JP5148380B2 - DC / DC converter device, electric vehicle, and control method of DC / DC converter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides a DC / DC converter device that controls a DC / DC converter disposed between a first power device and a second power device, an electric vehicle including the DC / DC converter device, and the DC / DC The present invention relates to a converter control method.

  Conventionally, a DC power source (first electric power device) is connected to a motor for driving a vehicle (second electric power device) via a DC / DC converter and an inverter, and an electric vehicle is rotated by rotating a wheel by the rotation of the electric motor. It has been proposed to drive (see Patent Document 1).

  In this case, the control unit of the DC / DC converter device mounted on the electric vehicle has (1) the 2 in order to suppress overshoot of the output voltage (secondary voltage) on the inverter side in the DC / DC converter. The rate of change of the command value between control timings is changed according to the magnitude of the command value of the next voltage, or (2) the rate of change is set to the first rate until the command value reaches a threshold value. When the command value is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the change rate is set to a second value smaller than the first value, and the change amount limiting process (1) or (2) above is performed. The command value after (rate limit processing) is used as the target value of the secondary voltage to drive the switching element of the DC / DC converter.

JP 2006-353032 A

  However, even if the change rate of the command value is set (changed), due to the sudden change of the change rate (the slope) at the change point of the change rate (the change point of the slope of the command value), Ripple is generated in the current flowing between the inverters via the DC / DC converter.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such problems, and a DC / DC converter device capable of reducing ripples, an electric vehicle including the DC / DC converter device, and a DC / DC converter. It is an object to provide a control method.

The DC / DC converter device according to the first invention is:
A DC / DC converter disposed between the first power device and the second power device and having a switching element;
First-order lag processing with respect to a command value of a voltage on the first power device side (hereinafter referred to as a primary voltage) or a voltage on the second power device side (hereinafter referred to as a secondary voltage) of the DC / DC converter. And a control unit that calculates a target value of the primary voltage or the secondary voltage and drives the switching element based on the calculated target value.

Further, a control method of the DC / DC converter according to the second invention is as follows:
Command of voltage (primary voltage) on the first power device side or voltage (secondary voltage) on the second power device side of a DC / DC converter arranged between the first power device and the second power device A target value of the primary voltage or the secondary voltage is calculated by performing a first-order lag process on the value;
The switching element of the DC / DC converter is driven based on the calculated target value.

  According to these first and second inventions, the target value is calculated by performing the first-order lag processing on the command value, so that the change rate of the target value becomes discontinuous (the change rate changes suddenly). ), The current flowing between the first power device and the second power device via the DC / DC converter when the switching element is driven based on the target value. Ripple can be reduced.

  In the DC / DC converter device according to a third aspect of the invention, the control unit determines a command value based on power distribution of the first power device and the second power device, and the command value The target value is calculated by performing the first-order lag processing, and is divided into a converter control unit that drives the switching element based on the calculated target value, and the processing cycle of the converter control unit is The cycle is set to be shorter than the processing cycle of the control unit.

  In this case, the command value received by the converter control unit has a characteristic that changes stepwise with time. Therefore, in the third aspect of the invention, the first-order lag processing is performed on the command value that changes in the step shape. Thereby, according to 3rd invention, since the characteristic of the said target value smooth with respect to time passage is obtained easily, the said ripple can be reduced.

  In this case, the converter control unit performs the first-order lag process on the command value after the change amount limiting process after performing the change amount limiting process in which the change rate is fixed with respect to the command value. Is preferable (fourth invention).

  According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the change amount limiting process in which the change rate is fixed is performed on the command value before the first-order lag process is performed, the command value related to the command value can be controlled with simple control. It is possible to achieve both suppression of overshoot at the primary voltage or the secondary voltage and reduction of the ripple.

  An electric vehicle according to a fifth aspect of the present invention includes the above-described DC / DC converter device, wherein the first power device is a power storage device that generates the primary voltage, and the second power device rotates a wheel. An electric motor and a generator that is connected to an inverter that drives the electric motor and generates a generated voltage, and generates the generated voltage or the regenerative voltage generated in the inverter when the electric motor operates as a generator. It is characterized by voltage.

  According to the fifth invention, since the ripple can be reduced, the electric motor, the power generation device, the inverter, and these devices are connected by mounting the DC / DC converter device in the electric vehicle. It is possible to improve the voltage resistance and durability of the parts to be manufactured. In addition, by improving the voltage resistance and durability, it is possible to realize cost reduction, weight reduction, and size reduction.

  Further, when the power generation device is a fuel cell (sixth invention), it is possible to reliably prevent deterioration of the cells constituting the fuel cell by reducing the overshoot and the ripple.

