JP4967691B2 - Control unit for gasoline engine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasoline engine in which a premixed gas in a cylinder is compressed and burned by self-ignition, and more particularly, in a low load and low rotation side operation region where self-ignition hardly occurs, the exhaust stroke or intake of the cylinder. This relates to a structure in which a negative overlap period for closing both the intake and exhaust valves is provided in the stroke to increase the temperature in the cylinder.

  In recent years, a new combustion mode has been proposed in which premixed gas in a cylinder is compressed and burned by self-ignition in order to further improve fuel efficiency and clean exhaust of gasoline engines. In general, premixed compression ignition combustion is proposed. (Hereinafter also referred to as HCCI combustion). In this new combustion mode, unlike conventional combustion by spark ignition (hereinafter also referred to as SI combustion), the premixed gas self-ignites all at once in a number of locations in the cylinder and starts combustion. Becomes extremely high.

  In addition, even in the case of an ultra-lean premixed gas that cannot realize conventional SI combustion or a premixed gas diluted with a large amount of EGR, self-ignition is performed if the temperature in the cylinder compressed by the piston becomes higher than a predetermined value. Thus, although the combustion period itself is short, it does not become vigorous combustion, so that the generation of nitrogen oxides is remarkably reduced.

  However, when the engine is in the operation region on the relatively low load and low rotation side, the temperature of the premixed gas may not rise to the self-ignition temperature even near the compression top dead center (TDC). In the gasoline engine described in Document 1, a negative overlap period is provided to close both the intake valve and the exhaust valve from the exhaust stroke to the intake stroke of the cylinder, and a large amount of burned gas remains (hereinafter also referred to as internal EGR). ) To increase the temperature in the cylinder.

  In the engine of the conventional example, an activated air-fuel mixture that easily ignites is formed by injecting a part of the fuel during the negative overlap period. In other words, the fuel injected into the high-temperature burned gas immediately vaporizes, and the chain of molecules breaks to generate radicals, or a partial oxidation reaction to the extent of aldehyde, resulting in an air-fuel mixture that easily ignites. It is believed to promote self-ignition of the entire premixture after the end of the compression stroke.

By the way, in the HCCI combustion with extremely high thermal efficiency as described above, the exhaust temperature is lowered by that amount. For example, when the temperature of the catalyst does not reach the activation temperature at the start of the engine, the temperature of the catalyst is reduced by exhaust. There is a difficulty that it cannot be raised promptly. With respect to this point, in the engine described in Patent Document 2, when the temperature of the catalyst is low, even if it is originally in the operation region where HCCI combustion is performed, the SI combustion is daringly promoted to raise the temperature of the catalyst by the relatively high temperature exhaust. I have to.
JP 2001-82229 A JP 2002-47969 A

  However, even if the temperature in the cylinder is increased by a large amount of internal EGR gas and an activated gas mixture is formed as in the former conventional example (Patent Document 1), the temperature state in the cylinder is originally low. In some operating regions of low load and low rotation, the premixed gas may not be able to be stably ignited.

  Further, as in the latter conventional example (Patent Document 2), in order to promote an increase in the temperature of the catalyst, the SI combustion is also performed in the operation region where the HCCI combustion can be performed. The effect is diminished, which is not preferable.

  The present invention has been made in view of such various points, and its object is to promote self-ignition due to compression of the premixed gas by increasing the temperature in the cylinder by providing a so-called negative overlap period. In the gasoline engine to be made, it is intended to increase the stability of the self-ignition and to promote the temperature rise of the catalyst without significantly impairing the improvement effect of the fuel consumption or the like.

In order to achieve the above object, in the engine control apparatus according to the present invention, fuel is supplied into the cylinder after the middle stage of the compression stroke to form a stratified mixture around the spark plug, and this is ignited and burned. By doing so, the self-ignition of the premixed gas is induced to occur after compression top dead center . Then, the ignition is prohibited only when the catalyst temperature is low. Further, when ignition is prohibited, a part of the stratified mixture is incompletely combusted by the combustion of the premixed gas self-ignited after compression top dead center.

  Specifically, in the first aspect of the present invention, when the engine is in a predetermined operating range, fuel is supplied into the cylinder at least in the intake stroke to form a substantially uniform premixed gas, and the exhaust stroke or In the intake stroke, a negative overlap period for closing both the intake and exhaust valves is provided, and the temperature in the cylinder is increased by the remaining burnt gas, thereby promoting the self-ignition of the premixed gas after the end of the compression stroke. This is intended for the gasoline engine control device.

