JP4926895B2 - Automatic teaching method for stacker cranes - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an automatic teaching method for a stacker crane, and in particular, in an automatic warehouse provided with a stacker crane, the stacker crane is provided for each storage shelf for storing cassettes arranged in the row direction and the vertical direction in the automatic warehouse. A stacker crane that can automatically adjust the protruding position and the protruding amount of the transfer machine arm of the stacker crane stopped at a fixed position to the set value so that the cassette can be taken in and out accurately by the transfer machine mounted on the machine. This relates to an automatic teaching method.

  Conventionally, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, in a liquid crystal panel manufacturing line, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of automatic warehouses S are arranged along the transfer line R, and between the automatic warehouses S, S. A thin substrate such as a glass thin plate (hereinafter referred to as “liquid crystal panel”) is stored in a cassette by a transport cart OHV traveling along the transport line R, and is transported for each cassette. A plurality of processing devices EQ are arranged on one or both sides of the outside, and a required liquid crystal panel is processed or manufactured by transferring between the plurality of processing devices EQ.

In addition, the automatic warehouse includes a stacker crane C that travels in the automatic warehouse, and a plurality of storage shelves S1, S2, S3,..., Sn that store cassettes that store liquid crystal panels. The stacker crane C performs transfer between the processing apparatuses EQ and transfer by transferring a cassette to a predetermined storage shelf.
Operations such as travel of the stacker crane C, transfer of cassettes to the storage shelves and processing equipment EQ by the transfer machine provided in the stacker crane, and positioning of the transfer cassettes to the respective storage shelves are carried out by a pre-installed program. The stacker crane C is controlled to enable automatic operation.

By the way, in recent years, in order to store more cassettes that store liquid crystal panels, as shown in FIG. 7, in an automatic warehouse, in a multistage manner with respect to the vertical direction, and in a row direction along the running direction of the stacker crane In contrast, a plurality of storage shelves S1, S2, S3,..., Sn are arranged in a plurality of rows, and the vertical and horizontal clearances of the storage shelves are allowed according to the size of the cassette. As few as possible. For this reason, if the stacker crane C is positioned accurately for each storage shelf without any deviation, there is a possibility that the tip of the transfer machine arm that extends will collide with a part of the storage shelf or a column.
In addition, in order to shorten the cycle time for transporting and transferring cassettes and to improve transfer efficiency, the transfer machine arm is quickly moved from the storage shelf for transfer and the stacker crane stopped at a predetermined position facing it. It is necessary to automatically extend to a predetermined storage shelf.

  And when the automatic warehouse is newly established, before actually operating the stacker crane, the height direction and lateral direction (X axis, Y axis) where the transfer machine arm appears and disappears in each storage shelf position in advance, The amount of protrusion is set, and the data is input to a control device that controls the stacker crane, and the stacker crane is automatically operated based on this data.

  However, the control data of the stacker crane is obtained by the operator stopping the stacker crane at a preset position for each storage shelf, and the height and lateral positions of the transfer machine arm at the position, Since the amount of protrusion and the like are adjusted and obtained accurately while being manually checked, there is a problem that much time and labor are required for the alignment.

  In view of the problems in the positioning operation of the conventional stacker crane, the present invention protrudes and stores at a predetermined fixed position where the transfer machine arm does not collide with a shelf holder or a pillar in an automatic warehouse. To provide an automatic teaching device for a stacker crane capable of automatically obtaining control data of the height and lateral position of a transfer machine arm at each storage shelf position so that it can be placed at a fixed position on the shelf. With the goal.

In order to achieve the above object, the stacker crane automatic teaching method according to the present invention has an automatic warehouse in which a multi-stage shelf for storing cassettes is formed on the column side, and an upper portion of a transfer machine arm protruding position on each shelf is provided. A detection marker for individually detecting the lower part is provided, and a plurality of optical sensors for detecting the upper and lower detection markers are provided on the transfer machine side, and the optical axes of the plurality of sensors are set at fixed positions of the respective detection markers. The position detected at the same time is used as position data in the height direction and lateral direction (X axis, Y axis) of the transfer machine arm that appears and disappears, and this is converted into data to set the protruding position of the transfer machine arm. An automatic teaching method for a stacker crane, characterized in that three optical sensors arranged on the transfer machine side are arranged in an L shape as one set .

