JP5121350B2 - Mobile crane - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a mobile crane that performs traveling and crane work by changing the direction of a cabin by 180 degrees between traveling and starting work.

  Conventionally, mobile cranes have a vehicle body that can be driven by wheels that are rotationally driven by an engine, a swivel that can be horizontally swiveled on the car body, and a crane that has a base that can be raised and lowered on the swivel. There is known a vehicle boom and a working / operating cabin attached to a swivel so as to be horizontally rotatable.

  In this mobile crane, the cabin is arranged on the side of the swivel and is turned around the center of rotation of the swivel. At the time of traveling, the boom is tilted backwards to substantially horizontal and the cabin is moved forward (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In addition, some conventional mobile cranes support the rear part of a cabin arranged on the side of a swivel, and turn the cabin around this axis to change the direction of the cabin (for example, Patent Document 2). reference).
Japanese Patent No. 2880300 Japanese Patent No. 2771027

  However, in the former mobile crane, when the direction of the cabin during travel is changed to the direction during work, the cabin 101 turns around the rotation center of the swivel base 102 as shown in FIG. The boom 100 located at the bottom must be raised and lowered, and since the cabin 101 at the time of raising and lowering faces forward, the operator must look back to see the raised boom 100. There was a problem that the up and down operation is dangerous. In particular, when the hook is stored with the wire from the frame of the boom base, when the boom is raised and lowered, it becomes difficult to see the hook from the cabin 101 facing forward. Is even more difficult and dangerous.

  Further, during the crane operation, depending on the turning position of the swivel base 102, the cabin 101 may protrude largely from the vehicle body 103 in the vehicle width direction as indicated by the chain line. In this case, the vehicle body 103 is not located under the door of the cabin 101. There was a problem that it was difficult to get on and off the cabin.

  Further, in the latter mobile crane, as shown in FIG. 22, when the cabin 111 is changed to the working direction, the cabin 111 does not protrude greatly from the vehicle body 113 in the vehicle width direction due to the turning of the swivel 112. However, there is a case where the vehicle body 113 does not exist under the door of the cabin 111. Further, it is necessary to provide doors on both sides of the cabin 111 so that the passenger can get on and off from the cabin 111 in the traveling direction and the cabin 111 in the working direction. For this reason, there existed problems, such as cost.

  The object of the present invention is to change the direction of the cabin during traveling to the direction during work, and it is not necessary to raise and lower the boom in the retracted state, and only one door is provided in the cabin. The object is to provide a mobile crane that can be safely loaded and unloaded.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a vehicle body that can be driven by wheels that are rotationally driven by an engine, a swivel that is mounted on the vehicle body so as to be able to turn horizontally, and a swivel that is mounted on the swivel so as to be able to undulate around a base. A telescopic crane work boom, and a work / operating cabin that is disposed laterally of the swivel base and is mounted on the swivel base so as to be able to swivel horizontally. It is a mobile crane that changes 180 degrees at the start of work and performs traveling and crane work,
A center of turning of the cabin is provided at the rear of the cabin and outside the center line of the cabin when traveling in the vehicle width direction;
The cabin is accommodated within the vehicle width of the vehicle body during traveling, and a door is provided only on one side of the cabin that is outside during traveling,
When the crane is operated, the cabin is horizontally turned 180 degrees from the traveling position around the turning center, and the cabin is protruded from the side of the vehicle body by a predetermined distance .

The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that a step for getting on and off is provided in a space formed between the cabin and a bracket for holding the base of the boom during crane work .

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the cabin is accommodated within the vehicle width of the vehicle body during traveling, and the cabin is protruded by a predetermined distance from the side of the vehicle body only by turning the cabin 180 degrees during crane operation. since it is obtained by the traveling time can be adapted to the standards of the vehicle traveling, by protrude cabin when working, the operator in the cabin easier to see the tip of the boom, having a high work safety It becomes. Moreover, since the door is provided only on one side of the cabin, a mobile crane can be provided that is less expensive than a cabin provided with two doors, and the space for auxiliary equipment in the cabin is sufficient. Can be secured.

