JP5102294B2 - 1−(β−D−グリコピラノシル)−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4−ハロゲノインドール誘導体およびそのSGLT阻害剤としての使用 - Google Patents
1−(β−D−グリコピラノシル)−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4−ハロゲノインドール誘導体およびそのSGLT阻害剤としての使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5102294B2 JP5102294B2 JP2009521499A JP2009521499A JP5102294B2 JP 5102294 B2 JP5102294 B2 JP 5102294B2 JP 2009521499 A JP2009521499 A JP 2009521499A JP 2009521499 A JP2009521499 A JP 2009521499A JP 5102294 B2 JP5102294 B2 JP 5102294B2
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- acid
- glucopyranosyl
- indole
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044601 receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000018 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000030558 renal glucose absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002461 renin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940086526 renin-inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002354 repaglinide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940121377 sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004059 squalene synthase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002385 streptomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091008762 thyroid hormone receptors ß Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ticlopidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1CN1CC(C=CS2)=C2CC1 PHWBOXQYWZNQIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005001 ticlopidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229960003425 tirofiban Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COKMIXFXJJXBQG-NRFANRHFSA-N tirofiban Chemical compound C1=CC(C[C@H](NS(=O)(=O)CCCC)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OCCCCC1CCNCC1 COKMIXFXJJXBQG-NRFANRHFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)silicon Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)C(C)C ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940062627 tribasic potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940001496 tribasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocerium;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
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- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
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- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Description
インドール部分としては、4−フルオロインドール(すなわち、R1がフッ素でR2が水素である)、4−クロロインドール(すなわち、R1が塩素でR2が水素である)、または4,6−ジフルオロインドール(すなわち、R1およびR2が共にフッ素である)が好ましい。
4−クロロ−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、
3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、
4−クロロ−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−6−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、および
3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4、6−ジフルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、
またはその薬理的に許容し得る塩から選択される。
本発明の化合物はまた、副作用面および/または実用化面で好ましい特性を示す。
(式中、R3は、ヒドロキシ基の保護基であり、他の記号は前記と同義である)
の化合物を脱保護し、続いて、所望により、得られた化合物をその薬理的に許容しうる塩に変換することにより製造することができる。
式(IV)の化合物は、ビルスマイヤー試薬またはα,α−ジクロロメチルメチルエーテル/四塩化チタンを用いて、式(V)の化合物をホルミル化することにより製造することができる。
式(III)の化合物は、式(IV)の化合物を、ArLi、ArMgBr、ArZnBr、Ar(Me)2LiZnまたはArB(OH)2(式中、Arは下式
である)と、カップリングさせることにより製造することができる。
式(II)の化合物は、式(III)の化合物を還元することにより製造することができる。
式(VIII)の化合物は、式(V)の化合物とR4−C6H4−COCl(ここで、R4は上で定義されたと同義である)を縮合させることにより製造することができる。
式(VII)の化合物は、式(VIII)の化合物を還元することにより製造することができる。
