JP5117374B2 - Chk1阻害に有用なヘテロアリール尿素誘導体 - Google Patents
Chk1阻害に有用なヘテロアリール尿素誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5117374B2 JP5117374B2 JP2008504337A JP2008504337A JP5117374B2 JP 5117374 B2 JP5117374 B2 JP 5117374B2 JP 2008504337 A JP2008504337 A JP 2008504337A JP 2008504337 A JP2008504337 A JP 2008504337A JP 5117374 B2 JP5117374 B2 JP 5117374B2
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILXAOQAXSHVHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-].OCC(N)(CO)CO ILXAOQAXSHVHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBAQNCJUTMXJTK-SECBINFHSA-N tert-butyl (2r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-oxazepane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCCO[C@@H](CO)C1 WBAQNCJUTMXJTK-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBAQNCJUTMXJTK-VIFPVBQESA-N tert-butyl (2s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-oxazepane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCCO[C@H](CO)C1 WBAQNCJUTMXJTK-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- KECCCNNRVKAUBS-HNNXBMFYSA-N tert-butyl (2s)-2-(phenylmethoxymethyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCO[C@@H]1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 KECCCNNRVKAUBS-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OABHBSMQNIFVST-GFCCVEGCSA-N tert-butyl (3r)-3-[(2-amino-4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]morpholine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCOC[C@@H]1COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1N OABHBSMQNIFVST-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BECNJEFCPZLDCR-GFCCVEGCSA-N tert-butyl (3r)-3-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenoxy)methyl]morpholine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCOC[C@@H]1COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O BECNJEFCPZLDCR-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAXPYAGXWJDWSR-MRXNPFEDSA-N tert-butyl (3r)-3-[[4-chloro-2-[(5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbamoylamino]phenoxy]methyl]morpholine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CN=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC[C@@H]1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCOC1 QAXPYAGXWJDWSR-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZDMSKEPOXUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)thiomorpholine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCSC(CO)C1 AXZDMSKEPOXUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFMZQYSBINYTHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CN1CCN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC1CO ZFMZQYSBINYTHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOUFRTFWWBCVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2,4-dioxo-1H-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)n1c(=O)[nH]c2ccsc2c1=O UOUFRTFWWBCVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDDPITNKUXPLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl morpholine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCOCC1 JDDPITNKUXPLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQFILJKFZCVHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-[3-[(5-bromo-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)amino]propyl]carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCCCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC=C1Br FQFILJKFZCVHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJBGXXGNBBDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl oxazepane-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCON1 QTWJBGXXGNBBDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLFLRMATQYVKTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl oxazepane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCONC1 BLFLRMATQYVKTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWXPZXBSDSIRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCNCC1 CWXPZXBSDSIRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLQWRXYOTXRDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-2-amine Chemical class NC1=CC=CS1 GLQWRXYOTXRDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOJJQORBOZKLCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-2-ylurea