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JP5297894B2 - Plant cover and agricultural house using the same - Google Patents

Plant cover and agricultural house using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP5297894B2
JP5297894B2 JP2009126365A JP2009126365A JP5297894B2 JP 5297894 B2 JP5297894 B2 JP 5297894B2 JP 2009126365 A JP2009126365 A JP 2009126365A JP 2009126365 A JP2009126365 A JP 2009126365A JP 5297894 B2 JP5297894 B2 JP 5297894B2
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cover
plant
transparent resin
fruit
glass
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JP2010273546A (en
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正紀 石渡
真 山田
広行 関井
達清 内田
友樹 白川
弘道 柴▲崎▼
宜典 唐沢
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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Description

本発明は、植物の果実を覆う植物用カバー及び、これを用いた農業用ハウスに関する。   The present invention relates to a plant cover that covers fruit of a plant and an agricultural house using the same.

農業用ハウス（以下、ハウスという）を覆う被覆材として、紫外線をカットするビニール又はガラス資材が使用される。このような被覆材が用いられるハウスは、ハウス内への害虫の侵入を抑制したり、害虫がハウス内でうまく飛行できなくしたり、植物に病害をもたらす灰色カビ病菌などの胞子発芽を抑制したりすることができる。しかし、ナスのような植物は、紫外線、特に、ＵＶ−Ａ領域にある紫外線（以下、ＵＶ−Ａという）が照射されることで紫に果実が着色するので、紫外線がカットされたハウス内では果実が着色しないために栽培できない。   As a covering material for covering an agricultural house (hereinafter referred to as a house), vinyl or glass material that cuts off ultraviolet rays is used. Houses using such a covering material suppress the invasion of pests into the house, prevent the pests from flying well in the house, and suppress the germination of spores such as gray mold fungi that cause plant diseases. can do. However, plants such as eggplants are colored in purple when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, particularly ultraviolet rays in the UV-A region (hereinafter referred to as UV-A). Cannot be grown because the fruit is not colored.

また、植物病害を防除する目的で、ＵＶ−Ｂ光源を持つ照明器具と、紫外線をカットする被覆材と、を有するハウスが知られている（例えば、引用文献１参照）。このハウスで育成される植物は、ＵＶ−Ｂ領域にある紫外線（以下、ＵＶ−Ｂという）が照射されることで、灰色カビ病菌などの菌糸の生長が抑えられるので病害にならない。しかし、果実は、成長によって草丈の高くなった植物と照明器具の間隔が近接し、照射されるＵＶ−Ｂの放射照度が強くなるとき、日焼けで色素が分解されて色抜けが生じる。特に、ナスの果実は、病害防除目的で葉などに照射されるＵＶ−Ｂの強度よりも弱い強度でＵＶ−Ｂが照射されても色抜けが生じる。   For the purpose of controlling plant diseases, a house having a lighting fixture having a UV-B light source and a covering material that cuts ultraviolet rays is known (see, for example, cited document 1). Plants grown in this house do not become a disease because the growth of mycelium such as gray mold fungus is suppressed by irradiation with ultraviolet rays (hereinafter referred to as UV-B) in the UV-B region. However, when the fruit grows close to the plant height and the lighting fixture is close to each other, and the irradiance of the irradiated UV-B becomes strong, the pigment is decomposed by sunburn and color loss occurs. In particular, eggplant fruit loses its color even when irradiated with UV-B at a lower intensity than the intensity of UV-B irradiated on leaves for disease control purposes.

また、ＵＶ−Ｂによる果実の着色の促進は、ＵＶ−ＢがＵＶ−Ａに比べて果実の着色を促す光強度幅が非常に狭いために、照射距離に応じた厳しい光強度制御を行なう必要がある。そのため、色抜けを防止するために単純にＵＶ−Ｂの光強度を弱めた場合、ＵＶ−Ｂの照射によって適度な果実の着色を得ることが難しい。   In addition, the promotion of fruit coloring by UV-B requires a strict light intensity control according to the irradiation distance because UV-B has a very narrow light intensity range for promoting fruit coloring compared to UV-A. There is. Therefore, when the UV-B light intensity is simply weakened to prevent color loss, it is difficult to obtain an appropriate fruit coloring by UV-B irradiation.