  According to the present invention, the target value is calculated by subjecting the command value to the first-order lag processing, thereby suppressing the occurrence of a portion where the change rate of the target value becomes discontinuous (the change rate changes suddenly). Therefore, if the switching element is driven based on the target value, the current ripple can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a fuel cell vehicle (electric vehicle) 20 according to an embodiment to which a hybrid DC power supply system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

  The hybrid DC power supply system 10 is basically an energy storage device that generates a battery voltage Vbat (hereinafter also referred to as a battery) 24 (first power device) and a voltage higher than the battery voltage Vbat. A fuel cell 22 (second power device) as a power generation device that generates a power generation voltage Vf, a DC / DC converter 36 that is disposed between the battery 24 and the fuel cell 22 and performs voltage conversion, and an overall control unit 56 (upper control) And a converter control unit 54 that sets a voltage control target value of the DC / DC converter 36 in accordance with a voltage command value supplied from the battery control unit 54 and controls the voltage conversion between the battery 24 and the fuel cell 22. Is done.

  Here, the converter control unit 54 and the DC / DC converter 36 are between the primary side 1S to which the battery 24 is connected and the secondary side 2S to which the fuel cell 22 and the motor 26 (inverter 34) are connected. DC / DC converter device {VCU (Voltage Control Unit) that performs voltage conversion of step-up / step-down. } 23.

  The fuel cell vehicle 20 includes the above-described hybrid DC power supply system 10 and a traveling motor 26 (electric motor) as a load to which a motor current Im (electric power) is supplied from the hybrid DC power supply system 10 through an inverter (drive circuit) 34. And.

  The rotation of the motor 26 is transmitted to the wheel 16 through the speed reducer 12 and the shaft 14 to rotate the wheel 16.

  The fuel cell 22 has, for example, a stack structure in which cells formed by sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte membrane between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode from both sides are stacked. A hydrogen tank 28 and an air compressor 30 are connected to the fuel cell 22 by piping. A generated current If generated by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen (fuel gas), which is a reaction gas, and air (oxidant gas) in the fuel cell 22 is supplied to a current sensor 32 and a diode (also referred to as a disconnect diode) 33. Via the inverter 34 and / or the DC / DC converter 36 side.

  The inverter 34 performs DC / AC conversion and supplies the motor current Im to the motor 26, while the motor current Im after AC / DC conversion accompanying the regenerative operation is transferred from the secondary side 2 </ b> S to the primary side through the DC / DC converter 36. Supply to 1S.

  In this case, the primary voltage V1 obtained by converting the secondary voltage V2 which is the regenerative voltage or the generated voltage Vf into a low voltage by the DC / DC converter 36 is stepped down by the downverter 42 to be further reduced to the write, power The auxiliary current 44 is supplied to the auxiliary equipment 44 such as an electric motor for wind and wiper as an auxiliary equipment current Iau, and if there is surplus power, it flows into the battery 24 as the battery current Ibat (charging current Ibc) and charges the battery 24.

  As the battery 24 connected to the primary side 1S through the power cable 18, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel hydride secondary battery, or a capacitor can be used.

  The battery 24 supplies the auxiliary machine current Iau to the auxiliary machine 44 through the downverter 42, and flows out the battery current Ibat (discharge current Ibd) for supplying the motor current Im to the inverter 34 through the DC / DC converter 36.

  The motor current Im supplied to the inverter 34 is a combined current of the secondary current I2 obtained by converting the battery current Ibat by the VCU 23 and the generated current If.

  Smoothing capacitors 38 and 39 are provided on the primary side 1S and the secondary side 2S, respectively.

  The system including the fuel cell 22 is controlled by the FC controller 50, the system including the inverter 34 and the motor 26 is controlled by the motor controller 52 including the inverter driver, and the system including the DC / DC converter 36 is the converter driver. Are basically controlled by a converter control unit 54 including

  The FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54 are controlled by an overall control unit 56 as a host control unit that determines the total load amount Lt and the like of the fuel cell 22.

  The overall control unit 56, the FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54 are respectively an input / output interface such as an A / D converter and a D / A converter in addition to a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and a timer, If necessary, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or the like is included.

  The overall control unit 56, the FC control unit 50, the motor control unit 52, and the converter control unit 54 are connected to each other through a communication line 70 such as a CAN (Controller Area Network) that is an in-vehicle LAN, and input from various switches and various sensors. Various functions are realized by sharing the output information and executing the programs stored in the ROMs by the CPUs with the input / output information from the various switches and sensors as inputs.

  Here, as various switches and various sensors for detecting the vehicle state, in addition to the current sensor 32 for detecting the generated current If, the voltage sensor 61 for detecting the primary voltage V1 (equal to the battery voltage Vbat), the primary current. I1 {Battery current Ibat (discharge current Ibd or charge current Ibc)} A current sensor 62 for detecting the secondary voltage V2 (when the disconnect diode 33 is conductive, it is substantially equal to the generated voltage Vf of the fuel cell 22). Voltage sensor 63 for detecting the secondary current, current sensor 64 for detecting the secondary current I2, ignition switch (IGSW) 65 connected to the communication line 70, accelerator sensor 66, brake sensor 67, vehicle speed sensor 68, and the above-described lights and power There is an operation section 55 of an auxiliary machine 44 such as a window or a wiper motor.

