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JP4803376B2 - Camera tampering detection method - Google Patents

Camera tampering detection method Download PDF

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JP4803376B2
JP4803376B2 JP2006258022A JP2006258022A JP4803376B2 JP 4803376 B2 JP4803376 B2 JP 4803376B2 JP 2006258022 A JP2006258022 A JP 2006258022A JP 2006258022 A JP2006258022 A JP 2006258022A JP 4803376 B2 JP4803376 B2 JP 4803376B2
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JP2008077517A (en
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諒子 豊田
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サクサ株式会社
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/046Monitoring of the detection circuits prevention of tampering with detection circuits
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras

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  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Description

本発明は、カメラ妨害検知方式に関し、特に、画像処理によりカメラ妨害を検知する方式に関する。   The present invention relates to a camera tampering detection method, and more particularly to a method for detecting camera tampering by image processing.

監視カメラを用いたセキュリティ装置において、監視員が監視カメラ画像のモニタを常時チェックし続けることは難しい。そのため、異常が起きた映像のみを録画保存する監視装置システムは多く考えられている。異常現象として、例えば、侵入者やカメラ妨害や照明変化がある。カメラ妨害にも種々のものがある。カメラの信号線が切断された場合には、画像信号線からの信号が無くなることで検出する。電源線を切断された場合は、断線で判断して警告を発する。以下に、これに関連する従来技術の例をいくつかあげる。   In a security device using a surveillance camera, it is difficult for a surveillance staff to constantly check the surveillance camera image monitor. For this reason, many monitoring apparatus systems that record and store only video in which an abnormality has occurred are considered. Examples of abnormal phenomena include intruders, camera obstructions, and lighting changes. There are various types of camera interference. When the signal line of the camera is cut, it is detected by the absence of the signal from the image signal line. When the power line is disconnected, a warning is issued based on the disconnection. Below are some examples of prior art related to this.

特許文献1に開示された「監視用カメラに対する撮影妨害の検出方法」は、監視用カメラに対する撮影妨害を自動的に検出して対処させる方法である。図3(a)に示すように、CPU、ROM、RAM、演算プロセッサ、フレームメモリ、通信制御部より成る第1の監視装置で、監視用カメラにより撮影した監視対象物の静止画像を圧縮処理して、画像データとして送信する。CPU、ROM、RAM、演算プロセッサ、フレームメモリ、表示装置、通信制御部、警報装置より成る第2の監視装置で、第1の監視装置からの画像データを、通信回線を介して受信して伸張処理を施し、監視対象物の静止画像に復元して表示させて監視を行う。監視用カメラにより撮影した画像を、第1の監視装置で圧縮処理した画像データのデータ量が、予め設定してあるデータ量の閾値より減少したことが検出されたときは、監視カメラによる撮影に異状が発生したことを、第2の監視装置により表示・警報する。   The “photographing disturbance detection method for the surveillance camera” disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method for automatically detecting and coping with the imaging disturbance for the surveillance camera. As shown in FIG. 3 (a), a first monitoring device comprising a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an arithmetic processor, a frame memory, and a communication control unit compresses a still image of a monitoring object photographed by a monitoring camera. And transmitted as image data. A second monitoring device consisting of a CPU, ROM, RAM, arithmetic processor, frame memory, display device, communication control unit, and alarm device. Receives and decompresses image data from the first monitoring device via a communication line. Processing is performed to restore and display the still image of the monitored object for monitoring. When it is detected that the data amount of the image data obtained by compressing the image captured by the monitoring camera by the first monitoring device is smaller than a preset threshold value of the data amount, the image is captured by the monitoring camera. The occurrence of the abnormality is displayed / alarmed by the second monitoring device.

特許文献2に開示された「監視カメラシステム」は、監視カメラの視野が妨害された場合に、これを検出して警報を出力するものである。図3(b)に示すように、妨害検出手段で、撮像手段の視野が妨害されたか否かを検出する。妨害検出手段の検出結果に基づいて、警報手段で警報を出力する。   The “surveillance camera system” disclosed in Patent Document 2 detects and outputs an alarm when the visual field of the surveillance camera is obstructed. As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the disturbance detection means detects whether or not the field of view of the imaging means is obstructed. Based on the detection result of the interference detection means, the alarm means outputs an alarm.

特許文献3に開示された「画像監視装置」は、監視領域の監視中に、撮像手段や動き検出部の異常発生やいたずらに伴う異常が生じたかどうかを自己診断できる画像監視装置である。図3(c)に示すように、CCDカメラで、エレベータのかご内を撮像する。CCDカメラで得た画像データを、画像圧縮部で圧縮する。圧縮した画像データを、画像格納部に格納する。かご内の状態変化を、動き検出部で検出する。画像圧縮部か画像格納部から、異なる時点での2つの圧縮画像データを取り込む。診断手段で画像データ量を比較して診断する。動き検出部でかご内の状態変化を検出する前後の圧縮画像データ量を比較して、撮像異常判定部によりCCDカメラの異常を検出する。かご内の状態変化を検出していないときに圧縮画像データ量の変化を検出すると、検出異常判定部により、動き検出部が異常であると判定する。   The “image monitoring apparatus” disclosed in Patent Document 3 is an image monitoring apparatus that can self-diagnose whether an abnormality has occurred in an imaging unit or a motion detection unit or a mischief has occurred during monitoring of a monitoring area. As shown in FIG.3 (c), the inside of an elevator car is imaged with a CCD camera. The image data obtained by the CCD camera is compressed by the image compression unit. The compressed image data is stored in the image storage unit. A state change in the car is detected by the motion detector. Two pieces of compressed image data at different time points are fetched from the image compression unit or the image storage unit. Diagnosis is made by comparing the amount of image data with a diagnostic means. The motion detection unit compares the amount of compressed image data before and after the state change in the car is detected, and the imaging abnormality determination unit detects an abnormality of the CCD camera. If a change in the compressed image data amount is detected when no change in the state of the car is detected, the detection abnormality determination unit determines that the motion detection unit is abnormal.