特開２００５−１２４５３４号公報JP 2005-124534 A

本発明は、上記問題を解決するためになされたものであり、紫外線がカットされてＵＶ−Ｂが照射されるハウス内で、ＵＶ−Ｂの照射による果実の色抜けの発生を防ぐことができると共に、果実を着色させることができる植物用カバーを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and can prevent the occurrence of color loss of fruits due to UV-B irradiation in a house where ultraviolet rays are cut and UV-B is irradiated. In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a cover for plants capable of coloring fruits.

上記目的を達成するために請求項１の発明は、透明樹脂又はガラスを備える植物用カバーであって、前記透明樹脂又はガラスは、波長変換成分の物質が添加又は塗布され、前記波長変換成分の物質は、ＵＶ−Ｂ領域にある紫外線をＵＶ−Ａ領域にある紫外線に波長変換するものである。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is a cover for a plant comprising a transparent resin or glass, wherein the transparent resin or glass is added or coated with a substance of a wavelength conversion component, and the wavelength conversion component The substance converts the wavelength of ultraviolet rays in the UV-B region into ultraviolet rays in the UV-A region.

請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の植物用カバーにおいて、植物を覆ったときに植物に面しない側の表面に、ＵＶ−Ｂ領域にある紫外線を透過させ、ＵＶ−Ａ領域にある紫外線を遮蔽するＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層が設けられるものである。   The invention according to claim 2 is the plant cover according to claim 1, wherein when the plant is covered, the ultraviolet ray in the UV-B region is transmitted through the surface on the side not facing the plant, and is in the UV-A region. A UV-A shielding layer that shields ultraviolet rays is provided.

請求項１の発明によれば、ＵＶ−ＢがＵＶ−Ａに変換されて果実に放射されるので、果実の色抜けの発生を防ぐことができると共に、ＵＶ−Ａが色素の生成を促して果実を着色させることができる。 According to the invention of claim 1, since UV-B is converted to UV-A and emitted to the fruit, the occurrence of color loss of the fruit can be prevented, and UV-A promotes the production of pigment. Fruits can be colored.

請求項２の発明によれば、ＵＶ−Ａを植物の果実以外の葉や茎などに放射しないように遮蔽するので、害虫の誘引を防止できると共に、灰色カビ病菌などの糸状菌の胞子発芽を防止できる。   According to the invention of claim 2, since UV-A is shielded from radiating to leaves and stems other than plant fruits, it is possible to prevent the pests from being attracted and to prevent germination of filamentous fungi such as gray mold fungi. Can be prevented.

本発明の一実施形態に係る植物用カバーで覆われた植物を育成するための農業用ハウスの外観図。The external view of the agricultural house for growing the plant covered with the cover for plants which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 同植物用カバーで覆われた植物とＵＶ−Ｂ照射光源を有する照明器具の側面図。The side view of the lighting fixture which has the plant covered with the cover for the plant, and a UV-B irradiation light source. 同植物用カバーによってＵＶ−ＢがＵＶ−Ａに変換される状態を示す側断面図。The sectional side view which shows the state in which UV-B is converted into UV-A by the cover for plants. 同植物用カバーの変形例で覆われた植物とＵＶ−Ｂ照射光源を有する照明器具の側面図。The side view of the lighting fixture which has the plant covered with the modification of the cover for plants, and a UV-B irradiation light source.