  The overall control unit 56 determines the fuel cell vehicle based on inputs (load requests) from various switches and various sensors in addition to the state of the fuel cell 22, the state of the battery 24, the state of the motor 26, and the state of the auxiliary machine 44. From the total load requirement amount Lt of 20, the fuel cell shared load amount (required output) Lf to be borne by the fuel cell 22, the battery shared load amount (required output) Lb to be borne by the battery 24, and the regenerative power source Distribution (sharing) with the power regeneration load sharing load Lr is determined while arbitrating, and commands are sent to the FC control unit 50, motor control unit 52, and converter control unit 54.

  The processing cycle by the overall control unit 56 is, for example, the processing cycle of the converter control unit 54 (this is considered as long as the fuel cell vehicle 20 only needs to respond smoothly to the user's accelerator operation or the like without feeling uncomfortable). In the embodiment, the cycle may be slower than the switching cycle≈50 [μS]), and is set to about 10 [ms], which is 200 times the switching cycle, for example. In addition, the communication cycle of the communication line 70 is set to substantially the same cycle as the processing cycle of the overall control unit 56 (communication cycle≈10 [ms]).

  The DC / DC converter 36 includes an upper arm element (upper arm switching element 81 and parallel diode 83) and a lower arm element connected between the battery 24 and the fuel cell 22 or the regenerative power source (inverter 34 and motor 26). A phase arm (single phase arm) UA composed of (lower arm switching element 82 and parallel diode 84) and a reactor 90 are configured.

  The upper arm switching element 81 and the lower arm switching element 82 are each configured by, for example, a MOSFET or an IGBT.

  The reactor 90 connects the upper arm element and the lower arm element in order to release and store energy when the voltage is converted between the primary voltage V1 and the secondary voltage V2 by the DC / DC converter 36. It is inserted between the point and the battery 24.

  The upper arm switching element 81 is turned on or off by a drive signal (drive voltage) UH output from the converter control unit 54, and the lower arm switching element 82 is turned on or off by a drive signal (drive voltage) UL.

  The primary voltage V1, typically the open circuit voltage OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) of the battery 24 when no load is connected, as shown on the fuel cell output characteristics (current voltage characteristics) 91 of FIG. The fuel cell 22 is set to a voltage higher than the minimum voltage Vfmin of the power generation voltage Vf. In FIG. 2, the open circuit voltage OCV of the battery 24 is drawn as OCV≈V1.

  The secondary voltage V2 is set to a voltage equal to the power generation voltage Vf of the fuel cell 22 when the fuel cell 22 is generating power.

  Here, output control of the fuel cell 22 by the VCU 23 will be described.

  During power generation in which fuel gas from the hydrogen tank 28 and compressed air from the air compressor 30 are supplied, the power generation current If of the fuel cell 22 is referred to as a characteristic 91 {function F (Vf) shown in FIG. } Is determined by setting the secondary voltage V2, that is, the generated voltage Vf, through the DC / DC converter 36 by the converter control unit 54. That is, the generated current If is determined as a function F (Vf) value of the generated voltage Vf. If If = F (Vf) and the generated voltage Vf is set to Vf = Vfa = V2, for example, the generated current Ifa as a function value of the generated voltage Vfa (V2) is determined. {Ifa = F (Vfa) = F (V2)}.

  Specifically, in the fuel cell 22, the generated current If that is a current that flows out in response to a decrease in the generated voltage Vf increases, and the generated current If that flows out in response to an increase in the generated voltage Vf decreases.

  As described above, since the fuel cell 22 determines the generated current If by determining the secondary voltage V2 (generated voltage Vf), in a system including the fuel cell 22 such as the fuel cell vehicle 20, the DC is normally DC. The secondary voltage V2 (power generation voltage Vf) on the secondary side 2S of the DC converter 36 is set to a voltage control target value V2tar (see FIG. 3) for feedback control of the VCU 23 including the converter control unit 54. That is, the output (generated current If) of the fuel cell 22 is controlled by the VCU 23. The above is the description of the output control of the fuel cell 22 by the VCU 23.

  3 to 5 are functional block diagrams of converter control unit 54 in the secondary voltage control mode (voltage control target value V2tar).