特許文献4に開示された「監視カメラシステム」は、監視カメラの視野が妨害された場合にこれを検出して、警報を出力するものである。妨害検出手段で、撮像手段の視野が妨害されたか否かを検出する。妨害検出手段の検出結果に基づいて、警報手段で警報を出力する。妨害検出手段は、監視領域の照度を検出する照度センサーを備えている。撮像手段にて撮像した画像の輝度値が所定値以下になった場合で、かつ照度センサーにて検出した照度が所定値以上の場合に、妨害行為として検出する。   The “surveillance camera system” disclosed in Patent Document 4 detects an obstacle in the visual field of the surveillance camera and outputs an alarm. The disturbance detection means detects whether or not the field of view of the imaging means is obstructed. Based on the detection result of the interference detection means, the alarm means outputs an alarm. The interference detection means includes an illuminance sensor that detects the illuminance of the monitoring area. When the luminance value of the image picked up by the image pickup means is equal to or lower than a predetermined value and when the illuminance detected by the illuminance sensor is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, it is detected as a disturbing action.

特許文献5に開示された「妨害検知機能付監視カメラ」は、映像信号の中から、監視領域の明るさの変化の影響を受けずに、画面の解像度の悪化状態を正確に検出するものである。図3(d)に示すように、映像信号中の2MHz〜5MHzの信号成分の減少によって、高周波輪郭信号の変化を検出するフォーカス良否検出部を設ける。監視カメラのレンズ面へ半透明な遮光物を貼り付けられた状態を的確に検出できる。   The “surveillance camera with disturbance detection function” disclosed in Patent Document 5 accurately detects a deterioration state of the resolution of a screen from a video signal without being affected by a change in brightness of a monitoring area. is there. As shown in FIG. 3D, a focus quality detection unit is provided that detects a change in the high-frequency contour signal due to a decrease in signal components of 2 MHz to 5 MHz in the video signal. It is possible to accurately detect a state where a translucent light-shielding object is attached to the lens surface of the surveillance camera.

特許文献6に開示された「カメラ監視装置」は、真の異常発生と環境変化によるものとの区別を、比較的簡易な処理で実現する背景差分方式によるカメラ監視装置である。図3(e)に示すように、カメラよりのアナログ映像信号は、A/D変換部でディジタル映像信号に変換される。画像メモリの背景画像用メモリ部及び入力画像用メモリ部に格納される。同画像メモリの格納データそれぞれをもとに、画像処理部において背景画像に対する入力画像の差分が所定の閾値を超える領域を抽出する。その領域の時間変化をシステムメモリに蓄積する。これら画像処理部及びシステムメモリそれぞれにおけるデータをもとに、判定部において異常の有無を判定する。この判定部は、所定の閾値を超える領域の大きさ、その時間変化等から、照明等の環境変化、侵入者等、カメラに対する妨害又は映像入力断等のいずれであるかを判定し、真の異常発生時には警報を発する。   The “camera monitoring device” disclosed in Patent Document 6 is a camera monitoring device based on a background difference method that realizes a distinction between a true abnormality occurrence and an environmental change by a relatively simple process. As shown in FIG. 3E, the analog video signal from the camera is converted into a digital video signal by the A / D converter. It is stored in the background image memory unit and the input image memory unit of the image memory. Based on the data stored in the image memory, the image processing unit extracts a region where the difference between the input image and the background image exceeds a predetermined threshold. The time change of the area is accumulated in the system memory. Based on the data in each of the image processing unit and the system memory, the determination unit determines whether there is an abnormality. This determination unit determines whether the environmental change such as lighting, intruder, obstruction to the camera, video input interruption, etc. from the size of the area exceeding the predetermined threshold, its time change, etc. An alarm is issued when an abnormality occurs.

特許文献7に開示された「監視カメラ妨害検知装置」は、エッジ数が異なる様々な情景においても、一部のみで明度変化が生じるような監視対象であっても、安定して妨害検知を行うものである。図3(f)に示すように、画像入力部で、入力された画像を取込む。侵入者検出部で、入力画像から侵入者を検出する。基準画像取込み部で、入力画像に対して妨害行為が行われているかどうかの判断基準となる基準画像を自動的に取込む。基準画像更新タイミング発生部で、基準画像を取込む指示信号を基準画像取込み部に与える。取り込まれている複数の基準画像の各々と入力画像との間で、画像比較部で画像特徴を比較して、画像間の不一致度を求め、最も低い不一致度を、入力画像の不一致度として出力する。入力画像の不一致度の大きさ及び時間的変化と、侵入者検出部の出力信号とに基づいて、妨害行為が行われているかどうかを、妨害判定部で判定する。   The “surveillance camera tampering detection device” disclosed in Patent Document 7 stably detects tampering even in various scenes with different numbers of edges, even for a monitoring target in which the brightness changes only in part. Is. As shown in FIG. 3F, the image input unit captures the input image. An intruder detection unit detects an intruder from the input image. The reference image capturing unit automatically captures a reference image that is a criterion for determining whether or not the input image is disturbing. A reference image update timing generation unit provides an instruction signal for acquiring a reference image to the reference image acquisition unit. The image comparison unit compares the image features between each of the captured multiple reference images and the input image to determine the degree of inconsistency between the images, and outputs the lowest degree of inconsistency as the inconsistency of the input image. To do. Based on the magnitude and temporal change of the degree of inconsistency of the input image and the output signal of the intruder detection unit, it is determined by the interference determination unit whether the interference act is being performed.

