JP4959976B2 - Waste pyrolysis treatment system and method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste pyrolysis treatment technique suitable for waste treatment of waste plastic, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as PET).

In recent years, with increasing emphasis on environmental issues, energy issues, material resource issues , etc., various types of waste such as industrial waste are properly treated to extract energy and materials without emitting environmental pollutants. Various technologies for effective use have been developed.

  As one of such waste treatment technologies, Patent Document 1 discloses that a plastic is dissolved in a pyrolysis tank, and the molten plastic is brought into liquid phase contact with a primary catalyst layer made of activated carbon to generate pyrolysis gas. A technology to generate hydrocarbon gas with low molecular weight in a lightened state by generating gas phase contact with the secondary catalyst layer of the secondary catalyst tower that is placed in communication with the pyrolysis gas in the upper part of the pyrolysis tank. It is shown.

Patent Document 2 discloses a pyrolysis furnace that thermally decomposes and dechlorinates waste plastic, and a rotary cutter that is installed in the pyrolysis furnace and chops the waste plastic that has been input by using a driving force of a motor; There is shown a waste plastic processing apparatus including a vacuum pump for reducing the pressure in the pyrolysis furnace to a maximum of 0.2 atm or less. In this waste plastic processing apparatus, the temperature of the wall of the pyrolysis furnace is set to 290 to 350 ° C. in the case of waste plastic containing vinyl chloride, and the waste plastic containing vinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is set. In this case, the temperature is set to 290 to 320 ° C.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-61158 JP-A-11-114531

  However, many of the conventional plastic waste treatment methods as described above are related to waste plastics including PET waste. After separating PET waste, the PET waste is treated to efficiently treat material resources and No technology has been developed for use as a material resource.

  The present invention has been proposed to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and its purpose is to utilize benzene obtained by pyrolyzing and further oiling PET waste, It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste pyrolysis treatment system and method capable of efficiently producing nanocarbon.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention treats PET waste with a pyrolysis device and an oiling device so that nanocarbon can be efficiently generated. (Polyethylene terephthalate) An oil conversion system comprising a thermal decomposition apparatus for thermally decomposing waste, an oil generation apparatus for converting the gas generated by the thermal decomposition apparatus, and a nanocarbon generation apparatus and / or a carbon black generation apparatus Slaked lime or quicklime is added to the thermal decomposition apparatus, and a product oil mainly composed of benzene obtained by the oil conversion system is introduced into the nanocarbon generation apparatus and / or carbon black generation apparatus, Or / and carbon black is produced.

  Further, the waste pyrolysis method of the present invention grasps the characteristics of the system from the viewpoint of the method.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a waste pyrolysis treatment system and method capable of efficiently producing nanocarbons by utilizing benzene obtained by pyrolyzing and further oiling PET waste. Can do.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments to which the present invention is applied (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

(1) First Embodiment (1-1) Configuration (1-1-1) Overall Configuration of System FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of one embodiment of a waste pyrolysis treatment system to which the present invention is applied. It is. This waste pyrolysis treatment system can be broadly divided to pass the pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing PET waste and other liquefied gas through the catalyst, thereby extracting oil mainly composed of benzene and refining the oil. And a nanocarbon generating apparatus 2 that generates nanocarbon using benzene obtained by the oiling system 1.

  The oil conversion system 1 includes a kiln (pyrolysis apparatus) 11 that thermally decomposes PET waste, and an oil generator 12 that includes a catalyst that introduces pyrolysis gas generated in the kiln 11 and other liquefied gas, The oil recovery tank 13 stores the oil recovered by the oil generator 12 and the distillation apparatus 14 purifies the oil stored in the oil recovery tank 13. In this distillation apparatus 14, benzene can be separated and purified from other oils by changing the distillation temperature.

  Further, as the nanocarbon generating device 2, a device using a known catalytic vapor phase growth method is used. And it is comprised so that the benzene obtained by the said oil-forming system 1 may be introduce | transduced into this nanocarbon production | generation apparatus 2. FIG.

