JP5075839B2 - 癌の処置のための腫瘍崩壊性アデノウイルス - Google Patents
癌の処置のための腫瘍崩壊性アデノウイルス Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の分野は、一般的に腫瘍生物学の分野に関する。特に、本発明は、腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルスとして知られている、腫瘍における選択的複製アデノウイルス、及び癌抑制のためのそれらの使用に関する。
現在、癌の治療は、主に化学療法、放射線療法、及び手術による。初期の癌の高い治癒率にも関わらず、外科的に除去することができず、正常細胞に対する毒性のために放射線療法又は化学療法の投与量に限界があるので、大多数の癌の進行したケースは不治である。このような事態を改善するため、癌治療の効力及び選択性を追求する生物工学的戦略が展開されてきた。これらのうち、ウイルスを用いる遺伝子治療及びウイルス療法は癌治療を目的としている。遺伝子療法において、ウイルスを改善してその複製を阻止し、治療的遺伝物質の媒体又はベクターとして機能させる。一方、ウイルス療法は、腫瘍細胞において複製され、選択的に増殖するウイルスを用いる(非特許文献1)。ウイルス療法において、腫瘍細胞は、治療遺伝子の効果よりもむしろウイルスの内部の複写で更に引き起こされた細胞変性効果の結果、死滅する。腫瘍細胞における優先的な複製はオンコトロピズムと呼ばれ、腫瘍の溶解は腫瘍崩壊と呼ばれる。腫瘍において選択的に複製されるウイルスは腫瘍崩壊ウイルスと呼ばれる。
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本発明は、アデノウイルス遺伝子に選択的発現を付与するプロモーターを分離するヒトDNA配列を含む、癌を治療するための腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルスに関する。特に、ヒトDNA配列は、筋緊張性ジストロフィーの遺伝子座に由来する。
A.MD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御されるE1a、及びE1a翻訳を最適化するコザック配列、及びE2F1プロモーター中でのE2Fの結合のための追加部位を含むアデノウイルスの構造
本発明は、MD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御されるE1a、及びE1a翻訳を最適化するコザック配列、及びE2F1プロモーター中でのE2Fの結合のための追加部位を含むアデノウイルスの癌治療における使用を開示する。該処置は、変質した網膜芽細胞腫経路を有する腫瘍内のこれらのウイルスの選択的複製をベースとする。
(MD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御されるE1aを含む腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルスは、E1aを発現し、腫瘍細胞で選択的に複製される。)
MD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御されるE1aを含むアデノウイルスは、以下のようにして構築した。ICOVIR−1(Ad−E2F−Δ24RGD)を生成するため、ヒトE2F1プロモーターを、E2F−1プロモーター(位置+1は転写開始点を表わす)の−218〜+51塩基の対を形成するオリゴヌクレオチドストレッチングを用いて、ヒト末梢血の単核細胞のPCRによって得た。オリゴヌクレオチドは、プラスミドpGL3(Promega,Southampton,UK)中でのクローニングのためのKpnI及びHindIII標的を含んでいた。得られたプラスミドはpGL3−E2Fと呼ばれた。これから、E1aの122及び129ヌクレオチド(nt)を除くアデノウイルスゲノム(Ad5ゲノム9の348ヌクレオチドと522ヌクレオチドとの間のHindIII部位を用いたpXCl−Δ24に由来する)の左端から5,766塩基対を含むプラスミドとの組換えによってpE2F−Δ24を得た。pE2F−Δ24を、pShuttle41と再結合し、pShuttle−E2F−Δ24を得た。このプラスミドをPmelで直線化し、pVK503(RDG69で改善される線維と共にAd5配列を含む)と再結合して、プラスミドpAd−E2F−Δ24RGD又はpICOVIR−1を得た。本発明における改善が、Rb経路における選択としてウイルスの腫瘍崩壊選択性及び効力、ならびに腫瘍崩壊の分野における効力を増強させることを証明するため、E2F1プロモーター、及びΔ24と呼ばれるE1a変異、及び線維中へのペプチドRGDの挿入を伴う本発明に開示される他の改善の組み合わせを実施した(アデノウイルスAd−Δ24RGD70)。変異Δ24およびペプチドRGDの挿入は、癌のウイルス療法の分野における上記の改変である。特に、これらは、本発明の参考文献70において一緒に記載されている。この参考文献は、RGDペプチドの使用を記載する。このペプチドは、アミノ酸アルギニン、グリシンおよびアスパラギン酸によって形成されるトリペプチドであり、このペプチドは、インテグリンに結合する。インテグリンは腫瘍細胞において過剰発現されるので、トリペプチドRGDは、腫瘍細胞におけるこのウイルスの感染性を増大させるのに役立ち、この目的のために使用される。ICOVIR1ウイルスは、このプラスミドのPacI消化、及びHEK293細胞へのトランスフェクションによって生成した。ICOVIR−2(Ad−MD−E2F−Δ24RGD)を生成するために、類似のプロトコールを用いた。MD1遺伝子座の13006ヌクレオチド〜13474ヌクレオチド(番号L08835を有するGenBankで公開された配列)のオリゴヌクレオチドストレッチングを用いて、ヒト末梢血の単核細胞のPCRにより、MD−1分離配列を得た。PCRオリゴヌクレオチドは、フランキングXhoI部位を組み入れるように設計された。前述したようにして、MD−1をpShuttle−E2F−Δ24のXhoI部位にサブクローニングし、pShuttle−MD−E2F−Δ24を得た。MD1断片の正しい方向を、BamH1、HindIII、XhoI及びSmaIの制限酵素によりチェックした。pShuttle−MD−E2F−Δ24をpVK503と再結合してpICOVIR2を生成した。ウイルスICOVIR2は、このプラスミドのPacIを用いた消化、及びHEK293細胞へのトランスフェクションによって生成した。ICOVIR1及びICOVIR2をA549細胞系内で増殖させ、遺伝子療法及びウイルス療法36において開示された方法によって精製した。ICOCIR−1及びICOVIR2ゲノムの正しい構造は、それぞれKpnI及びHindIIを用いた制限切断によりチェックした。更に、MD−1領域、E2Fプロモーター、E1A−Δ24変異、及びRGDを含む線維領域の配列を決定した。これらの配列に用いられたオリゴヌクレオチドは:MD1−Up(5’−GGGCAGATGGAGGGCCTTTTATTC−3’)、E2F−up(5’−GTGTTACTCATAGCGCGTAA−3’)、Δ24−down(5’−CCTCCGGTGATAATGACAAG−3’)及びFiberUp(5’−CAAACGCTGTTGGATTTATG−3’)である。得られた配列を配列番号1に示す。
