JP5101838B2 - 金属部材の表面硬化方法 - Google Patents
金属部材の表面硬化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5101838B2 JP5101838B2 JP2006136802A JP2006136802A JP5101838B2 JP 5101838 B2 JP5101838 B2 JP 5101838B2 JP 2006136802 A JP2006136802 A JP 2006136802A JP 2006136802 A JP2006136802 A JP 2006136802A JP 5101838 B2 JP5101838 B2 JP 5101838B2
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- Prior art keywords
- powder
- cast iron
- piston
- alloy layer
- ring groove
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- 229910034327 TiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WUPRCGRRQUZFAB-DEGKJRJSSA-N corrin Chemical compound N1C2CC\C1=C\C(CC/1)=N\C\1=C/C(CC\1)=N/C/1=C\C1=NC2CC1 WUPRCGRRQUZFAB-DEGKJRJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 thinner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/52—Ceramics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49249—Piston making
- Y10T29/49265—Ring groove forming or finishing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making
- Y10T29/49272—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making with liner, coating, or sleeve
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
- Y10T29/49306—Valve seat making
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Description
請求項2においては、前記金属粉末は、タングステンの粉末、またはクロムの粉末であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属部材の表面硬化方法である。
更に、前記金属粉末は、タングステンの粉末、またはクロムの粉末であることとする、という本発明の表面硬化方法を金属部材の製造に適用することにより、次のような効果を奏するのである。
例えば、内燃機関用FCD製ピストンのリング溝表面部に、タングステンまたはクロムといったMC型炭化物を微細にかつ均一に分散させ、1000〜3000Hv程度の硬度を有する高硬度な合金層を容易に形成することが可能となる。
また、温度上昇に伴う表面の硬度低下を防止する。
鋳型に鋳鉄溶湯を流し込みFCD(ダグタイル鋳鉄)製ピストン1を鋳造後、ピストンリング溝部を切削加工し、リング溝部3、4を形成する。
まず、数種の金属粉末について所定量を秤量し配合する。次に、ボールミル等を用いて前記金属粉末が均等に分散するように合金粉末を混合する。該合金粉末に所定量の溶剤を入れて、さらに混合し、合金粉末と溶剤を均一に分散させる。そうして、その中にバインダーを添加して、全体が均一な混合物となるように十分に撹拌する。次に、前記リング溝部3、4に上記の如く得られた合金粉末、樹脂及び溶剤を混合した混合物を噴射用ノズル(図示せず)を用いて塗布する。塗布する際に、ピストン1を一定速度で回転させて、均一な粉末合金層(厚さ:200〜400μm)を形成する。該粉末合金層を形成後、常温で放置し十分に溶剤を乾燥させる。上記金属粉末としては、例えばCr、V、W、Mo、Ti等の非常に硬い炭化物(MC系炭化物)を生成する金属を使用することが好ましいが、その他の硬合金を形成する金属として、アルミナ、TiN、TiO2、CrN、ジルコニア、SiC、TiC等を用いて粉末合金層を形成してもかまわない。また樹脂は常温で硬化が可能なフタル酸樹脂系、アルキド樹脂系を使用することが好ましいが、特にこれらに限定するものでない。なお、溶剤としてはシンナー、トルエン、キシレン又はメタノール、エタノール、プロパノールなどのアルコール類を用いることが可能であり、乾燥速度や安全性を考慮し適宜選択すれば良い。また、実施例として上記のように金属粉末と溶剤の混合物に、後からバインダーを添加する工程を一例として上げたが、溶剤とバインダーの混合物のなかに金属粉末を添加して配合する工程としてもかまわない。また、本発明の効果を得るために粉末合金層の厚さとして200〜400μm程度とするのが好ましいが、特にこれに限定するものではない。なお、金属粉末は複数種を混合するだけでなく単一の金属粉末だけを用いてもかまわない。また、溶剤乾燥を促進するため被塗布物を乾燥炉等に入れて乾燥時間を短縮してもかまわない。
前記粉末合金層の上に、レーザ波長に応じてレーザ吸収剤10を5μm〜15μm程度の膜厚となるよう噴射用ノズルを用いて塗布を行う。塗布する際に、ピストン1を一定速度で回転させて、均一な被膜となるようにする。該被膜を形成後、常温で放置し十分に溶剤を乾燥させる。本実施例では、レーザ吸収剤10として黒鉛粉末をシンナー等の溶剤で希釈したものを用いて粉末合金層上に黒鉛被膜を形成したが、特にこれに限るものではなく酸化第2鉄等を主成分とした塗布剤等を吸収剤として塗布してもかまわない。また、前記希釈溶剤はシンナー、トルエン、キシレン又はメタノール、エタノール、プロパノールなどのアルコール類を用いることが可能であり、乾燥速度や安全性を考慮し適宜選択すれば良い。
図2及び図3に示すようにリング溝部3、4にレーザあるいは電子ビームを適切な出力及び走査速度にて照射し、粉末合金層を焼結あるいは溶融させ、リング溝部3、4に150μm〜350μm程度の膜厚の合金層20を形成する。また、レーザとしては、CO2レーザやYAGレーザ、半導体レーザ等が上げられる。またレーザよりも高エネルギーである電子ビーム等を用いることも可能である。こうして、前工程のレーザ吸収剤(黒鉛被膜)10の塗布により、レーザ光8が粉末合金層上で効率的に吸収されることで粉末合金層が加熱されて、粉末合金層内及び該粉末合金層とピストン等金属母材(鋳鉄母材)との界面部で焼結及び溶融、母材への拡散が促進されることにより、金属母材表面に強固で耐磨耗性を有する合金層を生成するとともに、その合金層を金属母材(鋳鉄母材)に接合することが可能となるのである。なお、本実施例では金属母材としてFCD(ダグタイル鋳鉄)製の部材を用いているが、特にこれに限定するものではなくアルミ合金等などでもかまわない。
以上の工程により製造されたピストン1のリング溝3、4においては、必要に応じて合金層20の表面の研削加工を行う。このような工程により、リング溝部3、4に合金層を有するピストンを製造することができる。
