JP5298058B2 - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides image formation in which power is supplied from a separate power line to a main unit having at least a main control unit that controls the entire apparatus and one or more subordinate units operating in conjunction with the main control unit. It relates to the device.

In recent years, electrophotographic image forming apparatuses such as copying machines, printers, and facsimiles tend to increase the power consumption of the entire apparatus due to the increase in size and functionality. For example, for high-speed processing, the amount of heat to heat and fix the toner on the recording medium increases, or for high color and high accuracy, high-voltage load, motor load, and circuit load increase. Electricity is increasing.
As described above, since the power consumption of the apparatus tends to increase, power shortage may occur only by receiving power supplied from the power source through a single power line. That is, for example, in Japan, when receiving power from a normal single-phase 100V AC power source with a single power line, the current is limited to 15 A or less, so in an image forming apparatus with power consumption exceeding 15 A, a single power line is required. It may be difficult to supply power through the power line.
For this reason, some recent image forming apparatuses are provided with a plurality of power supply lines and the power supply destination in the apparatus is divided so as to be less than the capacity that each power supply line can cover. . For example, a power supply line that supplies power to a unit (main device unit) including a main control unit that controls the entire apparatus, and a unit that operates in conjunction with the main control unit by communicating with the main control unit It is known that a power supply line for supplying power to a slave unit such as a fixing unit having heating means that consumes particularly large power is provided separately (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2008-86191 A

However, in such an image forming apparatus provided with power supply lines for supplying power to each of the main apparatus unit and the subordinate unit, each of the plurality of power supply lines should be connected to a corresponding power supply facility. One or more of the power lines of the line may be disconnected by the user for some reason even if the user forgets to connect or once connected. In such a case, of course, the image forming apparatus does not operate normally.
In particular, when the power supply line for supplying power to the main apparatus unit is normally connected and the power supply line for supplying power to the subordinate unit is not connected, the main power supply of the image forming apparatus is turned on. A communication error may occur with the subordinate unit, and the image forming apparatus may not operate normally. In such a case, the user cannot distinguish whether the communication error that has occurred is due to an abnormality such as a failure of the slave unit or because the power is not supplied to the slave unit. There was a problem that it was not possible to restore the normal state.
Therefore, in Patent Document 1, in a power supply line that supplies power to a slave unit such as a fixing unit, connection detection means is provided that determines whether or not power is being supplied from the power supply line to the slave unit. Therefore, it is discriminated whether the abnormality caused by this is due to the fact that power is not supplied or due to other failure or the like.
However, the image forming apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the detection of whether or not power is supplied cannot be realized unless a connection detecting unit is specially added, resulting in an increase in cost.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and communicates with the main control unit including a main control unit that controls the entire apparatus, and operates in conjunction with the main control unit. In an image forming apparatus provided with a power supply line that supplies power to each subordinate unit separately, when a communication error occurs between the main control unit and the subordinate unit, the cause is that no power is supplied. It is possible to determine whether it is caused by a failure or other failure, and to quickly restore the image forming apparatus to a normal state without adding a special member and increasing the cost. It aims to be realized.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a main unit including at least a main control unit that controls the entire apparatus, and one or more subordinates that communicate with the main control unit and operate in conjunction with the main control unit. An image forming apparatus comprising a unit, a first power supply line for supplying power to the main device unit, and a second power supply line for supplying power to the subordinate unit, wherein the main device unit includes the Error detection means for detecting that an error has occurred in communication between the main control unit and the subordinate unit, and determination for determining the cause of the communication error according to the number of detections of the communication error detected by the error detection means And a notification means for notifying a user of the determination result by the determination means, and when the number of detection times is less than a predetermined number of times, the determination means A communication error is caused by the fact that power is not supplied from the second power supply line, and the notification means notifies the user to confirm the connection of the second power supply line. When the number of times of detection is equal to or greater than the specified number of times, the determination unit determines that the cause of the communication error is due to an abnormality of the subordinate unit, and the notification unit notifies the user. An abnormality of the subordinate unit is notified.
As a result, when the number of detected communication errors is less than the specified number, the determination means determines that the second power supply line is not properly connected and power is not supplied to the subordinate unit, and the notification means Prompts the user to confirm the connection of the second power supply line. If the cause of the communication error is that power is not supplied from the second power supply line, the image forming apparatus is quickly restored to a normal state. Can be made. When the communication error detection count exceeds the specified number, the notification means has already requested the user to confirm the connection of the second power supply line. The notification means notifies the user of the abnormality of the subordinate unit, so that the user can promptly respond to the abnormality, such as by contacting a service person, and the image forming apparatus is in a normal state at an early stage. Can be recovered.
Thus, since the cause of the communication error is determined by the determination means according to the number of times the communication error is detected, the main control unit and the subordinate unit can be added without adding a special member such as a connection detection means. If a communication error occurs between the printer and the device, it is possible to determine whether the cause is that the power is not supplied or that it is caused by a failure other than that. Can be recovered.