特開平09-074553号公報JP 09-074553 特開2000-222646号公報JP 2000-222646 A 特開2000-293766号公報JP 2000-293766 特開2001-218189号公報JP 2001-218189 A 特開2001-238204号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-238204 特開2001-333417号公報JP 2001-333417 A 特開2005-252479号公報JP 2005-252479 A

しかし、従来のカメラ妨害検知方式には、次のような問題がある。映像信号の有無で断線を判断する方法では、カメラレンズをふさぐ行為や、向き変えの行為など、断線以外のカメラ妨害行為が行われた場合は、認識することができない。また、異常現象は種々あるため、異常現象として録画した全ての録画映像を再生し、どの現象が起きたのかを実際に確認する必要がある。すなわち、侵入者であるのか、カメラ妨害が起きたのか、照明変化だったのか等を確認する必要があるが、従来の方法では、どのようなカメラ妨害があったのか、短時間で確認することが容易にはできない。   However, the conventional camera tampering detection method has the following problems. In the method of determining disconnection based on the presence / absence of a video signal, it is not possible to recognize a camera obstruction other than disconnection, such as an act of blocking the camera lens or an action of changing the direction. Further, since there are various abnormal phenomena, it is necessary to reproduce all the recorded images recorded as the abnormal phenomenon and actually confirm which phenomenon has occurred. In other words, it is necessary to confirm whether it is an intruder, camera obstruction, lighting change, etc., but in the conventional method, it is necessary to confirm in a short time what kind of camera obstruction occurred. Is not easy.

本発明の目的は、上記従来の問題を解決して、監視カメラ装置などにおいて、どのようなカメラ妨害行為があったかを容易に区別して確認できるようにすることである。   An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described conventional problems so that it is possible to easily distinguish and confirm what kind of camera obstruction acts have occurred in a surveillance camera device or the like.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、カメラ妨害検知方式を、基準画像を保持するメモリと、監視カメラの画像と前記基準画像を比較して画素ごとに輝度差分を算出する輝度差分算出部と、輝度差分が第1閾値以上の画素を変化画素として抽出して計数する変化画素抽出部と、画像の突然の変化を検出する突然変化検出部と、前記変化画素の数と画像の突然の変化の有無とに基づいてカメラ妨害の有無を判定するカメラ妨害判定部と、カメラ妨害を検出した場合に警告を発する警告発報部とを具備し、前記カメラ妨害判定部は、前記変化画素の数が第2閾値以上のときカメラ妨害の可能性ありと判定する手段と、画像を一色に変化させる単色化妨害を検出する単色化妨害検出手段と、画像全体のシーンを変化させる混合変化妨害を検出する混合変化妨害検出手段とを備え、前記混合変化妨害検出手段は、前記基準画像の画素の輝度に第1閾値を加えた輝度以上に明るい明変化画素の数を計数する手段と、前記基準画像の画素の輝度から第1閾値を引いた輝度以下に暗い暗変化画素の数を計数する手段と、前記明変化画素の数と前記暗変化画素の数の比率に基づいて混合変化妨害の有無を判定する手段とを備える構成とした。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention, the camera tampering detection method, a memory for holding the reference image, the luminance difference calculation unit for calculating a luminance difference by comparing the reference image and the image of the monitoring camera for each pixel When the change pixel extracting unit for counting the luminance difference by extracting the pixels of the above first threshold value as the change pixel, and the abrupt change detection unit for detecting a sudden change in the image, abrupt number and the image of the changed pixel A camera disturbance determination unit that determines the presence or absence of camera disturbance based on the presence or absence of a change, and a warning notification unit that issues a warning when camera disturbance is detected, and the camera disturbance determination unit includes: Means for determining that there is a possibility of camera interference when the number is greater than or equal to the second threshold, monochromatic interference detecting means for detecting monochromatic interference that changes the image to one color, and mixed change interference that changes the scene of the entire image Detect Mixing change disturbance detecting means, wherein the mixed change disturbance detecting means counts the number of bright change pixels that are brighter than the luminance obtained by adding a first threshold to the luminance of the pixels of the reference image; and Means for counting the number of dark change pixels less than or equal to the brightness obtained by subtracting the first threshold from the brightness of the pixels, and determining the presence or absence of mixing change interference based on the ratio of the number of bright change pixels to the number of dark change pixels And a means for carrying out.

上記のように構成したことにより、監視カメラ装置などにおけるカメラ妨害を、画像処理のみで容易に判断できる。すなわち、画像上の異常現象が、異物侵入によるものなのか、カメラ妨害によるものなのか、照明変化によるものなのかを、画像処理のアルゴリズムで判断することにより、確認したい異常現象のみを容易にチェックできるようになる。特に、カメラ妨害を異物侵入や照明変化と誤認識することなく判断できるので、カメラ妨害が多様化している状況において、あらゆるカメラ妨害行為をそれぞれ正しく識別して、適切に対応して処理することが可能になる。   With the configuration described above, camera disturbance in a monitoring camera device or the like can be easily determined only by image processing. In other words, it is easy to check only the abnormal phenomenon that you want to check by judging whether the abnormal phenomenon on the image is due to foreign object intrusion, camera obstruction, or illumination change, using the image processing algorithm. become able to. In particular, it is possible to judge camera interference without misrecognizing it as a foreign object intrusion or a change in lighting, so that in the situation where camera interference is diversified, it is possible to correctly identify and handle each camera interference act appropriately. It becomes possible.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図1と図2を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.

本発明の実施例は、監視カメラの画像と基準画像とを比較して画素ごとの輝度の差分を求め、輝度差分値が第1閾値以上であれば変化画素とし、変化画素が第2閾値以上生じた場合に、突然の変化があればカメラ妨害の種別を判定して警告を発するカメラ妨害検知方式である。   The embodiment of the present invention compares the image of the surveillance camera and the reference image to obtain a luminance difference for each pixel. If the luminance difference value is equal to or greater than the first threshold, the pixel is changed, and the changed pixel is equal to or greater than the second threshold. This is a camera tampering detection method that determines the type of camera tampering and issues a warning if a sudden change occurs.