(1-1-2) Nanocarbon generating device Here, the nanocarbon generating device 2 will be described. In addition, the nanocarbon production | generation apparatus 2 used by this embodiment uses the catalyst vapor phase growth method, for example, is comprised as shown in FIG.

  That is, the nanocarbon generator 2 is roughly composed of an electric furnace 20, a carrier gas supply unit 30, and a benzene container 40. The electric furnace 20 includes a core tube 22 having a substrate 21 therein and a heating device 23 disposed around the core tube 22. The carrier gas supply unit 30 is provided with an argon gas cylinder 31 and a hydrogen gas cylinder 32 and is used as a carrier gas for introducing benzene vapor into the electric furnace 20. And, by introducing benzene vapor into the electric furnace 20 with these carrier gases, carbon nanotubes are obtained on the substrate 21.

(1-2) Waste Pyrolysis Treatment Method Next, a waste pyrolysis treatment method using the waste pyrolysis treatment system having the above configuration will be described.

(1-2-1) Pyrolysis Treatment First, when PET waste is put into the kiln 11 together with slaked lime or quicklime, the waste is pyrolyzed at 400 to 500 ° C. in the kiln 11. As a result, carbide and other metals are taken out from the kiln 11 as a residue, and pyrolysis gas and other liquefied gas are generated. 12 is sent. Residues other than carbides, such as calcium, silica, iron, and non-ferrous metals, are recovered as material resources and material resources. In addition, heat generated by pyrolysis is supplied as heat energy inside or outside the system.

(1-2-2) Oily Treatment When pyrolysis gas and other liquefied gas from the kiln 11 are introduced into the oiling device 12 of the oiling system 1, in the oiling device 12, pyrolysis gas and other The liquefied gas reacts with the catalyst, and the oil mainly composed of benzene is condensed and recovered in the oil recovery tank 13. Then, the various oil components recovered in the oil recovery tank 13 are sent to the distillation device 14 where they are separated and refined into benzene and other various oil components.

(1-2-3) Nanocarbon generation treatment As described above, the benzene separated by the distillation apparatus 14 is stored in the benzene container 40 of the nanocarbon generation apparatus 2. When vaporized benzene vapor is introduced into the electric furnace 20 by the carrier gas, carbon nanotubes are formed on the substrate 21 installed in the furnace.

(1-3) Effect According to the present embodiment as described above, the pyrolysis gas and other liquefied gas generated by thermally decomposing PET waste by the pyrolyzer are liquefied by the oil generator, By recovering benzene, this benzene can be efficiently used as a raw material for the nanocarbon generator.

(2) 2nd Embodiment This embodiment is a modification of the said 1st Embodiment, Comprising: The structure of the oilification system 1 is made into a structure as shown in FIG.

  In other words, the pyrolysis apparatus 51 is connected to a crushed material hopper 52 to which PET waste crushed to a predetermined size is charged, and the crushed PET waste is introduced into the pyrolysis apparatus 51 together with slaked lime or quick lime. It is configured as follows. The pyrolysis gas and liquefied gas pyrolyzed by the pyrolyzer 51 are sent to a jet scrubber 56 described later, and residues other than carbides such as calcium, silica, iron, non-ferrous metals, etc. are cooled by residues. The material is collected as material resources and material resources via the conveyor 53, the residue storage hopper 54, and the residue container 55. In addition, heat generated by pyrolysis is supplied as heat energy inside or outside the system.

  The pyrolysis gas and liquefied gas generated in the pyrolysis device 51 are sent to a jet scrubber 56 having a function of cooling and condensing these gases at a high speed, and further the oil condensed components condensed in the jet scrubber 56 are buffered. By temporarily storing in 57, impurities are deposited and removed.

  In the present embodiment, a part of the cracked oil is returned to the jet scrubber 56 from a cracked oil cooler 58 provided on the downstream side of the buffer tank 57 and sprayed from a nozzle (not shown). Has been. By comprising in this way, since a part of cracked oil can be utilized as a drive source of the jet scrubber 56, PET waste can be utilized more effectively.

