、Caへの充填>
図3を参照して、初期状態において水素製造装置2停止、水素圧縮機6停止、開閉バルブV1−V2閉の状態にある(S101)。この状態から、出荷のために水素製造装置2を運転開始する(S102)。次いで水素圧縮機6を稼働開始し(S103)、固定式蓄圧器S1に設定圧力まで充填する(S104)。この際、通常は固定式蓄圧器S1の複数あるバンクのうち、残圧の高いバンク(以下、高圧バンクS1(H)側という場合がある)から順次、低残圧のバンク(同低圧バンクS1(L)側)に充填していく。
蓄圧器S1の充填が完了したときは(S105においてYES)、バルブV2を開とし(S106)、可搬式蓄圧器Caの充填を行う(S107)。なお、可搬式蓄圧器Caへの充填途中でディスペンサーからの出荷等の理由により、蓄圧器S1の圧力が閾値以下に下がった場合には(S108においてYES)、バルブV2を閉じて(S110)、蓄圧器S1に優先的に充填を行う(S104以下)。蓄圧器Caの充填が完了したときは(S109においてYES)、本フローを終了する。
<Filling into pressure accumulator S1 and Ca at normal time>
Referring to FIG. 3, in the initial state, hydrogen production device 2 is stopped, hydrogen compressor 6 is stopped, and open / close valves V1-V2 are closed (S101). From this state, the operation of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 is started for shipment (S102). Next, the operation of the hydrogen compressor 6 is started (S103), and the fixed pressure accumulator S1 is filled up to the set pressure (S104). At this time, normally, among the plurality of banks of the fixed pressure accumulator S1, a bank having a low residual pressure (hereinafter referred to as a high pressure bank S1 (H) side) is sequentially used in order from a bank having a high residual pressure. (L) side).
When filling of the pressure accumulator S1 is completed (YES in S105), the valve V2 is opened (S106), and the portable pressure accumulator Ca is filled (S107). When the pressure in the pressure accumulator S1 drops below the threshold value due to shipping from the dispenser during the filling of the portable pressure accumulator Ca (YES in S108), the valve V2 is closed (S110), The pressure accumulator S1 is preferentially filled (S104 and below). When filling of the pressure accumulator Ca is completed (YES in S109), this flow is finished.

<可搬式蓄圧器Caからの受入>
次に、図4を参照して水素製造装置2が故障等の場合における、可搬式蓄圧器Caからの受入の態様について説明する。初期状態において、バルブV1−V2は閉状態、水素圧縮機6停止状態である(S201)。また、減圧弁4は水素圧縮機6の標準受入圧力と等しくなるように設定されている。
本実施形態の充填フローは、以下に示すように固定式蓄圧器S1の圧力状態に応じて異なる。すなわち、可搬式蓄圧器Caから固定式蓄圧器S1へ差圧による供給が可能な場合には(S202においてYES)、バルブV2を開とする(S203)。これにより水素ガスは図2(f)の経路(充填系統R7)により固定式蓄圧器S1へ供給される(S204)。
このような操作により、可搬式蓄圧器の圧力を有効に使うことができ、減圧弁4を介して圧縮機6により固定式蓄圧器S1に充填する場合と比較して、電力消費の抑制が可能となる。
<Acceptance from portable pressure accumulator Ca>
Next, with reference to FIG. 4, the aspect of reception from portable pressure accumulator Ca when the hydrogen production apparatus 2 is out of order will be described. In the initial state, the valves V1-V2 are closed and the hydrogen compressor 6 is stopped (S201). The pressure reducing valve 4 is set to be equal to the standard acceptance pressure of the hydrogen compressor 6.
The filling flow of the present embodiment differs depending on the pressure state of the fixed pressure accumulator S1, as shown below. That is, when supply by the differential pressure from the portable pressure accumulator Ca to the fixed pressure accumulator S1 is possible (YES in S202), the valve V2 is opened (S203). Thus, the hydrogen gas is supplied to the fixed pressure accumulator S1 through the path (filling system R7) in FIG. 2 (f) (S204).
By such an operation, the pressure of the portable pressure accumulator can be used effectively, and the power consumption can be suppressed as compared with the case where the fixed pressure accumulator S1 is filled by the compressor 6 via the pressure reducing valve 4. It becomes.