図１乃至図３は、本発明の一実施形態に係る植物用カバー１（以下、カバーという）が植物Ｐに使用されている状態を示す。図１に示されるように、農業用ハウス２（以下、ハウスという）は、畝３に配置される植物Ｐを覆うカバー１と、畝３を覆う被覆材４と、梁５から吊り下げられる複数の照明器具６と、を備える。ハウス２は、被覆材４によって太陽から照射される主に３２０〜３８０ｎｍ付近に発光のピークを有するＵＶ−Ａ領域の紫外線（以下、ＵＶ−Ａという）や、主に２８０〜３２０ｎｍ付近に発光のピークを有するＵＶ−Ｂ領域の紫外線（以下、ＵＶ−Ｂという）等を遮蔽すると共に、照明器具６によってＵＶ−Ｂを植物Ｐに照射する。   1 to 3 show a state where a plant cover 1 (hereinafter referred to as a cover) according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for a plant P. FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, an agricultural house 2 (hereinafter referred to as a house) includes a cover 1 covering a plant P arranged on a fence 3, a covering material 4 covering the fence 3, and a plurality of pieces suspended from a beam 5. The lighting fixture 6 is provided. The house 2 is irradiated with UV light from the sun by the covering material 4 and mainly emits UV-A region ultraviolet light (hereinafter referred to as UV-A) having a light emission peak in the vicinity of 320 to 380 nm, or light emission mainly in the vicinity of 280 to 320 nm. The UV-B region having a peak (hereinafter referred to as UV-B) and the like are shielded, and the plant P is irradiated with UV-B by the lighting fixture 6.

被覆材４は、植物Ｐが光合成や光形態形成などで必要とする４００〜８００ｎｍの波長領域の光を５０％以上透過するビニール又はガラス資材と、３８０ｎｍ以下の波長領域の紫外線を１０％以下しか透過しない紫外線カット材料（紫外線吸収剤）と、を有する。被覆材４は、可視光の透過率が高いので透明に見える。   The covering material 4 is a vinyl or glass material that transmits 50% or more of light in the wavelength region of 400 to 800 nm required by the plant P for photosynthesis or photomorphogenesis, and ultraviolet light in the wavelength region of 380 nm or less is 10% or less. And a UV-cutting material that does not transmit (UV absorber). Since the covering material 4 has a high visible light transmittance, it looks transparent.

図２に示されるように、照明器具６は、植物病害防除のためのＵＶ−Ｂを照射するＵＶ−Ｂ照射光源９（以下、光源という）と、光源９を保持するソケット１０と、ソケット１０が設置される筐体１１と、筐体１１の内部に設けられる電子部品１２と、を有する。電子部品１２は、光源９の発光を安定させるための安定器などである。また、照明器具６は、ハウス２内が季節によって極端に高温度、高湿度になることがあるので、防水構造となっている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the luminaire 6 includes a UV-B irradiation light source 9 (hereinafter referred to as a light source) that irradiates UV-B for plant disease control, a socket 10 that holds the light source 9, and a socket 10. Has a housing 11 and an electronic component 12 provided inside the housing 11. The electronic component 12 is a ballast or the like for stabilizing the light emission of the light source 9. The lighting fixture 6 has a waterproof structure because the house 2 may become extremely hot and humid depending on the season.

光源９は、例えば、キセノンランプ、蛍光灯、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）、有機ＥＬ、水銀灯やメタルハライドランプ等の高輝度放電灯（ＨＩＤ）等が挙げられる。   Examples of the light source 9 include a xenon lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), an organic EL, a high-intensity discharge lamp (HID) such as a mercury lamp and a metal halide lamp, and the like.

図３に示されるように、カバー１は、透明樹脂１３とＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４の２層の層状に構成され、袋状であって開口部７を有する。カバー１は、果実８を開口部７からその内部に取り込み、植物Ｐの枝に止金（図示せず）を巻き付けることで密閉される。照明器具６から照射されるＵＶ−Ｂは、カバー１が密閉されているので、果実８に照射されない。   As shown in FIG. 3, the cover 1 is configured in two layers of a transparent resin 13 and a UV-A shielding layer 14, has a bag shape, and has an opening 7. The cover 1 is sealed by taking the fruit 8 into the inside of the opening 7 and winding a clasp (not shown) around the branch of the plant P. UV-B irradiated from the lighting fixture 6 is not irradiated to the fruit 8 because the cover 1 is sealed.