  In the secondary voltage control mode, the secondary voltage command value V2com calculated by the overall control unit 56 is supplied to the control target value calculation unit 92. In the control target value calculation unit 92, the processing cycle of the overall control unit 56 and the communication cycle of the communication line 70 (for example, 10 [ms]) are longer than the processing cycle of the converter control unit 54 (for example, 50 [μs]). Therefore, when the received secondary voltage command value V2com changes stepwise in time (see the characteristic 106 in FIG. 8A, the characteristic 134 in FIG. 9C, the characteristic 140 in FIG. 11A, and the characteristic 160 in FIG. 13A). The secondary voltage command value V2com is subjected to only the primary delay process (see FIG. 4), or the rate limit process (variation amount limiting process) and the primary delay process (see FIG. 5) are performed, thereby providing a voltage control target. (See the characteristic 120 in FIG. 8A, the characteristic 136 in FIG. 9D, the characteristic 152 in FIG. 11A, and the characteristic 172 in FIG. 13A), and the converted voltage control target value V2tar is converted into the value V2tar. Dobakku term calculation unit 94 and supplied to the feedforward term calculation portion 96.

  Specifically, in FIG. 4, the secondary voltage command value V2com is converted into the voltage control target value V2tar by passing the secondary voltage command value V2com through the primary delay filter 102 as the control target value calculation unit 92.

  Further, in FIG. 5, the change amount limiting unit 104 performs rate limit processing in which the rate of change is a fixed value with respect to the secondary voltage command value V2com, and then the primary delay filter 102 is subjected to 2 after the rate limit processing. By passing the secondary voltage command value V2com, the secondary voltage command value V2com is converted into a voltage control target value V2tar.

  Note that the rate limit process for the secondary voltage command value V2com in the change amount limiting unit 104 is, for example, the following process.

  First, a difference (current V2com−previous V2tar) between the secondary voltage command value V2com supplied this time and the previous (at the time of processing) secondary voltage target value V2tar is calculated.

  In this case, if this difference is (1) the lower limit value of the allowable change amount of the secondary voltage target value V2tar and the upper limit value or less, {lower limit value ≦ (current V2com−previous V2tar) ≦ upper limit value}, The secondary voltage command value V2com is output to the primary delay filter 102 as a voltage value indicating the current secondary voltage target value V2tar.

  If the difference is less than the lower limit value of the allowable change amount of the secondary voltage target value V2tar (lower limit value> (current V2com−previous V2tar)}, (previous V2tar + lower limit value) Is output to the primary delay filter 102 as a voltage value indicating the secondary voltage target value V2tar.

  Further, if the difference exceeds the upper limit value of the allowable change amount of the secondary voltage target value V2tar (upper limit value <(current V2com−previous V2tar)}, (previous V2tar + upper limit value) A voltage value indicating the current secondary voltage target value V2tar is output to the primary delay filter 102.

  3 to 5, the feedback term calculation unit 94 includes the secondary voltage target value V2tar calculated by the control target value calculation unit 92, and the secondary voltage V2 detected by the voltage sensor 63 (see FIG. 1). Deviation e (e = V2−V2tar) is obtained, and a PID processing unit {proportional (P), integral (I), derivative (D) operation} is performed using the obtained deviation e, and the deviation e is calculated as a duty. A correction duty ΔD (ΔD = ΔDp + ΔDi + ΔDd, ΔDp: correction duty based on the P term component, ΔDi: correction duty ΔDi based on the I term component, ΔDd: correction duty based on the D term component), which are correction values, is calculated, and the calculated correction duty ΔD ( The feedback term) is calculated at the calculation point 98 as an addition signal.

  On the other hand, the feedforward term calculation unit 96 adds a reference duty Ds (Ds = V1 / V2tar) (feedforward term) obtained by dividing the voltage control target value V2tar from the primary voltage V1 detected by the voltage sensor 61. The signal is supplied to the calculation point 98 as a signal.

  The calculation point 98 adds the correction duty ΔD, which is one input, and the reference duty Ds, which is the other input, and calculates the drive duty D (D = Ds + ΔD = V1 / V2tar + ΔD) as a drive signal generator. Based on the drive duty D, the drive signal generator 100 supplies the drive signal UH of the drive duty DH (DH = V1 / V2tar + ΔD) to the upper arm switching element 81 and drives the lower arm switching element 82. A drive signal UL having a duty DL {DL = 1− (V1 / V2tar + ΔD)} is supplied.

  The fuel cell vehicle 20 according to this embodiment is basically configured and operates as described above. Next, regarding the control of the DC / DC converter 36 by the converter control unit 54, the secondary voltage described above is used. The case of controlling in the control mode will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In step S11 of FIG. 6, the overall control unit 56 determines (calculates) the total load request amount Lt from the power request of the motor 26, the power request of the auxiliary machine 44, and the power request of the air compressor 30, which are load requests. Then, in step S12, the overall control unit 56 distributes the fuel cell shared load amount Lf, the battery shared load amount Lb, and the regenerative power source shared load amount Lr for outputting the determined total load request amount Lt. And gives commands to the FC control unit 50, the converter control unit 54, and the motor control unit 52. In this case, secondary voltage command value V2com is sent to converter control unit 54.