Chemical class NC(=O)NC1=CC=CS1 YOJJQORBOZKLCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002992 thymic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000002341 thymus lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVMPZNRFXAKISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tirapazamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[N+]([O-])=NC(=N)N(O)C2=C1 QVMPZNRFXAKISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044693 topoisomerase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000016596 traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011277 treatment modality Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000029387 trophoblastic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005909 tumor killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046885 vaginal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003905 vulva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N wortmannin Natural products COCC1OC(=O)C2=COC(C3=O)=C2C1(C)C1=C3C2CCC(=O)C2(C)CC1OC(C)=O QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-QAIWCSMKSA-N wortmannin Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)C3=C(C4=O)OC=C3C(=O)O[C@@H]2COC)=C4[C@@H]2CCC(=O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@H]1OC(C)=O QDLHCMPXEPAAMD-QAIWCSMKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
- A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Description
合成方法
一般スキーム1
一般スキーム2
一般スキーム3
一般スキーム4
一般スキーム5
化合物の調製
以下の本発明の化合物は、前記の一般スキームを用いて調製した。さらなる本発明の化合物は、前記一般スキーム、及び以下の特異的合成を用い、出発物質の慎重な選択により調製できる。
化合物1
アミノマロノニトリルp−トルエンスルホン酸塩(20.0g、79mmol)及びピルブアルデヒド1−オキシム(6.88g、79mmol)をフラスコ内で合わせた。iPrOH(140mL)を添加し、得られた黄色スラリーを室温で18時間撹拌し、この間に黄色沈殿が蓄積した。混合液を濾過して、沈殿をiPrOH(2×50mL)及び脱イオン水(20mL)で洗浄し、その後凍結乾燥して2−アミノ−3−シアノ−5−メチルピラジンN−オキシド(10.7g)を得た。
2−アミノ−5−メチルピラジン(5.16g、47mmol)をCH2Cl2(52mL)に溶解させ、N2下に撹拌して、0℃になるまで冷却した。これに、ピリジン(4.8mL、59mmol)を添加し、次いでフェニルクロロホルメート(6.2mL、59mmol)を15分間かけて滴下して沈殿を形成させた。混合液を0℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、反応を0.25MのHCl(40mL)及び無水エーテル(50mL)でクエンチし、0℃で30分間撹拌した。沈殿を濾過によって単離して、脱イオン水(20mL)及びエーテル(2×25mL)で洗浄し、減圧下に乾燥させて白色綿毛状粉末として産物(7.4g)を得た。
250mLの丸底フラスコに、(S)−(+)−ベンジルグリシジルエーテル、(1.31g、7.9mmol)、3−ベンジルアミノ−プロパン−1−オール(1.3g、7.9mmol)及び10mLのEtOHを加えた。混合液を40℃に15時間加熱した。反応液を冷却して真空で濃縮し、得られた油状産物を、更に精製することなく使用した。ジオールを250mLの丸底フラスコに入れて、75mLの乾燥ピリジンに溶解させた。溶液を0℃に冷却し、トルエンスルホニルクロライド(5.27g、27.7mmol)を一分配にて添加した。混合液は、反応温度を注意深く0℃に保ちながら6時間撹拌した。冷反応を、50mLの飽和NaHCO3水溶液でクエンチした。更に20mLの水を加え、混合液はEtOAcを100mLずつ用いて3回抽出した。有機層を合わせてNa2SO4で乾燥し、真空で濃縮した。アルコールはその後、溶離液としてEtOAc及びヘキサンの25〜50%濃度勾配を用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。これにより、黄色オイルとして1.39gのトシルアルコールが得られた。
50mLの丸底に、オキサザパンアルコール(0.240g、1.03mmol)、TEA(0.21mL、1.545mmol)、及び10mLの乾燥CH2Cl2を添加した。溶液を0℃に冷却し、メタンスルホニルクロライド(0.10mL)を滴下した。混合液を0℃で1.5時間撹拌し、次いで水で完全にクエンチした。層を分離させ、水層を20mLのCH2Cl2で1回抽出した。有機層を合わせてNa2SO4で乾燥し、真空で濃縮した。次いで、粗製メシレートを5mLの乾燥DMFに溶解させた。この溶液に、Cs2CO3(0.671g、2.06mmol)及び4−クロロ−2−ニトロ−フェノール(0.215g、1.24mmol)を添加した。この淡黄色溶液はその後、終夜100℃に加熱した。反応液を室温まで冷却して、50mLの水でクエンチし、EtOAcを50mLずつ用いて3回抽出した。産物は、EtOAc/ヘキサンの10〜35%濃度勾配を用いてフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。この工程手順で、黄色オイルとして0.120gのニトロフェニルオキサザパンが得られた。
25mLの丸底で、5mLのMeOHにニトロフェニルオキサザパン(0.120g、0.31mmol)及びPt2O(0.007g、0.03mmol)を入れた。ヘリウムバルーンを取り付け、アスピレーターを用いてフラスコを排気して、H2を3回充填し、次いでH2下に2時間撹拌させた。反応液をセライトを通して濾過し、そのセライトパッドを、MeOHを20mLずつ用いて2回洗浄した。溶液は、真空で濃縮した。粗製アニリンを、5mLの乾燥DMFに溶解させた。この溶液に、TEA(0.005mL、0.34mmol)及び(5−メチルピラジン−2−イル)カルバミン酸フェニルエステル(0.07g、0.31mmol)を添加した。この混合液を、室温で18時間撹拌した。溶媒を減圧下に除去し、残渣を10mLのEtOAcに再溶解させて飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、減圧で濃縮した。灰色/褐色残渣を3mLのCH2Cl2で覆い、これに1mLの濃トリフルオロ酢酸を添加した。酸の添加で、固体はすべて溶解した。反応液を室温で4時間撹拌し、この時点で、溶液のpHが8に達するまで飽和NaHCO3水溶液を添加する。混合液は、CHCl3:iPrOHの3:1混合液を10mLずつ用いて3回抽出した。その後有機層を合わせてNa2SO4で乾燥し、減圧下に濃縮した。オフホワイト色の固体は、次いでEtOAc中で摩砕して、濾材フリットフィルターを通して濾過し、50mLのEtOAcで洗浄した。白色固体は、減圧下に完全に乾燥させた。この手順で、白色微粉末として0.020gの所望の尿素が得られた。1H−NMR (300 MHz, d6−DMSO) δ 10.83 (br s, 1H), 8.39 (dd, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H) 8.04 (br s, 1H), 6.99 (dd, 1H), 6.82 (d, 1H), 4.25−3.98 (m, 2H), 3.90−3.76 (m, 1H), 3.38 (d, 1H), 3.13−3.06 (m, 2H), 3.00 (dd, 1H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.06−1.89 (m, 3H).LCMS (ES, positive) m/e 392.3 (M+1).