透明樹脂１３は、紫外線の波長を変換する波長変換成分の物質を有する。透明樹脂１３の材料は、例えば、アクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネイト、ポリスチレン、ウレタン等が挙げられる。波長変換成分の物質は、ＵＶ−Ｂを、ＵＶ−Ｂより長波長であるＵＶ−Ａに変換する蛍光物質である。蛍光物質は、特定波長の光（励起光）を吸収することで励起された状態（励起状態）となり、励起状態から元の状態（基底状態）に戻る際に光（蛍光）としてエネルギーを放出する特性を有する。透明樹脂１３に含まれる波長変換成分の物質は、例えば、蛍光波長の発光ピークが３７０ｎｍ付近の蛍光物質であるＳＢＥ（ＳｒＢ４Ｏ７：Ｅｕ）が挙げられる。 The transparent resin 13 has a wavelength conversion component substance that converts the wavelength of ultraviolet rays. Examples of the material of the transparent resin 13 include acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polystyrene, urethane, and the like. The substance of the wavelength conversion component is a fluorescent substance that converts UV-B into UV-A having a longer wavelength than UV-B. The fluorescent material is excited by absorbing light (excitation light) of a specific wavelength, and emits energy as light (fluorescence) when returning from the excited state to the original state (ground state). Has characteristics. Examples of the wavelength conversion component substance contained in the transparent resin 13 include SBE (SrB 4 O 7 : Eu), which is a fluorescent substance having an emission peak at a fluorescence wavelength of around 370 nm.

ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４は、透明樹脂１３の外側の表面、すなわち、カバー１が果実８を覆ったとき、透明樹脂１３の果実８に面しない側の表面に設けられる。なお、カバー１は、透明樹脂１３とＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４以外の層を含んでもよく、例えば、表面を保護するために、カバー１の片面又は両面に透明な樹脂の層を設けてもよい。また、カバー１は、製造コスト低減のために、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４を含まない透明樹脂１３のみであってもよい。   The UV-A shielding layer 14 is provided on the outer surface of the transparent resin 13, that is, the surface of the transparent resin 13 that does not face the fruit 8 when the cover 1 covers the fruit 8. The cover 1 may include a layer other than the transparent resin 13 and the UV-A shielding layer 14. For example, a transparent resin layer may be provided on one side or both sides of the cover 1 to protect the surface. . Further, the cover 1 may be only the transparent resin 13 that does not include the UV-A shielding layer 14 in order to reduce the manufacturing cost.

カバー１は、透明樹脂１３から放射されるＵＶ−ＡをＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４が遮蔽することで、カバー１の外部にＵＶ−Ａを漏らさない。具体的には、白抜き矢印で示す光源９から照射されたＵＶ−Ｂは、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４をほぼ衰退することなく透過し、透明樹脂１３に到達したＵＶ−Ｂの光子が透明樹脂１３の波長変換成分の物質に吸収されることで、ＵＶ−Ａに変換される。ドット表示の矢印で示すＵＶ−Ｂから変換されたＵＶ−Ａは、果実８に放射されて吸収されるか又は、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４に放射されて吸収される。   The cover 1 prevents the UV-A from leaking outside the cover 1 by the UV-A shielding layer 14 shielding the UV-A emitted from the transparent resin 13. Specifically, the UV-B irradiated from the light source 9 indicated by the white arrow passes through the UV-A shielding layer 14 without substantially fading, and the UV-B photons reaching the transparent resin 13 are transparent resin. It is converted into UV-A by being absorbed by the substance of 13 wavelength conversion components. UV-A converted from UV-B indicated by a dot-displayed arrow is emitted to the fruit 8 and absorbed, or is emitted to the UV-A shielding layer 14 and absorbed.