Further, the main control unit is provided with a storage unit for storing the number of detection times and the detection time of the error detected by the error detection unit, and the previous main control unit is provided when a communication error is detected by the error detection unit. It is configured to initialize the number of detections stored in the storage unit when the time has elapsed from a latest detection time stored in the storage unit over a predetermined period.
In this case, the second power supply line is not confirmed in response to a communication error that has occurred after the normal operation has been resumed after normal operation or a request for confirmation of the connection of the second power supply line from the notification means. As for the communication error that occurs after being left unattended, it can be determined whether the cause is that the power is not supplied from the second power supply line or the abnormality of the subordinate unit.
Specifically, the subordinate unit includes a fixing unit.

According to the present invention, first, when the number of communication errors detected is less than the specified number, the determination means determines that the connection to the second power supply line is not normal and power is not supplied to the subordinate unit, Since the notifying means requests the user to confirm the connection of the second power supply line, if the cause of the communication error is that power is not supplied from the second power supply line, the image forming apparatus is quickly brought into a normal state. Can be recovered. When the communication error detection count exceeds the specified number, the notification means has already requested the user to confirm the connection of the second power supply line. The notification means notifies the user of the abnormality of the subordinate unit, so that the user can promptly respond to the abnormality, such as by contacting a service person, and the image forming apparatus is in a normal state at an early stage. Can be recovered.
Thus, since the cause of the communication error is determined by the determination means according to the number of times the communication error is detected, the main control unit and the subordinate unit can be added without adding a special member such as a connection detection means. If a communication error occurs between the printer and the device, it is possible to determine whether the cause is that the power is not supplied or that it is caused by a failure other than that. Can be recovered.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. 1 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. 6 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a determination process of the cause of communication error in the image forming apparatus according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the present invention can be understood. The following embodiment is an example embodying the present invention, and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention.
First, an outline of an image forming apparatus (multifunction machine X) according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The present invention can be applied to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, and a facsimile machine. In the present embodiment, the multifunction machine X shown in FIG. 1 will be described as an example.
1 is roughly divided into a document reading unit 1, a paper feeding unit 2, a printing unit 3, and a paper discharge unit 4. The document reading unit 1 is disposed above the paper feeding unit 2, and the printing unit 3 is disposed at an intermediate portion between the document reading unit 1 and the paper feeding unit 2. The multi-function machine X also includes a main control unit 5 that performs overall control of the multi-function machine X and an operation display unit 6 (see FIG. 2) that performs various operation inputs and displays.
Hereinafter, each part will be described in detail.

The document reading unit 1 includes an automatic document feeder 11, a document table 12, an illumination device 13, light guide mirrors 14a to 14c, an optical lens 15, a CCD 16, and the like.
While the original M is transported in the sub-scanning direction through the reading position 12a by the automatic document feeder 11, or the illumination device 13 moves in the sub-scanning direction with respect to the original M placed on the document placing table 12, The illumination device 13 irradiates the original M with light. Reflected light from the document M is guided by the light guide mirrors 14 a, 14 b, and 14 c and condensed by the optical lens 15. Further, the CCD 16 converts the image information contained in the reflected light into an electrical signal (image information signal) and inputs it to the main controller 5.