(3) Third Embodiment In this embodiment, the pyrolysis furnace of the pyrolysis apparatus has a two-stage configuration, and is configured such that benzene-based gas is extracted from the second-stage reactor.

  That is, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, as a pyrolysis apparatus, a first-stage reactor (first-stage pyrolysis of claims) in which a molded ball (mill ball) containing a catalyst component is held inside the furnace. 61) and a second-stage reactor (corresponding to the second-stage pyrolysis apparatus in the claims) 62 having the same configuration as that of the first-stage reactor 61. .

  The first stage reactor 61 into which the PET waste is introduced is heated to 400 to 500 ° C., and the pyrolysis residue obtained by the first stage reactor 61 is heated to 500 to 700 ° C. It introduce | transduces into the stage reaction furnace 62, and is comprised so that it may further thermally decompose. Then, by cooling the gas mainly composed of benzene collected by the second stage reactor 62, the oil mainly composed of benzene is recovered, and the oil mainly composed of benzene is produced by the nanocarbon generation device or the carbon black generation. It is configured to be introduced into a carbon generator 63 such as an apparatus.

  Further, by burning the fixed carbon and ash discharged from the second stage reactor 62 in the combustion furnace 64, ash mainly composed of quick lime is obtained, and the slaked lime is regenerated from the quick lime. The heat obtained in the combustion furnace 64 can be used as a heat source.

  The mill ball 65 that also serves as the catalyst in the first stage reactor 61 is effective for finely crushing the PET waste introduced therein, and the mill ball 66 that also serves as the catalyst in the second stage reactor 62 is Even when a liquefied gas having a large viscosity is introduced into the furnace, it is effective for facilitating stirring.

  In this embodiment configured as described above, the thermal decomposition residue obtained in the first stage reactor 61 is introduced into the second stage reactor 62, and here, benzene obtained by further thermal decomposition is mainly used. By cooling the gas, it is possible to easily recover the produced oil mainly composed of benzene.

(4) Fourth Embodiment In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, as a thermal decomposition apparatus, a molded ball (mill ball) containing a catalyst component is held inside a furnace and the whole furnace is rotated. The kiln 71 is used, and the pyrolysis gas or liquefied gas obtained from the kiln 71 is directly introduced into the carbon generator 72.

  The kiln 71 into which PET waste is introduced is heated to 400 to 500 ° C., and the pyrolysis gas or liquefied gas obtained by the kiln 71 is a gas or liquid mainly composed of benzene. Further, the mill ball 73 which also serves as the catalyst in the kiln 71 is effective for finely crushing PET waste introduced therein.

  In the present embodiment configured as described above, the pyrolysis gas or liquefied gas mainly composed of benzene obtained in the rotary kiln 71 is introduced directly into the carbon generator 72, so that the high addition can be easily performed. It becomes possible to collect valuable carbon.

(5) Fifth Embodiment In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, as a pyrolysis device, a molded ball (mill ball) containing a catalyst component is held inside a furnace and the whole furnace is rotated. The kiln 81 is used, and the thermal decomposition residue obtained from the kiln 81 is introduced into a benzene decomposition apparatus 83. And it is comprised so that the gas mainly containing benzene obtained in the benzene decomposition | disassembly apparatus 83 may be introduce | transduced into the carbon production | generation apparatus 82. FIG.

  In this embodiment configured as described above, by introducing the thermal decomposition residue obtained in the rotary kiln 81 into the benzene decomposition apparatus 83 and heating it, a gas mainly composed of benzene can be easily obtained. Therefore, by introducing the gas mainly composed of benzene into the carbon generating device 82, it becomes possible to easily collect high added value carbon.

(6) Other Embodiments The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various other variations can be implemented within the scope of the present invention. For example, in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, only benzene obtained by the distillation apparatus is introduced into the nanocarbon generation apparatus, but various oil components including benzene are introduced into the carbon black generation apparatus. May be.