カバー１は、紫外線がカットされてＵＶ−Ｂが照射されるハウス２内で、ＵＶ−ＢがＵＶ−Ａに変換されて果実８に放射されるので、果実８の色抜けの発生を防ぐことができると共に、ＵＶ−Ａが色素の生成を促して果実８を着色させることができる。また、カバー１は、ＵＶ−ＡがＵＶ−Ｂに比べて果実８の着色を促す光強度幅が非常に広いために、照射距離に応じた厳しい光強度制御を行なう必要がないので、容易に果実８の着色を促進させることができる。また、カバー１は、ＵＶ−Ａを植物Ｐの果実８以外の葉や茎などに放射しないように遮蔽するので、害虫の誘引を防止できると共に、灰色カビ病菌などの糸状菌の胞子発芽を防止できる。   The cover 1 prevents the occurrence of color loss of the fruit 8 because the UV-B is converted into UV-A and emitted to the fruit 8 in the house 2 where the ultraviolet rays are cut and irradiated with the UV-B. In addition, UV-A can promote the production of pigments and color the fruits 8. Further, since the cover 1 has a very wide light intensity range in which the UV-A promotes the coloring of the fruit 8 compared to the UV-B, it is not necessary to perform strict light intensity control according to the irradiation distance. Coloring of the fruit 8 can be promoted. In addition, the cover 1 shields UV-A from radiating to leaves and stems other than the fruits 8 of the plant P, so that it can prevent attracting insects and prevent germination of filamentous fungi such as gray mold fungi. it can.

植物Ｐは、一般的に農家が栽培している果実表層に赤色や紫色系などの色素を有する農作物が対象である。具体的には、トマト、ナス、赤ピーマン、イチゴ等の果菜類、紫レタス、シソ等の葉栽類、キク、バラ、トルコギキョウ、カーネーション、ケイトウ等の花き類等が挙げられる。また、植物Ｐは、ビニールハウス栽培、ガラス温室栽培のいずれで栽培されてもよい。畝３は、植物Ｐを栽培するための培地であり、露地畑によく見られるような形状の畝である。なお、畝３は、金属や木材で作られた栽培ベンチ上に盛られる土で形成された畝、栽培ベンチ上に置かれた鉢やプランタ等であってもよい。   The plant P is generally intended for crops having a pigment such as red or purple on the surface of fruits grown by farmers. Specific examples include fruits and vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, red pepper and strawberry, leafy plants such as purple lettuce and perilla, flowers such as chrysanthemum, rose, eustoma, carnation and cereal. Moreover, the plant P may be cultivated by either greenhouse cultivation or glass greenhouse cultivation. The cocoon 3 is a medium for cultivating the plant P, and is a cocoon having a shape that is often found in an open field field. Note that the cocoon 3 may be a cocoon formed of soil piled on a cultivation bench made of metal or wood, a pot or a planter placed on the cultivation bench.

次に、カバー１の作り方について説明する。植物Ｐが光合成や光形態形成などで必要とする４００〜８００ｎｍの波長範囲の光を５０％以上透過する透明な樹脂のペレットを用意し、そのペレットを溶融させながら波長変換成分の物質であるＳＢＥを混ぜて均等に攪拌し、厚さ１００μｍ以下のシート状に加工し、透明樹脂１３を作成する。透明樹脂１３は、別途作成されてシート状に加工されたＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４と圧着によって貼り合わされた後、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４が外側になるようにして袋状に加工される。なお、透明樹脂１３は、波長変換成分の物質を含んでいない透明な樹脂のシートを作成し、このシートの表面に塗料化した波長変換成分の物質を塗布することによって作成してもよい。   Next, how to make the cover 1 will be described. SBE, which is a wavelength conversion component substance, is prepared by preparing a transparent resin pellet that allows plant P to transmit light in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm required for photosynthesis or photomorphogenesis by 50% or more. Are mixed and stirred uniformly and processed into a sheet having a thickness of 100 μm or less to produce a transparent resin 13. The transparent resin 13 is bonded to the separately prepared UV-A shielding layer 14 processed into a sheet shape by pressure bonding, and then processed into a bag shape with the UV-A shielding layer 14 facing outside. The transparent resin 13 may be prepared by preparing a transparent resin sheet that does not contain a wavelength conversion component substance, and applying a coated wavelength conversion component substance on the surface of the sheet.

ここで、紫外線照射による植物病害防除の原理について説明する。ＵＶ−Ｂを植物に照射させることにより、以下のような原理に基いて病害防除がなされる。   Here, the principle of plant disease control by ultraviolet irradiation will be described. By irradiating plants with UV-B, disease control is performed based on the following principle.