式(VI)の化合物は、式(VII)の化合物を還元することにより製造することができる。
化合物(II)は、式(VI)の化合物をシクロプロピル−B(OH)2とカップリングさせることにより製造することができる。
に準じて製造することができる。
式(XI)の化合物は、式(XII)の化合物をD−グルコースと縮合させることにより製造することができる。縮合反応は、典型的には、アセトニトリル、水およびアルコール(例えば、メタノール、エチルアルコールおよび1−プロパノール)等の好適な溶媒中、塩化アンモニウムおよび酢酸等の触媒と共にまたはそれなしで、室温または高温で行われる。
式(IX)の化合物は、式(XI)の化合物を酸化することにより製造することができる。酸化反応は、典型的には、エーテル(例えば、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフランおよび1,4−ジオキサン)、ハロゲノアルカン(例えば、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルムおよび1,2−ジクロロエタン)、水およびこれらの溶媒の混合物等の好適な溶媒中、室温または低温で、酸化剤、例えばパラジウム/炭素、テトラクロロ−1,4−ベンゾキノン(クロラニル)、2,3−ジクロロ−5,6−ジシアノ−1,4−ベンゾキノン(DDQ)またはエチレンビス(サリチルイミン)コバルト(II)塩の存在下に行うことができる。
式(V)の化合物は、式(IX)の化合物のヒドロキシ基を保護することにより製造することができる。ヒドロキシ基の保護基は、ヒドロキシ基の保護基として慣用されているものから選択することができる。ヒドロキシ基の保護基の例として、アルカノイル基(例えば、アセチル)、アリールアルキル基(例えば、ベンジル、トリルおよびアニシル)、アルキルシリル基(例えば、トリメチルシリル、t−ブチルジメチルシリルおよびトリエチルシリル)が挙げられる。保護は、当業者に周知の慣用の方法により行うことができる。保護基およびそれらの使用の一般的な記述については、T.W. Greeneら、"Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999を参照されたい。
式(X)の化合物は、工程3に準じて、化合物(XI)のヒドロキシ基を保護することにより製造することができる。
式(V)の化合物は、また、工程2に準じて、化合物(X)を酸化することにより製造することができる。
式(XV)の化合物は、式(XVI)の化合物を環化することにより製造することができる。環化反応は、この技術分野で周知のフィッシャーインドール合成に従って行うことができる(Chem. Rev., 63, 373, 1963参照)。この反応は、典型的には、アルコール(例えば、メタノールおよびエチルアルコール)および炭化水素(例えば、トルエン、ニトロベンゼン)等の好適な溶媒中で、または無溶媒で、ルイス酸(例えば、塩化亜鉛)、無機酸(例えば、塩酸およびポリリン酸)および有機酸(例えば、酢酸およびトリフルオロ酢酸)等の酸を用いて、高温で行う。
式(XIV)の化合物は、式(XV)の化合物を加水分解することにより製造することができる。加水分解反応は、典型的には、水、アルコール(例えば、メタノールおよびエチルアルコール)およびエーテル(例えば、ジオキサンおよびテトラヒドロフラン)等の好適な溶媒中で、アルカリ金属水酸化物(例えば、水酸化リチウム、水酸化カリウムおよび水酸化ナトリウム)等の塩基を用いて、低温、室温または高温で行うことができる。
式(XIII)の化合物は、式(XIV)の化合物を脱炭酸することにより製造することができる。脱炭酸は、典型的には、キノリン等の好適な溶媒中で、銅等の触媒と共に、高温で行うことができる。
式(XII)の化合物は、式(XIII)の化合物を還元することにより製造することができる。還元反応は、典型的には、アセトニトリル、ハロゲノアルカン(例えば、ジクロロメタンおよびジクロロエタン)およびエーテル(例えば、ジエチルエーテルおよびテトラヒドロフラン)等の好適な溶媒中、トリフルオロ酢酸、三フッ化ホウ素・ジエチルエーテル錯体等のルイス酸を包含する酸の存在下に、トリエチルシラン、水素化ホウ素亜鉛等の還元剤を用いて、室温または高温で行うことができる。
の化合物をCH3COCO2R5(式中、R5は上で定義されたとおりである)と縮合させることにより製造することができる。縮合反応は、典型的には、アセトニトリル、水およびアルコール(例えば、メタノール、エチルアルコールおよび1−プロパノール)等の好適な溶媒中、塩基(例えば、酢酸ナトリウムおよび酢酸カリウム)、酸(例えば、塩酸および酢酸)と共にまたはそれなしで、室温または高温で行われる。
の化合物を亜硝酸ナトリウムと、塩酸等の酸の存在下に、水およびアルコール(例えば、メタノールおよびエチルアルコール)等の好適な溶媒中、室温または低温で反応させて対応するアリールジアゾニウム塩を得、次いで(2)アリールジアゾニウム塩をCH3COCH(CH3)CO2R5(式中、R5は上で定義されたとおりである)と、酢酸ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基の存在下に、水およびアルコール(例えば、メタノールおよびエチルアルコール)等の好適な溶媒中、低温または室温で縮合させることにより製造することができる。
3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール
(1)4−フルオロインドリン(185 mg)、D−グルコース(267 mg)及びH2O(0.74 ml)−エタノール(9 ml)の混合物をアルゴン雰囲気下24時間還流した。溶媒を減圧下留去して粗体の4−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドリンを得た。この化合物はさらに精製せずに次の工程に用いた。
(2)上記化合物をクロロホルム(8 ml)に懸濁し、そこにピリジン(0.873 ml)、無水酢酸(1.02 ml)及び4−(ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン(触媒量)を順次加えた。室温で21時間攪拌後、反応溶媒を減圧下留去した。残渣を酢酸エチルに溶解し、溶液を10%硫酸銅(II)水溶液で2回、ついで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=90:10−60:40)で精製して、4−フルオロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドリン(365 mg)を無色のアモルファスとして得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 468(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 1.93 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 2.83 (ddd, J = 15.5, 10.5 and 10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.99 - 3.05 (m, 1H), 3.49 - 3.57 (m, 2H), 3.95 - 3.99 (m, 1H), 4.07 - 4.11 (m, 2H), 4.95 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (t, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05 - 7.10 (m, 1H).