(コザック配列は、E1aの発現がMD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御される、腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルスE1aの発現の増加を可能にする。)
腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルスは、MD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御されるE1a、及びその翻訳を促進させるコザック配列を用いて構築された。このため、Kpn1を用いた制限切断により、MD配列、E2F1プロモーター及びE1aを含むDNAの断片を、実施例1に開示したpShuttle−MD−E2F−D24から分離し、pGEM3Z(Promega)にサブクローニングし、プラスミドpGEM−E2F−d24を得た。コザック配列を含むオリゴヌクレオチドを用いてE1a翻訳の開始を置換するために、このプラスミドを用いて、pGEM−E24−KD24を得た。このようにして改善されたKpn1断片を、pShuttle−DM−E2F−D24由来のKpn1中に再度クローニングし、pShuttle−DM−E2F−KD24を得た。最終的に、pShuttle−DM−E2F−KD24をpVK503と再結合し、pICOVIR5を得た。ウイルスICOVIR5を、このプラスミドのPacIを用いた消化、及びHEK293細胞へのトランスフェクションによって生成した。ICOVIR5をA549系で増殖させ、遺伝子療法及びウイルス療法が開示されている方法によって精製した36。その構造を本発明の図1に示す。プロモーター及びE1aの正しい配列は、制限切断及び配列決定によってチェックした。得られた配列を配列番号2に示す。
(コザック配列は、E1aの発現が、MD配列で隔離されるE2F1プロモーターで制御されるアデノウイルスの腫瘍崩壊効果を増強することができる。)
我々は、(実施例1及び図4に示すように)ICOVIR2の複製能力の低下が見られる腫瘍系SKMel−28及びFaDu由来の細胞を、96カッププレートのカップ中で培養した。これらの細胞を、大量のICOVIR5、ICOVIR2及びAdwtRGDで感染させた(最後のものは最大溶解能についてのコントロールとして用いた)。感染の5日後、タンパク質量を、細胞生存の反映として分光光度法によって評価した。結果を、本発明の図6に示す。SKMel−28中でのICOVIR5の溶解能はAdwtRGDと同じであり、ICOVIR2よりも高い。FaDuにおいては、ICOVIR2よりも高いが、AdwtRGDのレベルには達していない。
(E1aが、MD配列で隔離されるE2F1プロモーターによって制御され、さらにその翻訳がコザック配列で最適化される場合に、E2Fへの結合のための部位の挿入によるE2F1プロモーターの改善は、腫瘍細胞内でのE1a発現の増加を可能にする。)
腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルスは、E2Fへの結合のための4つの部位の挿入によって改善されるE2F1プロモーターで制御されるE1aを用いて構築された。このため、実施例2に記載されたプラスミドpGEM−E2FKE1ad24において、我々は、E2F1プロモーター(1326位)中にBsiWIに対する標的を定方向突然変異誘発によって導入した。この部位で、BsiWIは、E2Fへの結合の回文配列を有するオリゴヌクレオチドの2個のコピーと結合し、それはBsiWIと極度の適合性を有する。その結果、改善されたプロモーターはpShuttle−MD−E2F−D24のKpn1中にサブクローニングされ、pShMDE2FBsiE2F2KE1ad24を得た。このプラスミドとAdwtRGDゲノムとの相同的組換えのため、プラスミドpICOVIR7が得られた。ウイルスICOVIR7は、A549系内での消化によって生成され、遺伝子療法及びウイルス療法において開示された方法36によって精製された。その構造を、本発明の図1に示す。プロモーター及びE1aの正確な配列を、制限酵素、及び配列決定によりチェックした。得られた配列を配列番号3に示す。
(MD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御されたE1a、及びE1a翻訳の開始点におけるコザック配列を含むアデノウイルスは、腫瘍を効率的に治療するために用いることができる。)
実験は、NP9腫瘍を含むBalb/cストックの無胸腺ラットを用いてin vivoで実施した。SKMel−28系由来の合計1.2×107細胞を、ラットの各背部に皮下注射した。15日後、腫瘍を形成した(70〜80mm3に到達)ラットを異なる実験群(n=10/群)に分けた。コントロール群の腫瘍は、生理食塩水バッファー(2×10μL)の腫瘍内投与を受けた。icovir5で処置される群のラットは、icovir5(腫瘍あたり109ウイルス粒子)の腫瘍内投与(2×10μL)を受けた。腫瘍を毎日測定し、その容量を以下の式:V(mm3)=A(mm)×B2(mm2)×π/6(Bは横軸の長さ)に従って評価した。図8は、処置開始時(0日)と比較した腫瘍体積を示す。結果は平均±SDとして表わす。結果間の有意な相違の存在は、不対データのノンパラメトリックなマン・ホイットニーの検定を用いて計算した。増殖曲線を、分散分析を用いて比較した。結果は、p<0.05で有意とした。計算は、統計的パッケージSPSS(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL)を用いて実施した。16日及び21日の腫瘍サイズに有意な相違が見られる。