When the catalyst for exhaust gas purification in the exhaust system of the engine is provided, the fuel directly into the cylinders, provided with a fuel injection valve to inject, middle of the compression stroke in the cylinder by the fuel injection valve Thereafter , fuel is injected to form a stratified mixture forming means for forming a stratified mixture that is unevenly distributed around the spark plug, and an ignition control means for igniting the stratified mixture at a predetermined timing by the spark plug. Prepare. Furthermore, the catalyst temperature detecting means for detecting that the temperature of the catalyst is not more than a predetermined temperature, and when it is detected that the catalyst temperature is not more than the predetermined temperature, ignition control by the ignition control means is performed. Ignition prohibiting means for prohibiting. Further, the stratified mixture is burned by the ignition control by the ignition control means, and the self-ignition of the pre-mixture occurs after compression top dead center, and the ignition control by the ignition control means is performed by the ignition inhibition means. When it is prohibited, a part of the stratified mixture is incompletely burned by the combustion of the premixed mixture self-ignited after compression top dead center.

  With the above configuration, first, when the engine is in the predetermined operating range, both the intake valve and the exhaust valve are closed during the predetermined period (negative overlap period) in the exhaust stroke or the intake stroke of the cylinder, so that a large amount in the cylinder. Burnt gas (internal EGR gas) remains. The internal EGR gas is mixed with the intake air sucked into the cylinder in the intake stroke, and is also mixed with the fuel supplied into the cylinder at least in the intake stroke to promote the vaporization atomization. That is, the fuel is mixed with the intake air and the internal EGR gas, and is dispersed in the cylinder whose volume is increased as the piston descends to form a substantially uniform premixed gas.

Subsequently, as the piston rises in the compression stroke of the cylinder, the premixed gas is compressed and its temperature and pressure rise. Then, after the middle stage of the compression stroke, the fuel injection valve is operated by the stratified mixture forming means, fuel is supplied into the cylinder, and a stratified mixture is formed around the spark plug. When this stratified mixture is ignited and burned at a predetermined timing in the vicinity of the TDC, the temperature and pressure of the premixed gas in the cylinder further rise to induce its self-ignition (HCCI combustion).

In other words, the ignition of the stratified mixture formed around the spark plug can trigger the premixed gas in the cylinder to surely self-ignite, and the stability of the self-ignition can be sufficiently secured. It is also possible to optimize the self-ignition timing so as to be after compression top dead center , thereby enhancing the improvement effect of fuel consumption and emission.

Furthermore, when the temperature of the catalyst provided in the exhaust system is lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, the activation temperature) and the purification performance is considered to be insufficient, ignition to the stratified mixture is prohibited. Prohibited by means. Since there is a variation in concentration (A / F) in this stratified mixture, if the premixed gas in the cylinder self-ignites and burns after the compression top dead center, a part of the stratified mixture is incomplete. A complete combustion state occurs, and carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in the exhaust gas increase. The CO and HC are supplied to the catalyst and oxidized, so that the temperature of the catalyst rises quickly.

  As described above, the stratified mixture has a variation in concentration (A / F), resulting in an incomplete combustion state, but, for example, in the case of injection in the expansion stroke after compression top dead center. In addition, the fuel with insufficient vaporization is not steamed to produce soot, and the increased CO and HC in the exhaust gas are oxidized by the catalyst, so the emission does not deteriorate.

  However, if the premixture does not self-ignite, the emission will be greatly deteriorated. Therefore, it is better not to prohibit ignition of the stratified mixture as described above when there is a fear of misfire. In other words, it is preferable as the ignition prohibition means that the ignition control by the ignition control means is prohibited when the engine is on the relatively high load side in a predetermined operation region where the engine is in the HCCI combustion state. In this way, it is possible to promote the temperature rise of the catalyst while sufficiently securing the combustion stability of the engine.

  Preferably, the stratified mixture forming means performs fuel injection for forming a stratified mixture when the engine is on a relatively low rotation side in a predetermined operation region. The ignition control means may also ignite the stratified mixture when the engine is on the low speed side (Claim 3).

  That is, if the stratified mixture is ignited and burned, nitrogen oxide (NOx) increases even if the amount of the mixture is small, so the cylinder temperature is relatively high. This is because it is better not to form or ignite the stratified mixture on the high rotation side. From this point, the fuel injection amount for forming the stratified mixture should be the minimum necessary amount for forming the stratified mixture capable of spark ignition when it is ignited and burned. preferable.

  On the other hand, when the catalyst temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature and the stratified mixture is not ignited, the fuel injection amount is preferably smaller. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the fuel injection amount as the catalyst temperature rises (Claim 4). In this way, the fuel injection amount that does not contribute to the engine output while minimizing the temperature increase of the catalyst is minimized. Therefore, deterioration of fuel consumption can be suppressed as much as possible.

As described above, according to the control apparatus for a gasoline engine according to the present invention, a so-called negative overlap period is provided for the operation of the intake and exhaust valves, and the temperature in the cylinder is increased, thereby compressing the self-combustion of the premixed gas. In a gasoline engine that promotes the combustion, apart from the fuel supply for forming the premixed gas, a small amount of fuel is supplied into the cylinder after the middle of the compression stroke , and the mixture is stratified around the spark plug. By igniting and burning, the stability of HCCI combustion by self-ignition of the premixed gas can be ensured.

