JP4829837B2 - 複層塗膜形成方法 - Google Patents
複層塗膜形成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4829837B2 JP4829837B2 JP2007118778A JP2007118778A JP4829837B2 JP 4829837 B2 JP4829837 B2 JP 4829837B2 JP 2007118778 A JP2007118778 A JP 2007118778A JP 2007118778 A JP2007118778 A JP 2007118778A JP 4829837 B2 JP4829837 B2 JP 4829837B2
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- Prior art keywords
- coat paint
- acid
- clear coat
- group
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIGQJZSUXKXNOV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylsulfanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[S+](CC)CC KIGQJZSUXKXNOV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Description
本方法に用いられるクリヤコート塗料は、塗膜形成性樹脂成分である(A)カルボキシル基及び/又は環状酸無水基含有化合物、(B)ポリエポキシドに、並びに(C)沸点が240℃〜300℃、水に対する溶解度が20以下である有機溶剤を含有し、(C)成分を、(A)成分及び(B)成分の総量に対して、2〜20質量%含有するクリヤコート塗料である。
カルボキシル基及び/又は環状酸無水基含有化合物(A)
本方法のクリヤコート塗料に用いられる化合物(A)は、カルボキシル基及び/又は環状酸無水基を含有する化合物である。該化合物は、1分子中にカルボキシル基を2個以上含有するポリカルボン酸化合物、1分子中に環状酸無水基を1個以上含有する環状酸無水物化合物、1分子中にカルボキシル基及び環状酸無水基をそれぞれ1個以上含有するカルボキシル基含有環状酸無水物化合物などが包含される。
酸無水基含有ビニルモノマー及び必要に応じて前記その他のビニルモノマーをラジカル重合させてなる(共)重合体をアルコール(アセトール、アリルアルコール、プロパギルアルコール、メタノールなど)でハーフエステル化させたもの;
ここで、ハーフエステル化とは、酸無水基にモノアルコールを付加し、開環させる反応のことである。ハーフエステル化により、カルボキシル基とカルボン酸エステル基とからなる基が生成する。以下、この基を単にハーフエステル基ということがある。
水酸基含有ビニルモノマーを必須成分としかつ必要に応じて前記その他のビニルモノマーをラジカル(共)重合させてなる水酸基含有(共)重合体を酸無水物化合物(無水コハク酸など)でハーフエステル化させたものなどをあげることができる。
本発明のクリヤコート塗料に用いられるポリエポキシド(B)は1分子中に平均約2個以上のエポキシ基を有する樹脂である。該ポリエポキシドとしては従来から公知のものが使用できるが、塗膜の仕上り外観、耐候性、耐酸性などの諸性能の良好な硬化塗膜が得られることから、1分子中に平均約2〜50個のエポキシ基を有するアクリル系樹脂を好適に使用することができる。
有機溶剤(C)
本発明のクリヤコート塗料に用いられる有機溶剤(C)は、沸点が240℃〜300℃で、水に対する溶解度が20以下の有機溶剤である。上記条件を満たすものであれば、特に制限されることなく使用することができる。
オニウム塩は窒素、リン、イオウなどのような孤立電子対をもつ元素を含む化合物において、これらの孤立電子対にプロトンあるいは他の陽イオン形の化合物が配位結合してなる化合物である。
潜在性硬化触媒(D)
本発明で用いられるクリヤコートの触媒としては、クリヤコート塗料の電気抵抗値の低下による静電塗装適性の低下を防ぎ、塗料の貯蔵性を向上させる観点から、(a)3級アミン及び(b)酸性リン酸エステルから構成される潜在性硬化触媒(D)を使用するのが好ましい。潜在性硬化触媒(D)において、(a)成分及び(b)成分は、混合物又は反応物のいずれであってもよい。
これらジメチルアルキル3級アミンのうち、N,N−ジメチルココアルキルアミン、N,N−ジメチル硬化牛脂アルキルアミンを好適に使用することができる。
これらのうち、特に好ましいものとして、ジフェニルホスフェートをあげることができる。
ルキル基の炭素原子数が8〜24である、メチルジアルキル3級アミン又はジメチルアルキル3級アミンと、ジフェニルホスフェート又はビス(エチルヘキシル)ホスフェートの組合せをあげることができる。
また、クリヤコート塗料には、必要に応じて、透明性を阻害しない程度の量の、着色顔料、体質顔料、光輝性顔料等の公知の顔料を使用することができる。
ベースコート塗料
本方法に用いられるベースコート塗料は、クリヤコート塗膜と共に複層塗膜を構成するベースコート塗膜を形成させるための塗料である。
ベースコート塗料の塗装時の固形分濃度は、好ましくは10〜60質量%、さらに好ましくは15〜50質量%である。