図1は、本発明の実施例におけるカメラ妨害検知方式の機能ブロック図と、画像変化の様子を示す概念図である。図2は、カメラ妨害検知方式の処理手順を示す流れ図である。図1において、監視カメラ1は、テレビカメラである。一般にはデジタルスチルカメラなどの2次元光学センサーでもよい。画像処理部2は、撮影した画像を処理してカメラ妨害を検出する手段である。画像取得部3は、カメラから画像を取得する手段である。輝度差分算出部4は、取得した画像と基準画像を比較して、画素ごとに輝度の差分を求める手段である。変化画素抽出部5は、輝度差分が閾値以上の変化画素を抽出する手段である。突然変化検出部6は、フレーム間で閾値以上の輝度変化がある画素数が所定値以上である場合に画像に突然の変化があると判定する手段である。カメラ妨害判定部7は、輝度差分のデータを統計処理して、カメラ妨害の種別を判定する手段である。基準画像保存部8は、比較の基準となる画像を保持するメモリである。警告発報部9は、カメラ妨害を検出したことを報知する手段である。   FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the camera tampering detection method in the embodiment of the present invention and a conceptual diagram showing a state of image change. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the camera tampering detection method. In FIG. 1, the surveillance camera 1 is a television camera. In general, a two-dimensional optical sensor such as a digital still camera may be used. The image processing unit 2 is means for processing captured images to detect camera interference. The image acquisition unit 3 is means for acquiring an image from a camera. The luminance difference calculation unit 4 is a means for comparing the acquired image with a reference image to obtain a luminance difference for each pixel. The change pixel extraction unit 5 is a means for extracting change pixels having a luminance difference equal to or greater than a threshold value. The sudden change detection unit 6 is a means for determining that there is a sudden change in an image when the number of pixels having a luminance change equal to or greater than a threshold value between frames is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The camera disturbance determination unit 7 is a means for statistically processing the luminance difference data to determine the type of camera disturbance. The reference image storage unit 8 is a memory that holds an image serving as a reference for comparison. The warning notification unit 9 is a means for notifying that camera interference has been detected.

上記のように構成された本発明の実施例におけるカメラ妨害検知方式の機能と動作を説明する。最初に、カメラ妨害検知方式の機能の概要を説明する。監視カメラに対する妨害行為としては、手でカメラレンズを覆うこと、スプレーで色を塗ること、ガムテープなどの粘着物を貼り付けること、カメラの向きを変えること、カメラコードを切ることなどがある。カメラ妨害の画像上での見え方は大きく分けて2種類になる。第1の単色変化は、手でカメラレンズを覆うこと、スプレーで色を塗ること、ガムテープなどの粘着物を貼り付けること、カメラコードを切ることなどの妨害行為の際に見られる画像変化で、画像が一色に変化する態様である。第2の混合変化は、カメラの向きを変えるなどの妨害行為の際に見られる画像変化で、基準画像と比較すると明るくなっている部分と暗くなっている部分が入り乱れた変化になる態様である。画面を縞模様や砂嵐に変える妨害の場合も、同様に混合変化である。   The function and operation of the camera tampering detection method in the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described. First, an overview of the functions of the camera tampering detection method will be described. Obstructive actions for surveillance cameras include covering the camera lens with hands, painting with spray, applying adhesive such as gummed tape, changing the direction of the camera, and cutting the camera cord. There are roughly two types of camera obstructions on the image. The first monochromatic change is the image change seen during obstructions such as covering the camera lens with your hand, painting with spray, sticking adhesive such as gummed tape, cutting the camera cord, In this aspect, the image changes to a single color. The second mixed change is an image change that is observed during a disturbing action such as changing the direction of the camera, and is a mode in which a brighter portion and a darker portion become mixed changes compared to the reference image. . In the case of disturbances that change the screen to striped patterns or sandstorms, it is a mixed change as well.

設置された監視カメラにこのような妨害が加えられた場合に、画像処理によりカメラ妨害行為が行われたことを検知し警告を発する。カメラ妨害行為が行なわれた場合に、あらかじめ取り込んだ基準画像と比較することにより、どのように基準画像と変化したかを判別し、照明変化や突然の日照変化をカメラ妨害と誤判断することなく、カメラ妨害行為のみを正しく判断して警告を発する。侵入者検知等の画像処理を用いた監視システムにおいて、カメラ妨害を検知するための別の装置や手段を用いることなく、画像処理のみでカメラ妨害を判断できる。また、監視カメラの映像をカメラ妨害種別などの情報とともに記録しておくことで、カメラ妨害の種別や異物の侵入などの区別をキーとして検索することにより、特定の異常状態の発生のみを簡単に素早く選び出すことができる。   When such a disturbance is applied to the installed surveillance camera, it detects that a camera disturbance act has been performed by image processing and issues a warning. When camera obstruction is performed, it is compared with the reference image captured in advance to determine how it has changed from the reference image, so that a change in lighting or sudden sunshine change is not mistaken for camera obstruction. , Issue a warning by correctly judging only the camera obstruction. In a monitoring system using image processing such as intruder detection, camera interference can be determined only by image processing without using another device or means for detecting camera interference. In addition, by recording the video of the surveillance camera together with information such as the camera disturbance type, it is possible to easily detect only the occurrence of a specific abnormal condition by searching for the distinction between the type of camera disturbance and the entry of foreign objects. You can select quickly.