According to the invention of claim 2, since the step for getting on and off is provided between the cabin and the frame of the base of the boom, it is possible to more safely get on and off at the time of crane work.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment which is the best mode of a mobile crane according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First embodiment]
1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a vehicle body of a mobile crane, 2 denotes a front wheel (front wheel) that supports a front portion of the vehicle body 1, 3 denotes a rear wheel (rear wheel) that supports a rear portion of the vehicle body 1, and 4 denotes a vehicle body. 1 is an engine hood on which an engine (not shown) attached to the rear part of 1 is mounted. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the engine hood 4 is disposed so as to straddle from the rear wheel 3 to the rear end.

  The engine is provided so that the front wheels 2 or the rear wheels 3 can be selectively driven via a transmission, a drive shaft, or the like (not shown), or the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3 can be driven simultaneously. The engine is also used as a power source for a hydraulic device used in a crane. Since these structures can employ known structures, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a swivel base 5 is disposed near the front side on the vehicle body 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the turntable 5 is mounted on the vehicle body 1 so as to be horizontally turnable about a horizontal turn center O1. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the horizontal turning center O1 of the turntable 5 is located on the front side (closer to the front wheel 2) than the center O2 between the front wheel 2 and the rear wheel 3, and is also shown in FIG. Thus, it is located at the approximate center in the vehicle width direction. The swivel base 5 is rotated by a power source of the hydraulic device. Since a well-known structure can be adopted for this configuration, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  Further, a boom support bracket 6 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is mounted on the swivel base 5. As shown in FIG. 5, the bracket 6 includes a bottom wall 6a fixed to the swivel base 5 with bolts or the like (not shown), and support walls 6b and 6c that stand from opposite side edges of the bottom wall 6a. . The bracket 6 has a U-shaped cross section formed from the bottom wall 6a and the support walls 6b and 6c. The bottom wall 6a has a center line in the width direction passing through the turning center O1 of the turntable 5, and the support walls 6b and 6c are inclined from one end side to the other end side of the bottom wall 6a.

  A base end portion (base portion) of the boom 7 is disposed between the support walls 6b and 6c as shown in FIGS. The boom 7 is provided with a plurality of rectangular tubular boom members 7a to 7e. These boom members 7a to 7e are sequentially fitted so as to be extendable and contractible. In addition, since a well-known structure can be used for expansion-contraction of the boom members 7a-7e, description is abbreviate | omitted about the detailed structure.

  In addition, the base end portion of the outermost boom member 7a is rotatably attached between the upper end portions of the support walls 6b and 6c via a support shaft (an undulation fulcrum shaft) 8. Thereby, the boom 7 is provided so that it can undulate around the support shaft 8. A hoisting cylinder 9 is interposed between the boom member 7a and the swivel 5 as shown in FIG. The boom 7 is raised and lowered by the expansion and contraction of the raising and lowering cylinder 9.

  A counterweight 10 is fixed to the upper ends of the support walls 6b and 6c. The counterweight 10 is formed slightly smaller than the vehicle width when viewed in plan as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the counterweight 10 has a left half winch mounting portion 10b and a right thin portion 10a (see FIG. 7). The thickness of the thin weight portion 10a in the vertical direction is formed to be approximately half the thickness of the winch mounting portion 10b.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the winch mounting portion 10b is formed with a recess 11 that opens upward and toward the support walls 6b and 6c. Winches 12 and 13 are attached to the recess 11. In addition, hooks 14 and 15 that are raised and lowered by winches 12 and 13 are provided at the tip of the boom 7.

  Further, the swivel base 5 is integrally provided with a cabin support member 16 positioned on the side of the bracket 6 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 (see FIG. 9). A cabin 17 for crane work / operation is attached to the distal end portion of the cabin support member 16 through a horizontal turning shaft 17a shown in FIG.