In addition, the self-ignition timing of the premixed gas can be set after the compression top dead center, so that a sufficient effect of improving the fuel consumption and emission can be obtained, and the engine operating range in which HCCI combustion is performed is more than conventional. It is also possible to expand to a low load, low rotation side.

In addition, when the temperature of the catalyst is low and the purification performance is insufficient, ignition of the stratified mixture is prohibited, and a part of the stratified mixture is pre-ignited after compression top dead center. By causing incomplete combustion by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture , the CO and HC in the exhaust gas can be increased, thereby effectively promoting the temperature rise of the catalyst.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the following description of the preferred embodiment is merely illustrative in nature, and is not intended to limit the present invention, its application, or its use.

(overall structure)
FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of an engine control apparatus A according to the present invention, and reference numeral 1 denotes a multi-cylinder gasoline engine mounted on a vehicle. The main body of the engine 1 has a cylinder head 4 disposed on a cylinder block 3 provided with a plurality of cylinders 2, 2,... (Only one is shown), and a piston 5 is fitted in each cylinder 2. A combustion chamber 6 is formed between the top surface of the cylinder head 4 and the bottom surface of the cylinder head 4. The piston 5 is connected to the crankshaft 7 by a connecting rod, and a crank angle sensor 8 for detecting the rotation angle (crank angle) is disposed on one end side of the crankshaft 7.

  An intake port 9 and an exhaust port 10 are formed in the cylinder head 4 so as to open to the ceiling portion of the combustion chamber 6 for each cylinder 2. The intake port 9 extends obliquely upward from the ceiling of the combustion chamber 6 and opens on one side of the cylinder head 4, and the exhaust port 10 opens on the other side opposite to the cylinder head 4. The intake port 9 and the exhaust port 10 are opened and closed by an intake valve 11 and an exhaust valve 12, respectively. These intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 are cams of a valve mechanism 13 disposed in the cylinder head 4. The shaft (not shown) is driven in synchronism with the rotation of the crankshaft 7.

  The valve mechanism 13 includes a known variable lift mechanism 14 (hereinafter abbreviated as VVL) capable of continuously changing the valve lift amount on the intake side and the exhaust side, and a phase angle of the valve lift with respect to crank rotation. And a known phase variable mechanism 15 (hereinafter abbreviated as VVT) that can be continuously changed are incorporated, and the lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 are changed by their operation to It is possible to adjust the amount of intake air and the amount of residual burnt gas (internal EGR gas). For VVL14, for example, those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2006-329022 and 2006-329023 may be used.

  In addition, a spark plug 16 is disposed with an electrode facing the ceiling of the combustion chamber 6 of each cylinder 2 and is energized by the ignition circuit 17 at a predetermined ignition timing. On the other hand, a direct injection injector 18 that directly injects fuel into the cylinder 2 with its tip facing the peripheral edge of the intake side of the combustion chamber 6 is disposed. The direct injection injector 18 has a small capacity capable of controlling the flow rate with high accuracy when a relatively small amount of fuel is injected. With this, when a small amount of fuel is injected after the middle stage of the compression stroke of the cylinder 2, An air-fuel mixture mass (stratified air-fuel mixture) is formed in the vicinity of the electrode of the spark plug 16.

  In this embodiment, a port injector 19 is disposed so as to inject fuel toward the intake port 9. The port injector 19 has a large capacity capable of injecting a large amount of fuel corresponding to the maximum torque of the engine 1. By injecting fuel from the compression stroke to the expansion, exhaust and intake stroke of the cylinder 2, A sufficient injection time can be secured even in the rotation range. The fuel spray thus injected flows into the cylinder 2 together with the intake air, and is widely dispersed in the cylinder 2 whose volume increases as the piston 5 descends to form a substantially uniform premixed gas.

  Although not shown, high pressure and low pressure fuel supply lines are connected to the injectors 18 and 19 for each cylinder 2. The low-pressure supply line is supplied with the fuel sucked up from the fuel tank by the low-pressure fuel pump, and the high-pressure supply line branched from the low-pressure supply line is provided with a high-pressure fuel pump for boosting and sending the fuel. Yes.

  In the figure, an intake system is disposed on one side of the cylinder head 4 located on the right side of the engine 1, and an intake passage 20 communicates with the intake port 9 of each cylinder 2. The intake passage 20 is for supplying air filtered by an air cleaner (not shown) to the combustion chamber 6 of each cylinder 2 of the engine 1. An electric throttle valve is provided in the common passage upstream of the surge tank 21. 22 are arranged. The intake passage 20 is branched for each cylinder 2 downstream of the surge tank 21 and communicates with the intake port 9.

  On the other hand, an exhaust system is disposed on the other side of the cylinder head 4, and an exhaust passage 25 (exhaust manifold) branched for each cylinder 2 is connected to the exhaust port 10 of each cylinder 2. A sensor 26 for detecting the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is disposed at the collection portion of the exhaust manifold. In addition, a catalyst 27 for purifying harmful components in the exhaust is disposed in the exhaust passage 25 downstream of the exhaust manifold.