具体的には、監視カメラの画像を画素ごとに基準画像と比較して輝度差分を求めて、変化画素を抽出する。基準画像としては、一定時間前の画像を用いる。1分前の画像でもよいし、1秒前の画像でもよい。固定したカメラの場合は、常に一定の画像としてもよい。輝度差分が第1閾値以上の変化画素の数を計数し、変化画素の数が第2閾値以上のとき、カメラ妨害の可能性ありと判定する。さらに、画像の突然の変化の有無を調べる。画像の突然の変化があれば、画素の輝度分散を求め、輝度分散が閾値より小さいときに単色化妨害と判定する。また、明るく変化した画素と暗く変化した画素が同程度あれば、混合変化妨害があると判定する。カメラ妨害を検出した場合に、単色化妨害発生か混合変化妨害かを区別して警告を発する。 Specifically, the brightness difference is obtained by comparing the image of the monitoring camera with the reference image for each pixel, and the change pixel is extracted. As the reference image, an image from a predetermined time is used. The image may be one minute ago or one second ago. In the case of a fixed camera, the image may always be constant. Luminance difference by counting the number of changed pixels than the first threshold, when the number of changed pixels is equal to or more than the second threshold value, determines that there is a possibility of camera tampering. Further, it is checked whether or not there is a sudden change in the image. If there is a sudden change in the image, the luminance dispersion of the pixel is obtained, and when the luminance dispersion is smaller than the threshold value, it is determined that the monochromatic interference is present. Further, if the pixels that change brightly and the pixels that change darkly are approximately the same, it is determined that there is an interfering mixture change. When a camera disturbance is detected, a warning is issued by distinguishing whether a monochromatic disturbance or a mixed change disturbance has occurred.

次に、図1(a)を参照しながら、カメラ妨害検知方式の各機能部の動作を説明する。監視カメラ1は、1台でもよいし複数台あってもよい。それぞれの監視カメラ1についてカメラ妨害を調べる。画像処理部2で画像処理し、輝度変化のある画素について統計処理して、単色変化妨害と混合変化妨害を検出する。基準画像保存部8のメモリに、比較の基準となる画像を保持しておく。画像取得部3で、監視カメラ1から画像を取得する。輝度差分算出部4で、取得した画像と基準画像を比較して、画素ごとに輝度の差分を求める。変化画素抽出部5で、輝度差分が第1閾値以上の変化画素を抽出する。突然変化検出部6では、フレーム間で閾値以上の輝度変化がある画素数が所定値以上である場合に画像に突然の変化があると判定する。カメラ妨害判定部7で、変化画素のデータから、カメラ妨害が単色化妨害か混合変化妨害かを判定する。警告発報部9で、カメラ妨害を検出したことを報知する。   Next, the operation of each functional unit of the camera tampering detection method will be described with reference to FIG. One monitoring camera 1 or a plurality of monitoring cameras 1 may be provided. Check each camera 1 for camera interference. The image processing unit 2 performs image processing, statistical processing is performed on pixels having a luminance change, and monochromatic change interference and mixed change interference are detected. An image serving as a reference for comparison is held in the memory of the reference image storage unit 8. The image acquisition unit 3 acquires an image from the monitoring camera 1. The luminance difference calculation unit 4 compares the acquired image with the reference image to obtain a luminance difference for each pixel. The change pixel extraction unit 5 extracts change pixels having a luminance difference equal to or greater than the first threshold. The sudden change detection unit 6 determines that there is a sudden change in the image when the number of pixels having a luminance change equal to or greater than a threshold value between frames is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The camera interference determination unit 7 determines whether the camera interference is a monochromatic interference or a mixed change interference from the data of the changed pixels. A warning reporting unit 9 notifies that camera interference has been detected.

次に、図1(b)〜(g)を参照しながら、画像変化の様子について説明する。(+)は、基準画像と比べて、閾値以上に明るく変化した画素の領域を示す。すなわち、(基準値+閾値)より明るい画素である。(−)は、基準画像と比べて、閾値以上に暗く変化した画素の領域を示す。すなわち、(基準値−閾値)より暗い画素である。+側の閾値と−側の閾値は、同じにしてもよいし異なる値としてもよい。図1(b)に示すように、全体が明るい方向に変化するのは、照明や日照が明るく変化した場合である。図1(c)に示すように、全体が暗い方向に変化するのは、照明や日照が暗く変化した場合である。図1(d)や(e)に示すように、一部が明るい方向に変化して一部が暗い方向に変化し、その比率が1に近い場合は、シーンが大きく変化した場合である。すなわち、カメラの向きが変化した場合である。図1(f)や(g)に示すように、一部が明るい方向に変化して一部が暗い方向に変化し、その比率が1とかなり異なる場合は、シーンの一部が大きく変化した場合である。すなわち、大きな異物が侵入した場合である。   Next, the state of image change will be described with reference to FIGS. (+) Indicates a pixel region that changes brighter than a threshold value compared to the reference image. That is, the pixel is brighter than (reference value + threshold). (-) Indicates an area of a pixel that has changed darker than a threshold value compared to the reference image. That is, the pixel is darker than (reference value−threshold). The threshold value on the + side and the threshold value on the-side may be the same or different. As shown in FIG. 1B, the whole area changes in a bright direction when the illumination and sunshine change brightly. As shown in FIG.1 (c), the whole changes to a dark direction when illumination and sunlight change darkly. As shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E, when a part changes in a bright direction and a part changes in a dark direction and the ratio is close to 1, this is a case where the scene has changed greatly. That is, this is a case where the orientation of the camera has changed. As shown in FIGS. 1 (f) and (g), when a part of the scene changes to a bright direction and a part of the scene changes to a dark direction, and the ratio is considerably different from 1, a part of the scene changes greatly. Is the case. That is, when a large foreign object has entered.

