JP4864466B2 - Transplanting nursery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transplant nursery. Specifically, the present invention relates to a transplant nursery bed formed in a connected nursery pot for transplantation, and a plant seedling and cultivation method using the nursery bed.

In recent years, new agricultural technologies have been developed, and along with this, technological innovations such as agricultural machinery and agricultural materials have advanced. As a result, significant labor savings in agricultural work have been realized. In the field of raising seedlings, various seedling techniques and various materials used for them have been developed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
In particular, “cell nursery”, which has been rapidly spreading in recent years, has advantages such as reducing the complexity and risk of raising seedlings in a farmer, and making plant production and division of labor into seedling production. Cell raising seedlings are carried out, for example, using a seedling connection pot (also referred to as a cell tray) such as a connected plastic tray or a connected paper pot.

Each cell (pot) of the connection pot is formed with a nursery bed composed of various medium / culture soil (hereinafter referred to as medium) base materials. A cultivation method in which seedlings such as vegetables are sown on the nursery beds to grow seedlings, and the grown seedlings are extracted and transplanted is widely used.
As the medium base material, a medium (for example, see Patent Document 1) in which a base material mixed with raw materials having a specific particle size distribution and a surfactant are blended in a specific ratio is disclosed. Moreover, the culture medium (for example, refer patent document 2) which consists of an inorganic raw material whose base exchange capacity is 50-200 meq / 100g, a non-wood type fiber organic raw material, a fertilizer component, and a nitrification inhibitor, The particle diameter of a fertilizer component is A plant seedling culture medium (for example, see Patent Document 3) or the like containing 1 mg or less and a slow release nitrogen source compound in a ratio of 10 mg / L to 10 g / L in terms of nitrogen is disclosed.

  However, the above-mentioned connecting pot has a smaller volume per cell than conventional polypots, so the filling amount of the medium is limited, and the fertilizer component necessary for the seedling survival after transplanting from each cell to the main field etc. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain sufficiently from the culture medium.

  In addition, as an attempt to make the seedbed contain fertilizer components necessary for raising seedlings, especially nitrogen components that are easily leached, Honda uses a seedling culture medium obtained by mixing a slow-acting fertilizer and a medium base material (water retaining material) at the same time as transplantation. A paddy rice seedling culture medium (for example, refer to Patent Document 4) that enables fertilization, a floor soil layer that retains water necessary for seedling seedling and supports the seedling, and an upper layer of the floor soil layer, with a chemical solubility, Alternatively, it is formed by a fertilizer / seed layer composed of a slow-release fertilizer and seeds with a physically reduced elution rate, and a covering layer covering the fertilizer / seed layer, and the slow-release fertilizer is only the fertilizer / seed layer. The seed bed structure (see, for example, Patent Document 5) and the like, wherein the bed soil layer has an effective fertilizer component during the seedling raising period is disclosed.

These are all due to the coated fertilizer whose surface is coated with resin, etc., but when applied to a small-capacity connected pot, the number of grains that can be applied to each cell is reduced with the normal granular fertilizer particle size. This may cause uneven growth due to variations in the elution behavior of fertilizer components among the cells, and the seedling may not be applicable to machine transplantation.
Coated fertilizers have been developed in which the surface of granular fertilizers with small particle diameters is coated with resin, etc., but the core granular fertilizers are cracked during coating processing, and particles are combined to form aggregates, making mass production difficult. Compared with a coated fertilizer with a normal particle size, the cost is considerably high. Moreover, since the coated fertilizer has a weak binding force with the medium base material, depending on the method of use, the fertilizer may float and flow out due to irrigation at the time of seedling raising, or the fertilizer may spill out from each cell during transplantation.
Even when the coated fertilizer is replaced with a slow-acting fertilizer that chemically suppresses dissolution, germination failure may occur due to contact between the seed and the fertilizer.

JP-A-8-37924 JP-A-8-56478 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-19 JP-A-52-107907 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-236352 "Guide for using horticulture seedling materials and equipment", published by the Japan Facility Horticultural Association, published in March 1991, pages 30-73.

The present invention
For example, (1) the seedlings are grown and harvested from germination to just before transplanting.
(2) Fertilizer components necessary for the survival of seedlings after transplanting to the main field etc. can be sufficiently supplied.
(3) Fertilizer is not easily spilled at the time of transplanting without causing growth failure during seedling,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a nursery for transplantation that exhibits effects such as the above, and a method for cultivating plants using the same.