  The catalyst 27 is preferably a three-way catalyst that purifies unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are typical harmful components in the exhaust of a gasoline engine, for example. The catalyst 27 exhibits a sufficient purification performance at a predetermined activation temperature (for example, 250 ° C.) or higher, but cannot exhibit a sufficient purification performance at a temperature lower than the activation temperature. A sensor 28 (catalyst temperature sensor) is provided.

  In order to control the operation of the engine 1 configured as described above, a powertrain control module 30 (hereinafter referred to as PCM) is provided. As is well known, this includes a CPU, a memory, an I / O interface circuit, etc., and as shown in FIG. A signal from an air flow sensor 31 that measures the flow rate of air in the vehicle, a signal from an accelerator opening sensor 32 that detects an operation amount (accelerator opening) of an accelerator pedal (not shown), and a vehicle speed sensor 33 that detects the traveling speed of the vehicle. And at least a signal from.

  The PCM 30 determines the operating state (for example, the load state and the engine speed) of the engine 1 based on signals from the various sensors, and the VVL 14, the VVT 15, the ignition circuit 17, and the direct injection injector 18 according to this. The port injector 19 and the electric throttle valve 22 are controlled. That is, the PCM 30 adjusts the lift amount of the intake / exhaust valves 11 and 12 mainly by the operation of the VVL 14 to control the amount of intake (air) charged into the cylinder 2 and mainly controls the intake / exhaust valve 11 by the operation of the VVT 15. , 12 are adjusted to control the internal EGR gas amount.

  The lift curves Lin and Lex of the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 are continuously changed from the minimum lift to the maximum lift as schematically shown in FIG. 3 by the control of the VVL 14 and VVT 15. The lift amount of the intake / exhaust valves 11 and 12 becomes larger as the load (target torque) and the rotational speed of the engine 1 are higher, and an overlap period (positive overlap period) is generated accordingly. On the other hand, on the relatively low load and low rotation side, a negative overlap period in which both the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 are closed occurs, and the amount of internal EGR gas is considerably increased.

  Thus, since the amount of intake air charged into the cylinder 2 can be changed over a wide range mainly by controlling the VVL 14, the engine 1 of this embodiment can control the output regardless of the control of the throttle valve 22. . Therefore, the throttle valve 22 provided in the intake passage 20 is mainly for fail-safe, and is normally fully opened even in the partial load region of the engine 1 to reduce the pumping loss.

  In addition, the PCM 30 switches the air-fuel ratio and the mixture formation state in the cylinder 2 by operating each of the two injectors 18 and 19 at a predetermined timing as will be described later, and mainly uses the VVT 15 as described above. By controlling the internal EGR gas amount in the cylinder 2 by the operation of, and further switching the operation state of the spark plug 16, the combustion state of the engine 1 is switched between HCCI combustion and SI combustion described below.

(Outline of engine control)
Specifically, as shown in an example of the control map in FIG. 4, in the operation region (I) on the relatively low load and low rotation side, the premixed gas formed in the cylinder 2 is not directly ignited. This is compressed by the rise of the piston 5 and self-ignited. At this time, basically, in the intake stroke of the cylinder 2, the fuel is injected into the intake port 9 by the port injector 19 and supplied into the cylinder 2 while being mixed with the intake air to form a substantially uniform premixed gas.

  Further, in the exhaust stroke or intake stroke of the cylinder 2, a period from when the exhaust valve 11 is closed to when the intake valve 12 is opened (a negative overlap period in which both the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 are closed) is provided, and a large amount of internal EGR is provided. By increasing the temperature in the cylinder 2 with gas, self-ignition of the premixed gas is promoted. If the negative overlap period is relatively long, the amount of internal EGR gas also increases, and the self-ignition timing is advanced.

  Such self-ignition by compression of the premixed gas is conventionally called HCCI (Homogenious Charge Compression Ignition). As schematically shown in FIG. 5, this combustion by HCCI is considered that the premixed gas is self-ignited almost simultaneously at a number of locations in the combustion chamber 6 in the cylinder 2 and starts combustion. Compared with conventional combustion by flame propagation (Spark Ignition: SI combustion), the combustion period is shortened and the thermal efficiency is increased.

  In addition, HCCI combustion in which the premixed gas self-ignites can be realized even with an ultra-lean premixed gas that is difficult to realize SI combustion or a premixed gas diluted with a large amount of internal EGR gas, As described above, even if the combustion period is short, the combustion temperature is low, so that the production of NOx is very small. On the other hand, a premixed gas that is not very lean or a premixed gas with a low degree of dilution makes the timing of self-ignition too early, and HCCI combustion cannot be realized.

  That is, HCCI combustion is realized in a premixed gas mixture that is considerably lean or a premixed gas diluted with a large amount of EGR, and originally, a very high output cannot be obtained. As shown in the control map (FIG. 4), SI combustion is performed in the operation region (II) on the relatively high load or high rotation side. That is, fuel is injected by the port injector 19 during the compression stroke or intake stroke of the cylinder 2 to form a substantially uniform premixed gas in the cylinder 2, and this is ignited and burned.

