JP5214886B2 - 空気入りタイヤ - Google Patents
空気入りタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5214886B2 JP5214886B2 JP2007004364A JP2007004364A JP5214886B2 JP 5214886 B2 JP5214886 B2 JP 5214886B2 JP 2007004364 A JP2007004364 A JP 2007004364A JP 2007004364 A JP2007004364 A JP 2007004364A JP 5214886 B2 JP5214886 B2 JP 5214886B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- weight
- parts
- modified
- pneumatic tire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical class C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polysiloxane group Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006237 Intermediate SAF Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005103 alkyl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010551 living anionic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006173 natural rubber latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011191 terminal modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C=O FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyldisulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FBBATURSCRIBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(3-triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfanyl)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCSSSSCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC VTHOKNTVYKTUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/0041—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts comprising different tread rubber layers
- B60C11/005—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts comprising different tread rubber layers with cap and base layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L19/00—Compositions of rubbers not provided for in groups C08L7/00 - C08L17/00
- C08L19/006—Rubber characterised by functional groups, e.g. telechelic diene polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Qi=濡れ重量/乾燥重量
また、ゲル含量は、使用されたゴム粒子に対する乾燥ゴム粒子の重量比(%)である。
・末端OH基変性スチレンブタジエンゴム(変性SBR):旭化成(株)、「タフデンE10」
・スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR):旭化成(株)、「タフデン1000」
・ブタジエンゴム(BR):宇部興産(株)、「BR150」
・ゴム粒子−A:ラインケミー社、「マイクロモフ30B」、BRをベースとするゲルゴム粒子、平均粒子径=130nm、Tg=−80℃、Qi=5.9、ゲル含量=97重量%
・ゴム粒子−B:ラインケミー社、「マイクロモフ3B」、SBRをベースとするゲルゴム粒子、平均粒子径=60nm、Tg=−60℃,Qi=5.9、ゲル含量=97重量%
・ゴム粒子−C:三洋貿易(株)より供給、「VP601」、シリコンゴムをベースとするゲルゴム粒子、平均粒子径=100nm、Tg=−115〜−120℃
・シリカ:変量(デグサ社、ウルトラジルVN3)
・シランカップリング剤:変量(デグサ社、Si69)
・アロマオイル:30重量部(ジャパンエナジー(株)、X−140)
・老化防止剤6C:2重量部(大内新興化学工業(株)、ノクラック6C)
・ステアリン酸:2重量部(花王(株)、ルナックS−20)
・酸化亜鉛:3重量部(三井金属鉱業(株)、亜鉛華1号)
・パラフィンワックス:2重量部(日本精蝋(株)、オゾエース0355)
・硫黄:2重量部(細井化学工業(株)、5%オイル処理粉末硫黄)
・加硫促進剤NS:1.5重量部(大内新興化学工業(株)ノクセラーNS−P)
動的粘弾性測定装置(上島製作所(株)製)を使用し、JIS K6394に準じて、周波数50Hz、動歪み1.0%、温度50℃の条件で損失係数tanδを測定した。比較例1を100とする指数で示し、値が小さいほどtanδが低く燃費性が良好である。
ランボーン摩耗試験機(岩本製作所(株)製)を使用し、JIS K6264に準じて、荷重3kg、スリップ率20%、温度23℃の条件で摩耗減量を測定した。比較例1を100とする指数で示し、値が大きいほど耐摩耗性が良好である。
リュプケ式反発弾性試験機を使用し、JIS K6301に準じて、反発弾性(%)を測定した。比較例1を100とする指数で示し、値が大きいほど反発弾性が高く、ウェット性能が良好である。
Claims (3)
- トレッド部のタイヤ半径方向外側に配置されているキャップトレッド及びタイヤ半径方向内側に配置されているベーストレッドを有する空気入りタイヤであって、
前記キャップトレッドゴムが、
ジエン系ゴムからなるゴム成分100重量部中に、ポリマー分子末端基がヒドロキシル基により変性された変性スチレンブタジエンゴム及び/又は変性ブタジエンゴムを15重量部以上含み、
前記ゴム成分100重量部に対して、硫黄及びC=C二重結合を有し、かつヒドロキシル基を有する化合物で変性された、平均粒径が5〜2000nm、ガラス転移温度が−100〜−65℃である架橋されたゴム粒子を1〜60重量部含むゴム組成物からなる
ことを特徴とする空気入りタイヤ。 - 前記ゴム粒子は、トルエン膨潤指数(Qi)が1〜15である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気入りタイヤ。 - 前記ゴム組成物が、前記ゴム成分100重量部に対して、シリカを20〜100重量部含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の空気入りタイヤ。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007004364A JP5214886B2 (ja) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | 空気入りタイヤ |
US11/953,192 US8127812B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-12-10 | Pneumatic tire having cap tread including crosslinked rubber particles |
DE102008003175.5A DE102008003175B4 (de) | 2007-01-12 | 2008-01-04 | Luftreifen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007004364A JP5214886B2 (ja) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | 空気入りタイヤ |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008169314A JP2008169314A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
JP5214886B2 true JP5214886B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
Family
ID=39564116
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007004364A Active JP5214886B2 (ja) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | 空気入りタイヤ |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8127812B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5214886B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102008003175B4 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008052116A1 (de) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-22 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Kautschukmischungen mit funktionalisierten Dienkautschuken und Mikrogelen, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
