JP4955020B2 - 4サイクルエンジン - Google Patents
4サイクルエンジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP4955020B2 JP4955020B2 JP2008557133A JP2008557133A JP4955020B2 JP 4955020 B2 JP4955020 B2 JP 4955020B2 JP 2008557133 A JP2008557133 A JP 2008557133A JP 2008557133 A JP2008557133 A JP 2008557133A JP 4955020 B2 JP4955020 B2 JP 4955020B2
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- cylinder
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- valve
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 54
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
- F01L1/267—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder with means for varying the timing or the lift of the valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
- F01L13/0026—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio by means of an eccentric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
- F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B31/00—Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
- F02B33/42—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with driven apparatus for immediate conversion of combustion gas pressure into pressure of fresh charge, e.g. with cell-type pressure exchangers
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- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
- F02D13/0207—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing valve lift or valve lift and timing
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- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0242—Variable control of the exhaust valves only
- F02D13/0246—Variable control of the exhaust valves only changing valve lift or valve lift and timing
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- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0273—Multiple actuations of a valve within an engine cycle
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
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- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/006—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] using internal EGR
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3035—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/01—Internal exhaust gas recirculation, i.e. wherein the residual exhaust gases are trapped in the cylinder or pushed back from the intake or the exhaust manifold into the combustion chamber without the use of additional passages
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- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
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- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
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- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
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- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
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- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
- F01L2001/0537—Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
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- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
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- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
- F01L2800/10—Providing exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/107—More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
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- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/12—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with compression ignition
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- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B2023/106—Tumble flow, i.e. the axis of rotation of the main charge flow motion is horizontal
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- F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
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- F02B23/104—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on a side position of the cylinder
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- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
1e 排気ポート
2a,2d 排気管
20 二次空気供給機構
21 二次空気供給通路
22a〜22d 二次空気制御弁
23 補助過給機
31 主過給機
36 ターボ過給機
40 ブローダウン過給機構
IN 吸気弁
EX 排気弁
♯1気筒(第2気筒)
♯4気筒(第1気筒)
図1〜図7は本発明の第1実施形態による4サイクルエンジンを説明するための図であり、図1は全体構成図、図2は該エンジンの断面側面図、図3は動弁機構の平面模式図、図4は切換機構の模式図、図5〜図7は動作説明図である。
Claims (5)
- 気筒内に新気及びEGRガスを導入するように構成された4サイクルエンジンにおいて、
第1気筒の膨張行程の排気弁開時期の燃焼室内圧力(以下、排気ブローダウン圧力、と記す)を利用して、該第1気筒と燃焼タイミングの異なる第2気筒の吸気行程から圧縮行程の下死点付近においてEGRガスを該第2気筒内に導入するブローダウン過給機構と、
上記排気ブローダウン圧力の上記第2気筒への到達に先立って該第2気筒の排気ポートに二次空気を供給する二次空気供給機構とを備え、
上記第1気筒からの排気ブローダウン圧力により上記排気ポート内の二次空気及びEGRガスを上記第2気筒内に過給することを特徴とする4サイクルエンジン。 - 請求項1において、上記二次空気供給機構は、吸気系と各気筒の上記排気ポートとを連通接続する二次空気供給通路と、該二次空気供給通路に介設された二次空気制御弁と、該二次空気供給通路の二次空気制御弁より上流側に介設され、電動モータ又はエンジン出力で駆動される補助過給機とを備えていることを特徴とする4サイクルエンジン。
- 請求項1において、上記エンジンは、電動モータ又はエンジン出力で駆動される主過給機が介設された吸気系を備え、大気圧以上の加圧新気を各気筒内に供給するように構成されており、
上記二次空気供給機構は、上記吸気系から供給された加圧新気を、排気弁及び吸気弁の両方が開いているオーバーラップ期間に排気ポート側に吹き抜けさせて排気ポート内に供給するように構成されていることを特徴とする4サイクルエンジン。 - 請求項1において、上記エンジンは、該エンジンからの排気ガスで駆動されるターボ過給機が介設された吸気系を備え、少なくとも高負荷運転域では大気圧以上の加圧新気を各気筒内に供給するように構成されており、
上記二次空気供給機構は、吸気系と各気筒の上記排気ポートとを連通接続する二次空気供給通路と、該二次空気供給通路に介設された二次空気制御弁と、該二次空気供給通路の二次空気制御弁より上流側に介設され、電動モータ又はエンジン出力で駆動される補助過給機とを備えていることを特徴とする4サイクルエンジン。 - 請求項1ないし4の何れかにおいて、上記ブローダウン過給機構は、第1気筒の排気ブローダウン圧力が第2気筒の排気ポートに該第2気筒の吸気行程下死点付近において到達するよう上記第1気筒の排気タイミングと該第1気筒から上記第2気筒までの排気管長が設定され、該第2気筒の排気弁が該第2気筒の吸気行程下死点付近において開弁されるよう構成されていることを特徴とする4サイクルエンジン。
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