  By the way, the heat efficiency due to the HCCI combustion described above becomes the highest because the premixed gas self-ignites immediately after the TDC of the cylinder 2 as schematically shown in FIG. This is when it is slightly behind the TDC (for example, about 2 to 8 degrees in crank angle). At this time, the temperature rise in the cylinder 2 due to HCCI combustion and the increase in the internal volume of the cylinder 2 due to the lowering of the piston 5 cancel each other, so that the combustion is excessively intense even when the fuel injection amount is relatively large. There is also a merit that it will not be.

  However, it is very difficult to always self-ignite the premixed gas simultaneously at such an appropriate timing. For example, the load and rotation speed of the engine 1 become relatively low, and the compression temperature and compression pressure of the cylinder 2 are correspondingly reduced. When the value becomes lower, the variation in the timing of self-ignition of the premixed gas in the cylinder 2 becomes larger, and the peak of heat generation becomes lower as shown in FIG. As a result, the thermal efficiency decreases.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, even in the HCCI region (I), the stratified air-fuel mixture is present in the low load to medium load and relatively low rotation side regions (regions shown by oblique hatching rising to the right in FIG. 4). The self-ignition of the premixed gas is induced by the combustion of the gas. That is, as shown in an example in FIG. 7, fuel is injected by the port injector 19 in the intake stroke (second injection) to form a substantially uniform premixed gas in the cylinder 2, and then a direct injection injector at the end of the compression stroke. A small amount of fuel is injected by 18 (third injection) to form an air-fuel mixture (stratified air-fuel mixture) around the electrode of the spark plug 16, and this is ignited and burned at a predetermined timing immediately after TDC.

  When the stratified mixture around the spark plug 16 burns in this way, the temperature and pressure in the cylinder 2 further rise and induce self-ignition of the entire premixture, so that sufficient stability of HCCI combustion is ensured. can do. Further, the timing of pre-ignition of the premixed gas can be optimized as shown in FIG. 6 (a), so that the effect of improving fuel consumption and emission by HCCI combustion can be sufficiently obtained.

  Although not shown in FIG. 4, even in the HCCI region (I), particularly in a part of the low load and low rotation, fuel injection by the direct injection injector 18 even during the negative overlap period of the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12. (First injection indicated by a broken line in FIG. 7) is performed. This is the same as the engine of the conventional example (Patent Document 1), but in the fuel spray exposed to the high-temperature internal EGR gas, radicals are generated and the partial oxidation reaction proceeds, so that the self-ignition activity is easy. It is believed that a vaporized mixture is formed.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, as a characteristic part of the present invention, when the catalyst 27 is inactive, control for promoting the activation is performed. That is, when the temperature of the catalyst 27 is low and inactive, the engine 1 has a medium to high load in the HCCI region (I) and a specific region on the relatively low rotation side (in FIG. In the region shown), the third injection is performed as described above to form the stratified mixture, but the ignition is not performed.

  In this way, when the premixed gas in the cylinder 2 self-ignites and burns after TDC, the stratified gas mixture also burns, but incomplete in the rich (rich) part of the concentration (A / F) The amount of CO and HC generated in the combustion state increases, and these are oxidized in the catalyst 27, whereby the temperature of the catalyst 27 is quickly raised.

  When the load is lower than the specific region, the temperature of the cylinder 2 is low. Therefore, even if the temperature of the catalyst 27 is low and inactive, the control for promoting the activation is not performed as described above. Thus, if the stratified mixture is not ignited when the temperature of the cylinder 2 is low, the premixture may not self-ignite, and it is difficult to sufficiently secure the stability of HCCI combustion.

(Specific control procedure)
Next, a specific procedure for engine control will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11. First, in step SA1 after the start of the flow of FIG. 8, the crank angle sensor 8, the catalyst temperature sensor 28, the air flow sensor 31, the accelerator. Signals from the opening sensor 32, the vehicle speed sensor 33, etc. are input, and in step SA2, the required torque (load) to the engine 1 and the engine speed are obtained. The engine rotational speed may be calculated directly from the signal from the crank angle sensor 8, and the required torque is calculated based on, for example, the vehicle speed and the accelerator opening, or the internal EGR amount based on the signal from the airflow sensor 31 and the engine rotational speed. You just have to calculate it.

  Based on the required torque and the engine rotation speed thus obtained, in step SA3, it is determined whether the engine 1 is in the HCCI region (I) with reference to the control map of FIG. If this determination is NO, since it is in the SI region (II), detailed description is omitted, but control for normal SI combustion is executed. That is, the fuel is injected into the intake port 9 from the compression stroke to the intake stroke of the cylinder 2 by the port injector 1, and a uniform air / fuel mixture having a substantially stoichiometric air / fuel ratio is formed in the cylinder 2 and ignited by the spark plug 16.