As shown in FIG. 2, the main control unit 5 includes a main CPU 51, a ROM, a hard disk, etc., and a system storage unit 52 that stores programs such as an operating system and applications, a hard disk, a non-volatile memory, and the like. A data storage unit 53 for storing various data such as data is provided. The main control unit 5 performs overall control of the entire MFP X according to the embodiment of the present invention, including image forming processing, etc., by the main CPU 51 executing a control program stored in the system storage unit 52 in advance. Is to do.
The image information signal input to the main control unit 5 is subjected to various processes and stored in the data storage unit 53. Since the contents of the image processing are not directly related to the present invention, a detailed explanation is omitted here.
The image information stored in the data storage unit 53 is read out by the main CPU 51 in accordance with an operation input via the operation display unit 6 and used for the following image forming process and the like.
In the image forming process, the main control unit 5 controls and operates an image forming unit 3a to be described later and communicates with a fixing control unit 7 for controlling a fixing unit 3b (an example of a subordinate unit) to be described later. This is done by linking the unit 3b with the main controller 5.

Hereinafter, the image forming process will be described.
The paper feed unit 2 is generally composed of a paper feed cassette 21, a paper feed roller 22, and the like. Printing paper S is placed in the paper feeding cassette 21 in advance.
When an operation input indicating an image formation request is made via the operation display unit 6, the main control unit 5 rotates the paper feed roller 22 to print the print paper S placed in the paper feed cassette 21. 3 to transport.
The printing unit 3 includes a conveyance roller 31, a photosensitive drum 32, a light source 33, a lens 34, a polygon mirror 35, a charging device 36, a developing device 37, and an image forming unit 3 a, and a fixing unit including a fixing device 38. 3b.
The printing paper S conveyed from the paper supply unit 2 is conveyed to the image forming unit 3 a by the conveyance roller 31.
The main control unit 5 controls the light source 33 in accordance with an operation input indicating an image formation request from the operation display unit 6, outputs a beam light for writing an electrostatic latent image, and makes the surface uniform by the charging device 36. The charged photosensitive drum 32 is exposed. The light beam is irradiated onto the photosensitive drum 32 through optical devices such as a lens 34 and a polygon mirror 35, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 32.

The toner on the developing roller provided in the developing device 37 is attracted to the surface of the photosensitive drum 32 according to the potential gap (developing bias) between the photosensitive drum 32 and the developing roller, and the electrostatic latent image is a toner image. As visualized.
The toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 32 is transferred to the printing paper S conveyed by the conveyance roller 31.
Then, the printing paper S to which the toner image is transferred is conveyed to the fixing device 38 and nipped between the rollers heated by heater heating or induction heating, and the toner image is melted and fixed on the printing paper S. The printing paper S on which the toner image is fixed is conveyed to the paper discharge unit 4 and discharged.
The above is the same as the conventional multifunction machine.

Here, the fixing device 38 of the multifunction machine X requires a large amount of electric power in order to melt the toner and fix it on the printing paper S as described above. Therefore, in the multi-function machine X, it may be difficult to cover the power required by the entire apparatus by supplying power from a single power line.
In order to prevent this, as shown in FIG. 2, the multifunction machine X includes two power supply lines (first power supply line P1 and second power supply line P2). The first power supply line P1 is a line that supplies power to the main apparatus unit Y including the main control unit 5, the image forming unit 3a, the operation display unit 6, and the like, and the second power supply line P2 is the fixing unit 3b (subordinate unit). This is a line for supplying power to (example). Although omitted in FIG. 2, the main unit Y includes the document reading unit 1 and the paper feeding unit 2.
Further, the fixing device 38 requires preheating even when the above-described image forming processing is not performed, that is, during standby. Therefore, the main control unit 5 always communicates with the fixing control unit 7 in order to keep the fixing device 38 at an optimum temperature as well as during the image forming process, and controls the fixing device 38 to the fixing control unit 7. I am letting. More specifically, for example, every 160 ms between the serial communication interface 51a of the main CPU 51 of the main control unit 5 and the serial communication interface 71a of the sub CPU 71 of the fixing control unit 7 connected thereto. Serial communication is performed. The 8-bit command data is transmitted from the main CPU 51 of the main control unit 5 to the sub CPU 71 of the fixing control unit 7, and the sub CPU 71 of the fixing control unit 7 controls the fixing device 38 according to the command data and also outputs the 8-bit status data. A reply is sent to the main CPU 51a.
The main control unit 5 detects that an error has occurred in the serial communication by executing an error detection program 52a (an example of an error detection unit) stored in the system storage unit 52 by the main CPU 51. The error detection program 52a is a program that determines that a communication error has occurred, for example, when no status data is returned in response to the command data described above or when the status data indicates an abnormal value.