(3)上記化合物(348 mg)を1,4−ジオキサン(14 ml)に溶解し、そこに2,3−ジクロロ−5,6−ジシアノ−1,4−ベンゾキノン(306 mg)を加えた。室温で33時間攪拌したのち、そこに飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(20 ml)を加え、有機溶媒を減圧下留去した。残渣を酢酸エチルで2回抽出し、合わせた有機層をブラインで洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、活性炭で処理した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=90:10−60:40)で精製し、さらにエチルアルコールから再結晶して、4−フルオロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール(313 mg)を無色の結晶として得た。融点:132−135℃. APCI−Mass m/Z 483(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 4.10 (ABX, J = 12.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (ABX, J = 12.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (ddd, J = 10.0, 5.2 and 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (t, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.61 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J = 10.8, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (td, J = 8.1, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H).
(4)上記化合物(3.50 g)およびN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(3.49 ml)を1,2−ジクロロエタン(70 ml)に溶解し、そこにオキシ塩化リン(III)(2.10 ml)を加えた。混合物を70℃で1時間攪拌し、そこに水(100 ml)を0℃で加えた。得られた混合物を酢酸エチル(200 ml)で2回抽出し、合わせた有機層をブライン(40 ml)で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=90:10−50:50)で精製し、さらにエチルアルコール(20 ml)から再結晶して、4−フルオロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)−インドール−3−カルボキシアルデヒド(2.93g)を無色の結晶として得た。融点:190−192℃. APCI−Mass m/Z 511(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 4.12 (A part of ABX, J = 12.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (B part of ABX, J = 12.4, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (ddd, J = 10.0, 5.5 and 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (t, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.66 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 10.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (td, J = 8.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 10.0 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H).
(5)マグネシウム屑(664 mg)および1,2−ジブロモエタン(1滴)のテトラヒドロフラン(40 ml)混合物に、1−ブロモ−4−シクロプロピルベンゼン(WO 96/07657参照)(5.21 g)のテトラヒドロフラン(12 ml)溶液を激しく攪拌しながら25分かけて滴下し、混合物を室温で30分間激しく攪拌した。次いで、得られた混合物を上記4−フルオロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール−3−カルボキシアルデヒド(4.35 g)のテトラヒドロフラン(130 ml)溶液に、アルゴン雰囲気下、−78℃で15分間かけて滴下した。混合物を同温で30分間攪拌した後、そこに飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液(200 ml)を加えた。得られた混合物を酢酸エチル(150 ml)で2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去して、粗体の4−シクロプロピルフェニル 4−フルオロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール−3−イル メタノールを得た。この化合物はさらに精製することなく次の工程に用いた。
(6)上記化合物とトリエチルシラン(2.11 ml)のジクロロメタン(44 ml)−アセトニトリル(87 ml)攪拌溶液に、三フッ化ホウ素・ジエチルエーテル錯塩(1.34 ml)を、アルゴン雰囲気下、0℃で加えた。混合物を同温で20分間攪拌し、そこに飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(200 ml)を加えた。有機溶媒を減圧下留去し、残渣を酢酸エチル(150 ml)で2回抽出した。硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後、不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=90:10−50:50)で精製し、エチルアルコール(40 ml)で粉末化して、3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4−フルオロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール(4.71 g)を無色の結晶として得た。融点:190−192℃. APCI−Mass m/Z 613(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 0.60 (ddd, J = 6.6, 4.7 and 4.3 Hz, 2H), 0.88 (ddd, J = 8.3, 6.3 and 4.0 Hz, 2H), 1.63 (s, 3H), 1.81 - 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 4.09 (A part of ABX, J = 12.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (B part of ABX, J = 12.3, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (ddd, J = 10.0, 5.3 and 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.49 - 5.56 (m, 2H), 6.15 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J = 11.0, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (td, J = 8.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H).