本方法は、被塗物に、ベースコート塗料を塗装してベースコート塗膜を形成し、該未硬化のベースコート塗膜上に、クリヤコート塗料を塗装してクリヤコート塗膜を形成し、ベースコート塗膜及びクリヤコート塗膜を同時に加熱硬化する複層塗膜形成方法であって、クリヤコート塗料として、前述のクリヤコート塗料を塗装することを特徴とする複層塗膜形成方法である。
被塗物
本方法を適用する被塗物としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、冷延鋼板、亜鉛メッキ鋼板、亜鉛合金メッキ鋼板、ステンレス鋼板、錫メッキ鋼板等の鋼板、アルミニウム板、アルミニウム合金板等の金属基材;各種プラスチック素材等が好ましい。また、これらにより形成される自動車、二輪車、コンテナ等の各種車両の車体等であってもよい。
更に、被塗物としては、上記車体、金属基材等に、各種電着塗料等の下塗り塗膜及び/又は中塗り塗膜が形成されたものであってもよい。
ベースコート塗料の塗装
本方法においては、まず、上記被塗物にベースコート塗料を塗装する。ベースコート塗料の塗装は、例えば、自動車外板のような金属製及び/又はプラスチツク製の被塗物に直接、又はカチオン電着塗料などの下塗塗料及び場合によりさらに中塗塗料を塗装し、硬化させた塗膜に対して、例えば、ベースコート塗料を20℃において、フォードカップ粘度計No.4を用いて15〜60秒程度の粘度に調整し、エアレススプレー、エアスプレー、回転霧化塗装などの塗装法により行なうことができる。塗装の際、必要に応じて静電印加を行なってもよい。
ベースコート塗料の塗装後、未硬化のベースコート塗膜上に、前述のクリヤコート塗料の塗装が行なわれる。クリヤコート塗料の塗装は、特に限定されずベースコート塗料と同様の方法で行うことができ、例えば、エアスプレー、エアレススプレー、回転霧化塗装、カーテンコート塗装などの塗装方法により行なうことができる。これらの塗装方法は、必要に応じて、静電印加してもよい。これらのうち静電印加による回転霧化塗装が好ましい。クリヤコート塗料の塗布量は、通常、硬化膜厚として、10〜50μm程度となる量とするのが好ましい。
複層塗膜の加熱硬化
未硬化のベースコート塗膜上にクリヤコート塗膜を形成させた後(必要に応じてさらにクリヤコート塗膜の形成後、揮発成分の揮散を促進するために、例えば、50〜80℃程度の温度で3〜10分間程度のプレヒートを行なうこともできる。)ついで、ベースコート塗膜及びクリヤコート塗膜が同時に加熱硬化される。加熱は公知の手段により行うことができ、例えば、熱風炉、電気炉、赤外線誘導加熱炉等の乾燥炉を適用できる。加熱温度は、80〜180℃、好ましくは100〜160℃の範囲内にあることが適している。加熱時間は、特に制限されるものではないが、10〜40分間の範囲内であるのが好適である。
カルボキシル基含有化合物(A)の製造例
製造例1
撹拌装置、温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入口を備えた四つ口フラスコに、「スワゾール1000」(炭化水素系有機溶剤;コスモ石油(株)製、商品名)680部を仕込み、窒素ガス通気下で125℃に昇温した。125℃に達した後、窒素ガスの通気を止め、下記モノマー、溶剤及び重合開始剤からなる組成のモノマー混合物を均等に4時間かけて滴下した。尚、p−tert−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエートは重合開始剤である。
シクロヘキシルメタクリレート 500部
イソブチルメタクリレート 500部
無水マレイン酸 500部
プロピオン酸2−エトキシエチル 1000部
p−tert−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート 100部
次いで、125℃で窒素ガスを通気しながら30分間熟成させた後、更に、p−tert−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート10部及び「スワゾール1000」80部との混合物を1時間かけて滴下した。その後、60℃に冷却し、メタノール490部とトリエチルアミン4部を加え、4時間加熱還流下、ハーフエステル化反応を行なった。その後、余分なメタノール326部を減圧下で除去し、カルボキシル基含有化合物(a−1)の溶液を得た。
撹拌装置、温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入口を備えた四つ口フラスコに、「スワゾール1000」(炭化水素系有機溶剤;コスモ石油(株)製、商品名)650部を仕込み、窒素ガス通気下で125℃に昇温した。125℃に達した後、窒素ガスの通気を止め、下記モノマー、溶剤及び重合開始剤からなる組成のモノマー混合物を均等に4時間かけて滴下した。
n−ブチルメタクリレート 1000部
n−ブチルアクリレート 600部
スチレン 60部
アクリル酸 300部
プロピオン酸2−エトキシエチル900部
p−tert−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート 100部
次いで、125℃で窒素ガスを通気しながら30分間熟成させた後、更に、p−tert−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート10部及び「スワゾール1000」80部との混合物を1時間かけて滴下した。その後、更に30分間熟成させることにより、
カルボキシル基含有化合物(a−2)の溶液を得た。