植物病害防除の原理は、植物病害の基となる糸状菌に直接作用して菌糸の生長を抑制させて病気が広がらないようにすることである。糸状菌は、例えば、うどんこ病菌、灰色カビ病菌、炭そ病菌、ベト病菌、ススカビ病菌などである。葉焼けの防止のためにＵＶ−Ｂの紫外線強度が５０μＷ／ｃｍ２以下である紫外線を植物に照射させて、カビの発生を抑制することが知られている。また、本発明者による室内実験において、寒天培地に接種した灰色カビ病菌や炭そ病菌に、５〜５０μＷ／ｃｍ２のＵＶ−Ｂを照射することによって、その後の菌糸の生長が抑えられること（恒温庫で１週間培養しても菌のコロニーの大きさに変化なし）が確認されている。 The principle of plant disease control is to prevent the disease from spreading by directly acting on the filamentous fungus that is the basis of the plant disease to suppress the growth of the mycelium. The filamentous fungi are, for example, powdery mildew fungus, gray fungus fungus, anthracnose fungus, downy mildew fungus, Suscabie fungus and the like. In order to prevent leaf burning, it is known to suppress the generation of mold by irradiating plants with ultraviolet rays having an ultraviolet intensity of UV-B of 50 μW / cm 2 or less. Further, in laboratory experiments by the present inventor, the growth of subsequent mycelia can be suppressed by irradiating 5 to 50 μW / cm 2 of UV-B to gray mold or anthracnose fungi inoculated on the agar medium ( It has been confirmed that there is no change in the size of the bacterial colonies even if the cells are cultured for 1 week in a thermostatic chamber.

次に、上記のように構成されたカバー１の使用手順を説明する。   Next, a procedure for using the cover 1 configured as described above will be described.

手順１：ハウス２は、例えば、間口７ｍ、奥行き５０ｍ、高さ３．５ｍのビニールハウスであり、その内部に照明器具６が植物Ｐの上方に約５メートル間隔で天井の梁５からチェーンや紐などに吊るされて設置されている。各畝３に植わっている植物Ｐは、ナスである。照明器具６は、日中の太陽が十分に照射される時間帯、例えば、午前１０時頃から午後３時頃までの時間帯に、５〜５０μＷ／ｃｍ２程度の紫外線強度で植物Ｐに対して光照射を行う。 Procedure 1: The house 2 is, for example, a vinyl house with a frontage of 7 m, a depth of 50 m, and a height of 3.5 m, and a lighting fixture 6 is chained from the ceiling beam 5 above the plant P at intervals of about 5 meters. It is installed on a string. The plant P planted in each cocoon 3 is eggplant. The lighting fixture 6 is applied to the plant P with an ultraviolet intensity of about 5 to 50 μW / cm 2 in a time zone in which the sun during the day is sufficiently irradiated, for example, a time zone from about 10 am to about 3 pm Light irradiation.

手順２：植物Ｐの花が咲き終わり花弁が散った後に、花があった付近をカバー１で覆う。照明器具６から照射されるＵＶ−Ｂは、カバー１の透明樹脂１３によってＵＶ−Ａに変換され、透明樹脂１３からあらゆる方向へ放射される。果実８の表面に到達したＵＶ−Ａは、果実８の表面に吸収され、紫系色素であるアントシアニンの生成を果実８に促すので、果実８を着色させる。また、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４に到達したＵＶ−Ａは、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４に吸収され、カバー１の外部へ放射されない。   Procedure 2: After the flower of the plant P has blossomed and the petals have scattered, cover the area around the flower with the cover 1. UV-B irradiated from the luminaire 6 is converted into UV-A by the transparent resin 13 of the cover 1 and is emitted from the transparent resin 13 in all directions. The UV-A that has reached the surface of the fruit 8 is absorbed by the surface of the fruit 8 and prompts the fruit 8 to produce anthocyanins, which are purple pigments. Further, the UV-A that reaches the UV-A shielding layer 14 is absorbed by the UV-A shielding layer 14 and is not radiated to the outside of the cover 1.