両者の圧力が等しくなり充填不可となった時点で(S205においてYES)、次に昇圧による充填を行う。まず、バルブV1開、V2を閉とし(S206)、次いで水素圧縮機6の稼働を開始する(S207)。これにより、可搬式蓄圧器Ca内の水素ガスは図2(e)の流路(昇圧系統R6、充填系統R2)により、減圧弁4を経て水素製造装置2の出口圧力と同一に調整されたのち水素圧縮機6に導入される。圧縮機6において40MPaに昇圧されたガスの充填は、固定式蓄圧器S1の残圧の高いバンクから優先的に行われる(S208)。   When both pressures become equal and filling is impossible (YES in S205), filling by boosting is performed next. First, the valves V1 are opened and V2 are closed (S206), and then the operation of the hydrogen compressor 6 is started (S207). As a result, the hydrogen gas in the portable pressure accumulator Ca was adjusted to be the same as the outlet pressure of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 via the pressure reducing valve 4 by the flow path (pressure increase system R6, filling system R2) of FIG. After that, it is introduced into the hydrogen compressor 6. The filling of the gas whose pressure has been increased to 40 MPa in the compressor 6 is performed preferentially from the bank having a high residual pressure of the fixed pressure accumulator S1 (S208).

S202において、Pca≦P1(L)の場合には(S202においてNO)、可搬式蓄圧器Caから直接固定式蓄圧器S1への充填不可であるため、昇圧による充填となる。すなわち、バルブV1開を閉とし(S209)、S207以下のフローに移行する。この場合も充填後の各蓄圧器の圧力は、Pca>P1(L)の場合と同様となる。   In S202, when Pca ≦ P1 (L) (NO in S202), charging cannot be performed directly from the portable pressure accumulator Ca to the fixed pressure accumulator S1, and therefore charging is performed by boosting. That is, the valve V1 is closed (S209), and the flow proceeds to S207 and subsequent steps. Also in this case, the pressure of each accumulator after filling is the same as in the case of Pca> P1 (L).

<可搬式蓄圧器Caから車両への充填>
次に、図5を参照して、水素製造装置2故障時等における車両への充填の態様について説明する。この場合、可搬式蓄圧器Ca、固定式蓄圧器S1の順で車両への充填が行われる。
最初にバルブV2、V8を開とし、図2(d)の水素ガス供給系統R5により可搬式蓄圧器Caから車両への充填を開始する(S301)。なお、以下記載を省略する場合があるが、バルブV8は車両充填時に開、ディスペンサー3不使用時には閉となる。
可搬式蓄圧器Ca圧力Pca=車両圧力Pvとなった段階で(S303においてYES)、車両圧力Pvが標準設定圧(P)に達していない場合には(S3031においてNO)、バルブV2を閉とし(S304)、図2(c)の供給系統R4により蓄圧器S1からの充填に移行する。充填は低圧バンクS1(L)側から優先的に行われ、車両圧力Pvが標準設定圧(P)に達した段階で充填が完了となる(S306においてYES)。その後、上述のS301、S301のステップを実施する(S307)(図4参照)。
S3031においてYES,すなわち車両圧力Pvが標準設定圧(P)に達している場合には充填完了となる(S307へ)。
<Filling the vehicle from the portable pressure accumulator Ca>
Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the aspect of filling the vehicle when the hydrogen production apparatus 2 fails will be described. In this case, the vehicle is charged in the order of the portable pressure accumulator Ca and the fixed pressure accumulator S1.
First, the valves V2 and V8 are opened, and charging from the portable pressure accumulator Ca to the vehicle is started by the hydrogen gas supply system R5 of FIG. 2D (S301). In addition, although description may be abbreviate | omitted below, the valve | bulb V8 is opened when the vehicle is filled, and is closed when the dispenser 3 is not used.
At the stage where portable pressure accumulator Ca pressure Pca = vehicle pressure Pv (YES in S303), if vehicle pressure Pv has not reached the standard set pressure (P L ) (NO in S3031), valve V2 is closed. (S304), and the supply system R4 in FIG. 2C shifts to charging from the pressure accumulator S1. Filling is preferentially performed from the low-pressure bank S1 (L) side, and filling is completed when the vehicle pressure Pv reaches the standard set pressure (P L ) (YES in S306). Thereafter, the above steps S301 and S301 are performed (S307) (see FIG. 4).
If YES in S3031, that is, if the vehicle pressure Pv has reached the standard set pressure (P L ), the filling is completed (to S307).

なお、本実施形態では水素ガス供給系統R5について、経路内に開閉バルブ(V2)を介装させて、可搬式蓄圧器Caとディスペンサー3間を配管L3、L4で結ぶ構成としたが、これに限らず例えば開閉バルブを介装させて両装置間を直接配管で結ぶ構成とすることもできる。さらに、その他の系統についても、目的の充填、供給等を実現可能な任意のバルブ介装、配管構成を選択することができる。以下の各実施形態についても同様である。   In the present embodiment, the hydrogen gas supply system R5 is configured such that the open / close valve (V2) is interposed in the path and the portable pressure accumulator Ca and the dispenser 3 are connected by the pipes L3 and L4. For example, a configuration in which an open / close valve is interposed and the two apparatuses are directly connected by piping is also possible. Furthermore, for other systems, it is possible to select any valve intervention and piping configuration that can achieve the intended filling, supply, and the like. The same applies to the following embodiments.