(7)上記化合物(4.67 g)をメタノール(47 ml)−テトラヒドロフラン(93 ml)に溶解し、そこにナトリウムメトキシド(28%メタノール溶液、1滴)を加えた。室温で1時間攪拌後、反応溶媒を減圧下留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム:メタノール=99:1−90:10)で精製して、標記化合物である3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール(3.23 g)を無色の泡状物として得た。この泡状物をエチルアルコール−H2Oで結晶化して、標記化合物の半水和物を無色の結晶として得た。融点:110−112℃。APCI−Mass m/Z 445(M+NH4), 428(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 0.60 (m, 2H), 0.88 (ddd, J = 8.3, 6.3 and 4.1 Hz, 2H), 1.82 - 1.87 (m, 1H), 3.23 (td, J = 9.0, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (td, J = 8.9, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.42 - 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.63 - 3.68 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 5.37 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J = 11.1, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (td, J = 8.1, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H). Anal. Calcd. for C24H26FNO5・0.5H2O: C, 66.04; H, 6.23; F, 4.35; N, 3.21. Found: C, 65.62; H, 6.27; F, 4.32; N, 3.11.
(1)4−クロロインドリン(2.88 g)とD−グルコース(3.38 g)のエチルアルコール(150 ml)−H2O(10 ml)混合物をアルゴン雰囲気下で一晩還流した。溶媒を減圧下留去し、残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム:メタノール=100:0−88:12)で精製して、4−クロロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドリン(3.35 g)を無色の泡状物として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 316/318(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.87 - 3.02 (m, 2H), 3.07 - 3.12 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.32 (m, 2H), 3.38 - 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.51 - 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.68 - 3.73 (m, 1H), 4.34 - 4.37 (m, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H).
(2)上記化合物(3.3 g)を1,4−ジオキサン(150 ml)に溶かし、そこに2,3−ジクロロ−5,6−ジシアノ−1,4−ベンゾキノン(2.85 g)を加えた。混合物を室温で12時間攪拌した。反応混合物に飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(300 ml)を加え、混合物を酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。合わせた有機層を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム:メタノール=100:0−86:14)で精製して、4−クロロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール(2.01 g)を淡褐色の結晶として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 314/316(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 3.24 - 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.68 - 3.74 (m, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 7.11 - 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.57 - 7.58 (m, 2H).
(3)上記化合物(2.01 g)をジクロロメタン(100 ml)に懸濁し、そこに無水酢酸(4.24 ml)とN,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(7.8 ml)および4−(ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン(78 mg)を順次加えた。室温で30分間攪拌後、混合物をクエン酸水溶液、水および飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で順次洗浄した。有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をジエチルエーテル−ヘキサンから結晶化して4−クロロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール(2.94 g)を無色の結晶として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 499/501(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 4.08 - 4.16 (m, 2H), 4.28 - 4.32 (m, 1H), 5.26(t, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.62 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.23 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H).
(4)上記化合物を実施例1−(4)と同様に処理して、4−クロロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール−3−カルボキシアルデヒドを無色の粉末として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 527/529(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 4.09 - 4.19 (m, 2H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 5.34 (t, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 - 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H), 10.51 (s, 1H).
(5)上記化合物と1−ブロモ−4−シクロプロピルベンゼン(WO 96/07657参照)を実施例1−(5)と同様に処理して、粗体の4−クロロ−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール−3−イル 4−シクロプロピルフェニル メタノールを得た。この化合物をさらに精製せずに次の工程に使用した。
(6)上記化合物を実施例1−(6)と同様に処理して、4−クロロ−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−1−(2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドールを無色の固体として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 629/631(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 0.58 - 0.62 (m, 2H), 0.88 - 0.92 (m, 2H), 1.65 (s, 3H), 1.82 - 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 4.07 - 4.13 (m, 2H), 4.15 (ABq, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (ABq, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 5.24 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 5.55 (t, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H).
(7)上記化合物を実施例1−(7)と同様に処理して、標記化合物の4−クロロ−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドールを無色の粉末として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 444/446(M+H), 461/463(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 0.59 - 0.62 (m, 2H), 0.87 - 0.92 (m, 2H), 1.82 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.48 (m, 4H), 3.60 - 3.70 (m, 2H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H).
3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4,6−ジフルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール
題記化合物を、4,6−ジフルオロインドリンから、実施例1と同様にして、無色の泡状物として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 463(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 0.58 - 0.62 (m, 2H), 0.88 - 0.91 (m, 2H), 1.82 - 1.88 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.59 - 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J = 10.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H).
4−クロロ−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−6−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール
題記化合物を、4−クロロ−6−フルオロインドリンから、実施例1と同様にして、無色の泡状物として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 479/481(M+NH4)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 0.59 - 0.62 (m, 2H), 0.88 - 0.91 (m, 2H), 1.83 - 1.87 (m, 1H), 3.21 - 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.57 - 3.63 (m, 1H), 3.65 - 3.71 (m, 1H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.38 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (dd, J = 9.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J = 10.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H).