撹拌装置、温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入口を備えた四ツ口フラスコに、1,6−ヘキサンジオール566部、トリメチロールプロパン437部、アジピン酸467部、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸308部を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下で180℃に昇温し、その後、3時間かけて230℃まで昇温し、230℃で1時間反応させた後、キシレンを加えて還流下で反応させた。樹脂酸価が3mgKOH/g以下となったことを確認後、100℃に冷却してヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸1294部を加え、再び140℃に昇温して2時間反応させて、冷却後、キシレンで希釈して、カルボキシル基含有化合物(a−3)の溶液を得た。
ポリエポキシド(B)の製造例
製造例4
撹拌機、温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入口を装備した四つ口フラスコに、キシレン410部及びn−ブタノール77部を仕込み、窒素ガス通気下で125℃に昇温した。125℃に達した後、窒素ガスの通気を止め、下記モノマーと重合開始剤からなる組成のモノマー混合物を均等に4時間かけて滴下した。尚、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルは重合開始剤である。
n−ブチルアクリレート 720部(50%)
スチレン 288部(20%)
アゾビスイソブチロニトリル 72部
次いで、125℃で窒素ガスを通気しながら30分間熟成しさせたあと、更にキシレン90部、n−ブタノール40部及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリル14.4部の混合物を2時間かけて滴下して、その後2時間熟成して、ポリエポキシド(b−1)の溶液を得た。
クリヤコート塗料の製造例
製造例5〜13及び比較製造例1〜7
上記製造例1〜4で得られた重合体及び後記表1に記載の原材料を用いて、後記表1に示す配合にて回転翼式攪拌機を用いて攪拌して混合し、塗料化を行い各クリヤコート塗料No.1〜16を得た。なお、表1に示すクリヤコート塗料の配合は各成分(溶剤溶剤(C)を除く)の固形分質量比である。
(*1)アーミンM2C:LION AKZO社製、N−メチルジココアルキルアミン(3級アミン、主成分;アルキル基炭素原子数が12の成分(60%)、14の成分(22%)、16の成分(8%)、10の成分(7%))。
(*2)TBAB:LION AKZO社製、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロマイド。
(*3)リン酸エステル:ジフェニルホスフェート。
(*4)BYK−300:商品名、ビックケミー社製、表面調整剤。
(*5)有機溶剤C−1:ジエチレングリコールモノ−2−エチルヘキシルエーテル
(*6)有機溶剤C−2:ジエチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル
(*7)有機溶剤C−3:2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサン−ジオール
(*8)有機溶剤C−4:トリプロピレングリコールモノ−n−ブチルエーテル
(*9)有機溶剤C−5:トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
(*10)有機溶剤C−6:エチレングリコールモノ−2−エチルヘキシルエーテル
(*11)有機溶剤C−7:エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル
(*12)有機溶剤C−8:テトラエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
また、上記(*5)〜(*12)の有機溶剤C−1〜C−8の沸点及び水に対する溶解度を後記表2に示す。
電気抵抗値:上記粘調を行なったクリヤコート塗料を試料とし、ランズバーグテスターを用いて、体積固有抵抗値を測定した。
貯蔵安定性:別途、クリヤコート塗料をフォードカップNo.4で35秒(20℃)の粘度になるようにスワゾール1000を添加して希釈したクリヤコート塗料を調整し、60℃で、16時間密閉状態で貯蔵した後の粘度を再度、フォードカップNo.4(20℃)で測定した。
実施例1〜9及び比較例1〜7
なお、以下の試験においては、リン酸亜鉛化成処理を施した厚さ0.8mmのダル鋼板上に、エレクロン9600(関西ペイント社製、商品名、熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂系カチオン電着塗料)を膜厚が20μmになるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分間加熱し硬化させ、その上にアミラックTP−65−2(関西ペイント社製、商品名、ポリエステル樹脂・メラミン樹脂系自動車中塗り塗料)を膜厚35μmとなるようにエアスプレー塗装し、140℃で30分間加熱硬化させたものを被塗物とした。
耐ワキ性