  Next, in step S <b> 13, the fuel cell shared load amount determined by the overall control unit 56 (substantially includes the secondary voltage command value V2com of the generated voltage Vf for the converter control unit 54) Lf through the communication line 70. It is transmitted as a command to the converter control unit 54.

  In this case, the converter controller 54 that has received the command (secondary voltage command value V2com) of the fuel cell shared load Lf basically generates the secondary voltage V2, in other words, the power generation of the fuel cell 22 in step S14. The drive duty of the arm switching elements 81 and 82 of the DC / DC converter 36 is controlled so that the voltage Vf becomes the secondary voltage command value V2com commanded from the overall control unit 56 (secondary voltage control mode).

  Next, the conversion processing operation (first to third embodiments) from the secondary voltage command value V2com to the secondary voltage target value V2tar in the converter control unit 54 and the effects of these conversion processing operations will be described with reference to FIGS. This will be described with reference to FIG. 13C.

  First, a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 8B.

  In the first embodiment, when the control target value calculation unit 92 is composed of only the primary delay filter 102 (see FIG. 4), the implementation is related to the conversion processing operation from the secondary voltage command value V2com to the secondary voltage target value V2tar. It is an example.

  Here, in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the converter control unit 54 does not include the primary delay filter 102, and the secondary voltage target value V2tar is calculated by performing only rate limit processing on the secondary voltage command value V2com. It is a graph which shows the case (1st comparative example). 7A and 7B are graphs of the characteristic 106 of the secondary voltage command value V2com, the characteristic 108 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, the characteristic 110 of the secondary voltage V2, and the characteristic 112 of the secondary current I2. It is shown in the figure.

  8A and 8B are graphs of the first embodiment, and are graphs of the characteristic 106, the characteristic 120 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, the characteristic 122 of the secondary voltage V2, and the characteristic 124 of the secondary current I2. Is shown.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 7A, in the first comparative example, the characteristic 108 is obtained by performing only the rate limiting process on the characteristic 106, and the DC / DC converter 36 is controlled based on the characteristic 108. The In this case, the overshoot 114 occurs in the characteristic 110 of the secondary voltage V2 in synchronization with (corresponding to) the change point 109 of the change rate of the characteristic 108 (the corner portion where the slope changes suddenly in the characteristic 108). . Further, in the characteristic 112 of the secondary current I2, ripples 116 and 118 are generated in the rising portion and the falling portion, respectively, in synchronization with (corresponding to) the change point 109 (see FIG. 7B).

  That is, in the first comparative example, only the rate limit process is performed on the characteristic 106 of the secondary voltage command value V2com to obtain the characteristic 108 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar. Synchronously with this, an overshoot 114 occurs in the characteristic 110 of the secondary voltage V2, and ripples 116 and 118 occur in the characteristic 112 of the secondary current I2.

  On the other hand, in the first embodiment, by passing the secondary voltage command value V2com through the primary delay filter 102 in FIG. 4, the characteristic 120 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar changes as shown in FIG. 8A. In the portion 121 corresponding to the point 109, there is no corner, that is, a smooth waveform in which the sudden change in the slope of the characteristic 108 is mitigated, so that the occurrence of ripple is suppressed.

  Thus, in the first embodiment, it is possible to suppress (reduce) the occurrence of ripples in the characteristic 124 of the secondary current I2.

  Note that the time constant of the first-order lag filter 102 is preferably set to a relatively small time constant that changes the corner portion (see FIG. 7A) indicated by the change point 109 to the smooth portion 121 (see FIG. 8A). .

  Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A to 11C.

  In the second embodiment, the control unit of the DC / DC converter 36 is divided into an overall control unit 56 as a host control unit and a converter control unit 54, and the processing cycle T 2 of the converter control unit 54 is processed by the overall control unit 56. The secondary voltage target value is set from the secondary voltage command value V2com when the control target value calculation unit 92 is configured by only the primary delay filter 102 (see FIG. 4), and is set shorter than the cycle T1 (T1> T2). It is an Example regarding the conversion processing operation | movement to V2tar.

  9A to 9D show schematic graphs of the secondary voltage command value V2com and the secondary voltage target value V2tar in the overall control unit 56 and the converter control unit 54 in the second embodiment. .

  In the second embodiment, the overall control unit 56 transmits the characteristic 132 (see FIG. 9A) of the secondary voltage command value V2com determined by the power distribution described above at a transmission timing based on the processing cycle T1 (10 [ms]). The data is transmitted to the converter control unit 54 via the communication line 70. As described above, since the processing cycle T2 of the converter control unit 54 is shorter than the processing cycle T1 of the overall control unit 56, the converter control unit 54 receives the characteristic 132 as the step-shaped characteristic 134 (see FIG. 9B). .