JP4881362B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-05 | 2012-02-22 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
DE102009005713A1 (de) * | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-29 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Silanhaltige Kautschukmischungen mit gegebenenfalls funktionalisierten Dienkautschuken und Mikrogelen, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
USD608724S1 (en) | 2009-03-16 | 2010-01-26 | Trek Bicycle Corporation | Bicycle tire tread |
US7671128B1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-03-02 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tire with a component made of a rubber composition comprised of rubbers having pendant hydroxyl groups |
KR101290721B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-15 | 2013-08-14 | 한국타이어 주식회사 | 타이어 |
JP5562798B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-19 | 2014-07-30 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP5649951B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-29 | 2015-01-07 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP5649950B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-29 | 2015-01-07 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP5229431B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-22 | 2013-07-03 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物 |
EP2712890B1 (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2016-06-29 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Rubber composition for tread, and pneumatic tire |
JP5878037B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-24 | 2016-03-08 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム用配合剤の製造方法及びゴム組成物 |
WO2013168370A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 重荷重用タイヤ |
JP5650690B2 (ja) | 2012-06-12 | 2015-01-07 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | トレッド用ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
JP5737324B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-06-17 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物 |
JP6385786B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2018-09-05 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物の製造方法 |
EP3532308B1 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2020-07-01 | Compagnie Générale des Etablissements Michelin | A tire comprising a tread |
JP6899214B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-15 | 2021-07-07 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | ゴム組成物 |
WO2018116955A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | 株式会社クラレ | 樹脂組成物の制振性能の制御方法 |
JP7222273B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-05 | 2023-02-15 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
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DE3920745A1 (de) | 1989-06-24 | 1991-01-03 | Bayer Ag | Kautschukmischungen enthaltend schwefel-modifizierte polychloroprengel |
DE69119125T3 (de) | 1990-03-02 | 2001-01-11 | Bridgestone Corp., Tokio/Tokyo | Luftreifen |
DE4220563A1 (de) | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-13 | Bayer Ag | Kautschukmischungen enthaltend Polybutadien-Gel |
US5780538A (en) | 1996-03-11 | 1998-07-14 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Silica reinforced rubber composition and tire with tread |
DE19701489A1 (de) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-23 | Bayer Ag | Modifizierte Kautschukgele enthaltende Kautschukmischungen |
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US20060128868A1 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-15 | Martter Teresa D | Tire with tread containing combination of specialized elastomer and coupling agent |
JP4762563B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-02 | 2011-08-31 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤ用ゴム組成物 |
JP4187174B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-11-26 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | 冬用タイヤトレッド用ゴム組成物、及び冬用タイヤ |
DE102008052116A1 (de) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-22 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Kautschukmischungen mit funktionalisierten Dienkautschuken und Mikrogelen, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
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DE102008003175A1 (de) | 2008-07-31 |
US8127812B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
JP2008169314A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
DE102008003175B4 (de) | 2021-12-09 |
US20080169053A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
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