次に、カバー１の変形例について図４を参照して説明する。変形例のカバー２１は、上記実施形態と異なり、透明樹脂１３とＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４の２層の層状ではなく、ガラス２２とＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４の２層の層状で構成され、形状が袋状ではなく板状である。カバー２１は、植物Ｐが、例えば、イチゴのような果実８の大きさが１つずつ袋を被せるには小さく、かつ、果実８のなる位置が地面近くである場合に用いられる。   Next, a modification of the cover 1 will be described with reference to FIG. Unlike the above-described embodiment, the cover 21 of the modified example is not formed of two layers of the transparent resin 13 and the UV-A shielding layer 14 but is formed of two layers of the glass 22 and the UV-A shielding layer 14. Is not a bag but a plate. The cover 21 is used when, for example, the plant P is small in size so that the fruits 8 such as strawberries can be covered one by one, and the position where the fruits 8 are located is near the ground.

カバー２１は、果実８の真上の位置で、かつ、カバー２１の真下に植物Ｐの葉や茎が来ない位置に配置される。また、植物Ｐの枝にクリップ（図示せず）で固定された紐２３によって吊り下げられ、カバー２１の面が水平となるようにして設置されることで、植物Ｐを覆う。そのため、カバー２１は、植物Ｐを覆う際に果実８を袋に１つずつ被せる必要がないので、容易に設置することができる。   The cover 21 is arranged at a position directly above the fruit 8 and at a position where the leaves and stems of the plant P do not come directly under the cover 21. In addition, the plant P is covered by being hung by a string 23 fixed to a branch of the plant P with a clip (not shown) and the surface of the cover 21 being horizontal. Therefore, since it is not necessary to cover the fruit 8 on the bag one by one when covering the plant P, the cover 21 can be easily installed.

カバー２１は、紫外線の波長を変換する波長変換成分の物質を有する。ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４は、カバー２１が植物Ｐを覆った状態のとき、ガラス２２の上側の表面、すなわち、ガラス２２の果実８に面しない側の表面に設けられる。なお、カバー２１は、ガラス２２とＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４以外の層を含んでもよく、例えば、表面を保護するために、カバー２１の片面又は両面にガラスの板材や透明な樹脂の層を設けてもよい。また、カバー２１は、製造コスト低減のために、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４を含まないガラス２２のみであってもよい。   The cover 21 has a wavelength conversion component that converts the wavelength of ultraviolet rays. When the cover 21 covers the plant P, the UV-A shielding layer 14 is provided on the upper surface of the glass 22, that is, the surface of the glass 22 that does not face the fruit 8. The cover 21 may include a layer other than the glass 22 and the UV-A shielding layer 14. For example, a glass plate material or a transparent resin layer is provided on one or both sides of the cover 21 in order to protect the surface. May be. Further, the cover 21 may be only the glass 22 not including the UV-A shielding layer 14 in order to reduce the manufacturing cost.

カバー２１は、ＵＶ−Ａを植物Ｐの果実８以外の葉や茎に放射しないように遮蔽するので、害虫の誘引を防止できると共に、灰色カビ病菌などの糸状菌の胞子発芽を防止できる。具体的には、光源９から照射されたＵＶ−Ｂは、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４をほぼ衰退することなく透過し、透明樹脂１３に到達したＵＶ−Ｂの光子が透明樹脂１３の波長変換成分の物質に吸収されることでＵＶ−Ａに変換される。そして、ＵＶ−Ｂから変換されたＵＶ−Ａは、ガラス２２から下側に放射されるとき、果実８又は畝３に吸収され、ガラス２２から上側に放射されるとき、ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４に吸収される。このようなカバー２１においても、上述のカバー１と同等の作用効果が得られる。   The cover 21 shields the UV-A from being emitted to the leaves and stems other than the fruit 8 of the plant P. Therefore, the cover 21 can prevent the pests from being attracted and can prevent the spore germination of filamentous fungi such as gray mold fungus. Specifically, the UV-B irradiated from the light source 9 passes through the UV-A shielding layer 14 with almost no deterioration, and the UV-B photons reaching the transparent resin 13 are converted into the wavelength conversion component of the transparent resin 13. It is converted into UV-A by being absorbed by this substance. And when UV-A converted from UV-B is radiated downward from the glass 22, it is absorbed by the fruit 8 or the straw 3, and when radiated upward from the glass 22, the UV-A shielding layer 14. To be absorbed. Also in such a cover 21, the same operation effect as the above-mentioned cover 1 is acquired.