In this case, when the detection markers are simultaneously received at a fixed position by the optical axes of a set of three photosensors arranged in an L shape , the detection markers are separated from the optical axes of the two photosensors arranged facing left and right. The protruding position of the transferer arm can be set so that the distance to the detection marker side edge and the distance from the optical axis of the two photosensors arranged above and below to the upper and lower edges of the detection marker are equal.

  According to the automatic teaching method of the stacker crane of the present invention, the upper side and the lower side of the transfer machine arm protruding position in each shelf are individually detected on the column side forming the multistage shelf for storing cassettes in the automatic warehouse. And a plurality of optical sensors for detecting the upper and lower detection markers on the transfer machine side, respectively, and the positions where the optical axes of the plurality of sensors are simultaneously detected at the fixed positions of the respective detection markers. By setting the projecting position of the transfer machine arm as the position data in the height direction and the horizontal direction (X axis, Y axis) of the transfer machine arm that appears and that is converted into data, each shelf Since the displacement of the transfer machine arm relative to the left and right sides and the vertical direction can be accurately detected, and the amount of any displacement can be accurately detected, the relative positional relationship can be accurately and quickly automatically adjusted.

Then , by arranging the optical sensors arranged on the transfer machine side in an L shape as a set of three, it is possible to detect the shift direction and the amount of the transfer machine arm with a simple configuration. it can.

Further, when the detection markers are simultaneously received at a fixed position by a set of three photosensors arranged in an L shape, the detection markers are detected from the optical axes of the two photosensors arranged facing left and right. Deviation is detected by setting the protruding position of the transfer machine arm so that the distance to the side edge and the distance from the optical axis of the two optical sensors arranged above and below to the upper and lower edges of the detection marker are equal. In this case, the adjustment arm can be adjusted with a small amount of adjustment movement, so that the adjustment can be performed quickly.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of an automatic teaching method for a stacker crane of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 8 show an embodiment of the automatic teaching method for a stacker crane of the present invention.

For example, in a liquid crystal manufacturing apparatus or the like, as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of automatic warehouses S are arranged along the transfer line R, and the automatic warehouses S and S travel along the transfer line R. A cassette containing a liquid crystal panel is transported by a transport cart OHV or the like, and required processing is performed by a plurality of processing devices EQ disposed in each automatic warehouse S.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, each automatic warehouse includes a stacker crane C that travels in the automatic warehouse and a plurality of storage shelves that store cassettes that store liquid crystal panels. Are moved along the machining process to transfer and transfer between the processing devices EQ and transfer by transferring the cassette to a predetermined storage shelf.
In this automatic warehouse, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of storage shelves S1, S2, S3,... For storing cassettes on one side or both sides along the traveling direction of the traveling stacker crane C. Sn is arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction.

For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the stacker crane C for transporting the liquid crystal panel can travel along a traveling rail disposed on the floor surface of the automatic warehouse S, and can control the speed and stop position. A main mast 2 having a gate shape or the like is attached to the upper part of the traveling carriage 1 so as to be established, and an elevator 3 is attached to the main mast 2 so as to be movable up and down. As shown in FIG. 1, a transfer machine 4 comprising a plurality of transfer arms 4a, 4a that can be bent, swung or stretched and a transfer fork 4b is mounted. To make up.
The traveling carriage 1 is provided with a traveling drive device including a plurality of traveling wheels W that are rotationally driven along a traveling rail so that the traveling carriage 1 can be driven at a low speed or a variable speed by a traveling electric motor and can perform stable traveling. Set up and configure. The raising / lowering method of the lifting platform 3 is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, a rope having a balance weight with the main mast 2 as a guide is rotated by rotating the drum. By lifting and rewinding, it is possible to make fine adjustments at a fixed position in a plane so as to move up and down.
In addition, the transfer arms 4a and 4a provided in the transfer machine 4 are bent and stretched so that the storage rack S1 of the automatic warehouse arranged to face the side along the running direction of the running carriage 1; The transfer fork 4b protrudes (extends) toward S2, S3,..., Sn, and is transferred by the transfer of the cassette K between the stacker crane C and the storage shelf of the automatic warehouse S. To do.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, the automatic warehouse S in which the stacker crane is allowed to run is a traveling cart that travels in a multistage manner with a plurality of storage shelves S1, S2, S3,. Although a large number of rows are arranged in the row direction along the one traveling direction, the number of rows and the number of rows of the storage shelves are not particularly limited.
The vertical intervals of the storage shelves S1, S2, S3,..., Sn, and the horizontal intervals between the columns are the size of the cassette K placed on the shelf and temporarily stored. However, as shown in FIG. 7, the storage shelves S1, S2, S3,..., Sn are on one side along the traveling direction of the traveling carriage 1 traveling in the automatic warehouse S. Or on both sides.
In addition, the storage shelves S1, S2, S3,..., Sn of the respective stages are respectively positioned horizontally on both sides of the automatic warehouse columns 7 and 7 arranged at intervals set according to the size of the cassette K. And projecting so as to face each other so that each cassette K can be placed on each storage shelf S1, S2, S3,..., Sn.
In addition, the transfer forks 4b are preset in the transfer machines 4 and the columns 7 and 7 which are arranged so as to face each other and form the storage shelves S1, S2, S3,. Equipped with an automatic teaching device for positioning so that it appears and disappears at a fixed position.