次に、図2を参照しながら、カメラ妨害検知方式の処理手順を説明する。カメラ妨害の可能性がある場合は、変化の種別を判断し警告を発する。ステップ1で、基準画像を取得する。ステップ2で、カメラから画像を取得する。ステップ3で、常時(または一定時間おきに)現在の取得画像と基準画像との各画素における輝度差分値を求める。ステップ4で、輝度差分値が第1閾値以上であれば画像上に変化があった画素とする。ステップ5で、変化があった画素をカウントする。ステップ6で、全画素について調べるまで繰り返す。   Next, the processing procedure of the camera tampering detection method will be described with reference to FIG. If there is a possibility of camera interference, the type of change is judged and a warning is issued. In step 1, a reference image is acquired. In step 2, an image is acquired from the camera. In step 3, a luminance difference value in each pixel between the current acquired image and the reference image is obtained constantly (or at regular intervals). If the luminance difference value is equal to or greater than the first threshold value in step 4, the pixel is changed on the image. In step 5, the pixels that have changed are counted. Step 6 repeats until all pixels are examined.

ステップ7で、変化画素量をチェックする。第2閾値以上の変化画素がなければ、ステップ8で、異物侵入かどうかチェックする。異物侵入でなければ終了する。異物侵入であれば、異物侵入の警告を発する。全画素に対して変化画素が第2閾値以上生じた場合にカメラ妨害や照明変化の可能性ありとする。第2閾値以上の変化画素があれば、ステップ9で、突然の変化かどうかチェックする。例えば、過去数フレームから、突然大きな変化が起きたかどうかを確認する。突然の変化がなければ、ステップ8で、異物侵入かどうかチェックする。異物侵入のチェック方法は従来と同じである。突然の変化があれば、ステップ10で、単色変化かどうか調べる。単色変化であれば、その旨の警報を出す。単色変化でなければ、ステップ11で、混合変化かどうか調べる。混合変化であれば、その旨の警報を出す。カメラ妨害の可能性がある場合は、変化の種別を判断し警告を発する。混合変化でなければ、照明変化の通知をする。   In step 7, the amount of change pixel is checked. If there is no change pixel equal to or greater than the second threshold, it is checked in step 8 whether a foreign object has entered. If no foreign object has entered, the process ends. If a foreign object has entered, a foreign object intrusion warning is issued. It is assumed that there is a possibility of camera interference or illumination change when a change pixel occurs for all the pixels at the second threshold value or more. If there is a change pixel equal to or greater than the second threshold value, it is checked in step 9 whether it is a sudden change. For example, it is confirmed whether a large change has occurred suddenly from the past several frames. If there is no sudden change, it is checked in step 8 whether a foreign object has entered. The method of checking for foreign object intrusion is the same as the conventional method. If there is a sudden change, in step 10 it is checked if it is a single color change. If it is a single color change, an alarm to that effect is issued. If it is not a single color change, it is checked in step 11 if it is a mixed change. If it is a mixed change, an alarm to that effect is issued. If there is a possibility of camera interference, the type of change is judged and a warning is issued. If it is not mixed change, notification of illumination change is given.

突然の変化かどうかのチェック方法を説明する。異物が画面遠方から近くに向かってきた場合や画面手前を横切る場合、画像上では第2閾値以上となる大きな変化になったとしても、その変化は滑らかに生じている。カメラ妨害や照明変化のような瞬間的に起きる変化とは異なる。そのため、突然の変化であるかどうかを判断し、突然の変化の場合のみ、カメラ妨害や照明変化の可能性ありとする。突然の変化であるかどうかの判断の基準は様々である。例1としては、フレーム間差分で第1閾値以上の輝度変化がある変化画素量を調べる。フレーム間差分での変化画素量が第2閾値以上ある場合に、突然の大きな変化とする。この場合の閾値は、他の閾値を用いてもよい。例2としては、過去数フレームにおいて各フレームの平均輝度値を算出し、過去数フレームに対して重みをつけた平均輝度値の分散値を計算し、分散値が所定の閾値以上となった場合に、突然の大きな変化とする。例3としては、過去数フレームにおいて各フレームの変化画素量を算出し、過去数フレームに対して重みをつけた変化画素量の分散値を計算し、分散値が所定の閾値以上となった場合に、突然の大きな変化とする。   Explain how to check for sudden changes. When a foreign object comes from a distance from the far side of the screen or crosses the front of the screen, even if a large change on the image is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, the change occurs smoothly. It is different from instantaneous changes such as camera interference and lighting changes. Therefore, it is determined whether or not it is a sudden change, and only in the case of a sudden change, there is a possibility of camera disturbance or illumination change. There are various criteria for judging whether or not this is a sudden change. As an example 1, a change pixel amount having a luminance change equal to or greater than the first threshold in the inter-frame difference is examined. When the amount of change in the inter-frame difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a sudden large change is assumed. In this case, another threshold value may be used as the threshold value. As an example 2, when the average luminance value of each frame is calculated in the past several frames, the variance value of the average luminance value weighted with respect to the past several frames is calculated, and the variance value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value Let's say a sudden big change. As an example 3, when the change pixel amount of each frame is calculated in the past several frames, the variance value of the change pixel amount weighted with respect to the past few frames is calculated, and the variance value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value Let's say a sudden big change.

単色変化妨害の検出方法を説明する。取得画像の全画素における輝度値の分散値を求める。分散値が小さい場合は単色変化が起きたとする。分散が実質的にゼロであるほど小さいということは、輝度値がある値に集中しているということである。実際のカメラ妨害行為において、カメラの断線の場合は完全な単色(黒)になる可能性があるが、手やスプレー、テープでのカメラを覆う行為では全画素が完全な単色となることはなく、多少の輝度むらが生じる。また、カメラの自動補正により何色に変化するのかはわからない。手で覆う場合は最初暗くなるが、手が近づくにつれてカメラの自動補正により白っぽく変化する。よって分散値をみることにより、いかなる色に変化したとしても単色か否かがわかり、多少の輝度むらがあっても単色変化とみなすことができる。   A method for detecting monochromatic change interference will be described. A variance value of luminance values in all pixels of the acquired image is obtained. It is assumed that a single color change occurs when the variance value is small. The fact that the variance is so small that it is substantially zero means that the luminance values are concentrated at a certain value. In actual camera obstruction, if the camera is disconnected, there may be a complete monochrome (black), but if you cover the camera with your hand, spray, or tape, all pixels will not be completely monochrome. Some brightness unevenness occurs. Also, I don't know how many colors will change due to automatic camera correction. When it is covered with a hand, it becomes dark at first, but as the hand approaches, it changes to whitish due to automatic correction of the camera. Therefore, by looking at the dispersion value, it can be determined whether the color is monochromatic regardless of the color, and even if there is some luminance unevenness, it can be regarded as a monochromatic change.