11cm×30cmの大きさとした被塗物の中塗り塗膜面に20℃におけるフォードカップ粘度測定で30秒の粘度に調整された水性ベースコート(WBC713T#1E7、商品名、関西ペイント社製、アクリル・メラミン樹脂系自動車用水性ベースコート塗料、シルバー塗色)を回転式霧化静電塗装機を用いて吐出量300cc、回転数25,000rpm、シェ−ピングエア圧1.5kg/cm2、ガン距離30cm、ブース温湿度25℃/75%で、膜厚15μmとなるように塗装し、2分間放置後、80℃で3分間プレヒートを行なった。次いでその未硬化塗面に上記粘調後の各クリヤコート塗料をミニベル型回転式霧化静電塗装機を用い、吐出量200cc、回転数40,000rpm、シェ−ピングエア圧1kg/cm2、ガン距離30cm、ブース温湿度25℃/75%で、膜厚40μmとなるように塗装し、3分間経過後、140℃で30分間加熱してこの両塗膜を同時に硬化させることにより試験板を作製した。得られた各試験板に発生したワキによる気泡跡の個数により耐ワキ性の評価を行なった。
塗面平滑性
上記耐ワキ性の試験板の作製において、クリヤコート塗料を塗装し、10分間経過後、140℃で30分間の加熱を開始する以外は同様にして試験板を作製し、得られた各試験板につき、「Wave Scan」(商品名、BYK Gardner社製)を用いて、Long Wave値(LW)及びShort Wave値(SW)を測定することにより塗面平滑性の評価を行なった。
上記耐ワキ性の試験板の作製において、被塗物として、11cm×45cmの大きさで端部から3cmの部分に、直径5mmのポンチ孔を、2cm間隔で21個一列状に設けたものを使用し、クリヤコート塗料を長尺方向にほぼ30μm〜60μmの膜厚勾配をつけて塗装し、該塗装板を垂直にして、クリヤコート塗料塗装後7分経過後、加熱を開始する以外は同様にして試験板を作製した。得られた各試験板のポンチ孔から2mmの塗膜のタレが観察される位置を調べ、該位置の膜厚(タレ限界膜厚(μm))を測定することにより、耐タレ性の評価を行なった。タレ限界膜厚が大きいほど耐タレ性は良好であることを示す。
Claims (3)
- 被塗物に、ベースコート塗料を塗装してベースコート塗膜を形成し、該未硬化のベースコート塗膜上に、クリヤコート塗料を塗装してクリヤコート塗膜を形成し、ベースコート塗膜及びクリヤコート塗膜を同時に加熱硬化する複層塗膜形成方法において、該クリヤコート塗料が、(A)カルボキシル基及び/又は環状酸無水基含有化合物、(B)ポリエポキシド、並びに(C)沸点が240℃〜300℃、水に対する溶解度が20以下である有機溶剤を含有するクリヤコート塗料であって、(C)成分の配合割合が、(A)成分及び(B)成分の総量を基準にして、2〜20質量%であることを特徴とする複層塗膜形成方法。
- クリヤコート塗料が、さらに(D)(a)3級アミン及び(b)酸性リン酸エステルで構成される潜在性硬化触媒を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 3級アミン(a)として、一般式(R1R2R3N)(R1、R2及びR3は炭化水素基であって、同一もしくは異なっていてもよく、また、R1、R2及びR3のうちの少なくとも1つが炭素原子数8以上の炭化水素基であって、該炭化水素基の水素原子はハロゲン原子又は水酸基で置換されていてもよい)で表わされる化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
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GB0807613A GB2450775B (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-04-25 | Multilayer coating film-forming method |
US12/149,042 US8048491B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-04-25 | Multilayer coating film-forming method |
CN2008100948545A CN101293238B (zh) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-04-28 | 多层涂膜形成方法 |
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JP5280170B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-03 | 2013-09-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 乾燥炉及び乾燥炉における乾燥方法 |
JP2012143671A (ja) * | 2011-01-07 | 2012-08-02 | Kanto Auto Works Ltd | つや消し塗膜の形成方法 |
US20130065061A1 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-14 | Nichiha Corporation | Building board and building board production method |
CN103031923B (zh) * | 2011-10-08 | 2016-05-11 | 日吉华株式会社 | 建筑板及建筑板的制造方法 |
JP5948164B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-28 | 2016-07-06 | Basfジャパン株式会社 | 複層塗膜形成方法 |