  The center position of the horizontal turning of the cabin 17, that is, the position O3 of the horizontal turning shaft 17a is offset to the outside by a predetermined distance from the center line of the cabin 17 with respect to the vehicle width direction, that is, to the right side (lower side in FIG. 1). Yes. The dimensions and mounting positions of the cabin 17 are set so that the cabin 17 is within the vehicle width of the vehicle body 1 at the position shown in FIG. A door 17 </ b> D is provided on the right side of the cabin 17.

  The cabin 17 can be horizontally rotated 180 ° by driving means (not shown) (for example, an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or a hydraulic cylinder). Since this driving means can adopt a known configuration, its description is omitted.

  Also, the bracket 6 is provided with a step 50 for getting on and off after the cabin support member 16 (left side in FIG. 1), and when the cabin 17 is rotated 180 degrees horizontally (see FIG. 13), the cabin 17 Step 50 is provided in a space formed between the bracket 6 and the bracket 6.

Further, outriggers 18 and 19 used at the time of crane work are provided at the front end portion and the rear end portion of the vehicle body 1 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Since the outriggers 18 and 19 can adopt a known configuration, detailed description thereof is omitted.
(During driving)
Prior to traveling, the hoisting cylinder 9 is contracted to cause the boom 7 to fall substantially horizontally toward the rear as shown in FIGS. Along with this, the hooks 14, 15 are brought into contact with and locked by the rotating brackets arranged at the distal end portion of the boom 7 by winding the wires 12 a, 13 a by the winches 12, 13. The hooks 14 and 15 may be locked by extending a hook locking auxiliary wire between the bracket 1 a provided at the lower rear end of the vehicle body 1 and the hooks 14 and 15. As for the storage of the boom 7, a boom support bracket may be provided on the vehicle body 1, and the boom 7 may be placed on the bracket and stored.

  Further, before traveling, the cabin 17 is directed forward as shown in FIGS.

  In such a travelable state, the cabin 17 is within the vehicle width of the vehicle body 1, and the position of the horizontal turning center O3 of the cabin 17 and the visibility of the left and right windows 17L and 17R of the cabin 17 are as follows. It has become.

  That is, in this state, as shown in FIG. 1, the horizontal turning center O3 of the cabin 17 is located in front of the turning center O1 of the turntable 5 and is located outside the cabin center line with respect to the vehicle width direction of the cabin 17. ing. At this position, as shown in FIG. 1, the thin weight portion 10 a of the counterweight 10 is positioned above the cabin 17. At this time, the winch mounting portion 10b of the counterweight 10 has the lower half located on the side of the upper end portion of the cabin 17 as shown in FIG. 6, but the window on the left side of the cabin 17 as shown in FIG. The side of 17L and the downward view are not obstructed. Further, the boom 7 and the counterweight 10 do not protrude toward the front side of the vehicle body 1 or the front side of the cabin 17.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the support walls 6b and 6c of the bracket 6 are also inclined forward so as not to obstruct the side and lower visibility of the left window 17L. Further, the position of the support shaft 8 that is the pivotal fulcrum (undulation fulcrum) of the boom 7 is located above the cabin 17. Further, the right side of the cabin 17 is in a state where there is no member that obstructs the field of view.

  Therefore, in such a state where the vehicle can travel, there is nothing in front of or in the side of the eye point P of the driver (not shown) in the cabin 17 that obstructs the field of view near the side of the vehicle body 1 and near the front. In this state, a driver (not shown) in the cabin 17 performs a traveling operation (driving operation) of the mobile crane, so that safety is further improved.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, when the boom 7 is tilted backward and the cabin 17 is directed frontward, the center of gravity of the upper swing body including the boom 7 and the cabin 17 is G1, Assuming that the center of gravity of the lower traveling body including the vehicle body 1 and the engine is G2, the total center of gravity G, which is the sum of the center of gravity G1, G2, is positioned substantially at the center between the front wheel 2 and the rear wheel 3 that support the vehicle body 1. An engine, a swivel base 5 and a cabin 17 are arranged.