(第二の実施形態)
次に、図6(a)乃至8を参照して、本発明の他の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態は70MPa差圧充填ステーションにおける受入及び充填に係る。
図6(a)を参照して、本実施形態に係る水素ステーション20の構成が上述の水素ステーション1と異なる点は、80MPa固定式高圧蓄圧器S2及び80MPa昇圧用の高圧水素圧縮機21を、さらに備えていることである。水素圧縮機21の下流側には逆止弁23が介装されている。また、図6(b)を参照して、可搬式蓄圧器Caと水素圧縮機21を結ぶ昇圧系統R21(同図太線)を備えている。昇圧系統R21は、経路内に開閉バルブV2、V4及び減圧弁22を介装させて、配管L3、L2、L21により構成されている。また、配管L22により構成される高圧水素圧縮機21と固定式高圧蓄圧器S2間を結ぶ充填系統R22(同図太線)を備えている。
さらに、図6(c)を参照して、固定式高圧蓄圧器S2とディスペンサー3間を配管L22、L23、L4で結ぶ供給系統R23(同図太線)を備えている。
さらに、図6(d)を参照して、固定式蓄圧器S1と固定式高圧蓄圧器S2間を、高圧水素圧縮機21を介在させて配管L2、L21、L22で結ぶ昇圧・充填系統R24(同図太線)を備えている。当該系統R24は、固定式蓄圧器S1から固定式高圧蓄圧器S2への充填の際に用いられる。
その他の構成は水素ステーション1と同様であるので、重複説明を省略する。
(Second embodiment)
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment relates to receiving and filling in a 70 MPa differential pressure filling station.
With reference to Fig.6 (a), the point from which the structure of the hydrogen station 20 which concerns on this embodiment differs from the above-mentioned hydrogen station 1 is that the 80 MPa fixed high pressure accumulator S2 and the high pressure hydrogen compressor 21 for 80 MPa pressurization are It is also equipped. A check valve 23 is interposed downstream of the hydrogen compressor 21. Moreover, with reference to FIG.6 (b), the pressure | voltage rise system R21 (the figure thick line) which connects portable pressure accumulator Ca and the hydrogen compressor 21 is provided. The boosting system R21 is constituted by pipes L3, L2, and L21 with opening / closing valves V2 and V4 and a pressure reducing valve 22 interposed in the path. Further, a filling system R22 (thick line in the figure) connecting the high-pressure hydrogen compressor 21 constituted by the pipe L22 and the fixed high-pressure accumulator S2 is provided.
Furthermore, with reference to FIG.6 (c), the supply type | system | group R23 (the same figure thick line) which connects between fixed high pressure accumulator S2 and the dispenser 3 by piping L22, L23, and L4 is provided.
Further, referring to FIG. 6 (d), a pressure boosting / filling system R24 (connected between the fixed pressure accumulator S1 and the fixed high pressure accumulator S2 by pipes L2, L21, L22 with a high pressure hydrogen compressor 21 interposed therebetween. (Thick line in the figure). The system R24 is used when filling the fixed high pressure accumulator S2 from the fixed pressure accumulator S1.
Since the other configuration is the same as that of the hydrogen station 1, a duplicate description is omitted.

次に、水素ステーション20における各蓄圧器又は車両への充填の態様について説明する。通常時における出荷用充填については上述の実施形態と同様であるので、重複説明を省略し、ここでは、水素製造装置2故障時における可搬式蓄圧器Caからの受入の態様について説明する。
<可搬式蓄圧器Caから固定式蓄圧器S1,S2への充填>
図7を参照して、初期状態においてバルブV1、V2,V4、V6は閉状態、水素圧縮機6、21は停止状態である(S401)。充填に際しては、可搬式蓄圧器Caの圧力状態に応じてステップが変化する。
まず、Pca>Pcr(min)、すなわち可搬式蓄圧器Caの圧力が水素圧縮機21の受入最低圧力(例えば30MPa)より大きい場合には(S402においてYES)、バルブV4を開とし(S403)、水素圧縮機21を稼働開始して(S404)、固定式高圧蓄圧器S2への充填を行う(S405)。充填完了後はバルブV4を閉とし、水素圧縮機21を停止する(S406)。
その後のフローは、上述の35MPa差圧ステーションにおけるS108、S109のステップを実施する(S407)。
Next, an aspect of filling each accumulator or vehicle in the hydrogen station 20 will be described. Since the filling for shipping at the normal time is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the redundant description is omitted, and here, the aspect of receiving from the portable pressure accumulator Ca at the time of failure of the hydrogen production apparatus 2 will be described.
<Filling from portable pressure accumulator Ca to fixed pressure accumulators S1 and S2>
Referring to FIG. 7, in the initial state, valves V1, V2, V4 and V6 are closed, and hydrogen compressors 6 and 21 are stopped (S401). At the time of filling, the step changes according to the pressure state of the portable pressure accumulator Ca.
First, when Pca> Pcr (min), that is, when the pressure of the portable accumulator Ca is higher than the lowest pressure received (for example, 30 MPa) of the hydrogen compressor 21 (YES in S402), the valve V4 is opened (S403), The operation of the hydrogen compressor 21 is started (S404), and the fixed high pressure accumulator S2 is filled (S405). After the filling is completed, the valve V4 is closed and the hydrogen compressor 21 is stopped (S406).
In the subsequent flow, steps S108 and S109 in the 35 MPa differential pressure station are performed (S407).