化合物2
モルホリン−3−R−4−ジカルボン酸4−tert−ブチルエステル(1.00g、4.32mmol)の冷却した(0℃浴)乾燥THF(40mL)溶液に、ボラン(1MのTHF溶液、4.76mL、4.76mmol)を、窒素雰囲気下に15分間かけて滴下した。1時間撹拌した後、浴を除き、更に3時間、外界温度で撹拌を継続した。酢酸(14.3mLの1M水溶液、14.3mmol)を、その後添加した。1時間撹拌した後、溶液を過剰の水性飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムを添加して中和した。ジクロロメタン(20mL)を添加して、その溶液を15分間撹拌し、次いで層を分離させた。水層をCH2Cl2(3×20mL)で抽出し、有機層を合わせて乾燥(MgSO4)し、濾過した。濾過した溶液を濃縮して白色固体(0.46g)とした。
3−ヒドロキシメチル−S−モルホリン−4−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステル(0.13g、0.60mmol)及び5−クロロ−2−フルオロニトロベンゼン(0.11g、0.66mmol)の冷却した(−78℃浴)乾燥THF(40mL)撹拌溶液に、カリウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミド(2.4mLのTHF0.5M溶液、1.2mmol)を窒素雰囲気下に15分間かけて滴下した。更に15分間撹拌した後、水性飽和アンモニウムクロライド(10mL)を添加し、浴を除いて溶液を外界温度まで昇温させた。1時間撹拌した後、水(15mL)及びCH2Cl2(10mL)を添加し、5分間撹拌して層を分離させた。水層をCH2Cl2(2×10mL)で抽出し、有機層を合わせて乾燥(MgSO4)し、濾過した。濾過した溶液を濃縮して黄色オイル(0.26g)とし、これをヘキサン/EtOAc(1:1)で溶出させるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、淡黄色オイル(0.195g)を得た。
3−(4−クロロ−2−ニトロ−フェノキシメチル)−R−モルホリン−4−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステル(0.17g、0.46mmol)のMeOH(4mL)撹拌溶液に、Pt2O(0.020g、0.088mmol)を添加した。フラスコを排気し、次いでH2を3回繰り返して充填した。4時間撹拌した後、溶液をセライトのパッドで濾過して濾液を濃縮し、黄色オイルとして産物を得た。
黄色オイル及び(5−メチル−ピラジン−2−イル)−カルバミン酸フェニルエステル(0.13g、0.57mmol)の乾燥DMF(2mL)溶液を調製して、TEA(0.074mL、0.53mmol)を添加した。24時間撹拌した後、反応液を減圧下に濃縮し、次いで水(10mL)及びEtOAc(10mL)に再溶解させた。15分間撹拌した後、層を分離させて、水層をEtOAc(2×10mL)で抽出し、有機層を合わせて鹹水(10mL)で洗浄して、その後乾燥(Na2SO4)させて濾過した。濾過した溶液を濃縮し、その後EtOAc/CH2Cl2(1:1)で溶出させるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製して黄色オイル(0.8g)を得た。
3−{4−クロロ−2−[3−(5−メチル−ピラジン−2−イル)−ウレイド]−フェノキシメチル}−R−モルホリン−4−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステル(0.8g)のCH2Cl2(6mL)撹拌溶液にトリフルオロ酢酸(3mL)を添加した。5時間撹拌した後、溶液を炭酸カリウム水溶液(1M)で塩基性になるまで処理し、次いで30分間撹拌した。層を分離させて、水層をCH2Cl2(3×10mL)で抽出した。有機層を合わせて乾燥(MgSO4)して、濾過した。濾過した溶液を濃縮し、次いでMeOH/CH2Cl2(1:9)で溶出させるカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製して、黄白色固体(0.0523g)を得た。1H−NMR (300 MHz, d6−DMSO) δ 10.22 (s, 1H), 9.96 (br s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.04 (dd, 2H), 3..94 (m, 3H), 3.71 (br d, 1H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.23 (m, 2H), 3.34 (br m, 2H), 2.66 (br m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H).LRMS (es, positive) m/e 378.3 (M+1).