水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(560 mg)のジエチルエーテル(6 ml)攪拌懸濁液に塩化亜鉛(1.0 Mジエチルエーテル溶液、7.4 ml)を滴下した。混合物をアルゴン雰囲気下室温で1日攪拌した。得られた混合物に4−フルオロインドール(500 mg)のジエチルエーテル(5 ml)溶液を加えた。アルゴン雰囲気下、室温で12日間攪拌した後、そこに冷0.5N塩酸(30 ml)を0℃で加えた。その後、混合物を冷2N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を0℃で用いて塩基性とし、酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=100:0−80:20)で精製して、標記化合物(351 mg)を淡黄色の油状物として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 138(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.93 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.78 (br-s, 1H), 6.24 - 6.31 (m, 2H), 6.87 - 6.94 (m, 1H).
4−クロロインドール(3.15 g)およびトリエチルシラン(8.30 ml)のトリフルオロ酢酸(32 ml)溶液を50℃で30分間攪拌した。溶媒を減圧下留去し、残渣を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を用いて塩基性とした。混合物を酢酸エチルで2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=100:0−80:20)で精製して、標記化合物(2.89 g)を無色の油状物として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 154/156(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.94 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.83 (s, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H).
(1)3,5−ジフルオロフェニルヒドラジン塩酸塩(5.0 g)およびピルビン酸エチル(4.6 ml)のエチルアルコール(25 ml)混合物を1時間還流し、溶媒を減圧下留去した。残留固体をヘキサンで粉末化して、2−(3,5−ジフルオロフェニルヒドラジノ)プロピオン酸エチル(4.65g)を無色の粉末として得た。融点:139−141℃.APCI−Mass m/Z 243(M+H)。
(2)上記化合物(4.65 g)のトルエン(47 ml)懸濁液にポリリン酸(23 g)を加え、混合物をアルゴン雰囲気下、3時間還流した。室温に冷却後、そこに水と酢酸エチルを加え、得られた混合物を室温で攪拌した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を分離した。水層を酢酸エチルで抽出し、合わせた有機層を水、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液およびブラインで順次洗浄した。硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、活性炭で処理した後、不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残留固体をジイソプロピルエーテル−ヘキサン(1:1)で粉末化して4,6−ジフルオロインドール−2−カルボン酸エチル(3.48 g)を淡黄色の結晶として得た。融点:153−154℃. ESI−Mass m/Z 224(M−H)。
(3)上記化合物(3.48 g)、4N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(7.73 ml)及びエチルアルコール(35 ml)の混合物を15分間還流し、有機溶媒を減圧下留去した。そこに水を加え、混合物をエチルエーテルで洗浄した後、6N塩酸で酸性化した。得られた混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、有機層をブラインで洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、活性炭で処理した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去して、粗体の4,6−ジフルオロインドール−2−カルボン酸(3.01 g)を淡褐色の固体として得た。融点:253−254℃(分解). ESI−Mass m/Z 196(M−H)。
(4)上記化合物(3.0 g)および銅粉末(2.9 g)のキノリン(30 ml)混合物をアルゴン雰囲気下、200℃で5時間攪拌した。室温に冷却後、不溶物を濾去し、酢酸エチル(100 ml)で洗浄した。濾液を6N塩酸で2回、次いでブラインで洗浄した。各水層を酢酸エチルで抽出し、合わせた有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、活性炭で処理した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=10:1−6:1)で精製して、4,6−ジフルオロインドール(2.60 g)を淡黄色の油状物として得た。ESI−Mass m/Z 152(M−H)。
(5)上記化合物(2.33 g)を1,4−ジオキサン(30.4 ml)に溶解し、そこにボラン・モルホリン錯塩(6.15 g)と36%塩酸(2.64 ml)を室温で加えた。混合物を2時間還流し、次いで室温に冷却した。そこに6N塩酸(12.2 ml)を加え、得られた混合物を15分間還流した。混合物を10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で0℃で塩基性にし、そこに水を加えたのち、酢酸エチルで2回抽出した。合わせた有機層をブラインで洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残留油状物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=10:1−6:1)で精製して、4,6−ジフルオロインドリン(2.05 g)を無色の油状物として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 156(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.90 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (td, J = 7.5, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 6.08 - 6.14 (m, 2H), 6.17 (td, J = 10.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H).