  The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to solve the above-described problems. As a result, it is a seedling for transplant having a medium layer made of a medium base material, a granular fertilizer layer made of granular fertilizer stacked on top of the medium layer, and seeds or plants formed in a connected type seedling pot The granular fertilizer contains a slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer, contains 70% by mass or more of particles having a particle diameter of 1 mm or more, and has a maximum particle diameter of 2 mm or less, and a plant cultivation method using the same Thus, the inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention based on the findings.

The present invention is constituted by the following.
(1) A seedbed for transplantation, which is formed in a connected type seedling pot and has a medium layer composed of a medium base material, a granular fertilizer layer composed of granular fertilizer laminated on top of the medium layer, and seeds or plants. A transplant nursery in which the granular fertilizer contains a slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer, contains 70% by mass or more of particles having a particle size of 1 mm or more, and has a maximum particle size of 2 mm or less.

(2) The transplant nursery according to (1) above, wherein the mass of the granular fertilizer is 0.5 to 5 mg per grain and the amount of the granular fertilizer is 10 to 1000 grains / cell.

(3) The transplant nursery according to (1) or (2), wherein the granular fertilizer contains 0.001 to 10% by mass of a water-soluble nitrogen component.

(4) The slow-acting nitrogenous fertilizer is at least one selected from the group of acetaldehyde-condensed urea, isobutyraldehyde-condensed urea, methylolurea polymerized fertilizer, and formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer, (1) to (3) above A nursery for transplanting according to any one of the preceding claims.

(5) The transplant nursery according to (4) above, wherein the granular fertilizer contains a hardly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and / or a water-repellent substance.

(6) The above-mentioned method is characterized in that a granular fertilizer layer is formed in a period from seeding to the day before transplantation after filling a medium base material in the bottom of the connected seedling pot and seeding to form a medium layer. (1) The preparation method of the seedbed for transplant of any one of (5) term | claim.

(7) A method for cultivating a plant using the nursery for transplanting according to any one of (1) to (5).

Using the transplanting nursery of the present invention,
(1) The growth of seedlings from germination to before transplanting is complete, and it is possible to easily obtain seedlings particularly suitable for machine transplantation at low cost.
(2) Good harvest and easy production management.
(3) Fertilizer components necessary for growth during seedling and after transplanting are uniformly contained, and further, even if the granular fertilizer in the seedbed can control the fertilization effect for a long time, germination and seedling growth failure occur. Difficult, especially suitable for crop transplantation cultivation,
Shows the effect of.

The seedbed for transplantation of the present invention has a structure in which a granular fertilizer layer is formed in the upper part of a medium layer formed of a medium base material (water retaining material), which is formed in a connected type seedling pot.
There is no limitation in the connection type seedling pot used by this invention, According to the kind of crop etc., it can select and use from a commercial item. Examples of the connected seedling pots include those according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Standards and All Agricultural Standards (outer frame 590 mm × 300 mm) and other commercially available products. Specifically, the standards of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries are 128 cell types (cell arrangement 8 × 16, cell size 31 mm square × depth 44 mm), 200 cell type (cell arrangement 10 × 20, cell size). 26 mm square x 44 mm deep), 288 cell type (cell arrangement 12 x 24, cell size 21 mm square x depth 38.5 mm) as a whole agricultural standard, as a commercial product, a tray made by Yanmar Agricultural Machinery 20-288 holes (cell size 20 mm square x depth 40 mm), tray 25-200 holes (cell size 25 mm square x depth 45 mm), tray 30-128 holes (cell size 30 mm square x 45 mm deep), 35-72 holes in the tray (35 mm square x 45 mm depth), 45-55 holes in the tray (45 mm square x 45 mm depth), 42-72 holes in the tray ( SE Size 42mm sq. X 45mm depth), Japanese sugar beet sugar paper pot (trade name) and chain pot (trade name) paper pot, Blackmore plug tray (outer frame 546mm x 280mm) 800SQ (1 Cell capacity 1.5 mL), the same tray 288 LITE (1 cell capacity 5.2 mL), the same tray 288 DEEP (1 cell capacity 10.0 mL), the same tray 128 DEEP (1 cell capacity 22.7 mL), and the like.
An example of a connected nursery pot used in the present invention is shown in FIG.

The granular fertilizer used for the granular fertilizer layer in the seedling for transplantation of the present invention contains particles having a particle diameter of 1 mm or more, 70 mass% or more, preferably 90 mass% or more, and the maximum particle diameter of the granular fertilizer is 2 mm or less, Preferably it is 1.5 mm or less. If the particle diameter is in the above range, the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate, which is a fertilizer component, elutes at an appropriate rate and functions as a slow-acting fertilizer, and is relatively small and uniform, so that the cell (pot) The number of applied fertilizer grains can be secured and there is little variation in fertilizer application.
In addition, the granular fertilizer layer can also contain a fertilizer that hardly contains a water-soluble fertilizer component as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of fertilizers that contain almost no water-soluble fertilizer component include molten phosphorus and potassium silicate.