化合物3
4−メチル−2−ニトロ−フェノール(0.95g、6.20mmol)、(1,4−ジメチル−ピペラジン−2−イル)−MeOH(0.98g、6.82mmol)、及びトリフェニルホスフィン(1.79g、6.82mmol)をTHF中で合わせて5分間撹拌し、次いでDIAD(1.38g、6.82mmol)で処理した。反応液を終夜撹拌させた。減圧下濃縮により橙色オイルを得て、これをEtOAcに溶解させて2MのHCl水溶液で抽出した。水性洗浄液を合わせて、EtOAcで洗浄し、塩基性になるまで固体NaOHで処理した。得られた水性混合液をEtOAcで抽出し、有機抽出液を合わせてNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過して真空で濃縮し、褐色オイルを得た。フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(CH2Cl2中1%MeOH)により、1.0gの所望のアリールエーテルを得た。
1,4−ジメチル−2−(4−メチル−2−ニトロ−フェノキシメチル)−ピペラジン(1.02g、3.65mmol)をMeOH(75mL)に溶解させて、混合液が濁るまで飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液で処理した。亜鉛(0.24g、3.65mmol)を添加した。得られた暖かい反応混合液を更に30分間撹拌し、この時点で出発物質が消費されたことがLCMSにより示された。反応液をEtOAcで希釈して、水性Na2CO3と層を分離させた。有機層を飽和NaCl溶液で洗浄し、固体無水Na2SO4で乾燥させた。混合液を濾過して真空で濃縮し、所望のアニリンを得た。
5−メチル−ピラジン−2−カルボン酸(691mg、5mmol)をトルエン(15mL)中で撹拌し、TEA(765mL、5.5mmol)、次いでジフェニルホスホリルアジド(1.0mL、5.0mmol)で処理した。得られた溶液を30分間撹拌し、次いでそのまま使用した。
化合物4
500mLのフラスコで、(S)−ベンジルグリシジルエーテル(15g、91.4mmol)、MeOH(10mL)、及び50重量%のNaOH(30mL、365mmol)を合わせた。この混合液に、2−アミノエチルスルフェート(25.8g、183mmol)を複数分配で添加した。この不均一な混合液を40℃に加熱し、この時点で溶液は均一になる。温度を40℃に4時間維持した。反応液をわずかに冷却し、更に固体NaOH(14.6g、365mmol)を、50mLのトルエンと共に添加した。二相性溶液は、次いで65℃に12時間加熱した。反応液を室温に冷却して層を分離し、水層を75mLのトルエンで1回抽出した。有機層を合わせて、1MのHClを75mLずつ用いて3回洗浄した。合わせた水層のpHをpH12にNaOH水溶液で調整し、EtOAcを70mLずつ用いて4回抽出した。有機層を合わせてNa2SO4で乾燥し、真空で濃縮して、不透明なオイルとして10.084gの所望のモルホリンを得た。
3,4−ジクロロフェノール(3.053g、18.7mmol)の50mLのCH2Cl2溶液を入れた250mLの丸底フラスコを、氷浴中で0℃に冷却した。撹拌した溶液に、濃H2SO4(1.56mL、28.1mmol)を添加した。溶液は濁った。この混合液に濃HNO3(1.2mL、18.7mmol)を滴下し、温度は5℃より下に注意深く保った。反応液を0℃で30分間撹拌し、その後氷浴で冷却して、150mLのH2Oでクエンチした。層を分離させて、水層を35mLのCH2Cl2で1回抽出した。有機層を合わせて無水Na2SO4で乾燥し、減圧下に濃縮して、フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(溶離液として10%EtOAc/ヘキサン)を用いて精製し、明黄色固体(1.793g)として所望のニトロフェノールを得た。
化合物1、工程4及び5に対する手順に従い、4,5−ジクロロ−2−ニトロ−フェノール及び(S)−2−ベンジルオキシメチル−モルホリン−4−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステルを用いて調製した。1H−NMR (300 MHz, d6−DMSO) δ 10.42 (s, 1H), 10.29 (s, 1H), 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 4.18−3.41 (m, 5H), 3.03−2.66 (m, 4H), 2.38 (s, 3H) LRMS (ES, positive) m/e 412.2 (M+1).