By arranging in this way, the loads acting on the axles (not shown) of the front wheels 2 and the rear wheels 3 become substantially uniform, and the front-rear weight balance on the axles is improved.
(When working with crane)
Further, when the driver in the cabin 17 performs a crane operation, the cabin 17 is directed rearward as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 by driving means (not shown). That is, the cabin 17 is horizontally rotated 180 degrees from the traveling position shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 and moved to the positions shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.

  By setting the turning center of the cabin 17 to the right side (lower side in FIG. 1) and the rear side from the center line with respect to the cabin width direction, when the cabin 17 is directed rearward, the cabin 17 is attached to the bracket of the turntable 5. A predetermined distance away from (offset) from the vehicle body 6 protrudes from the side of the vehicle body 1 by a predetermined distance, and a predetermined space is secured between the cabin 17 and the bracket 6. And it will be in the state where step 50 was provided in this space.

  In this state, when the hoisting cylinder 9 is extended, the boom 7 is tilted upward about the support shaft 8 and the boom 7 is expanded and contracted. Further, the hook 14 or 15 is lowered by the winch 12 or 13, and a heavy object such as a building material is suspended from the hook 14 or 15. Thereafter, the hook 14 or 15 is raised, the swivel base 5 is horizontally turned, a heavy object such as building material is moved onto a target location, and the hook 14 or 15 is lowered, so that the building material or the like is lowered. Lower the heavy object to the target location.

  As described above, since a predetermined space is secured between the cabin 17 and the bracket 6 and the step 50 is provided in this space, the passenger can get on and off from the door 17D of the cabin 17. . Further, since the step 50 is attached to the bracket 6, there is always the step 50 on the door 17 </ b> D side of the cabin 17 regardless of the turning position of the turntable 5, and therefore, regardless of the turn position of the turntable 5. You can get on and off safely.

  Further, since the door 17D of the cabin 17 is located on the side facing the bracket 6, the vehicle body 1 can always be under the door 17D regardless of the turning position of the turntable 5. Therefore, it is possible to safely get on and off without step 50.

  Further, since the cabin 17 is separated from the bracket 6 of the swivel base 5 by a predetermined distance, an operator in the cabin 17 can easily see the tip of the boom 7 and work safety is high.

  Moreover, since it is possible to get on and off at the time of traveling and to get on and off at the time of crane work only by providing one door 17D in the cabin 17, it is possible to provide a mobile crane that is cheaper than that provided with two doors. Further, since only one door 17D is provided in the cabin 17, it is possible to secure a sufficient space for auxiliary equipment for crane operation and traveling operation provided in the cabin 17.

  Further, since the cabin 17 is provided on the cabin support member 16 so as to be able to turn, there is no need to raise and lower the stored boom 7 when the cabin 17 in the traveling position is turned 180 degrees horizontally. Further, since the cabin 17 is separated by a predetermined distance from the bracket 6 of the swivel base 5 only by turning 180 degrees horizontally, the cabin 17 protrudes from the side of the vehicle body 1 by a predetermined distance.

In the first embodiment, the cabin 17 is directly supported by the cabin support member 16. However, as shown in FIG. 11, an arm 21 is provided at the rear portion of the cabin 17, and the cabin support member 16 is interposed via the arm 21. It may be pivotally supported.
[ Reference example ]
15 and 16 conceptually show a mobile crane of a reference example . In this reference example , a flat cab support 60 is pivotally attached to the cabin support member 16, and the cabin 17 is placed on the cab support 60 so as to be movable in the vehicle width direction.

  The movement of the cabin 17 in the vehicle width direction is performed by links 62 and 63 provided on the back surface of the cab support 60 and a hydraulic cylinder 64 that rotates the link 62, as shown in FIGS. It is like that.

  One ends of the links 62 and 63 are pivotally supported by the cab support 60, and the shaft portions of the other ends of the links 62 and 63 are engaged with a long hole (not shown) provided in the bottom portion of the cabin 17. Then, the link 62 is rotated counterclockwise by the extension of the rod 64D of the hydraulic cylinder 64, and the cabin 17 is translated in the vehicle width direction.