  On the other hand, if the determination in step SA3 is YES and the HCCI region (I) is present, the process proceeds to step SA4 to determine whether the catalyst temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, for example, the activation temperature. If this determination is NO, the process proceeds to step SA6, which will be described later, while if the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step SA5, and this time, a specific area on the HCCI area (I) having a medium load or a high load and relatively low speed side It is determined whether it is in (see FIG. 4).

  If the determination is YES and the specific region is reached, the process proceeds to the flow of FIG. 11 to perform control for promoting the temperature rise of the catalyst 27 as described later, while if the determination is NO, the normal HCCI is as follows. Control for combustion. That is, in step SA6, the operation timings of the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 are controlled so that a negative overlap period is generated by the control of the VVL 14 and the VVT 15. For example, on the basis of the target torque and the engine speed, the overlap amount of the intake / exhaust valves 11 and 12 that determines the required internal EGR amount is determined by referring to a map that has been experimentally set in advance. Mainly, the VVT 15 is controlled.

  At that time, based on the target torque and the engine speed, the lift amount of the intake / exhaust valves 11 and 12 that determines the required intake charge amount is determined by referring to a map that is experimentally set in advance. Thus, the VVL 14 is mainly controlled. This intake charge amount is obtained in advance by experiments or the like so as to obtain an appropriate air-fuel ratio corresponding to the fuel supply amount to the cylinder 2, and is set in the map.

  Subsequently, in step SA7, each of the fuel injection amounts by the injectors 18 and 19 for each of the three convenient times, that is, the first injection amount by the direct injector 18 for forming the activated mixture, and the premixed gas are formed. The second injection amount by the port injector 19 for the purpose and the third injection amount by the direct injection injector 18 for forming the stratified mixture are read from the injection amount map set experimentally in advance, respectively, and determined. To do.

  This injection amount map is also an experiment in which optimum values of the first, second and third injection amounts are set in advance corresponding to the target torque and the engine speed, and are shown on the map of FIG. 4, for example. FIG. 9 shows changes in the first, second, and third injection amounts with respect to changes in the required torque (engine load) along the constant rotational speed line aa.

  As shown in the figure, the first injection is performed on the relatively low load side, while the third injection is performed on the low load or medium load range. The amount of the third injection is constant and is the minimum amount necessary for forming a stratified mixture capable of spark ignition. In the example shown in the figure, the amount of the first injection is also substantially constant, but is not limited thereto. Further, the second injection is performed throughout the HCCI region (I), and the amount thereof increases uniformly as the required torque increases.

  Subsequently, in step SA8 of the flow of FIG. 10, it is determined whether or not to perform the first injection based on the injection amount (control target value) determined in step SA7. If the injection amount is 0 (determination is NO), the process proceeds to step SA11, which will be described later. On the other hand, if the injection amount is not 0 (determination is YES), the process proceeds to step SA9 to determine whether the timing of the first injection has come. While this determination is NO, the process waits. If the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step SA10 to operate the direct injection injector 18 (execution of the first injection). The timing of the first injection is set so that the valve opening period of the direct injection injector 18 is included in the negative overlap period of the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12.

  Subsequently, in step SA11, it is determined whether or not the timing of fuel injection (second injection) by the port injector 19 has been reached. The process waits for NO, and if YES, the process proceeds to step SA12 to operate the port injector 19 ( Second injection execution). For example, the timing of the second injection may be set from the middle of the intake stroke of the cylinder 2 until the intake valve 11 is opened. In this way, the gap between the umbrella portion of the intake valve 11 and the intake port 9 is set. The fuel spray can be transported vigorously into the cylinder 2 by the high-speed intake flow that passes therethrough.

  Subsequently, in step SA13, it is determined whether or not the third injection is performed in the same manner as in step SA8. If the injection amount is 0 (determination is NO), the process returns. On the other hand, if the injection amount is not 0 (determination is YES) Proceeding to step SA14, it is determined whether or not the third injection timing (the end of the compression stroke of cylinder 2) has come. While this determination is NO, the process waits. If the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step SA15 to operate the direct injection injector 18 (third injection execution).

  In steps SA16 and SA17, the fuel injected into the cylinder 2 by the third injection by the direct injection injector 18 ignites the stratified mixture formed around the spark plug 16. That is, first, at step SA16, it is determined whether or not the ignition timing near TDC (preferably immediately after TDC) has been reached, wait for NO, and if YES, proceed to step SA17 to activate the ignition circuit 17, and thereafter Return.

  That is, if the engine 1 is in the HCCI region (I) and the catalyst 27 has already been activated or is inactive, the engine 1 is outside the specific region, and control for normal HCCI combustion is performed. . At that time, the stability of HCCI combustion is sufficiently ensured by performing the first injection for forming the activated mixture or the third injection for forming the stratified mixture as necessary. Like to do.

  On the other hand, when YES is determined in step SA5 of the flow of FIG. 8, that is, the catalyst 27 is inactive, and the engine 1 is at a medium load or a high load in the HCCI region (I) and is relatively low. When it is in the specific area on the rotation side, the process proceeds to step SB1 in the flow of FIG. 11 and controls VVL14 and VVT15 as in step SA6.