化合物 5
ピラジン−2−イルアミン(6.66g、70mmol)のCH2Cl2(200mL)溶液を0℃に冷却して、N−ブロモスクシンアミド(12.5g、70mmol)で処理し、室温まで昇温させた。得られた反応混合液を終夜撹拌し、その後追加のCH2Cl2(200mL)で希釈して、10%のNa2CO3水溶液で洗浄した。層を分離させ、有機層を飽和NaCl水溶液で洗浄し、次いで無水MgSO4で乾燥して濾過し、減圧下に濃縮させた。残渣をEtOAc(50mL)中に溶かして、ヘキサン(300mL)の添加により産物を沈殿させた。沈殿を減圧下に乾燥させて、5.57gの黄褐色固体を得た。
5−ブロモ−ピラジン−2−イルアミンを、DMF(15mL)中、ヨウ化銅(I)(1.3g、6.9mmol)、シアン化カリウム(0.44g、6.8mmol)、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)(0.95g、0.83mmol)、及び18−クラウン−6(0.058g、0.22mmol)と合わせた。得られた混合液を40分間撹拌し、その後還流温度(155℃)で2時間加熱した。反応液を室温まで冷却し、次いで終夜静置した。沈殿を濾過によって分離し、濾液は真空にて乾燥するまで濃縮した。橙色の残渣をEtOAc及びヘキサンに溶解し、初期沈殿が形成され、その後、濾過によって分離した。静置すると、母液中にさらなる沈殿が形成され、これを濾過により収集した。固体を集めて、0.10gの明橙色固体を得た。
2−(2−アミノ−4−メチル−フェノキシメチル)−モルホリン−4−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステル(0.087g、0.270mmol)は、2−アミノ−4−メチル−フェノールから、化合物3、工程1及び2の方法に従い、2−ヒドロキシメチル−モルホリン−4−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステル(化合物2、工程1に対する手順に従い、対応する酸を用いて調製)及び4−メチル−2−ニトロ−フェノールを用いて調製した。これをトリホスゲン(0.029g、0.10mmol)、トルエン(2mL)及びヒューニッヒ塩基(0.15mL、0.86mmol)と合わせて、室温で25分間撹拌した。次いで懸濁液を、THF(1mL)中に5−アミノ−ピラジン−2−カルボニトリル(0.032g、0.27mmol)、及びリチウムビス(トリメチルシリル)アミド(0.27mmol)を含有し、−78℃で30分間撹拌しておいた冷溶液(−78℃)に、カニューレを通して移した。反応液は昇温させ、次いで室温で16時間撹拌した。沈殿が形成され、これを濾過により収集して所望の産物(0.043g)を得た。
THF(2mL)中、2−{2−[3−(5−シアノ−ピラジン−2−イル)−ウレイド]−4−メチル−フェノキシメチル}−モルホリン−4−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステル(0.043g、0.0918mmol)のスラリーを、ジオキサン中HCl(4M、0.11mL)で処理して、20時間撹拌した。さらなるジオキサン中HCl(4M、0.25mL)を追加して、この反応液を50℃に18時間加熱した。反応液は冷却して濃縮した。得られた固体をエーテル中に懸濁させ、その懸濁液を濾過して風乾し、HCl塩(0.042g)として所望の産物を得た。
1−(5−シアノ−ピラジン−2−イル)−3−[5−メチル−2−(モルホリン−2−イルメトキシ)−フェニル]−尿素塩酸塩(0.0104g、0.129mmol)のMeOH(1mL)溶液を0℃に冷却し、ホルムアルデヒド(0.12mmol)の水溶液、次にナトリウムトリアセトキシホウ化水素(0.06g、0.292mmol)で処理した。反応液を12時間撹拌し、次いで真空にて濃縮した。残渣をシリカのクロマトグラフィーにかけ(CH2Cl2中2%MeOH)、白色固体(0.014g)として産物を得た。1H−NMR (400 MHz, d6−DMSO) δ 10.90 (s, 1, H), 10 (br s, 1, H), 8.9 (s, 1, H), 8.8 (s, 1, H), 8 (s, 1, H), 6.9 (m, 1, H), 6.8 (m, 1, H), 3.9 (m, 4, H), 3.6 (t, 1, H), 2.9 (d, 1, H), 2.7 (d, 1, H), 2.2 (s, 3, H), 2.1 (s, 3, H), 2 (t, 1, H), 1.8 (t, 1, H).LRMS (esi, positive) m/e 383.40 (M+1).
化合物6
3−ベンジルアミノ−プロパン−1−オール(14g、88.0mmol)及びエピクロロヒドリン(81.4g、880mmol)の溶液を40℃に加熱した。3時間撹拌した後、反応液を冷却して、過剰のエピクロロヒドリンを真空にて蒸発させることにより除去した。硫酸(10mL)をゆっくりと添加し、その後反応フラスコを150℃の予加熱油浴に入れた。撹拌を1時間行い、次いで反応液を室温まで冷まして、氷を加えてクエンチした。混合液は、10%Na2CO3水溶液で塩基性のpHに調整し、EtOAc(3×300mL)で抽出した。有機層を合わせて無水MgSO4で乾燥して濾過し、減圧下に乾燥させた。得られた残渣をフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(70:28:2 ヘキサン/CH2Cl2/2M水性NH4OH)により精製して、5gの淡黄色オイルを得た。
4−ブロモ−2−ニトロ−フェノール(1.39g、8.0mmol)のDMSO(30mL)撹拌溶液に炭酸カリウム(2.76g、20.0mmol)、次いで3−ベンジル−2−クロロメチル−[1,3]−オキサゼパンを添加した。反応液を60℃で12時間撹拌し、次いで室温まで冷まして、EtOAc(200mL)及び10%Na2CO3水溶液(200mL)で希釈した。層を分離し、有機層を鹹水で洗浄して無水MgSO4で乾燥し、真空にて濃縮した。粗製産物をフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(70:30のヘキサン/EtOAc)により精製して、480mgの淡橙色オイルを得た。
2−(4−クロロ−2−ニトロ−フェノキシメチル)−[1,3]−オキサゼパン−3−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステル(0.252g、0.65mmol)から、化合物3、ステップ2の手順に従って、透明油として150mgの産物を得た。
2−(2−アミノ−4−ブロモ−フェノキシメチル)−[1,3]オキサゼパン−3−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステルから、化合物2、ステップ4及び化合物5、ステップ4の手順に従って、0.175gの産物を得た。1H−NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), δ 8.65 (br s, 1, H), 8.3 (s, 1, H), 8.25 (s, 1, H), 6.98 (dd, 1, H), 6.8 (d, 1, H), 4.08 (m, 3, H), 3.8 (m, 1, H), 3.35 (s, 1, H), 3.25 (d, 1, H), 3 (m, 3, H), 2.5 (s, 3, H), 1.98 (m, 2, H).LRMS (esi, positive) m/e 391.90 (M+1).