By the way, in the multi-function machine X, as described above, power is supplied to the main unit Y and the fixing unit 3b from different power lines (first power line P1, second power line P2). For this reason, if either one of the first power supply line P1 and the second power supply line P2 is not connected to the corresponding power supply facility, the copying machine X does not operate normally.
In particular, when the first power supply line P1 that supplies power to the main apparatus unit Y including the main control unit 5 is normally connected and the second power supply line P2 that supplies power to the fixing unit 3b is not connected, When the main power switch (not shown) of the multifunction device X is turned on, the main device unit Y is activated, but the fixing unit 3b is not activated, resulting in the communication error described above and the multifunction device X not operating normally. become. In such a case, the communication error may be caused by a failure of the fixing control unit 7 (sub CPU 71) or the like only by notifying the user that the communication error has occurred by displaying it on the display unit 6 provided in the operation display unit 6. Whether the power is not supplied to the fixing unit 3b, that is, whether the sub CPU 71 is not operating because the second power supply line is not normally connected. It cannot be determined, and the MFP X cannot be promptly restored to a normal state.
Therefore, the main control unit 5 executes the error determination program 52b (an example of the determination unit) stored in the system storage unit 52 by the main CPU 51, thereby detecting the cause of the communication error detected by the error detection program 52a. The determination result is displayed on a display unit 61 (an example of a notification unit) provided in the operation display unit 6 to notify the user of the cause of the communication error along with the occurrence of the communication error.
Specifically, when the main CPU 51 of the main control unit 5 executes the error determination program 52b, the number N of communication errors detected by the error detection program 52a is determined in advance and stored in the system storage unit 52. Compare with the specified number of times T. If the number of detections N is less than the specified number T, the main CPU 51 determines that the cause of the communication error is that the second power supply line P2 is not connected, and the display unit 61 notifies the user of the second power supply. A display requesting connection confirmation of the line P2 is performed. When the number of detections N is equal to or greater than the specified number T, the main CPU 51 determines that the cause of the communication error is due to an abnormality (failure or the like) in the fixing unit 3b (sub CPU 71), and the display unit 61 A display for notifying the user of an abnormality in the fixing unit 3b is performed.
In the present embodiment, the error detection means and the determination means are configured as an error detection program 52a and an error determination program 52b executed by the main CPU 51, respectively, but are not limited thereto. For example, it may be configured as an electronic circuit or the like that performs the same function.

Hereinafter, an example of the determination process of the cause of the communication error in the multifunction machine X will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Here, S1, S2,... Shown in FIG. 3 represent processing procedure (step) numbers.
When a main power switch (not shown) is turned on with at least the first power supply line P1 being normally connected, that is, with power supplied to the main unit Y, the main control unit 5 is activated and causes a communication error. The determination process is started.

(Step S1)
First, when the main control unit 5 is activated, serial communication is started between the main CPU 51 and the sub CPU 71 of the fixing control unit 7. In step S1, it is determined whether or not the serial communication is normally performed. Is done. That is, the main CPU 51 executes the above-described error detection program 52a to detect whether an error has occurred in serial communication.
If no communication error is detected, serial communication between the main control unit 5 and the fixing control unit 7 is normally performed, the process proceeds to the No side of step S1, and the error detection program 52a is repeatedly executed. Thus, it is monitored whether a communication error occurs.
If a communication error is detected (Yes in step S1), the process proceeds to step S2.
Note that the communication error detected in step S1 is assumed to have occurred at the detection time C _n in the n-th detection from the initial state, and at the start of the determination process, the data storage unit 53 of the main control unit 5 stores the communication error. The communication error detection count N (= n−1) before the start of the determination process and the detection time of the communication error detected before the determination process are stored.

