JP4995084B2 - Co2の除去を包含する燃焼ガスの超清浄化 - Google Patents
Co2の除去を包含する燃焼ガスの超清浄化 Download PDFInfo
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
‐MEA剤は高価であり、酸素及びCO2雰囲気において劣化する。
‐MEAは腐食性であり、比較的希薄な性状でのみ使用される。
‐MEAとCO2との反応は、高度に発熱性である。
‐再生がエネルギー大量消費性である。
‐プロセスが熱及び補助電力の大量消費性である。
‐残留汚染物を捕捉する、
‐CO2を捕捉し、金属イオン封鎖用に濃縮及び高圧形でCO2を放出する、
との要求がある。
CO2(ガス)→ CO2(水溶液)
CO2(水溶液)+ H2O → H+ + HCO3 -
(NH4)2CO3(固体) → 2NH4 + + CO3 2-
H+ + CO3 2- → HCO3 -
HCO3 - + NH4 + → NH4HCO3(固体)
上記反応において、ガスから捕捉されたCO2は、炭酸アンモニウムを炭酸水素アンモニウムに転化する。上記反応は可逆性であり、CO2は、高温において、液相からストリップされる。
NH4 + + CO3 2- → NH3(ガス)+ HCO3 -
NH4 + + HCO3 - → NH3(ガス)+CO2(ガス)+H2O
上記反応により、ガス相へのNH3の放出が生ずる。吸収器におけるより低い温度及びより低いNH3/CO2比は、これら不要の反応を抑制する。しかし、再生の間及び高温では、ガス状のアンモニアが形成される。液相からアンモニアが消失することを防止するため(及び他の理由により)、再生器は、高圧及び溶液におけるアンモニアの溶解度が非常に高く、ガス状アンモニアの放出が非常に低い条件下で作動されるようになっている。
Claims (29)
- 汚染燃焼ガスを清浄化するためのシステムであって、
(a)ガスストリームを冷却して、前記ガスストリームから水を凝縮させ、かつ前記ガスストリームから汚染物を捕捉及び除去するよう構成された1以上の直接かつ湿式の冷却ステージであって、ガスストリームを0−20℃の範囲の温度に冷却するよう構成された最終冷却ステージを含む1以上の直接かつ湿式の冷却ステージ;
(b)アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを使用して、0−20℃の範囲の温度に冷却されたガスストリームからCO2を吸収するよう構成された1以上のCO2吸収ステージ;
(c)吸収したCO2を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを加圧するよう構成された加圧器;及び
(d)加圧されたアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを加熱して、前記アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーから、吸収されたCO2を分離するよう構成された1以上のCO2再生ステージ
を包含することを特徴とする、汚染燃焼ガスの清浄化システム。 - 最終冷却ステージが、ガスストリームを0−10℃の範囲の温度に冷却するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 1以上のCO 2 吸収ステージが、CO 2 希薄アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを使用して、CO 2 を吸収するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- CO 2 希薄アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーが、1.5−4.0の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項3記載のシステム。
- CO 2 希薄アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーが、1.5−3.0の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項3記載のシステム。
- 1以上のCO 2 吸収ステージが、0−20℃の範囲の温度で作動するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 1以上のCO 2 吸収ステージが、0−10℃の範囲の温度で作動するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 1以上のCO 2 吸収ステージが、CO 2 を吸収して、CO 2 富有アンモニア処理溶液を生成するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- CO 2 富有アンモニア処理溶液が、1.0−2.0の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項8記載のシステム。
- CO 2 富有アンモニア処理溶液が、1.0−1.5の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 1以上のCO 2 再生ステージが、吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを50−200℃の範囲の温度に加熱するよう構成された加熱器を包含しており、加圧されたアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを加熱して、前記吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーから、吸収されたCO 2 を分離するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 1以上のCO 2 再生ステージが、吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを100−150℃の範囲の温度に加熱するよう構成された加熱器を包含しており、加圧されたアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを加熱して、前記吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーから、吸収されたCO 2 を分離するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 加圧器が、吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを、0.21−13.79 MPa(30−2000 psi)の範囲の圧力に加圧するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 加圧器が、吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを、1.03−2.76 MPa(150−400 psi)の範囲の圧力に加圧するよう構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 汚染燃焼ガスを清浄化する方法であって、
(a)ガスストリームを冷却して、前記ガスストリームから水を凝縮させ、かつ前記ガスストリームから汚染物を捕捉及び除去する工程であって、ガスストリームを0−20℃の範囲の温度に冷却する工程;
(b)アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを使用して、冷却されたガスストリームからCO 2 を吸収する工程であって、吸収を0−20℃の範囲の温度で行う工程;
(c)吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを加圧する工程;及び
(d)加圧されたアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを加熱して、前記アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーから、吸収されたCO 2 を分離することによってCO 2 を再生する工程
を包含することを特徴とする、汚染燃焼ガスの清浄化法。 - 工程(a)において、ガスストリームを0−10℃の範囲の温度に冷却する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において、CO 2 を吸収するために使用するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーが、CO 2 希薄アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーである、請求項15記載の方法。
- CO 2 希薄アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーが、1.5−4.0の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項17記載の方法。
- CO 2 希薄アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーが、1.5−3.0の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項17記載の方法。
- CO 2 希薄アンモニア処理水溶液を使用する、請求項17記載の方法。
- アンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーが、溶解又は懸濁化した炭酸アンモニウム((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 )及び炭酸水素アンモニウム(NH 4 HCO 3 )の塩を含有するものである、請求項15記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において、吸収を0−10℃の範囲の温度で行う、請求項15記載の方法。
- 吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーが、CO 2 富有アンモニア処理溶液である、請求項15記載の方法。
- CO 2 富有アンモニア処理溶液が、1.0−2.0の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項23記載の方法。
- CO 2 富有アンモニア処理溶液が、1.0−1.5の範囲のモル比NH 3 /CO 2 を有する、請求項23記載の方法。
- 工程(d)において、加圧されたアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを50−200℃の範囲の温度に加熱する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 工程(d)において、加圧されたアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを100−150℃の範囲の温度に加熱する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 工程(c)において、吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア処理溶液又はスラリーを、0.21−13.79 MPa(30−2000 psi)の範囲の圧力に加圧する、請求項15記載の方法。
- 工程(c)において、吸収したCO 2 を含有するアンモニア系溶液又はスラリーを、1.03−2.76 MPa(150−400 psi)の範囲の圧力に加圧する、請求項15記載の方法。
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RU2378040C2 (ru) | 2010-01-10 |
CA2574633C (en) | 2010-08-10 |
JP2008508099A (ja) | 2008-03-21 |
RU2007108285A (ru) | 2008-09-20 |
IL180614A0 (en) | 2007-06-03 |
EP1781400A4 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
EP1781400B1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
NO20070165L (no) | 2007-05-07 |
KR20070053738A (ko) | 2007-05-25 |
EP1781400A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
WO2006022885A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
AU2005278126A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US20080072762A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
NO335509B1 (no) | 2014-12-22 |
US20100064889A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
KR100869665B1 (ko) | 2008-11-21 |
US8308849B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 |
US7641717B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
BRPI0514141A (pt) | 2008-05-27 |
DK1781400T3 (da) | 2013-09-23 |
CA2574633A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
IL180614A (en) | 2012-01-31 |
PL1781400T3 (pl) | 2013-11-29 |
AU2005278126B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
MX2007001367A (es) | 2007-04-10 |
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