化合物 7
3−ヒドロキシメチル−4−メチル−ピペラジン−1−カルボン酸tert−ブチルエステルを用いる化合物3の手順、及び化合物5、ステップ4に従って、調製した。1H−NMR (400 MHz, d6−DMSO) δ 10.24 (br s, 1, H), 10.1 (s, 1, H), 9.7 (br s, 1, H), 9.42 (s, 1, H), 9.12 (s, 1, H), 8.2 (s, 1, H), 8.08 (s, 1, H), 6.91 (d, 1, H), 6.82 (d, 1, H), 4.6 (d, 1, H), 4.4 (m, 1, H), 4.1 (m, 1, H), 3.6 (m, 6, H), 3 (s, 3, H), 2.4 (s, 3, H), 2.2 (s, 3, H).LRMS (esi, positive) m/e 371.40 (M+1).
化合物8
化合物5、ステップ1〜4の手順に従い、4−メチル−2−ニトロ−フェノールを用いて調製した。1H−NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD), δ 8.80 (s, 1, H), 8.7 (s, 1, H), 7.9 (s, 1, H), 6.8 (m, 2, H), 4.2 (m, 4, H), 3.8 (m, 1, H), 3.6 (m, 1, H), 3.5 (m, 1, H), 3.2 (m, 2, H), 2.3 (s, 3, H).LRMS (esi, positive) m/e 369.30 (M+1).
化合物 9
化合物10
化合物11
化合物12
化合物13
化合物 14
化合物 15
化合物16
化合物17
化合物18
化合物20
化合物21
化合物22
化合物23
化合物25
化合物26
化合物27
化合物28
化合物29
化合物30
化合物31
化合物32
化合物33
1−[5−クロロ−2−(S−モルホリン−2−イルメトキシ)−フェニル]−3−(5−メチル−ピラジン−2−イル)−尿素(0.189g、0.5mmol)をDMF(2mL)中に懸濁した。カルボン酸カリウム(0.104g、0.75mmol)及びブロモアセトニトリル(0.035mL、0.5mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を80℃で8時間加熱した。反応混合物を室温まで冷却させ、H2O(10mL)の添加によって奪活させた。得られた個体をろ過して回収し、メタノールから再結晶させることで、白色粉末(0.072g)として産物を得た。1H−NMR (400 MHz, d6−DMSO) δ 10.46 (br s, 1H), 10.26 (br s, 1H), 8.63 (br s, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 7.03 (dd, 1H), 4.14 (dd, 1H), 4.09 (dd, 1H), 3.96−4.01 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.95 (m, 1H). 3.81 (d, 1H), 3.72 (d, 1H), 3.64 (td, 1H), 2.95 (br d, 1H), 2.72 (br d, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.32 (td, 1H), 2.18 (t, 1H).LRMS (esi, positive) m/e 417 (M+1).