The granular fertilizer used in the present invention is contained at the root of the strain when transplanting seedlings to the main field, etc., so that the absorption utilization efficiency of the fertilizer components can be increased and a high fertilization effect can be exhibited. The mass is 0.5 to 5 mg, preferably 1 to 3 mg. If the mass per granular fertilizer is in the above range, an appropriate number of applied grains per plant body (or one seed) can be secured. Effectiveness is demonstrated. Here, the mass per granular fertilizer may be measured one by one, but for example, an average value obtained by measuring the mass of 100 grains may be used.

  In the present invention, one or more granular fertilizers are required for each cell of a transplanting nursery pot (for example, FIG. 1). The filling amount of the granular fertilizer is preferably 10 to 1000 grains / cell, more preferably 30 to 500 grains / cell. If it is less than the lower limit, seedlings that are not suitable for transplantation due to variations in fertilizer components between cells may be grown, and further, poor growth due to lack of fertilizer is predicted. When the upper limit is exceeded, the proportion of the cell capacity is increased, and the water retention, which is a basic physical property of the medium substrate, may be deteriorated.

The granular fertilizer used for the granular fertilizer layer in the seedling for transplantation of the present invention contains slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as the main component (most abundant component) of nitrogen fertilizer in the seedling for transplantation. Specifically, it is preferable to contain 80.0-99.9 mass% of slow release nitrogen fertilizer with respect to the mass of nitrogen fertilizer, More preferably, 85.0-99.0 mass% is contained. The slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is preferably not a coated fertilizer. Preferred examples of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer include urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensates.
The urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate having any molecular structure such as linear, branched chain, and cyclic. Can be used. Specific examples include acetaldehyde condensed urea, isobutyraldehyde condensed urea, methylol urea polymerized fertilizer, formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer and the like described in the Fertilizer Control Law (official standard of ordinary fertilizer, type of fertilizer). In the present invention, one or more of them may be arbitrarily selected and used.

  It is preferable that the granular fertilizer used by this invention contains 25.0-42.0 mass% of nitrogen components as a fertilizer component, More preferably, 30.0-35.0 mass% is contained.

The granular fertilizer used in the present invention contains a water-soluble nitrogen component as a fertilizer component, preferably 0.001 to 10 mass%, more preferably 1 to 7 mass%, based on the total mass of the nitrogen component in terms of nitrogen. If the content of the water-soluble nitrogen component is in the above range, especially when a granular fertilizer layer is formed before sowing from germination, it causes growth failure or delay such as growth delay, leaf color abnormality, and death in the early stage of cultivation. The feature of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate, which is a poorly water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer, can be supplemented. When it is going to obtain the fertilizer only of a urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate, the cost will be increased by the purification step, which is not practical. Examples of the water-soluble nitrogen component include urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and the like.
The water-soluble nitrogen component used in the present invention is, in addition to the sum of analytical values of water-soluble nitrogen components such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, urea nitrogen, etc., in the case of known components, fertilizer It can be measured according to the analysis method (for example, by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, National Institute of Agricultural Environment Technology, “Fertilizer Analysis Method (1992)”, published by Japan Fertilizer Testing Association, December 1992, p. 26-27).

When the slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer used in the present invention is mainly composed of a urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate, the mineral fertilization is promoted and the fertilization effect is sufficiently exhibited. Is preferably added.
The poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is not particularly limited as long as it is sparingly soluble in water and can supply a phosphate component necessary for its normal growth to plants. The poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer may be composed mainly of a phosphate compound having low solubility, but the water-soluble phosphate component is fixed to make it hardly water-soluble. Examples include those whose surface is coated with a water-insoluble or hydrophobic substance, and those obtained by mixing and granulating a fine powder of phosphate fertilizer and a water-insoluble or hydrophobic fine powder other than the phosphate fertilizer. .

  Among them, a phosphoric acid compound having low solubility is preferable because it can be used relatively easily. Specifically, a substance having a solubility in water at 20 ° C. of 5 g / 100 mL or less is desirable. For example, molten phosphorus fertilizer, processed phosphate fertilizer, humic acid mixed phosphorus fertilizer, calcined phosphorus fertilizer, lenania phosphorus fertilizer, byproduct phosphoric acid Examples thereof include dilime, tricalcium phosphate byproduct, Thomaslin fertilizer, potassium metaphosphate, lime metaphosphate, metaphosphoric acid clay, metaphosphoric acid potassium clay, and phosphate ore. Among these, molten phosphorous fertilizer, calcined phosphorous fertilizer, and phosphorus ore can be preferably used in the present invention because they have particularly low solubility in water.