次に、S402においてNO、すなわちPca≦Pcr(min)の場合には、圧縮機21による80MPa昇圧ができないため高圧蓄圧器S2への充填不可となり、蓄圧器S1への充填のみとなる(S408以下)。この場合の充填フローは、上述のS202−S209と同一となる(図3参照)。   Next, if NO in S402, that is, if Pca ≦ Pcr (min), 80 MPa cannot be increased by the compressor 21, the high pressure accumulator S2 cannot be charged, and only the accumulator S1 is charged (S408 and below). ). The filling flow in this case is the same as S202-S209 described above (see FIG. 3).

<車両への充填>
本実施形態における車両への充填は、可搬式蓄圧器Ca、蓄圧器S1、高圧蓄圧器S2の順でディスペンサーを介して車両に対して充填を行う。
図8を参照して、最初にバルブV2、V6、V8を開とし(S501)、可搬式蓄圧器Caから車両への充填を行う(S502)(図2(d)、R5参照)。可搬式蓄圧器Ca圧力Pca=車両圧力Pvとなった段階で(S503においてYES)、車両圧力Pvが標準設定圧(P)に達していない場合には(S5031においてNO)、バルブV2を閉とし(S504)、蓄圧器S1から車両への充填を行う(S505)(図2(c)、R4と同様)。この場合、低圧バンクS1(L)側から使用され、順次高圧バンクS1(H)側に移行していく(S506)。車両圧力Pvが標準設定圧(P)に達した段階で(S506においてYES)、次に高圧蓄圧器S2から車両への充填を行う(S507)(図6(c)、R23と同様)。さらに、車両圧力Pvが所定の圧力(例えば70MPa)となった段階で充填が完了となり、その後、上述のS401、S402のステップを実施する(S508)(図7参照)。
S5031においてYES,すなわち車両圧力Pvが標準設定圧(P)に達している場合には、高圧蓄圧器S2からの充填に移行する(S507へ)。
<Vehicle filling>
In the present embodiment, the vehicle is charged in the order of the portable accumulator Ca, the accumulator S1, and the high-pressure accumulator S2 through the dispenser.
Referring to FIG. 8, first, valves V2, V6, and V8 are opened (S501), and the vehicle is charged from portable pressure accumulator Ca (S502) (see FIGS. 2 (d) and R5). Portable pressure accumulator Ca pressure Pca = vehicle pressure Pv (YES in S503) If vehicle pressure Pv has not reached the standard set pressure (P L ) (NO in S5031), valve V2 is closed. (S504), and the vehicle is filled from the pressure accumulator S1 (S505) (similar to FIG. 2 (c) and R4). In this case, it is used from the low-pressure bank S1 (L) side and sequentially moves to the high-pressure bank S1 (H) side (S506). When the vehicle pressure Pv reaches the standard set pressure (P L ) (YES in S506), the vehicle is then charged from the high pressure accumulator S2 (S507) (similar to FIG. 6C and R23). Further, the filling is completed when the vehicle pressure Pv reaches a predetermined pressure (for example, 70 MPa), and then the above-described steps S401 and S402 are performed (S508) (see FIG. 7).
If YES in S5031, that is, if the vehicle pressure Pv has reached the standard set pressure (P L ), the process proceeds to charging from the high pressure accumulator S2 (to S507).