(Steps S2 to S5)
In step S2, the detection time C _n is stored in the data storage unit 53 (an example of a storage unit).
In step S3, the communication error detection time C _n detected in step S1 is detected before the communication error, and the latest communication error stored in the data storage unit 53 is detected in advance from the detection time C _n−1 . It is determined whether or not a predetermined period D or more determined and stored in the system storage unit 52 has elapsed.
When the detection time C _n is a time when a predetermined period D or more has elapsed from the detection time C _n−1 (Yes side of step S3), the process proceeds to step S4.
When the detection time C _n is a time when the predetermined period D has not elapsed since the detection time C _n−1 (No side of Step S3), the process proceeds to Step S5 without going through Step S4.
In step S4, the main CPU 51 of the main control unit 5 initializes the detection count N stored in the data storage unit 53, that is, changes (n-1) to zero.
In step S5, the number of detections (n-1) stored in the data storage unit 53 or the number of detections 0 initialized in step S3 plus 1 (that is, n or 1) is used as the new number of detections N. The data is stored in the storage unit 53. That is, the detection count N stored in the data storage unit 53 is updated.

(Step S6)
In step S6, the main CPU 51 executes the error determination program 52b described above, thereby determining the cause of the detected communication error. That is, the number of detections N stored in the data storage unit 53 in step S5 is compared with a predetermined number of times T previously determined and stored in the system storage unit 52, and whether or not the number of detections N is less than the predetermined number of times T, It is determined whether the cause of the communication error is due to power being not supplied to the fixing unit 3b or due to an abnormality in the fixing unit 3b (sub CPU 71).
When the number of detections N is less than the specified number T (No in step S6), the process proceeds to step S7.
If the number of detections N is equal to or greater than the specified number T (Yes in step S6), the process proceeds to step S9.

(Steps S7, S8)
If it is determined in step S6 that the detection count N is less than the specified count T,
The main CPU 51 determines that the cause of the communication error is that power is not supplied to the fixing unit 3b, that is, that the second power supply line P2 is not connected. Then, the display unit 61 performs a display requesting the user to confirm connection of the second power supply line P2 and a display requesting the main power switch to be turned off / on.
If it is confirmed in step S8 that the main power switch is turned off / on by the user, the process is executed again from step S1.
If no communication error is detected in step S1, the serial communication between the main control unit 5 and the fixing control unit 7 has been restored to the normal state, and the process proceeds to the No side in step S1, and the error detection program 52a. Is repeatedly executed, it is monitored whether a communication error occurs.
If a communication error is detected, the processes in steps S2 to S5 are executed in the same manner as described above, and the cause of the communication error is determined again in step S6.
Note that the main power switch OFF / ON operation in steps S7 and S8 is performed to restart the main control unit 5, and is not necessarily limited to the main power switch OFF / ON operation. 6 may simply be an operation for canceling an error.

(Step S9)
If it is determined in step S6 that the number of detections N is greater than or equal to the specified number T, it is after the user has already requested the connection confirmation of the second power supply line P2, so the main CPU 51 determines the cause of the communication error as the fixing unit. It is determined that it is due to the abnormality 3b. Then, the display unit 61 performs a display for notifying the user of the abnormality of the fixing unit 3b, and the process ends.

According to the error determination process described above, first, when the number N of communication error detections is less than the specified number T, the user is prompted to confirm the connection of the second power supply line P2. Here, the prescribed number T is a numerical value such as 2 to 3 times. At this time, if the cause of the communication error is that power is not supplied from the second power supply line P2, it can be considered that the multifunction device X is quickly restored to a normal state. That is, under this condition, for example, if a display prompting confirmation of connection once or twice, for example, in many cases, the user will notice this and check whether the second power supply line P2 is disconnected. This is because the communication error is considered to be resolved at an early stage if the power supply is disconnected at the time. Then, when the communication error detection count N is equal to or greater than the specified count T, it is after the user has already requested the connection confirmation of the second power supply line P2, and the communication error is not resolved despite the request. , By determining that the cause of the communication error is due to the abnormality of the fixing unit 3b and notifying the user of the abnormality of the fixing unit 3b, the user can promptly respond to the abnormality such as contacting a service person. , The MFP X can be restored to a normal state at an early stage.
Further, since the error determination processing is performed by the main CPU 51 executing a program such as the error determination program 52b stored in the system storage unit 52, the voltage of the power supply line is detected to confirm the connection. There is no need to add a special member such as a connection detecting means, and the cost is not increased.