(1)3−クロロ−5−フルオロアニリン(8.0 g)の6N塩酸(28 ml)懸濁液に、亜硝酸ナトリウム(4.17 g)のH2O(5.2 ml)溶液を0℃で加え、混合物を0℃で30分間攪拌した。得られた混合物を水酸化カリウム(17.0 g)、酢酸ナトリウム(17.0 g)および2−メチルアセト酢酸エチル(8.72 g)のH2O(80 ml)及びエチルアルコール(64 ml)溶液に0℃で加え、混合物を同温で2時間攪拌した。反応混合物を酢酸エチルで2回抽出し、合わせた有機層を減圧下で留去した。残渣を水と酢酸エチルに溶解し、不溶物を濾去した。濾液を分離し、有機層をブラインで洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。不溶物を濾去し、濾液を減圧下で留去した。残留固体をヘキサンで粉末化して、2−(3−クロロ−5−フルオロフェニルヒドラジノ)プロピオン酸エチル(4.0g)を淡褐色の固体として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 259/261(M+H)。
(2)上記化合物を参考例3−(2)、(3)、(4)及び(5)と同様に処理して、4−クロロ−6−フルオロインドリンを無色の油状物として得た。APCI−Mass m/Z 172/174(M+H)。1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.90 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J = 10.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dd, J = 9.5, 1.9 Hz, 1H).
1.SGLT2阻害アッセイ
試験化合物:
上記実施例に記載の化合物を、SGLT2阻害アッセイに用いた。
方法:
24穴プレート中、10%ウシ胎児血清、400μg/mlゲネチシン(Geneticin)、50単位/mlペニシリンGナトリウム(Gibco−BRL)および50μg/ml硫酸ストレプトマイシンを含むF−12培地(Ham’s F−12)にヒトSGLT2発現CHOK1細胞を400,000個/穴の密度で播種した。37℃で、5%CO2を含む加湿雰囲気で2日間培養した後、細胞を、アッセイ緩衝液(137mM NaCl、5mM KCl、1mM CaCl2、1mM MgCl2、50mM Hepes、および20mM Tris、pH 7.4)で1回洗浄し、試験化合物を含む緩衝液250μlと共に37℃で10分間インキュベートした。試験化合物はDMSOに溶解した。DMSOの終濃度は0.5%であった。輸送反応は、50μl[14C]−メチル−α−D−グルコピラノシド(14C−AMG)溶液(終濃度、0.5mM)を加えて開始した。37℃で2時間インキュベートしたのち、取り込みをインキュベーション混合物の吸引により停止し、細胞を氷冷PBSで3回洗浄した。次いで、細胞を0.3N NaOHで可溶化し、アリコートを、放射活性を液体シンチレーションカウンターで測定するのに供した。非特異的なAMG取り込みを、ナトリウム依存性グルコース共輸送担体の特異的阻害剤であるフロリジン100μMの存在下に生じるものと定義した。特異的な取り込みは、Bradfordの方法で測定されたタンパク質濃度に対して正規化した。50%阻害濃度(IC50)値を、最小二乗法により、用量反応曲線から算出した。
結果を下表に示す:
試験化合物:
上記実施例に記載の化合物を、ラットでの尿糖排泄試験に用いた。
方法:
6週齢の雄性Spraque-Dawley(SD)ラットを、実験2日前から、餌と水を自由に与えて、個別の代謝ケージ中で収容した。実験の朝に、ラットに、ビヒクル(0.2% Tween80を含む0.2%カルボキシメチルセルロース溶液)または試験化合物(30mg/kg)を10ml/kgの容量で経口で投与した。次いで、ラットの尿を24時間採集し、尿量を測定した。その後、酵素的アッセイキットを用いて、尿中のグルコース濃度を測定し、個体あたりの、1日あたりの尿糖排泄量を算出した。
尿糖量の範囲は、AおよびBで表した。これらの範囲は以下のとおりである:A≧2400mg;2400mg>B≧2000mg。
Claims (5)
- R1がフッ素でR2が水素であるか、またはR1が塩素でR2が水素であるか、またはR1およびR2が共にフッ素である、請求項1記載の化合物。
- R2が水素である、請求項1記載の化合物。
- 4−クロロ−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、
3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、
4−クロロ−3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−6−フルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、および
3−(4−シクロプロピルフェニルメチル)−4,6−ジフルオロ−1−(β−D−グルコピラノシル)インドール、
から選択される化合物、またはその薬理的に許容しうる塩。
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