  In this case, by passing the step-like characteristic 134 through the first-order lag filter 102 (see FIG. 4), the characteristic 134 is converted into a characteristic 136 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar that changes smoothly with time. (See FIG. 9C). That is, the first-order lag filter 102 outputs a characteristic 136 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar by smoothing a step-like waveform whose amplitude suddenly changes with time, such as the characteristic 134.

  Since the processing cycle T2 (50 [μs]) of the converter control unit 54 is shorter than the processing cycle T1 (10 [ms]) of the overall control unit 56, the feedback term calculation unit 94 and the feedforward term calculation unit 96 are , Using the characteristic 136 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar as the sample value 138 (see FIG. 9D) at the timing based on the processing cycle T2, the calculation of the feedback term (correction duty ΔD) by the PID processing described above, and the feedforward term ( The reference duty Ds) is calculated.

  10A to 10C are graphs showing a case where the converter control unit 54 does not include the primary delay filter 102 and the secondary voltage command value V2com is directly used as the secondary voltage target value V2tar (second comparative example). . 10A to 10C are graphs of the characteristic 140 of the secondary voltage command value V2com, the characteristic 142 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, the characteristic 144 of the secondary voltage V2, and the characteristic 146 of the secondary current I2. It is shown in the figure.

  On the other hand, FIGS. 11A to 11C are graphs of the second embodiment, and are graphs of the characteristic 140, the secondary voltage target value V2tar characteristic 152, the secondary voltage V2 characteristic 154, and the secondary current I2 characteristic 156. Is shown.

  Here, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, in the second comparative example, the step-like characteristic 140 is directly used as the characteristic 142 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, and the DC / DC converter 36 is based on the characteristic 142. Be controlled. As a result, the characteristic 144 of the secondary voltage V2 becomes a step-like characteristic corresponding to the characteristic 142, and the characteristic 146 of the secondary current I2 shows a sudden change in amplitude with the passage of time in the characteristic 142 (step-like characteristic). A ripple 147 is generated in synchronization with the increase or decrease (see FIG. 10C).

  That is, in the second comparative example, the step-like characteristic 150 of the secondary voltage command value V2com is directly used as the characteristic 152 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, so that the characteristic 144 of the secondary voltage V2 becomes step-like. A ripple 147 occurs in the characteristic 146 of the secondary current I2.

  Further, since there is a relationship If = Im−I2 between the generated current If of the fuel cell 22, the secondary current I2 of the DC / DC converter 36, and the motor current Im supplied to the inverter 34, 2 When a ripple occurs in the secondary current I2, a ripple also occurs in the generated current If. Due to the ripple of the generated current If, excess or deficiency of gas supply to the fuel cell 22 occurs, and as a result, the fuel cell 22 may be deteriorated.

  In contrast, in the second embodiment, the processing cycle T2 of the converter control unit 54 is set to be shorter than the processing cycle T1 of the overall control unit 56 and the communication cycle of the communication line 70, and the first-order lag filter 102 in FIG. 11A and 11B, the characteristic 152 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar is stepped in comparison with the characteristic 140 of the secondary voltage command value V2com. However, since the waveform is smooth, the characteristic 154 of the secondary voltage V2 can be prevented from being stepped. Therefore, in the characteristic 156 of the secondary current I2, the ripple 157 is reduced as shown in FIG. 11C.

  As described above, in the second embodiment, it is possible to reliably prevent the characteristic 154 of the secondary voltage V2 from changing stepwise, and to reduce the ripple 157 in the characteristic 156 of the secondary current I2.

  Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12A to 13C.

  In the third embodiment, the control unit of the DC / DC converter 36 is divided into an overall control unit 56 as a higher level control unit and a converter control unit 54, and the processing cycle of the converter control unit 54 is set to the processing cycle of the overall control unit 56. The secondary voltage command value in the case where the control target value calculation unit 92 is configured by the change amount limiting unit 104 and the first order lag filter 102 having a fixed change rate (see FIG. 5). This is an embodiment related to the conversion processing operation from V2com to the secondary voltage target value V2tar.

  Here, in FIGS. 12A to 12C, the converter control unit 54 does not include the primary delay filter 102, and the secondary voltage target value V2tar is calculated by performing only rate limit processing on the secondary voltage command value V2com. It is a graph which shows the case (3rd comparative example). 12A to 12C are graphs of the characteristic 160 of the secondary voltage command value V2com, the characteristic 162 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, the characteristic 164 of the secondary voltage V2, and the characteristic 166 of the secondary current I2. It is shown in the figure.