  In the subsequent step SB2, the first injection amount by the direct injection injector 18 and the second injection amount by the port injector 19 are determined based on the required torque and the like as in step SA7, and in the subsequent step SB3, the temperature of the catalyst 27 is set. Based on this, the third injection amount by the direct injection injector 18 is determined. In this table, the fuel injection amount corresponding to the catalyst temperature is read from a table as shown in FIG. 12, and the fuel injection amount (third injection amount) in this table is higher than the catalyst temperature to some extent. If so, it is set to gradually decrease with the rise.

  The reason why the amount of the third injection is decreased as the temperature of the catalyst 27 is higher is that the fuel supplied into the cylinder 2 by the third injection hardly contributes to the output of the engine 1. As described above, the third injected fuel forms a stratified mixture around the spark plug 16 and burns with the self-ignition combustion of the pre-mixture after TDC, but hardly contributes to the engine output. In view of this, the amount of such wasteful fuel is set to the minimum amount necessary for promoting the temperature increase of the catalyst 27, thereby suppressing deterioration of fuel consumption.

  In Steps SB4 to 10 following Step SB3, the first injection is performed as necessary in the same procedure as Steps SA8 to 12, 15, and 16 in the flow of FIG. 10, and then the second and third injections are performed. Above, it returns without performing ignition control.

  That is, if the catalyst 27 is inactive and the engine 1 is in a region where the premixed gas is stably self-ignited on the relatively middle to high load side in the HCCI region (I), the stratification is performed by the third injection. A vaporized gas mixture is formed, but by not igniting this, a large amount of CO and HC is supplied to the catalyst 27 to promote an increase in temperature.

  Step SA4 in the flow of FIG. 8 constitutes catalyst temperature detection means 30a for detecting that the temperature of the catalyst 27 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature based on a signal from the catalyst temperature sensor 28.

  Further, by steps SA14 and SA15 in the flow of FIG. 10 and steps SB9 and SB10 of the flow in FIG. 11, when the engine 1 is in a specific region in the HCCI region (I), the direct injection injector 18 A stratified mixture forming means 30b is configured to inject fuel in the compression stroke to form a stratified mixture around the spark plug 16.

  Furthermore, steps SA16 and SA17 in the flow of FIG. 10 constitute the ignition control means 30c that ignites the stratified mixture at a predetermined timing by the spark plug 16, while in the flow of FIG. Ignition prohibition that prohibits ignition control by the ignition control means 30c when the catalyst temperature detection means 30a detects that the catalyst temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature by returning after ignition without performing ignition. Means 30d are configured.

  The control of the flow of FIG. 8 is realized by executing a control program electronically stored in the memory of the PCM 30. In this sense, the PCM 30 includes the catalyst temperature detecting means 30a and the stratified mixture forming means. 30b, ignition control means 30c and ignition prohibition means 30d are provided in the form of software programs.

  Therefore, according to the engine control apparatus A according to this embodiment, the so-called negative overlap period of the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 is provided to increase the temperature in the cylinder 2 to promote the compression self-ignition of the premixed gas. In the gasoline engine 1 configured as described above, first, fuel is injected into the EGR gas in the cylinder 2 during the negative overlap period separately from the fuel supply for the formation of the premixed gas, and the activity with high ignitability is achieved. The premixed gas mixture is formed by injecting a small amount of fuel into the cylinder 2 even in the compression stroke, and igniting and burning the gas mixture mass stratified around the spark plug 16. Can be stably generated.

  As a result, the timing of self-ignition of the pre-mixed gas can be optimized, and the fuel economy and emission improvement effect by HCCI combustion can be sufficiently obtained, and the HCCI region (I) is expanded to a lower load and lower rotation side than before. It is also possible to do.

  Moreover, the fuel injection amount for forming the stratified mixture as described above forms a stratified mixture capable of spark ignition regardless of the target torque magnitude (load state) of the engine 1. By making the required minimum amount of NO, generation of NOx accompanying combustion of the stratified mixture can be suppressed as much as possible.

  Further, the ignition combustion of the stratified mixture is not performed on the high rotation side of the HCCI region (I) where the flow rate of the exhaust gas is large and the temperature of the cylinder 2 tends to be relatively high. An increase in NOx in the exhaust can be suppressed.

  In addition, if the catalyst 27 is inactive, a stratified mixture is formed as described above, and a part thereof is incompletely burned without being ignited. By increasing CO and HC, the temperature rise of the catalyst 27 can be effectively promoted. In addition, by making the amount of fuel in an incomplete combustion state the minimum amount necessary for promoting the temperature increase of the catalyst 27, deterioration of fuel consumption can be suppressed.

(Other embodiments)
The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various other configurations. That is, in the above-described embodiment, as shown in the control map of FIG. 4, the third injection is performed in the low load to medium load and relatively low rotation side region in the HCCI region (I), and the stratified mixture is generated. Although it is formed and ignited to burn, this control may be performed to a little higher load side or full load, and further to the higher rotation side.