(第三の実施形態)
さらに図9(a)乃至10を参照して、本発明の他の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態は70MPa直接充填ステーション(70MPa圧縮機から直接車両充填)における受入及び充填に係る。
図9(a)を参照して、本実施形態に係る水素ステーション30の構成が上述の水素ステーション20と異なる点は、80MPa高圧蓄圧器S2を有しておらず、また80MPa昇圧用の水素圧縮機21に替えて70MPa昇圧用の水素圧縮機31を備えていることである。
また、図9(b)をも参照して、可搬式蓄圧器Caと水素圧縮機31を結ぶ昇圧系統R31(同図太線)を備えている。昇圧系統R31は、経路内に減圧弁33、開閉バルブV5を介装させて配管L3、L31により構成されている。また、配管L32、L4により構成され、高圧水素圧縮機21とディスペンサー3間を結ぶ供給系統R32(同図太線)を備えている。
また、図9(c)をも参照して、固定式蓄圧器S1と水素圧縮機31を結ぶ昇圧系統R33(同図太線)を備えている。昇圧系統R33は、経路内に減圧弁33、開閉バルブV2、V5を介装させて配管L2、L3、L31により構成されている。
その他の構成は水素ステーション20と同様であるので重複説明を省略する。
(Third embodiment)
Furthermore, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment relates to receiving and filling at a 70 MPa direct filling station (direct vehicle filling from a 70 MPa compressor).
Referring to FIG. 9A, the configuration of the hydrogen station 30 according to this embodiment is different from the above-described hydrogen station 20 in that it does not have the 80 MPa high-pressure accumulator S2, and hydrogen compression for 80 MPa pressure increase. It replaces with the machine 21 and is equipped with the hydrogen compressor 31 for 70 MPa pressure | voltage rise.
Further, referring also to FIG. 9B, a booster system R31 (thick line in the figure) connecting the portable accumulator Ca and the hydrogen compressor 31 is provided. The boosting system R31 is constituted by pipes L3 and L31 with a pressure reducing valve 33 and an opening / closing valve V5 interposed in the path. Moreover, it is comprised by piping L32 and L4, and is provided with supply system R32 (the thick line in the figure) which connects between the high pressure hydrogen compressor 21 and the dispenser 3.
In addition, referring also to FIG. 9C, a boosting system R33 (thick line in the figure) connecting the fixed accumulator S1 and the hydrogen compressor 31 is provided. The boosting system R33 is configured by pipes L2, L3, and L31 with a pressure reducing valve 33 and opening / closing valves V2 and V5 interposed in the path.
Since the other configuration is the same as that of the hydrogen station 20, a duplicate description is omitted.

次に、水素ステーション30における蓄圧器、車両への充填の態様について説明する。正常時における出荷用充填及び受入用充填については、それぞれ第一の実施形態の図3、4のフローと同様であるので重複説明を省略する。
<車両への充填>
図10を参照して、最初に可搬式蓄圧器Caから車両への充填については第二の実施形態と同様であるが、充填後の蓄圧器Caの残圧状態によりその後の充填フローが異なる。
最初にバルブV2、V6,V8を開とし(S601)、可搬式蓄圧器Caから車両への充填を行う(S602)。Pv=35MPa(標準設定圧(P))、すなわち蓄圧器Caにより35MPaまで車両に充填できた場合には(S603においてYES)、蓄圧器Caの残圧Pcaが水素圧縮機31の受入最低圧力Pcr(min)を下回らないため(通常、Pca≧P≧Pcr(min) あるいは、Pcr(min) ≧Pと設定することもあるが、この場合の図は省略)、次にバルブV2、V6閉、バルブV5開とし(S604)、圧縮機31を稼働開始し(S605)、70MPaまで充填する(S606)。充填完了後、第一の実施形態と同様に蓄圧器への水素移送工程(図4のS202以下)を実施する(S612)。
Next, an aspect of filling the pressure accumulator and the vehicle in the hydrogen station 30 will be described. Since the filling for shipping and the filling for receiving in the normal state are the same as the flow of FIGS. 3 and 4 of the first embodiment, redundant description will be omitted.
<Vehicle filling>
Referring to FIG. 10, the filling from the portable pressure accumulator Ca to the vehicle is the same as in the second embodiment, but the subsequent filling flow differs depending on the residual pressure state of the pressure accumulator Ca after filling.
First, the valves V2, V6, and V8 are opened (S601), and the vehicle is charged from the portable accumulator Ca (S602). When Pv = 35 MPa (standard set pressure (P L )), that is, when the vehicle can be filled up to 35 MPa by the accumulator Ca (YES in S603), the residual pressure Pca of the accumulator Ca is the lowest received pressure of the hydrogen compressor 31. In order not to fall below Pcr (min) (usually, Pca ≧ P L ≧ Pcr (min) or Pcr (min) ≧ P L may be set, but the illustration in this case is omitted), then the valve V2, V6 is closed and valve V5 is opened (S604), the compressor 31 is started to operate (S605), and is filled up to 70 MPa (S606). After the completion of filling, a hydrogen transfer step to the pressure accumulator (S202 and after in FIG. 4) is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment (S612).