混合変化妨害の検出方法を説明する。輝度差分値が第1閾値以上で明るく変化している明変化画素と、輝度差分値の絶対値が第1閾値以上で暗く変化している暗変化画素との割合を比較する。図1(d)や(e)に示すように、割合の偏りが少ない場合は、混合変化が起きたとする。例えば、明るく変化した画素数と暗く変化した画素数の割合が全画素の半分以上で、それらの互いの比率が0.5〜2.0の場合に、混合変化と判断する。この割合は、監視状況などに応じて決める。図1(b)や(c)に示すように、画像が全体的に明るくなったり暗くなったりしている場合は、照明変化や突然の日照変化が起きたとする。照明変化や突然の日照変化の場合は、カメラ妨害とはみなさない。図1(f)や(g)に示すように、単色変化でもなく混合変化でもない場合は、カメラ妨害ではなく、大きな異物の侵入が起きたと判断する。   A method for detecting mixing change interference will be described. The ratio of a brightly changing pixel whose luminance difference value is brightly changed with a first threshold value or more and a darkly changing pixel whose absolute value of the luminance difference value is darker than a first threshold value is compared. As shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E, it is assumed that a mixing change has occurred when there is little deviation in the ratio. For example, when the ratio of the number of pixels that change brightly to the number of pixels that change darkly is half or more of all the pixels, and the ratio between them is 0.5 to 2.0, it is determined that the change is mixed. This ratio is determined according to the monitoring situation. As shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, when the image is generally brighter or darker, it is assumed that an illumination change or a sudden sunshine change has occurred. Camera changes are not considered for lighting changes or sudden sunshine changes. As shown in FIGS. 1 (f) and (g), when the change is neither a monochromatic change nor a mixing change, it is determined that a large foreign object has entered rather than camera interference.

上記のように、本発明の実施例では、カメラ妨害検知方式を、監視カメラの画像と基準画像とを比較して画素ごとの輝度の差分を求め、輝度差分値が第1閾値以上であれば変化画素とし、変化画素が第2閾値以上生じた場合に、突然の変化があればカメラ妨害の種別を判定して警告を発する構成としたので、画像処理のみでカメラ妨害を判断できる。   As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the camera tampering detection method is performed by comparing the image of the surveillance camera and the reference image to obtain the luminance difference for each pixel, and if the luminance difference value is equal to or greater than the first threshold value. When a change pixel occurs and the change pixel occurs at the second threshold value or more, if there is a sudden change, the type of camera interference is determined and a warning is issued. Therefore, the camera interference can be determined only by image processing.

本発明のカメラ妨害検知方式は、監視カメラを覆ったり監視カメラの向きを変えたりするなどのカメラ妨害を、妨害態様まで区別して簡単確実に検知する方式として最適である。   The camera tampering detection method of the present invention is optimal as a method for easily and reliably detecting camera tampering, such as covering the surveillance camera or changing the orientation of the surveillance camera, up to the disturbance mode.

本発明の実施例におけるカメラ妨害検知方式の機能ブロック図である。It is a functional block diagram of the camera tampering detection method in the embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施例におけるカメラ妨害検知方式の処理手順を示す流れ図である。It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of the camera tampering detection system in the Example of this invention. 従来のカメラ妨害検知方式を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the conventional camera tampering detection system.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1・・・監視カメラ、2・・・画像処理部、3・・・画像取得部、4・・・輝度差分算出部、5・・・変化画素抽出部、6・・・突然変化検出部、7・・・カメラ妨害判定部、8・・・基準画像保存部、9・・・警告発報部。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Surveillance camera, 2 ... Image processing part, 3 ... Image acquisition part, 4 ... Luminance difference calculation part, 5 ... Change pixel extraction part, 6 ... Sudden change detection part, 7... Camera interference determination unit, 8... Reference image storage unit, 9.

Claims (6)