  In the above-described embodiment, when the catalyst 27 is inactive, a stratified mixture is formed if the engine 1 is in a specific region on the relatively low rotation side with a medium load or a high load in the HCCI region (I). Further, by not igniting, CO and HC in the exhaust gas are increased, but this control can be executed to a lower load side depending on the fuel property.

  In the above-described embodiment, the first injection for forming the activated air-fuel mixture is performed by the direct injection injector 18 in a part of the HCCI region (I). However, the first injection may be performed depending on the fuel properties. In some cases, the first injection may be required over the entire HCCI region (I).

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the second injection for forming the premixed gas is performed in the intake stroke, but since this is due to the port injector 19, the exhaust stroke or the expansion stroke before that or You may make it carry out by a compression process.

  Alternatively, the first, second, and third injections can be performed only by the direct injector 18 without providing the port injector 19. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of NOx, a small third injection amount is preferable, but the second injection amount may have to be considerably increased in consideration of the maximum output of the engine 1, It is impossible to perform both with a single injector, and it is preferable to use two injectors 18 and 19 having different flow characteristics as in the above-described embodiment.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 are continuously changed by the operation of the VVL 14 and VVT 15. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and either the lift amount or the phase angle is used. May be a structure that switches in stages. Needless to say, a valve operating mechanism that opens and closes the intake and exhaust valves 11 and 12 individually by an electromagnetic actuator may be used.

  As described above, the present invention can improve the stability of self-ignition due to compression of the premixed gas and increase the temperature of the catalyst in a gasoline engine that performs HCCI combustion on the low load and low rotation side. Since it can be effectively promoted, it is suitable for an engine for automobiles that frequently stops frequently and the catalyst temperature tends to decrease.

It is a figure showing the whole engine control device composition concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the outline of control. It is explanatory drawing which shows the change of the lift characteristic of an intake / exhaust valve. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the control map which switches a combustion state. It is an image figure of HCCI combustion. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the heat generation in HCCI combustion. It is explanatory drawing which shows the aspect of the fuel injection by two injectors. It is a flowchart figure which shows the procedure of the control which switches a combustion state. It is explanatory drawing which showed the change of each 1st, 2nd and 3rd injection amount with respect to the change of a request | requirement torque along the equal rotational speed line. It is a flowchart figure which shows the procedure of normal HCCI control. FIG. 11 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 10 in a case where temperature increase of the catalyst is promoted during HCCI control. It is explanatory drawing of the table which reduces the 3rd injection amount according to the temperature rise of a catalyst.

A Engine control device (I) Predetermined operation region 1 Gasoline engine 2 Cylinder 11 Intake valve 12 Exhaust valve 16 Spark plug 18 Direct injection injector (fuel injection valve)
27 Catalyst 28 Catalyst temperature sensor (catalyst temperature detection means)
30 PCM
30a catalyst temperature detection means 30b stratified mixture formation means 30c ignition control means 30d ignition inhibition means

Claims (4)

When the engine is in a predetermined operating range, fuel is supplied into the cylinder at least in the intake stroke to form a substantially uniform premixed gas, and both the intake valve and the exhaust valve are used in the exhaust stroke or the intake stroke of the cylinder. This is a gasoline engine control device that promotes the self-ignition of premixed gas after the end of the compression stroke by providing a negative overlap period that closes and increasing the temperature in the cylinder with the remaining burned gas. And
The exhaust system of the engine is provided with an exhaust purification catalyst,
A fuel injection valve is provided to inject fuel directly into the cylinder,
A stratified mixture forming means for injecting fuel into the cylinder after the middle of the compression stroke by the fuel injection valve to form a stratified mixture unevenly distributed around the spark plug when the engine is in the predetermined operating region When,
Ignition control means for igniting a stratified mixture at a predetermined timing by the spark plug;
With
A catalyst temperature detecting means for detecting that the temperature of the catalyst is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature;
When the catalyst temperature detecting means detects that the catalyst temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, ignition prohibiting means for prohibiting ignition control by the ignition control means;
Bei to give a,
The stratified mixture is combusted by the ignition control by the ignition control means, and self-ignition of the pre-mixture occurs after compression top dead center, and the ignition control by the ignition control means is prohibited by the ignition inhibition means. A control unit for a gasoline engine , wherein a part of the stratified mixture is incompletely combusted by combustion of a premixed mixture self-ignited after compression top dead center . The control device according to claim 1,
A gasoline engine control device characterized in that the ignition prohibiting means prohibits ignition control by the ignition control means when the engine is on a relatively high load side in a predetermined operating region. The control device according to claim 2.
The stratified mixture forming means performs fuel injection for forming a stratified mixture when the engine is on a relatively low rotation side within a predetermined operation region.
The gasoline engine control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ignition control means also ignites the stratified mixture when the engine is on the low speed side. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The stratified mixture forming means reduces the fuel injection amount as the catalyst temperature increases when the catalyst temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature and ignition control by the ignition control means is prohibited. Engine control device.

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