(MD配列で隔離されたE2F1プロモーターで制御されるE1a、E1aの翻訳開始点におけるコザック配列を含むアデノウイルスを用いる場合に、アデノウイルスの全身投与に関連する毒性は減少する。)
E1a中にコザック配列、及びMDにより隔離されるE2F1プロモーターを含むアデノウイルス(ICOVIR5)のin vivo毒性を、サルベージウイルス、サルベージプロモーターの下でE1aを発現する腫瘍崩壊ウイルスAdD24RGDの毒性と比較した。ウイルスを、種々の濃度及び注入の5日後に静脈投与し、動物の生存、体重、血清トランスアミナーゼのレベル、及び血球数等の毒性に関連するパラメーターを評価した。結果を、本発明の図9に示す。免疫応答性Balb/cラット中でのAdwtRGD又はAdΔ24RGDについての致死量50値(LD50)は、注入の5日後に5.1010ウイルス粒子(vp)/ラットであるが、2倍の濃度(1.1011vp/ラット)はICOVIR−5を注入したラットの10%のみに致死である(LD10)。5.1010vpのAdwtRGD又はAdΔ24RGDを注入したラットは、注入5日後に有意な体重減少を経験したが、ICOVIR−5を注入したラットの体重は増加した。同時に、注入5日後の血漿中の肝臓トランスアミナーゼの測定(平均値±SD;n=5〜10/群)は、同じ投与量で明らかに肝臓毒性が少ないICOVIR−5と有意な相違をも示した。5日目のラットの血液プロフィールは、5.1010vpのICOVIR−5の投与が血球数に有意な変化を与えず、同量のAdwtRGD投与と関連する有意な血小板減少症の再現がないことを示した。注入の5日後に得られる凍結切片中の免疫検出によるラットの肝臓中のアデノウイルスタンパク質E1Aの発現の解析は、ICOVIR−5中のE2F−1プロモーターの隔離バージョンの存在が、投与量を増加した場合でさえ、ウイルスタンパク質の発現を制限するのに効果的であることを示す(図10)。注入3日後の肝臓のパラフィン中の切片のヘマトキシリン/エオシンを用いた染色による組織学的評価も、ICOVIR−5の低い毒性を裏付けた(図10)。従って、5.1010vpのAdwtRGD又はAdΔ24RGDを受けたラットの肝臓は、劇症肝炎(マクロな脂肪変性、好酸体の欠如、及び壊死点の存在)の明らかな症状を示し、ICOVIR−5を注入された動物は、ほとんどの外部領域に最低限の好酸体を示すのみの、実用的に正常な表現形の肝臓を有している。
Claims (9)
- E1aアデノウイルス遺伝子に腫瘍選択的な発現を付与するヒト遺伝子E2F1のプロモーターでの転写干渉に対する隔離配列として一緒に機能する、CTCF因子の2つの結合部位および様々な長さのCGT反復配列を含む、筋緊張性ジストロフィー遺伝子座に由来する配列を含むことを特徴とする、癌を治療するための腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス。
- 前記アデノウイルスが、腫瘍選択性を付与するプロモーターによって制御されるアデノウイルス遺伝子からのタンパク質翻訳を最適化するコザック配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス。
- 感染力を上昇させるためか又は腫瘍細胞内に存在する受容体に指向させるための変化をキャプシド中に含むことを特徴とし、該変化が、pRB−E2F複合体の分離を防止する、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス。
- プロドラッグ活性化因子、腫瘍抑制因子又は免疫賦活剤として癌の遺伝子療法の分野において通常に用いられる他の遺伝子を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス。
- 前記アデノウイルスが、血清タイプ1〜50に由来するヒトアデノウイルスであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス。
- 前記アデノウイルスが、ヒトアデノウイルス血清型5であることを特徴とする、請求項5記載の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス。
- 前記ヒト遺伝子E2F1のプロモーターが、E2Fへの追加の結合部位の挿入によって改変されることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の有効量の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルス、及び1種以上の担体又は薬学的に許容され得る賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 癌又はその前癌状態の治療又は予防のための薬剤を製造するための、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の腫瘍崩壊アデノウイルスの使用。
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ES200600216A ES2304281B1 (es) | 2006-02-01 | 2006-02-01 | Adenovirus oncoliticos para el tratamiento del cancer. |
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US20040175362A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2004-09-09 | Curiel David T. | Infectivity-enhanced conditionally-replicative adenovirus and uses thereof |
ES2304281B1 (es) * | 2006-02-01 | 2009-08-12 | Dnatrix Inc. | Adenovirus oncoliticos para el tratamiento del cancer. |
US8138318B2 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2012-03-20 | Abbott Laboratories | Hepatitis B pre-S2 nucleic acid |