基準画像を保持するメモリと、監視カメラの画像と前記基準画像を比較して画素ごとに輝度差分を算出する輝度差分算出部と、輝度差分が第1閾値以上の画素を変化画素として抽出して計数する変化画素抽出部と、画像の突然の変化を検出する突然変化検出部と、前記変化画素の数と画像の突然の変化の有無とに基づいてカメラ妨害の有無を判定するカメラ妨害判定部と、カメラ妨害を検出した場合に警告を発する警告発報部とを具備し、
前記カメラ妨害判定部は、前記変化画素の数が第2閾値以上のときカメラ妨害の可能性ありと判定する手段と、画像を一色に変化させる単色化妨害を検出する単色化妨害検出手段と、画像全体のシーンを変化させる混合変化妨害を検出する混合変化妨害検出手段とを備え、
前記混合変化妨害検出手段は、前記基準画像の画素の輝度に第1閾値を加えた輝度以上に明るい明変化画素の数を計数する手段と、前記基準画像の画素の輝度から第1閾値を引いた輝度以下に暗い暗変化画素の数を計数する手段と、前記明変化画素の数と前記暗変化画素の数の比率に基づいて混合変化妨害の有無を判定する手段とを備えることを特徴とするカメラ妨害検知方式。
A memory that stores a reference image, a luminance difference calculation unit that calculates a luminance difference for each pixel by comparing the image of the monitoring camera with the reference image, and a pixel having a luminance difference equal to or greater than a first threshold is extracted as a change pixel A change pixel extraction unit that counts, a sudden change detection unit that detects a sudden change in an image, and a camera interference determination unit that determines the presence or absence of camera interference based on the number of change pixels and the presence or absence of a sudden change in an image And a warning notification unit that issues a warning when camera interference is detected ,
The camera interference determination unit is configured to determine that there is a possibility of camera interference when the number of the change pixels is equal to or greater than a second threshold, and a monochromatic interference detection unit that detects a monochromatic interference that changes an image to a single color; A mixed change disturbance detection means for detecting a mixed change disturbance that changes the scene of the entire image;
The mixed change interference detection means counts the number of bright change pixels brighter than the luminance obtained by adding the first threshold to the luminance of the pixel of the reference image, and subtracts the first threshold from the luminance of the pixel of the reference image. Means for counting the number of dark change pixels that are darker than the brightness, and means for determining the presence or absence of mixing change interference based on the ratio between the number of bright change pixels and the number of dark change pixels. Camera tampering detection method.
前記単色化妨害検出手段は、全画素の輝度分散を求める手段と、輝度分散が実質的にゼロであるときに単色化妨害ありと判定する手段とを備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載のカメラ妨害検知方式。 The monochromatic interference detection unit includes: a unit for obtaining luminance dispersion of all pixels; and a unit for determining that there is monochromatic interference when the luminance dispersion is substantially zero . Camera tampering detection method. 基準画像を保持するメモリと、監視カメラの画像と前記基準画像を比較して画素ごとに輝度差分を算出する輝度差分算出部と、輝度差分が第1閾値以上の画素を変化画素として抽出して計数する変化画素抽出部と、画像の突然の変化を検出する突然変化検出部と、前記変化画素の数と画像の突然の変化の有無とに基づいてカメラ妨害の有無を判定するカメラ妨害判定部と、カメラ妨害を検出した場合に警告を発する警告発報部とを具備し、
前記突然変化検出部は、フレーム間で前記第1閾値以上の輝度変化がある画素数が前記第2閾値以上である場合に画像に突然の変化があると判定する手段を備えることを特徴とするカメラ妨害検知方式。
A memory that stores a reference image, a luminance difference calculation unit that calculates a luminance difference for each pixel by comparing the image of the monitoring camera with the reference image, and a pixel having a luminance difference equal to or greater than a first threshold is extracted as a change pixel A change pixel extraction unit that counts, a sudden change detection unit that detects a sudden change in an image, and a camera interference determination unit that determines the presence or absence of camera interference based on the number of change pixels and the presence or absence of a sudden change in an image And a warning notification unit that issues a warning when camera interference is detected,
The sudden change detection unit includes means for determining that there is a sudden change in an image when the number of pixels having a luminance change greater than or equal to the first threshold value between frames is greater than or equal to the second threshold value . Luke camera interference detection method.
監視カメラの画像とメモリに保存された基準画像を比較して画素ごとに輝度差分を算出する輝度差分算出工程と、輝度差分が第1閾値以上の画素を変化画素として抽出して計数する変化画素抽出工程と、画像の突然の変化を検出する突然変化検出工程と、前記変化画素の数と画像の突然の変化の有無とに基づいてカメラ妨害の有無を判定するカメラ妨害判定工程と、カメラ妨害を検出した場合に警告を発する警告発報工程とを有し、
前記突然変化検出工程は、フレーム間で前記第1閾値以上の輝度変化がある画素数が前記第2閾値以上である場合に画像に突然の変化があると判定する工程有することを特徴とするカメラ妨害検知方式におけるカメラ妨害検知方法
A luminance difference calculation step of calculating a luminance difference for each pixel by comparing the image of the monitoring camera and a reference image stored in the memory, and a changed pixel that extracts and counts a pixel having a luminance difference equal to or greater than a first threshold as a changed pixel An extraction step, a sudden change detection step for detecting a sudden change in the image, a camera disturbance determination step for determining the presence or absence of camera interference based on the number of the change pixels and the presence or absence of the sudden change in the image, and a camera interference A warning issuing process for issuing a warning when an error is detected,
The sudden change detecting step, wherein Rukoto the number of pixels with luminance change than the first threshold value between frames having a step of determining that there is a sudden change in the image when it is more than the second threshold value A camera tampering detection method in the camera tampering detection method .
全画素の輝度分散を求め、輝度分散が実質的にゼロであるときに単色化妨害と判定することを特徴とする請求項記載のカメラ妨害検知方式におけるカメラ妨害検知方法 5. The camera tampering detection method in the camera tampering detection method according to claim 4 , wherein the luminance variance of all pixels is obtained and it is determined that the monochromatic interference is present when the luminance variance is substantially zero . 前記基準画像の画素の輝度に第1閾値を加えた輝度以上に明るい明変化画素の数を計数し、前記基準画像の画素の輝度から第1閾値を引いた輝度以下に暗い暗変化画素の数を計数して、前記明変化画素の数と前記暗変化画素の数の比率に基づいて混合変化妨害の有無を判定することを特徴とする請求項4記載のカメラ妨害検知方式におけるカメラ妨害検知方法。
The number of bright change pixels brighter than the luminance obtained by adding the first threshold to the luminance of the pixels of the reference image is counted, and the number of dark change pixels darker than the luminance obtained by subtracting the first threshold from the luminance of the pixels of the reference image 5. The camera tampering detection method in the camera tampering detection method according to claim 4 , wherein the presence / absence of mixing change tampering is determined based on a ratio between the number of bright change pixels and the number of dark change pixels. .
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