This automatic teaching device includes two detection markers 6a and 6b arranged at the upper and lower positions of the shelves of each stage on the column 7 side, a reference sensor 51, an upper sensor 52 and a lateral sensor arranged on the transfer machine 4 side. The optical sensor 5 includes the sensor 53.
The detection markers 6a, 6b are stored at the storage shelves S1, S2, S3,..., Sn at each stage of the transfer fork when the cassette is transferred by the transfer fork 4b. A lower side for detecting a lower position (a position where the cassette is transferred from the transfer machine side to the storage rack side at a position slightly below the shelf position of each stage of the transfer fork). A detection marker 6b, and an upper detection marker 6a for detecting the position at which the cassette is moved from the storage shelf side to the transfer machine side by being slightly lifted from the shelf position of each stage by a transfer fork at a position above this. To do.

The upper and lower detection markers 6a and 6b, which form a pair, are arranged vertically with a predetermined interval. As a result, the protruding positions of the transfer fork 4b in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are detected.
The upper and lower detection markers 6a and 6b use a plurality of optical sensors as sensors, but are not particularly limited in size so as to reflect the light emitted from each sensor. Use the same structure such as a rectangular reflector or reflective tape (or sticker), and fix it to the predetermined position of the pillar 7 with screws or the like, or stick it so that it does not peel off To.
A detection marker 6c for detecting the protruding position of the transfer fork 4b in the Z-axis direction is provided. The detection marker 6c is also provided with upper and lower detection markers 6a and 6b for detecting the X-axis and Y-axis directions. Use the same material.

The optical sensor 5 as a sensor is not particularly limited, and is projected on the lifting platform 3 in order to detect the position of the transfer fork 4b in the X-axis and Y-axis directions in detail. In this case, if the transfer fork 4b protrudes on both the left and right sides of the lifting / lowering base 3, the sensor mounting base 50 is arranged on both the left and right sides of the lifting / lowering base 3. To.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, for example, the optical sensor 5 is attached to the front end portion of the sensor mounting base 50. One of the optical sensors 5 is a reference sensor 51, and is arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction. The sensor 52 is composed of three lateral sensors 53 arranged in an L shape at a predetermined interval in the horizontal direction from the reference sensor 51. These three sensors are used as a pair, and the optical axis 5a 5b and 5c are reflected by the upper and lower detection markers 6a and 6b as shown in FIG.
In this case, the interval L1 between the reference sensor 51 and the upper sensor 52 and the interval L2 between the reference sensor 51 and the lateral sensor 53 are respectively predetermined intervals, which are not particularly limited. For example, the interval L1 is 20 mm, The interval L2 is set to 12.4 mm, which is set according to the size of the cassette, the accuracy of teaching, and the like.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the size and shape of the upper and lower detection markers 6a and 6b are usually rectangular, and the optical sensors 5 (the reference sensor 51, the upper sensor 52, and the lateral sensor 53). When the three optical axes 5a, 5b, and 5c of the three optical sensors 5 are simultaneously received at the predetermined positions of the upper detection marker 6a or the lower detection marker 6b, the reference sensor 51 and the upper sensor 52 are connected to the right side ends. The distance L21 and the distance L21 to the left end of the lateral sensor 53 are made the same, and the distance L21 is a distance smaller than the distance L2 (although it is not particularly limited, for example, 11.3 mm ), And the distance to the lower end of the reference sensor 51 and the lateral sensor 53 and the distance to the upper end of the upper sensor 52 are the distance L11 (which is not particularly limited, but smaller than the interval L1). Eg to set the magnitude so as to become 10 mm).
The distance L21 is the same for both the upper and lower detection markers 6a and 6b, and the distance L11 is the same for both the upper and lower detection markers 6a and 6b. However, in some cases, as shown in FIG. In 6b, the distance to the upper end of the upper sensor 52 can be set to a distance smaller than the distance L11 (for example, about 4 mm, which is about half of the distance L21).
Thereby, at the time of automatic teaching of the transfer machine 4, the lateral shift direction and the shift amount of the transfer machine 4 and the vertical shift and the shift amount can be accurately detected.