S603においてNO、すなわち蓄圧器Caにより35MPaまで充填できない場合には、バルブV2を閉とし(S607)、蓄圧器S1から車両への充填を行う(S608)。車両圧力Pvが35MPaとなった段階で(S611においてYES)、蓄圧器S1による直接充填を終了し、以下、圧縮機31による70MPa充填を行う(S604以下)。   If NO in S603, that is, if the pressure cannot be filled up to 35 MPa by the accumulator Ca, the valve V2 is closed (S607), and the vehicle is filled from the accumulator S1 (S608). When the vehicle pressure Pv reaches 35 MPa (YES in S611), the direct charging by the pressure accumulator S1 is terminated, and thereafter, 70 MPa charging by the compressor 31 is performed (S604 and below).

本発明は、都市ガスを原料とする水素ステーションに限らず、可搬式蓄圧器を用いる水素ステーションに広く適用可能である。   The present invention is not limited to hydrogen stations that use city gas as a raw material, but can be widely applied to hydrogen stations that use portable pressure accumulators.

1、20、30・・・・・水素ステーション
2、21,31・・・・・水素製造装置
3・・・・・ディスペンサー
4・・・・・減圧弁
5・・・・・接続カプラー
6・・・・・水素圧縮機
8a、8b、23,34・・・・・逆止弁
21、31・・・・高圧水素圧縮機
Ca・・・・可搬式蓄圧器
R1、R6、R21、R31、R33・・・・昇圧系統
R2、R3、R22・・・・充填系統
R4、R5、R23、R32・・・・供給系統
R24・・・・昇圧・充填系統
S1・・・・固定式蓄圧器
S2・・・・固定式高圧蓄圧器
V1〜V8・・・・開閉バルブ

1, 20, 30 ... Hydrogen station 2, 21, 31 ... Hydrogen production device 3 ... Dispenser 4 ... Pressure reducing valve 5 ... Connecting coupler 6 ... .... hydrogen compressors 8a, 8b, 23, 34 ... check valves 21, 31 ... high pressure hydrogen compressor Ca ... portable pressure accumulators R1, R6, R21, R31, ... R33 ... Boosting systems R2, R3, R22 ... Filling systems R4, R5, R23, R32 ... Supply system R24 ... Boosting / filling system S1, ... Fixed pressure accumulator S2 .... Fixed high-pressure accumulator V1 to V8 ... Open / close valve

Claims (8)