化合物34
化合物35
化合物36
化合物37
化合物38
化合物41
化合物42
化合物43
治療方法
Chk1インヒビタのIC50値の定量
1998年9月4日出願の国際出願公開第WO 99/11795号に以前報告したように、ヒトChk1cDNAを同定してクローニングした。FLAG(登録商標)タグを全長のChk1のアミノ末端と枠内に挿入した。5’プライマーは、EcoRI部位、Kozak配列を含み、M2抗体(Sigma、St. Louis、MO)を用いた親和性による精製のためのFLAG(登録商標)タグもコードする。3’プライマーは、SalI部位を含む。PCRで増幅した断片を、EcoRI−SalI断片(Invitrogen、Carlsbad、CA)としてpCI−Neoにクローニングし、次いでEcoRI−NotI断片としてpFastBacI(Gibco−BRL、Bethesda、MD)にサブクローニングした。組換えバキュロウイルスを、Gibco−BRLのBac−to−Bacマニュアルに記載の通りに調製し、FLAG(登録商標)タグ付Chk1タンパク質の発現のため、CCM3培地(HyClone Laboratories、Logan、UT)で生育するSf−9細胞を感染させるのに用いた。
選択性
比較酵素としてChk1、並びにコンパレータ酵素として以下のプロテインキナーゼ:Cdc2、Chk2、CTAK、EphA1、EphA2、Erk1、FGFR1、FGFR4、IR、JNK1、c−キット、p38alpha、p38beta、p38delta、Ros、Rse、Rsk2、TrkA、TrkB、プロテインキナーゼA、プロテインキナーゼC、pp60v−src、プロテインキナーゼB/Akt−1、p38MapK、p70S6K、カルシウムカルモジュリン依存性キナーゼII、及びab1チロシンキナーゼを用い、本発明のChk1インヒビタを選択性について試験した。
Chk1インヒビタのECTFS値の定量のための、細胞を基礎にしたアッセイ
本発明に係るChk1インヒビタの、細胞に基づく作用強度を、その化合物がゲムシタビンに対してHT29ヒト癌腫細胞系を増感させる能力を測定することによって評価した。平均ECTFS値は、複数の実験によって求めた。このように、本発明に係るChk1インヒビタは、本明細書に記載の方法により合成した。化合物を10mMの原液濃度で100%ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に溶解させて、−70℃で保存した。HT29細胞はATCCから入手し、10%胎児ウシ血清(FCS)、pen/strep、グルタミン及び他の補充物質を含有するRPMIからなる生育培地で維持した。ゲムシタビン塩酸塩はQventasから入手し、50mMのリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)に溶解させて、−20℃で保存した。3H−チミジンは、Perkin−Elmerから入手した。
本発明のChk1インヒビタは、癌治療による細胞の死滅を強化する
本発明の化合物によるChk1の阻害がDNA損傷因子による死滅効果に対して標的細胞を増感することを立証するために、細胞を本発明のChk1インヒビタの存在下にインキュベートし、放射線又は化学的DNA損傷因子の何れかに曝すことができる。96ウェルのミクロタイタープレートにウェル当たり1000〜2000の密度で播種した細胞を、10%FBS、100U/mLペニシリン及び100μg/mLストレプトマイシンを含有するRMPI1640で、5%CO2を含む加湿したインキュベーターの中で37℃にて18時間生育する。被検細胞としては、HeLa、ACHN、786−0、HCT116、HCT15、SW620、HT29、Colo205、SK−MEL−5、SK−MEL−28、A549、H322、OVCAR−3、SK−OV−3、MDA−MB−231、MCF−7、PC−3、HL−60、K562、Bx−PC3、Mia−PaCa2、H810、H226、H2126、及びMOLT4といった目的のあらゆる細胞又は細胞系が挙げられる。すべての細胞系の表記は、以下のヒト細胞系を示す。
動物モデルでのChk1インヒビタ活性を測定するための高感度アッセイ
齧歯類腫瘍モデルにおけるChk1インヒビタ活性を測定する、以下の高感度アッセイを開発した。詳細には、このアッセイはとりわけ、Chk1インヒビタがChk1機能を阻止する能力を腫瘍モデルで測定し、分子標的へのChk1インヒビタの接近を円滑にする条件の評価を可能にするのに使用できる。
選択的Chk1インヒビタは、DNA損傷で誘発されたG2及びS期チェックポイントを抑止する。
以前の研究により、選択的Chk1インヒビタは、DNA損傷で誘発されたG2/M及びS期チェックポイントを実質的に抑止することが立証されている。前者では、DNA損傷はイオン化放射線(IR)によって誘発され、その標的期はG2期である。後者では、DNA損傷は標的期がS期である化学療法薬によって誘発される。公開された米国特許出願公開第2003/0069284号明細書参照、この文献を本明細書で引用する。
異種移植片腫瘍モデルで、Chk1活性化因子の存在下、Chk1インヒビタは腫瘍によって取り込まれる。
異種移植片腫瘍モデルで、ヌードマウスの横腹にHT29結腸癌腫腫瘍を移植し、200mm3まで成長させる。その後マウスは、媒体、300mg/kgChk1インヒビタ、20mg/kgゲムシタビンのいずれかで処理するか、又は300mg/kgChk1インヒビタと20mg/kgゲムシタビンとを2回、3日間あけて1日目と4日目に一緒に投与する。腫瘍担持マウスのChk1インヒビタとゲムシタビンとの共投与による処理の結果、ゲムシタビン単独に比較して腫瘍の成長に4日の遅延が引き起こされる。