Next, the operation of the stacker crane automatic teaching method of the present invention will be described.
Teaching is started by designating the position of the shelf where teaching is performed and moving the stacker crane C to the designated position along the traveling rail (conveyance line R). And while making it drive | work to the position of the storage shelf S1 of the predetermined row which teaches the automatic warehouse S, an elevator stand is moved to the initial setting value of a storage shelf.
The initial setting value of the storage shelf is slightly lower than the same level as the storage shelf (pass level: a position where the upper surface of the transfer fork 4b of the transfer machine 4 and the upper surface of the storage shelf S1 are at the same height). The higher position, which is not particularly limited, is set to a value obtained by adding 26 mm to the pass level, which is the level of the storage shelf S1, for example.
In this operation, the elevator 3 of the stacker crane stopped at a fixed position of the row where teaching is performed is raised from the lowered standby position to the position of the initial setting value of the lowermost storage shelf S1 by winding the rope. Do.

  In this manner, the automatic warehouse S is stopped at the position of the storage shelf S1 in the predetermined row where teaching is performed. This is normally stopped at the first storage shelf row position, and the position adjustment is performed sequentially in the order of the upper shelf from the storage shelf position of the lowermost storage shelf S1, but this is particularly limited. Instead of the above, it is also possible to carry out in the order of the storage shelves sequentially from the uppermost storage shelf Sn.

Next, when light is projected from the optical sensor 5 (the reference sensor 51, the upper sensor 52, and the lateral sensor 53), the optical axis is not reflected from the upper detection marker 6a disposed on the column so as to face the sensor 51, 52. , 53 are in the OFF state, once moved to the origin and repeated on the same shelf. Thereby, the optical axis of the optical sensor 5 is reflected by the upper detection marker 6a so that the sensors 51, 52 and 53 are turned on in advance. In this way, when each sensor 51, 52, 53 is turned on, the transfer machine 4 travels forward, and this advance distance is the distance L11 between the reference sensor 51 and the upper right side of the upper sensor 52 and the left side of the lateral sensor 53. It is checked whether or not the distance L12 is less than the distance L12 with a little extra margin to the distance L11 to the end, and retry is made until the distance L12 or less. If this distance is less than L12, the upper sensor 52 is turned off. As a result, the lateral shift direction and the shift amount of the transfer machine 4 with respect to the shelf position are measured and adjusted to be an accurate position. This adjustment method is performed by moving the transfer device 4 in the left-right direction as shown in B1, B2, and B3 of FIG.
Then, the light projection of each sensor 51, 52, 53 and the traveling of the transfer machine 4 are stopped, and the position of the distance L11 that is moved backward from the position when the upper sensor 52 is off is registered as the traveling position of the shelf.

Next, after the transfer machine 4 is moved backward by the distance L11, each sensor 51, 52, 53 is projected, and when each sensor is turned on, the transfer machine 4 starts to descend. If the descent distance is equal to or less than the distance L13 with a little margin than the interval L1, when the reference sensor 51 is turned off, the light projection of each sensor 51, 52, 53 and the descent of the transfer machine 4 are stopped, and the reference sensor The position slightly subtracted from the position at the time of turning off 51 is registered as the raising / lowering position of the shelf. As a result, the upper level set at a position slightly higher than the pass level is measured with respect to the same level (pass level) as the storage shelf, while measuring the vertical direction and the amount of deviation thereof.
After the adjustment of the upper level, the transfer machine 4 is lowered to the lower level position. Similarly, the lateral shift direction and the shift amount and the vertical direction and the shift amount at the lower level position are measured. Adjust to a slightly lower position.