WO2010097419A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-02 | Fundació Privada Centre De Regulació Genòmica (Crg) | Conditionally replicating adenovirus effective in the treatment of tumors |
ES2355882B1 (es) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-02-13 | INSTITUT CATALÀ D`ONCOLOGIA (Titular al 50%) | Combinación de adenovirus oncolítico y un bloqueador de canal de calcio y su uso para el tratamiento del cáncer. |
FI123955B (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2014-01-15 | Oncos Therapeutics Ltd | Oncolytic adenovirus |
CA2903582C (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2021-06-08 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Oncolytic adenovirus compositions |
CA3183645A1 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Psioxus Therapeutics Limited | Oncolytic adenoviruses armed with heterologous genes |
EP3071697B1 (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2019-10-16 | DNAtrix, Inc. | Adenovirus expressing immune cell stimulatory receptor agonist(s) |
ES2780366T3 (es) | 2015-04-30 | 2020-08-25 | Psioxus Therapeutics Ltd | Adenovirus oncolítico que codifica una proteína b7 |
KR102106619B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-12 | 2020-05-06 | 진메디신 주식회사 | 유전자 전달 및 유전자 치료를 위한 아데노바이러스 복합체 |
EA201891021A1 (ru) | 2015-12-17 | 2018-11-30 | Псайоксус Терапьютикс Лимитед | Аденовирус группы b, кодирующий антитело к комплексу tcr или фрагмент указанного антитела |
AU2017223589B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2023-08-03 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Exogenous gene expression in therapeutic adenovirus for minimal impact on viral kinetics |
WO2017147265A1 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-31 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | High throughput assay for measuring adenovirus replication kinetics |
JP2019532621A (ja) | 2016-08-29 | 2019-11-14 | サイオクサス セラピューティクス リミテッド | 二重特異性T細胞エンゲージャー(BiTE)で武装したアデノウイルス |
GB201713765D0 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2017-10-11 | Psioxus Therapeutics Ltd | Modified adenovirus |
DK3293201T3 (da) * | 2016-09-12 | 2020-12-07 | Targovax Oy | Kombinering af adenovirus og checkpoint-inhibitorer til behandling af cancer |
AU2017375633C1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2023-04-27 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Tumor-targeting synthetic adenoviruses and uses thereof |
US20210340279A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-11-04 | Yale University | Compositions and methods of using cell-penetrating antibodies in combination with immune checkpoint modulators |
CN110684743A (zh) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-01-14 | 伍泽堂 | 特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的病毒和肿瘤治疗药物 |