In the mobile crane of this reference example , in order to horizontally turn the cabin 17 in the traveling position by 180 degrees, first, the cab support 60 is horizontally turned by 180 degrees as shown in FIGS. The cabin 17 on the support 60 is horizontally rotated by 180 degrees. Thereafter, the rod 64D of the hydraulic cylinder 64 is extended to move the cabin 17 in the vehicle width direction (downward in FIG. 18) as shown in FIG. 18, and the cabin 17 protrudes from the side of the vehicle body 1.

  Thereby, a predetermined space is ensured between the cabin 17 and the bracket 6, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

Further, according to this reference example , the cabin 17 at the time of work can be selected so as to protrude from the vehicle width as necessary. That is, when the cabin 17 is stored within the vehicle width of the vehicle body 1, it is possible to enter a narrow space by crane work or running in a narrow space. Further, when the cabin 17 is protruded, the operator in the cabin 17 can easily see the tip of the boom 7, and the safety of the work becomes high.

  Although the cab support 60 is turned by the hydraulic cylinder 64, the cab support 60 is not limited to this, and may be made by an electric motor or a hydraulic motor. Further, the parallel movement of the cabin 17 uses a link, but is not limited thereto, and may be performed using, for example, a guide rail.

Moreover, although the position of the cabin 17 is the right side of the vehicle body 1 in both the above embodiment and the reference example , it may be positioned on the left side.

It is a top view of a mobile crane. It is a right view of the mobile crane of FIG. It is a left view of the mobile crane of FIG. It is a schematic side view of the bracket attached to the swivel base of FIG. It is a top view of the bracket of FIG. It is a front view of the mobile crane of FIG. It is a rear view of the mobile crane of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the direction of the cabin at the time of the crane operation | work of the mobile crane of FIG. It is a top view at the time of the crane operation | work of the mobile crane of FIG. It is a schematic side view for demonstrating the weight balance of the mobile crane shown in FIGS. It is the top view which showed the mobile crane of 1st Example simply and conceptually. It is a side view of the mobile crane shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which showed the state which rotated the cabin 180 degree | times. It is a side view of the mobile crane shown in FIG. It is the top view which showed the mobile crane of the reference example simply and conceptually. It is a side view of the mobile crane shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which showed the link etc. for moving a cabin to a vehicle width direction. It is explanatory drawing which showed the motion of the link when moving a cabin to a vehicle width direction. It is explanatory drawing which showed the state which turned the cabin 180 degree | times and moved to the vehicle width direction. It is a side view of the mobile crane shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which showed the problem of the conventional mobile crane. It is explanatory drawing which showed the problem of the other conventional mobile crane.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Car body 2 ... Front wheel 3 ... Rear wheel 5 ... Turntable 7 ... Boom 17 ... Cabin

Claims (2)

A vehicle body that can be driven by wheels driven by an engine, a swivel mounted on the vehicle body so as to be able to turn horizontally, and a telescopic crane work that is mounted on the swivel base so that it can be raised and lowered around the base. A boom and a working / operating cabin that is arranged on the side of the swivel base and attached to the swivel base so as to be able to swivel horizontally. The direction of the cabin is 180 degrees when traveling and at the start of work. It is a mobile crane that changes and performs traveling and crane work,
A center of turning of the cabin is provided at the rear of the cabin and outside the center line of the cabin when traveling in the vehicle width direction;
The cabin is accommodated within the vehicle width of the vehicle body during traveling, and a door is provided only on one side of the cabin that is outside during traveling,
A mobile crane characterized in that , during a crane operation, the cabin is horizontally turned 180 degrees from the traveling position around the turning center so that the cabin protrudes from a side of the vehicle body by a predetermined distance. . The mobile crane according to claim 1, wherein a step for getting on and off is provided in a space formed between the cabin and a bracket for holding the base of the boom during crane work .

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