  Further, the present invention can be applied not only to PET waste but also to biomass, waste plastic, and the like. Moreover, as a thermal decomposition apparatus, the thermal decomposition apparatus of the type which hold | maintains the shaping | molding ball containing a catalyst component inside, and rotates the whole furnace can also be used. In addition, specific configurations such as a thermal decomposition apparatus, an oilification apparatus, a nanocarbon generation apparatus, and a carbon black generation apparatus can be freely selected.

The block diagram which shows the structure of 1st Embodiment of the waste pyrolysis processing system which concerns on this invention. The figure which shows schematic structure of a nanocarbon production | generation apparatus. The block diagram which shows the structure of 2nd Embodiment of the waste pyrolysis processing system which concerns on this invention. The block diagram which shows the structure of 3rd Embodiment of the waste pyrolysis processing system which concerns on this invention. The block diagram which shows the structure of 4th Embodiment of the waste pyrolysis processing system which concerns on this invention. The block diagram which shows the structure of 5th Embodiment of the waste pyrolysis processing system which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Oilization system 11 ... Kiln (pyrolysis device)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Oil generation apparatus 13 ... Oil recovery tank 14 ... Distillation apparatus 2 ... Nanocarbon production apparatus 20 ... Electric furnace 21 ... Substrate 22 ... Core tube 23 ... Heating apparatus 30 ... Carrier gas supply part 31 ... Argon gas cylinder 32 ... Hydrogen gas cylinder 40 ... Benzene container 51 ... Pyrolysis device 56 ... Jet scrubber 57 ... Buffer tank 58 ... Decomposition oil cooler

Claims (8)

An oil conversion system comprising a thermal decomposition apparatus for thermally decomposing PET (polyethylene terephthalate) waste, and an oil conversion apparatus for converting the gas generated by the thermal decomposition apparatus into oil;
Equipped with a nanocarbon generator or / and a carbon black generator,
Add slaked lime or quick lime to the pyrolyzer,
Waste produced by introducing a production oil mainly composed of benzene obtained by the oil conversion system into the nanocarbon generation apparatus and / or carbon black generation apparatus to generate nanocarbon or / and carbon black. Pyrolysis treatment system. The waste pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 1 , wherein a product oil mainly composed of benzene is recovered by further pyrolyzing the pyrolysis residue obtained by the pyrolyzer. The waste pyrolysis according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the pyrolysis apparatus is configured to hold a molded ball containing a catalyst component in the pyrolysis furnace and to rotate the furnace. Processing system. The oiling system is
The thermal decomposition apparatus, a jet scrubber connected to the thermal decomposition apparatus and having a function of cooling and condensing the pyrolysis gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus at high speed, and being connected to the jet scrubber and condensing in the jet scrubber It consists of a buffer tank that temporarily stores the condensed oil components and deposits and removes impurities,
The waste pyrolysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a part of the cracked oil that has passed through the buffer tank is circulated to the jet scrubber. The waste pyrolysis treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein a catalytic vapor phase growth method is used in the nanocarbon generation device or the carbon black generation device. The pyrolysis apparatus has a two-stage configuration,
2. The pyrolysis residue obtained in the first stage pyrolysis apparatus is introduced into the second stage pyrolysis apparatus and further pyrolyzed to recover as a product oil mainly composed of benzene.
The waste thermal decomposition treatment system according to any one of claims 5 to 5 . The waste pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 6 , wherein nanocarbon and / or carbon black is collected by one or both of the first-stage pyrolysis apparatus and the second-stage pyrolysis apparatus. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) waste is obtained by an oil conversion system including a thermal decomposition apparatus in which slaked lime or quicklime is added and thermally decomposed, and an oil conversion apparatus that converts the gas generated by the thermal decomposition apparatus into oil. A waste pyrolysis method characterized in that the produced oil mainly composed of benzene is introduced into a nanocarbon generator or / and carbon black generator to produce nanocarbon or / and carbon black.

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