AU2020325825A1 (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2022-03-17 | Mesoblast International Sarl | Cellular compositions comprising viral vectors and methods of treatment |
CN115996735A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2023-04-21 | 迈索布拉斯特国际有限公司 | 细胞组合物和治疗方法 |
WO2024081736A2 (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2024-04-18 | Yale University | Compositions and methods of using cell-penetrating antibodies |
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WO2001049868A1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2001-07-12 | Korea Research Institute Of Bioscience And Biotechnology | Cancer cell-specific gene expression system |
US6936450B2 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2005-08-30 | Compugen Ltd. | Variants of protein kinases |
IL152423A0 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2003-05-29 | Novartis Ag | Novel vector constructs |
AU2003205465A1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-09-09 | The Hospital For Sick Children | Retroviral gene therapy vectors including insulator elements to provide high levels of gene expression |
EP1578926A4 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2006-11-02 | Schering Ag | NEW PROMOTER SPECIFIC TO PROSTATIC TUMOR |
WO2005086922A2 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Board Of Regents, University Of Texas System | Oncolytic adenovirus armed with therapeutic genes |
ES2304281B1 (es) * | 2006-02-01 | 2009-08-12 | Dnatrix Inc. | Adenovirus oncoliticos para el tratamiento del cancer. |
WO2007103825A2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Combination therapy with oncolytic adenovirus |
AR053246A1 (es) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-04-25 | Fundacion Inst Leloir | Un fragmento aislado de adn del promotor humano de sparc y su uso para dirigir la expresion de un gen heterologo en celulas tumorales |
AR053600A1 (es) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-05-09 | Fundacion Inst Leloir | Un fragmento aislado de adn del promotor humano de a33 y su uso para dirigir la expresion de un gen heterologo en celulas tumorales |
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EP1990418A4 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
US20190183946A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
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ES2304281A1 (es) | 2008-10-01 |
US20090311219A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
CN101484583A (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
CA2640528A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
US10016470B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
ES2304281B1 (es) | 2009-08-12 |
US20160354420A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
US20150071881A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
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