  In this way, light is emitted from the three sensors of the reference sensor 51, the upper sensor 52, and the horizontal sensor 53 arranged in an L shape toward the upper detection marker 6a or the lower detection marker 6b at the same time. The reflected optical axes are received by the three sensors again. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the optical sensor 5 on the transfer machine side and the storage shelf side opposite to the optical sensor 5 are provided. Whether the relative position with respect to the position of the detection marker, for example, the relative positional relationship in the X-axis and Y-axis directions is appropriate, that is, the optical axes from the three optical sensors 5 from the fixed position of the lower or upper detection marker Whether the position is shifted left or right or up and down is detected by whether or not the optical axis reflected by the detection marker is received by a sensor facing it. If the optical axis reflected by the detection marker is not received by the sensor opposite to the optical axis, the transfer machine 4 can be adjusted easily and quickly by moving the transfer machine 4 in the direction of the shift and in accordance with the shift amount. can do.

  Note that a more detailed description of the operation will be made with reference to flowcharts as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, but a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  As mentioned above, although the automatic teaching method of the stacker crane of the present invention has been described based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the configurations described in the above embodiments, and the configurations thereof are appropriately made within the scope not departing from the gist thereof. Can be changed.

  In the automatic teaching method of the stacker crane of the present invention, a reflective detection marker is disposed on the fixed side of a column or the like provided with a storage shelf, and three optical sensors are disposed in an L shape on the transfer machine side. Since it has the characteristic of detecting the positional relationship between the X-axis and Y-axis, it can be used suitably for automatic teaching of stacker cranes. For example, it can be used for transfer machines and automatic processing machines. Can also be used.

It is a top view which shows the transfer machine mounted in the stacker crane in one Example of the automatic teaching method of the stacker crane of this invention. (A) is a side view of a transfer machine, (B) is an enlarged side view of an optical sensor mounting portion, and (C) is an enlarged front view of an optical sensor mounting portion. The detection marker attached to the pillar of an automatic warehouse is shown, (A) is a front view, (B) is a side view. It is detection explanatory drawing of the optical sensor by a detection marker, (A) is a front view which shows an upper and lower detection marker, (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the adjustment method. It is a flowchart of the automatic teaching method of the stacker crane of this invention. It is a flowchart of the automatic teaching method of the stacker crane of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of a liquid crystal panel manufacturing line. The inside of an automatic warehouse is shown, (A) is the top view which has arrange | positioned the shelf along one side of the running direction of a stacker crane, (B) is the front view of a shelf. It is a front view of a stacker crane.

1 Traveling cart 2 Main mast
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Lifting platform 4 Transfer machine 4a Transfer arm 4b Transfer fork 5 Optical sensor 51 Reference sensor 52 Upper sensor 53 Horizontal sensor 6a Upper detection marker 6b Lower detection marker 7 Pillar C Stacker crane K Cassette S Automatic warehouse S1, S2, S3, ..., Sn storage shelf

Claims (2)

In the automatic warehouse, on the column side that forms the multi-stage shelf for storing cassettes, detection markers for individually detecting the upper and lower parts of the transfer machine arm protruding position on each shelf, on the transfer machine side A plurality of optical sensors for detecting each of the upper and lower detection markers are provided, and the positions at which the optical axes of the plurality of sensors are simultaneously detected at the fixed positions of the respective detection markers are set in the height direction and the lateral direction of the moving transfer arm. This is an automatic teaching method for a stacker crane configured to set the position data of the direction and to set the protruding position of the transfer machine arm as data, and includes three optical sensors arranged on the transfer machine side. An automatic teaching method for a stacker crane, characterized by being arranged in an L shape as a set . When the optical markers of a set of three photosensors arranged in an L-shape are simultaneously received at a fixed position, the detection marker side ends from the optical axes of the two photosensors arranged facing left and right. claim, characterized in that to equal the distance from the optical axis of the two optical sensors arranged at a distance and vertical to the edge to upper and lower edges of the detection marker, was set projecting position of the loader arm 1 The automatic teaching method of the stacker crane as described.

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