水素製造装置を備えた水素ステーションであって、
水素製造装置(2)で製造された水素を所定圧力に昇圧する昇圧装置(6)と、
昇圧装置(6)で昇圧された水素を貯蔵する固定式蓄圧器(S1)と、
昇圧装置(6)で昇圧された水素を貯蔵し、かつ、外部に移動可能な可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と、
固定式蓄圧器(S1)又は可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)内の水素を車両に供給するためのディスペンサー(3)と、
水素製造装置(2)と昇圧装置(6)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R1)と、
減圧弁(4)を介在させて、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と昇圧装置(6)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R6)と、
昇圧装置(6)と固定式蓄圧器(S1)間を結ぶ充填系統(R2)と、
昇圧装置(6)と可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)間を結ぶ充填系統(R3)と、
固定式蓄圧器(S1)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R4)と、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R5)と、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と固定式蓄圧器(S1)間を結ぶ水素充填系統(R7)と、
を備えて成り、かつ、
各系統(R1−R7)の適宜切り替えにより、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)から直接または昇圧装置(6)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S1)又はディスペンサー(3)に水素充填又は供給可能に構成した、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーション。
A hydrogen station equipped with hydrogen production equipment,
A booster (6) for boosting the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device (2) to a predetermined pressure;
A fixed pressure accumulator (S1) for storing hydrogen boosted by the booster (6);
A portable pressure accumulator (Ca) that stores hydrogen boosted by the pressure booster (6) and is movable to the outside;
A dispenser (3) for supplying hydrogen in the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) or portable pressure accumulator (Ca) to the vehicle;
A boosting system (R1) connecting the hydrogen production device (2) and the boosting device (6);
A pressure increasing system (R6) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the pressure increasing device (6) through the pressure reducing valve (4);
A filling system (R2) connecting the booster (6) and the fixed accumulator (S1);
A filling system (R3) connecting the booster (6) and the portable pressure accumulator (Ca);
A hydrogen supply system (R4) connecting the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) and the dispenser (3);
A hydrogen supply system (R5) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the dispenser (3);
A hydrogen filling system (R7) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the fixed pressure accumulator (S1);
And comprising
By appropriately switching each system (R1-R7), it is possible to charge or supply hydrogen to the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) or the dispenser (3) directly from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) or via the pressure booster (6). did,
This is a hydrogen station.
請求項1において、さらに、
水素製造装置(2)で製造された水素を、前記昇圧装置(6)より高い第一の高圧設定圧(PH1)に昇圧する高圧昇圧装置(21)と、
高圧昇圧装置(21)で昇圧した水素を貯蔵する固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)と、
減圧弁(22)を介在させて、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と高圧昇圧装置(21)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R21)と、
高圧昇圧装置(21)と固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)間を結ぶ充填系統(R22)と、
固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R23)と、
減圧弁(22)を介在させて、固定式高圧蓄圧器(S1)と高圧昇圧装置(21)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R24)と、
を備え、
かつ、各系統(R21−R24)の適宜切り替えにより、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)内貯蔵水素を、高圧昇圧装置(21)により昇圧後に固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)に充填可能とし、及び、
固定式高圧蓄圧器(S2)内貯蔵水素を、ディスペンサー(3)を介して車両に差圧充填可能に構成した、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーション。
The claim 1, further comprising:
A high pressure booster (21) for boosting the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device (2) to a first high pressure setting pressure (P H1 ) higher than the booster (6);
A fixed high pressure accumulator (S2) for storing hydrogen boosted by the high pressure booster (21);
A pressure increasing system (R21) connecting the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) and the high pressure boosting device (21) with a pressure reducing valve (22) interposed therebetween;
A filling system (R22) connecting the high pressure booster (21) and the fixed high pressure accumulator (S2);
A hydrogen supply system (R23) connecting the fixed high-pressure accumulator (S2) and the dispenser (3);
A pressure increasing system (R24) connecting the fixed high pressure accumulator (S1) and the high pressure boosting device (21) with a pressure reducing valve (22) interposed therebetween;
With
And by appropriately switching each system (R21-R24),
The hydrogen stored in the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) can be charged into the fixed high pressure accumulator (S2) after being boosted by the high pressure booster (21), and
The hydrogen stored in the fixed high pressure accumulator (S2) is configured so that the vehicle can be filled with a differential pressure via the dispenser (3).
This is a hydrogen station.
請求項1において、さらに、
水素製造装置(2)で製造された水素を昇圧装置(6)より高い第二の高圧設定圧(PH2)に昇圧する高圧昇圧装置(31)と、
減圧弁(33)を介在させて、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)と高圧昇圧装置(31)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R31)と、
高圧昇圧装置(31)とディスペンサー(3)間を結ぶ水素供給系統(R32)と、
減圧弁(33)を介在させて、固定式高圧蓄圧器(S1)と高圧昇圧装置(31)間を結ぶ昇圧系統(R33)と、
を備え、かつ、各系統(R31−R33)の適宜切り替えにより、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)内貯蔵水素を高圧昇圧装置(31)により昇圧後に、ディスペンサー(3)を介して車両に直接充填可能に構成した、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーション。
The claim 1, further comprising:
A high pressure booster (31) for boosting the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device (2) to a second high pressure setting pressure ( PH2 ) higher than the booster (6);
A pressure increasing system (R31) connecting the portable accumulator (Ca) and the high pressure boosting device (31) with a pressure reducing valve (33) interposed therebetween;
A hydrogen supply system (R32) connecting the high pressure booster (31) and the dispenser (3);
A pressure increasing system (R33) connecting the fixed high pressure accumulator (S1) and the high pressure boosting device (31) with a pressure reducing valve (33) interposed therebetween;
And by appropriately switching each system (R31-R33),
The hydrogen stored in the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) can be directly charged into the vehicle via the dispenser (3) after being boosted by the high pressure booster (31).