  On the other hand, FIGS. 13A to 13C are graphs of the third embodiment, and are graphs of a characteristic 160, a characteristic 172 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, a characteristic 174 of the secondary voltage V2, and a characteristic 176 of the secondary current I2. Is shown.

  Here, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, in the third comparative example, the change rate of the characteristic 162 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar is limited compared to the characteristic 160 of the secondary voltage command value V2com. However, since the restriction is not sufficient, an overshoot 168 occurs in the characteristic 164 of the secondary voltage V2. Further, the characteristic 162 of the voltage control target value V2tar has a changing point 163 where the rate of change is discontinuous. Therefore, the characteristic 166 of the secondary current I2 has a ripple 170 in synchronization with the changing point 163. Has occurred (see FIG. 12C).

  That is, in the third comparative example, only the rate limit process is performed on the characteristic 160 of the secondary voltage command value V2com so as to obtain the characteristic 162 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar, thereby reducing the overshoot 168, It is necessary to set the rate of change so that the ripple 170 can be reduced. However, in practice, it is difficult to set the rate of change so as to achieve both, so the above-described overshoot 168 and ripple 170 are generated. Further, since the change point 163 where the change rate becomes discontinuous is generated only by the rate limit process, it is difficult to remove the ripple 170. Thus, it is conceivable to change the rate of change of the rate limit process, but in this case, setting the rate of change becomes complicated.

  Therefore, in the third comparative example, as described above, the overshoot 168 and the ripple 170 are likely to occur.

  On the other hand, in the third embodiment, the rate limiting process in which the rate of change is fixed with respect to the secondary voltage command value V2com is performed in the variation limiting unit 104 in FIG. By passing the secondary voltage command value V2com after the rate limit process, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, the characteristic 172 of the secondary voltage target value V2tar does not have the above change point 163 (no corners). ), That is, a smooth waveform in which a sudden change in the slope is relaxed, so that both overshoot suppression in the characteristic 174 of the secondary voltage V2 and reduction of the ripple 178 on the characteristic 176 of the secondary current I2 are compatible. be able to. In addition, since a fixed value is used as the rate of change, the control becomes simpler than when the rate of change is made variable.

  Thus, in the third embodiment, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of overshoot in the characteristic 174 of the secondary voltage V2 and reduce the ripple 178 in the characteristic 176 of the secondary current I2.

  As described above, according to the embodiment described above, the secondary voltage target value V2tar is calculated by subjecting the secondary voltage command value V2com to the primary delay processing, thereby calculating the change rate of the secondary voltage target value V2tar. Since the occurrence of a continuous portion (the rate of change suddenly changes) can be suppressed, the ripple of the secondary current I2 can be reduced by driving the arm switching elements 81 and 82 based on the secondary voltage target value V2tar. It becomes possible to reduce.

  Further, the control unit of the DC / DC converter 36 has a long processing cycle T1 (low processing speed) and a general control unit 56 that determines the secondary voltage command value V2com, and a short processing cycle T2 (high processing speed). In addition, when divided into the converter control unit 54 that calculates the secondary voltage target value V1tar using the secondary voltage command value V2com, the rate at which the rate of change of the voltage control target value V2tar of the secondary voltage V2 becomes discontinuous Therefore, the ripple can be effectively reduced.

  When the secondary voltage command value V2com is transmitted from the overall control unit 56 to the converter control unit 54 via the communication line 70, if the communication cycle of the communication line 70 is long (communication speed is slow), the converter control unit The secondary voltage command value V2com received at 54 has a characteristic that changes stepwise with time. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the processing cycle T2 of the converter control unit 54 is set to be short (the processing speed is fast), and the primary delay processing is performed on the secondary voltage command value V2com that changes stepwise. As a result, the characteristic of the secondary voltage target value V2tar that is smooth over time can be easily obtained, and the ripple can be reduced.

  Further, converter control unit 54 performs rate limit processing with a change rate fixed on secondary voltage command value V2com, and then performs primary delay processing on secondary voltage command value V2com after the rate limit processing. By doing so, it is possible to achieve both suppression at the secondary voltage V2 and reduction of the ripple.

  Furthermore, by reducing the ripple of the secondary current I2, the ripple of the primary current, the ripple of the motor current Im that is a combined current of the secondary current I2 and the generated current If, and the ripple of the generated current If are reduced. It can also be reduced. Therefore, in this embodiment, since the overshoot can be reduced and the ripples of the currents I1, I2, Im, and If can be reduced, the hybrid DC power supply system 10 having the VCU 23 is applied to the fuel cell vehicle 20. In this case, it is possible to improve the withstand voltage and durability of the motor 26, the fuel cell 22, the inverter 34, and parts connected to these devices, and the cells (of the cells constituting the fuel cell 22). It is possible to suppress deterioration of the stack structure. In addition, by improving the voltage resistance and durability, it is possible to realize cost reduction, weight reduction, and size reduction.