Also, when it is determined in step S3 that the detection time C _n is a time when a predetermined period D or more has elapsed from the detection time C _n−1 , the multifunction device X is once restored to a normal state and operating. The case where the second power supply line P2 is not confirmed in response to the request for confirming the connection of the second power supply line P2 from the display unit 61 made in step S7 can be considered. If the cause of the communication error that occurs in such a case is due to the fact that power is not supplied from the second power supply line P2, there is a possibility that accurate determination cannot be made. For this reason, the MFP X initializes the detection count N in step S4, so that even in such a case, whether the cause of the detected communication error is due to the fact that power is not supplied from the second power supply line P2, or fixing. It is possible to determine whether it is due to an abnormality in the unit 3b.

In the example of the communication error cause determination process described above, the number of detections N is initialized after a predetermined period D has elapsed since the last communication error was detected. Although the cause of the communication error is determined based on whether it is greater than or less than the predetermined number T stored in the system storage unit 52 in advance, the present invention is not limited to this.
For example, the number N ′ of communication error detections detected within a predetermined period D ′ in the past from the time when a communication error was detected is greater than or less than a predetermined number T ′ previously stored in the system storage unit 52. The cause of the communication error may be determined depending on whether it exists.

In the embodiment described above, the subordinate unit is the fixing unit 3b, the power supply line is the first power supply line P1 that supplies power to the main unit Y, and the second power supply line P2 that supplies power to the fixing unit 3b. However, it is not limited to this.
For example, the document reading unit 1 of the present embodiment may be a single subordinate unit, or a post-processing device that is connected to the multifunction machine X in the paper discharge unit 4 and performs punching, sorting, stapling, and the like as a subordinate unit. Also good.
A plurality of subordinate units may be provided, and a second power supply line that supplies power to each of the subordinate units may be provided for each subordinate unit. That is, a plurality of second power supply lines may be provided, and three or more power supply lines may be combined with the first power supply line.

X MFP (an example of an image forming device)
Y Main unit 3b Fixing unit (an example of a subordinate unit)
5 Main controller 51 Main CPU
52 System storage unit 52a Error detection program (an example of error detection means)
52b Error determination program (an example of determination means)
53 Data storage section (an example of storage means)
6 Operation display part 61 Display part (an example of a notification means)
7 Fixing control unit 71 Sub CPU
P1 First power line P2 Second power line

Claims (3)

Supplying a main apparatus unit comprising at least a main control unit for controlling the whole device, and one or more dependent unit operating in conjunction with the main control unit in communication with said main control unit, the power to the main device unit a first power supply line which is an image forming apparatus and a second power line for supplying power to said dependent unit,
Said main device unit, the main control unit and the and the error detecting means for detecting that a communication error in the communication with the slave unit has occurred, the error detection frequency of the communication error detected by the detection means and prestored unit determination means for determining the cause of the communication error by comparing the stored predetermined number of times, the determination result by the determination means and a notifying means for notifying to the user,
Wherein when the detection count is smaller than the predetermined number of times, with the determination hand stage determines to be due to not been power supply from the prior SL second power supply line causes the previous SL communication error, the notification means have rows notification requesting connection confirmation of the second power supply line to the user,
If the detection count is the prescribed number of times or more, the judging means with the judged to be due to abnormalities of the previous SL subordinate units the cause of the communication error, the notification unit notifies the anomaly of the slave unit to the user an image forming apparatus comprising and to Turkey. The storage unit, the error detection means by storing the detection time and the detection frequency of the detected the communication error, the time at which the communication error is detected by the pre-Symbol error detection means is stored in said storage unit and when has elapsed equal to or higher than the predetermined time period from the latest detection time, the main control unit of the image forming according to 請 Motomeko 1 that initializes the detection frequency of the communication error is stored in the storage unit apparatus. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the subordinate units is a fixing unit.

Images