US20140072717A1 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-13 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Polyepoxide-polyacid coating compositions, related coating processes and coated substrates |
CN105940060B (zh) | 2013-12-10 | 2018-06-05 | 巴斯夫涂料有限公司 | 用于浸涂导电基底的包含铋和含磷胺封端化合物的水性涂料组合物 |
JP6156878B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2017-07-05 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 静電塗装用塗料組成物 |
CN103832028A (zh) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-06-04 | 温州泰升表面处理科技有限公司 | 一种新型的多涂实色涂料组合层 |
JP6451376B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-20 | 2019-01-16 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 低屈折率膜形成用液組成物 |
WO2016117592A1 (ja) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-28 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 低屈折率膜形成用液組成物 |
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US4755581A (en) * | 1986-08-21 | 1988-07-05 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Thermosetting high solids coating composition of epoxies, polyols and anhydrides |
DE4132430A1 (de) * | 1991-09-28 | 1993-04-01 | Basf Lacke & Farben | Waessrige lacke und verfahren zur herstellung von automobildecklackierungen |
JP3236677B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-27 | 2001-12-10 | 三井化学株式会社 | 熱硬化性粉体塗料用組成物 |
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JP2683846B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-24 | 1997-12-03 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 上塗り塗膜形成方法 |
JP3472629B2 (ja) | 1993-09-14 | 2003-12-02 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 硬化性樹脂組成物 |
JP3505284B2 (ja) * | 1994-08-11 | 2004-03-08 | 三井化学株式会社 | 熱硬化性粉体塗料、それを用いた塗装方法及び塗装された物 |
JPH09100439A (ja) * | 1995-10-05 | 1997-04-15 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | 上塗用ベースコート塗料組成物及びその塗装方法 |
WO1997023306A1 (de) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-07-03 | Basf Coatings Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von mehrschichtigen überzügen |
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JP2002248422A (ja) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-03 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | 塗膜形成方法 |
BRPI0721288A2 (pt) * | 2006-12-19 | 2014-03-25 | Basf Coatings Ag | Agente de revestimento com resistência a arranhões e estabilidade ao intemperismo elevadas |
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