This is a hydrogen station.
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の水素ステーションにおける可搬式蓄圧器から固定式蓄圧器への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)の充填圧力(Pca)が、固定式蓄圧器(S1)の圧力より高い場合には、充填系統(R7)を介して差圧により充填し、
差圧による充填が不可能になった段階で、昇圧装置(6)を稼働させて昇圧系統(R6)を介して充填する、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーションにおける水素充填又は供給方法。
A hydrogen filling method from a portable pressure accumulator to a fixed pressure accumulator in a hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
When the filling pressure (Pca) of the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) is higher than the pressure of the fixed pressure accumulator (S1), it is filled with a differential pressure via the filling system (R7),
At the stage where the filling by the differential pressure becomes impossible, the booster (6) is operated and filled via the booster system (R6).
A hydrogen filling or supplying method in a hydrogen station.
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の水素ステーションにおけるディスペンサーを介しての車両への水素供給方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)から標準設定圧(P)に到達するまで、供給系統(R5)を介してディスペンサー(3)に水素供給し、
標準設定圧(P)に到達していない場合には、さらに、固定式蓄圧器(S1)から順次ディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R4)を介して水素供給する、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーションにおける水素充填又は供給方法。
A method for supplying hydrogen to a vehicle via a dispenser in the hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Hydrogen is supplied to the dispenser (3) through the supply system (R5) until it reaches the standard set pressure (P L ) from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca),
When the standard set pressure (P L ) has not been reached, hydrogen is further supplied from the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) to the dispenser (3) sequentially via the supply system (R4).
A hydrogen filling or supplying method in a hydrogen station.
請求項2に記載の水素ステーションにおける可搬式蓄圧器から固定式蓄圧器(S1)又は固定式蓄圧器(S2)への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)の充填圧力(Pca)が、高圧昇圧装置(21)の受入圧力(Pcr(min))より高い場合には、
高圧昇圧装置(21)を稼働させて昇圧系統(R21)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S2)に水素充填し、次いで、高圧昇圧装置(21)を停止させて請求項4の工程に従い固定式蓄圧器(S1)に水素充填し、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)の充填圧力(Pca)が、高圧昇圧装置(21)の受入圧力(Pcr(min))以下の場合には、請求項4の工程に従い固定式蓄圧器(S1)に水素充填する、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーションにおける水素充填又は供給方法。
A hydrogen filling method from a portable pressure accumulator to a fixed pressure accumulator (S1) or a fixed pressure accumulator (S2) in the hydrogen station according to claim 2,
When the filling pressure (Pca) of the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) is higher than the receiving pressure (Pcr (min)) of the high pressure booster (21),
The high pressure booster (21) is operated to fill the stationary accumulator (S2) with hydrogen via the boosting system (R21), and then the high pressure booster (21) is stopped and fixed according to the process of claim 4. Fill the accumulator (S1) with hydrogen,
When the charging pressure (Pca) of the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) is equal to or lower than the receiving pressure (Pcr (min)) of the high pressure booster (21), the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) is applied according to the process of claim 4. Filling with hydrogen,
A hydrogen filling or supplying method in a hydrogen station.
請求項2に記載の水素ステーションにおけるディスペンサーを介しての車両への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)からディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R5)を介して水素供給し、
標準設定圧(P)まで充填できた場合には、次いで第一の高圧設定圧(PH1)まで供給系統(R23)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S2)から差圧で充填し、
標準設定圧(P)まで充填できない場合には、固定式蓄圧器(S1)から標準設定圧(P)に到達するまでディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R4)を介して水素供給し、
さらに固定式蓄圧器(S2)から差圧で供給系統(R23)を介して第一の高圧設定圧(PH1)まで充填する、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーションにおける水素充填又は供給方法。
A method for filling hydrogen into a vehicle via a dispenser in the hydrogen station according to claim 2,
Hydrogen is supplied from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) to the dispenser (3) via the supply system (R5),
When it can be filled up to the standard set pressure (P L ), it is then filled up to the first high pressure set pressure (P H1 ) with a differential pressure from the fixed pressure accumulator (S2) via the supply system (R23),
If the standard set pressure (P L ) cannot be charged, hydrogen is supplied from the fixed accumulator (S1) to the dispenser (3) through the supply system (R4) until the standard set pressure (P L ) is reached,
Further, the pressure is charged from the fixed pressure accumulator (S2) to the first high pressure set pressure (P H1 ) via the supply system (R23) with a differential pressure.
A hydrogen filling or supplying method in a hydrogen station.
請求項3に記載の水素ステーションにおけるディスペンサーを介しての車両への水素充填方法であって、
可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)からディスペンサー(3)に供給系統(R5)を介して水素供給し、
標準設定圧(P)まで充填できた場合には、次いで高圧昇圧装置(31)を稼働させて供給系統(R31)を介して、可搬式蓄圧器(Ca)から第二の高圧設定圧(PH2)まで充填し、
標準設定圧(P)まで充填できない場合には、供給系統(R4)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S1)から標準設定圧(P)まで充填し、
さらに高圧昇圧装置(31)を稼働させて、供給系統(R32)及び供給系統(R33)を介して固定式蓄圧器(S1)から第二の高圧設定圧(PH2)まで充填する、
ことを特徴とする水素ステーションにおける水素充填又は供給方法。
A method for filling hydrogen into a vehicle via a dispenser in a hydrogen station according to claim 3,
Hydrogen is supplied from the portable pressure accumulator (Ca) to the dispenser (3) via the supply system (R5),
If the pressure reaches the standard set pressure (P L ), then the high pressure booster (31) is operated and the second high pressure set pressure (Ca) is supplied from the portable accumulator (Ca) via the supply system (R31). Up to pH 2 )
When the standard set pressure (P L ) cannot be filled, the fixed pressure accumulator (S 1) is filled to the standard set pressure (P L ) via the supply system (R 4).
Further, the high pressure booster (31) is operated and charged from the fixed pressure accumulator (S1) to the second high pressure set pressure (P H2 ) via the supply system (R32) and the supply system (R33).
A hydrogen filling or supplying method in a hydrogen station.
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