次に、カバー２１の作り方について説明する。植物Ｐが光合成や光形態形成などで必要とする４００〜８００ｎｍの波長範囲の光を５０％以上透過する透明なガラス原料を用意し、そのガラス原料を溶融させながら波長変換成分の物質であるＳＢＥを混ぜて均等に攪拌し、厚さ２ｍｍ以下の板状に加工し、ガラス２２を作成する。ガラス２２は、別途作成されてシート状に加工されたＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層１４と接着材によって貼り合わされる。なお、ガラス２２は、波長変換成分の物質を含んでいない透明なガラスの板材を作成し、この板材の表面に塗料化した波長変換成分の物質を塗布することによって作成してもよい。   Next, how to make the cover 21 will be described. SBE, which is a wavelength conversion component substance, is prepared by preparing a transparent glass raw material that allows plant P to transmit 50% or more of light in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm required for photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. Are mixed and stirred uniformly, and processed into a plate shape having a thickness of 2 mm or less to produce a glass 22. The glass 22 is bonded to the UV-A shielding layer 14 separately produced and processed into a sheet by an adhesive. The glass 22 may be formed by preparing a transparent glass plate material that does not contain a wavelength conversion component substance, and applying a coated wavelength conversion component substance to the surface of the plate material.

なお、本発明は、上記の実施形態の構成に限られず、発明の要旨を変更しない範囲で種々の変形が可能である。例えば、上記実施形態では、透明樹脂を備えるカバーは、シート状から袋状に加工されたものを示したが、シート状のままのものであっても構わない。このシート状のカバーは、例えば、イチゴのような地面近くで果実がなる植物に使用され、果実の上に敷いて、カバーの端部をピンで地面に固定して設置することで植物を覆うことができる。   In addition, this invention is not restricted to the structure of said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible in the range which does not change the summary of invention. For example, in the said embodiment, although the cover provided with transparent resin showed what was processed from the sheet form to the bag shape, it may remain a sheet form. This sheet-like cover is used, for example, for plants that have fruits near the ground, such as strawberries, and lays on the fruits and covers the plants by fixing the ends of the cover to the ground with pins. be able to.

１、２１ カバー（植物用カバー）
２ ハウス（農業用ハウス）
９ 光源（ＵＶ−Ｂ照射光源）
１３ 透明樹脂
１４ ＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層
２２ ガラス 1,21 Cover (Plant cover)
2 House (Agricultural house)
9 Light source (UV-B irradiation light source)
13 Transparent resin 14 UV-A shielding layer 22 Glass

Claims (2)

透明樹脂又はガラスを備える植物用カバーであって、
前記透明樹脂又はガラスは、波長変換成分の物質が添加又は塗布され、
前記波長変換成分の物質は、ＵＶ−Ｂ領域にある紫外線をＵＶ−Ａ領域にある紫外線に波長変換するものであることを特徴とする植物用カバー。 A plant cover comprising a transparent resin or glass,
The transparent resin or glass is added or coated with a wavelength conversion component substance,
The plant cover according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength conversion component substance converts an ultraviolet ray in the UV-B region into an ultraviolet ray in the UV-A region. 植物を覆ったときに植物に面しない側の表面に、ＵＶ−Ｂ領域にある紫外線を透過させ、ＵＶ−Ａ領域にある紫外線を遮蔽するＵＶ−Ａ遮蔽層が設けられることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の植物用カバー。   A UV-A shielding layer that transmits ultraviolet rays in the UV-B region and shields ultraviolet rays in the UV-A region is provided on a surface that does not face the plant when the plant is covered. Item 1. The plant cover according to Item 1.
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