Chk1インヒビタ及びゲムシタビンで処理した腫瘍の用量応答
ゲムシタビン処理後のChk1インヒビタの有効用量と、用量依存性のチェックポイント抑止が抗腫瘍活性と呼応しているかどうかを調べるために、用量応答実験を実施する。
作用因子がChk1活性化因子であるかどうかを調べるアッセイ
作用因子がChk1活性化因子であるかどうかを調べるために、Chk1の特異的リン酸化部位に対するホスホ特異抗体を用いてChk1のリン酸化状態を測定できる。セリン317及び345は、イオン化放射線、紫外放射線、ヒドロキシ尿素、N−メチル−N’−ニトロ−N−ニトロソグアニジン(MNNG)、テモゾラマイド及びゲムシタビンで細胞を処理した後にリン酸化されることが示されている(Liu et al., Genes Dev. 14:1448−1459, 2000; Zhao et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 21:4129−4139, 2001; Lopez−Girona et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:11289−11294, 2001; Guo et al., Genes Dev. 14:2745−2756, 2000; Gatei et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278:14806−14811, 2003; Ng et al., J Biol Chem)。これらセリン部位は、上流のチェックポイントキナーゼ、Atm及びAtrによってリン酸化される(Liu et al., Genes Dev. 14:1448−1459, 2000; Zhao et al. Mol. Cell Biol., 21:4129−4139, 2001)。
Chk1インヒビタに応答するChk1活性をモニターするためのアッセイ
セリン296でのChk1のリン酸化が、ゲムシタビンでの腫瘍細胞の処理によって刺激され、この部位でのリン酸化はChk1インヒビタによって阻害されることが見出されている。この部位でのリン酸化は、Atm及びAtrを阻害するワートマニンによって阻害されない。従って、セリン296のリン酸化は、セリン317及び345でのリン酸化と異なっている。更に、この部位は、精製されたChk1調製物でリン酸化されることが見出されており、精製酵素が、それ自体又は他のChk1分子をセリン296でリン酸化できることを示唆している。まとめると、これらのデータは、セリン296でのリン酸化はChk1自体によって行われることを示唆している。従って、このアプローチを使用して、Chk1活性化因子に応答する、腫瘍でのChk1活性をモニターできる。更に、このアプローチを使用して、Chk1インヒビタによるChk1活性化の阻害を測定できる。
動物腫瘍モデル
マウスにおけるDNA損傷因子による腫瘍の死滅を本発明のChk1インヒビタが強化する能力を試験するために、結腸腫瘍細胞系を用いる異種移植片腫瘍モデルを確立する。5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)又はゲムシタビンを、DNA損傷因子として使用できる。HT29及びColo205(ヒト結腸癌腫)並びにH460及びCalu−6(非小細胞癌腫)細胞を使用して、6〜8週齢の雌性胸腺Balb/c(nu/nu)マウスで異種移植片腫瘍を増殖できる。マウスは、層状空気流キャビネットで無病原体条件下に保持し、適宜無菌食餌及び水を与えた。5%CO2加湿環境において、10%FBS、100U/mLペニシリン、100μg/mLストレプトマイシン、及び1.5mML−グルタミンを補充したRPMI1640培地で細胞系を亜集密にまで生育する。単一種細胞懸濁液をCMF−PBSで調製し、細胞濃度は1×108細胞/mLに調整する。合計1x107細胞(100μL)を、マウスの右横腹又は右足の皮下(s.c.)に接種する。マウスを4処置群に無作為化し(5〜15匹のマウス/群)、腫瘍が75〜100cm3の体積に達したら(通常、接種後7〜11日)使用する。腫瘍を副尺付きカリパスで計測して、経験的に導き出した式:腫瘍体積(cm3)=腫瘍長さ(cm)×腫瘍幅(cm)×腫瘍深さ(cm)/3.3を用いて腫瘍体積を概算する。処置は、以下の工程からなる:i)ゲムシタビンを160mg/kgで100μL腹腔内(i.p)注射。腫瘍成長の遅延は、ゲムシタビンで処理したマウスで観察される。Chk1インヒビタの経口投与と組み合わせた160mg/kgゲムシタビンとの両者でのマウスの処理は、腫瘍体積を低減して寿命を延ばすことが予想される。腫瘍サイズは、実験期間中、隔日にモニターする。明らかに、上記した通り、本発明の多くの修正及び変形を本発明の技術的思想及び技術的範囲内でなすことができるため、その制限は特許請求の範囲によって規定されるものだけによるべきである。
Claims (1)
- 1−[5−ブロモ−4−メチル−2−S−(モルホリン−2−イルメトキシ)−フェニル]−3−(5−メチル−ピラジン−2−イル)−尿素である化合物またはその薬学的に許容できる塩。
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