上記の工程と同様の作製条件で、ダクタイル鋳鉄製テストピース(30×100(mm))上に合金層20を形成させて、表面の硬さをビッカース硬度計で測定し、耐磨耗性評価を行った。上述したようにMo(モリブデン)とC(カーボン)の混合粉末を用いて合金層20を形成したテストピースにおいては、ビッカース硬度が2000Hv程度であった。母材であるダグタイル鋳鉄(ビッカース硬度:300Hv〜350Hv)と比較して6倍程度の高硬度の合金層20が得られたことを確認した。
上記テストピースについて、EDX(エネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析装置)を用いて合金層20と鋳鉄母材であるテストピースとの界面部分を分析した結果としてMo(モリブデン)が傾斜的に分布していることを確認した。つまり合金層20が鋳鉄母材に接合していることを確認した。また、X線回折装置を用いてMoがCと結合し高硬度かつ高融点のセラミック合金の一例であるMoC(モリブデン炭化物)を生成していることも確認した。
3・4 リング溝部
8 レーザ光
10 レーザ吸収剤
15 シリンダヘッド
19 バルブシート部
20・21・22 合金層
25 シリンダブロック
26 ライン表面部
Claims (2)
- 鋳鉄製ピストン(1)を鋳造後、該ピストン(1)にリング溝部を切削加工して、ピストンリング溝部(3)を形成し、該ピストンリング溝部(3)の内壁の鋳鉄母材表面に、金属粉末と炭素粉末とバインダー及び溶剤を混合した混合物を、噴射用ノズルを用いて、前記ピストン(1)を周方向に一定速度で回転させて、均一に塗布して塗膜を形成し、該塗膜を乾燥させて、レーザ光(8)を照射し、該金属粉末と炭素粉末を焼結及び拡散させることにより、前記鋳鉄母材表面にMC系炭化物を生成するとともに、該MC系炭化物を鋳鉄母材に接合する金属部材の表面硬化方法において、前記ピストンリング溝部(3)の内壁の塗膜の上に、黒鉛粉末をシンナー等の溶剤で希釈したレーザ吸収剤(10)を、噴射用ノズルを用いて均一な被膜となるように、該ピストン(1)を周方向に一定速度で回転させて塗布被覆し、前記レーザ光の照射時に、前記金属粉末と炭素粉末からなるMC系炭化物を焼結し、前記金属粉末の鋳鉄母材への拡散を促進させることを特徴とする金属部材の表面硬化方法。
- 前記金属粉末は、タングステンの粉末、またはクロムの粉末であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属部材の表面硬化方法。
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JP2006136802A JP5101838B2 (ja) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | 金属部材の表面硬化方法 |
KR1020117022421A KR101179151B1 (ko) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-03-12 | 금속 부재의 표면 경화 방법 |
CN201110308787.4A CN102352505B (zh) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-03-12 | 金属构件的表面硬化方法 |
PCT/JP2007/054802 WO2007132587A1 (ja) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-03-12 | 金属部材の表面硬化方法及びその表面硬化方法を適用して製造したピストン、シリンダヘッド、シリンダブロック及びその製造方法 |
CN2007800238200A CN101484611B (zh) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-03-12 | 金属构件的表面硬化方法和使用其表面硬化方法制造的活塞、汽缸盖、汽缸体及其制造方法 |
KR1020087030625A KR20090028529A (ko) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-03-12 | 금속 부재의 표면 경화 방법 및 그 표면 경화 방법을 적용하여 제조한 피스톤, 실린더 헤드, 실린더 블록 및 그 제조 방법 |
US12/301,128 US8152942B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-03-12 | Method of hardening surface of metallic part, piston, cylinder head, and cylinder block each produced using the surface-hardening method, and process for producing the same |
EP07738274A EP2025776A4 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-03-12 | METAL PART SURFACE CURING METHOD, PISTON, CYLINDER HEAD, AND CYLINDER BLOCK, EACH PRODUCT USING THE SURFACE CURING PROCESS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
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KR102388569B1 (ko) | 2020-12-08 | 2022-04-22 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 산소 포화도 조절을 이용하여 결함을 억제시키기 위한 금속 분말 적층 공정용 챔버 어셈블리 |
CN112475304B (zh) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-09-28 | 福州大学 | 一种基于放电等离子烧结的12Cr不锈钢表面强化方法 |
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CN101484611A (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
US20090255504A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
KR20110119834A (ko) | 2011-11-02 |
CN102352505B (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
KR20090028529A (ko) | 2009-03-18 |
EP2025776A4 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
US8152942B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
KR101179151B1 (ko) | 2012-09-07 |
CN101484611B (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
CN102352505A (zh) | 2012-02-15 |
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