  This embodiment is not limited to the above description, and can be changed to various configurations such as being applied to the primary voltage control mode based on the description in the specification and the drawings.

  When applied to the primary voltage control mode, the primary voltage command value V1com is transmitted from the overall control unit 56 to the converter control unit 54 as shown in the description in parentheses in FIGS. The target value calculation unit 92 calculates a primary voltage target value V1tar by performing primary delay processing or rate limit processing and primary delay processing on the received primary voltage command value V1com, and a feedback term calculation unit 94 The correction duty ΔD is calculated based on the primary voltage V1 detected by the voltage sensor 61 and the primary voltage target value V1tar, and the feedforward term calculation unit 96 calculates the secondary voltage V2 detected by the voltage sensor 63. The reference duty Ds is calculated based on the primary voltage target value V1tar.

  Even in the primary voltage control mode, the control target value calculation unit 92 performs primary delay processing, rate limit processing, and primary delay processing on the primary voltage command value V1com to calculate the primary voltage target value V1tar. By doing so, it is possible to reliably reduce the overshoot of the primary voltage V1 and the ripples of the primary current I1 and the secondary current I2 as in the secondary voltage control mode described above.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and based on the description in the specification and drawings, the invention is not limited to the DC / DC converter 36 of the single-phase arm UA, but the three phases of U phase, V phase and W phase It goes without saying that various configurations such as application to a fuel cell vehicle having a hybrid DC power supply having an arm DC / DC converter can be adopted.

1 is a circuit diagram of a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the current-voltage characteristic of a fuel cell. It is a functional block diagram of a converter control part at the time of a secondary voltage control mode. It is a functional block diagram which shows the more detailed structure of the converter control part of FIG. It is a functional block diagram which shows the more detailed structure of the converter control part of FIG. It is a flowchart provided by description about the basic operation | movement of the DC / DC converter drive-controlled by the converter control part. 7A and 7B are graphs of voltage and current in the first comparative example. 8A and 8B are graphs of voltage and current in the first example. 9A to 9D are graphs of the secondary voltage command value and the secondary voltage target value in the overall control unit and the converter control unit. 10A to 10C are graphs of voltage and current in the second comparative example. 11A to 11C are graphs of voltage and current in the second embodiment. 12A to 12C are graphs of voltage and current in the third comparative example. 13A to 13C are graphs of voltage and current in the third example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Hybrid direct-current power supply system 20 ... Fuel cell vehicle 22 ... Fuel cell 23 ... VCU
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 24 ... Battery 26 ... Motor 34 ... Inverter 36 ... DC / DC converter 54 ... Converter control part 56 ... General control part 70 ... Communication line 81 ... Upper arm switching element 82 ... Lower arm switching element 92 ... Control target value calculation part 102 ... First-order lag filter 104 ... Change amount limiting unit

Claims (5)

A DC / DC converter disposed between the first power device and the second power device and having a switching element;
First-order lag processing with respect to a command value of the voltage on the first power device side (hereinafter referred to as primary voltage) or the voltage on the second power device side (hereinafter referred to as secondary voltage) of the DC / DC converter. A control unit that calculates a target value of the primary voltage or the secondary voltage by driving the switching element based on the calculated target value;
Equipped with a,
The controller is
A higher-level control unit that determines the command value based on power distribution of the first power device and the second power device;
A converter control unit that calculates the target value by performing the first-order lag processing on the command value, and drives the switching element based on the calculated target value;
Divided into
It said converter processing cycle of the controller, the host controller of the process the DC / DC converter unit, characterized in that it is configured to cycle shorter than the cycle. The DC / DC converter device according to claim 1 , wherein
The converter control unit performs the first-order lag process on the command value after the change amount limiting process after performing the change amount limiting process in which the change rate is a fixed value with respect to the command value. DC / DC converter device. A DC / DC converter device according to claim 1 or 2 ,
The first power device is a power storage device that generates the primary voltage,
The second power device includes a motor that rotates a wheel and a power generator that is connected to an inverter that drives the motor and generates a power generation voltage, and when the power generation voltage or the motor operates as a power generator. The regenerative voltage generated in the inverter is the secondary voltage. The electric vehicle according to claim 3 , wherein
The electric vehicle, wherein the power generation device is a fuel cell. A voltage on the first power device side (hereinafter referred to as a primary voltage) or a voltage on the second power device side of a DC / DC converter arranged between the first power device and the second power device by the host controller . Determining a command value of a voltage (hereinafter referred to as a secondary voltage) based on power distribution of the first power device and the second power device;
The converter control unit set to a processing cycle shorter than the processing cycle of the host control unit calculates a target value of the primary voltage or the secondary voltage by performing a first-order lag process on the command value , A control method for a DC / DC converter, wherein the switching element of the DC / DC converter is driven based on the calculated target value.

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