Further, the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is obtained by immersing the hardly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer in a 2% by mass citric acid aqueous solution at 30 ° C. in a mass ratio represented by the following formula, and 80% by mass of the phosphoric acid component contained It is particularly preferable to have elution characteristics in which the time required for elution in an aqueous citric acid solution is in the range of 0.1 to 2000 minutes.
Formula: Slightly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer / 2% by mass citric acid aqueous solution (mass ratio) = 0.013

  Specifically, the elution time can be measured by the following method. In a 300 mL plastic bottle, 2 g of a poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and 150 mL of a 2 mass% citric acid aqueous solution heated to 30 ° C. are placed, and shaken in a 30 ° C. shaking thermostat. Over time, the citric acid aqueous solution is taken in small portions, diluted with water, the phosphate component in the diluted solution is quantified by ion chromatography, and an elution curve is created. The time required until 80% by mass of the phosphoric acid component contained can be obtained.

  When the elution time is in the range of 0.1 to 2000 minutes, the mineralization rate of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate can be easily controlled. When the time is less than 0.1 minutes and when the time is longer than 2000 minutes, it may be difficult to control the mineralization rate.

  Since the elution time of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is in the range of 0.1 to 2000 minutes, the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer has low solubility in water and is composed of a single crystal. preferable. Furthermore, when the shape is particulate, it is preferable that there are few voids in the particles.

  The method for adjusting the elution time of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer to 0.1 to 2,000 minutes is not particularly limited. For example, a method for adjusting the particle diameter of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer in the form of particles, particles A method of coating the surface of a slightly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer with a water-insoluble or hydrophobic substance, and a fine powder of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and a water-insoluble or hydrophobic fine powder other than the phosphate fertilizer The method of mixing and granulating can be mentioned.

  Among them, the method of adjusting the particle diameter of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer in a particulate form is preferable because it can be carried out relatively easily. The particle size at that time varies depending on the kind of poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer to be used and the required elution time, but it is 0.01 from the viewpoint of production or adjusting the mineralization rate of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate. It is preferable to be in the range of ˜0.5 mm.

In the present invention, the ratio of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer added to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate is not particularly limited, but is 0.01 to 5% by mass in terms of P ₂ O _{5 with} respect to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate. It is preferable that it is the range of these. If the addition ratio of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is within this range, it is possible to effectively control the mineralization rate of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate.

Among the aforementioned urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensates, 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydropyrimidine (hereinafter referred to as urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate), which is particularly difficult to control the mineralization rate in soil. The effect of the present invention is more remarkable in glyoxal condensed urea, methylol urea polymerization fertilizer, and formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer.

In addition, in order to obtain the effect of adding the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate more stably, the content ratio of the water-soluble phosphate component contained in the granular fertilizer is: urea-aliphatic aldehyde against condensate is preferably not more than 0.5 mass% in terms _of P ₂ O _5. From this viewpoint, the phosphate fertilizer used in the present invention is preferably calcined phosphorous fertilizer and / or molten phosphorous fertilizer. In addition, when using fertilizers that contain phosphate components such as phosphate fertilizers, ordinary chemical fertilizers, two-component compound fertilizers, advanced chemical fertilizers, and organic fertilizers as poorly water-soluble fertilizers, It is preferable to use it in consideration of the content.

Further, by adding a water-repellent substance to the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate containing the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, the dissolution of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate in the soil is suppressed, It becomes possible to control the fertilization effect of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate in a wider range.
The water-repellent substance used in the granular fertilizer is not particularly limited as long as it is a moisture-repellent and waterproof water-repellent substance. Among them, the melting point is in the range of 60 to 130 ° C, preferably in the range of 60 to 100 ° C. A water-repellent substance can be preferably used in the present invention. If the water repellent material has a melting point of 60 ° C. or higher, the storage stability of the granular fertilizer in the summer is stable, and if the melting point is 130 ° C. or lower, the temperature of the granular fertilizer exceeds 130 ° C. during the production of the granular fertilizer. There is no need for heat treatment, and decomposition during the production of granular fertilizer is difficult to occur.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to appropriately use at least one selected from natural wax and synthetic wax as the water repellent substance. Natural waxes include plant waxes such as cadrine wax, carnauba wax, rice wax, wax, jojoba oil, animal waxes such as beeswax, lanolin and sperm wax, and mineral waxes such as montan wax, ozokerite and ceresin. , Paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, petroleum wax such as petrolatum, and synthetic waxes include synthetic hydrocarbons such as Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, montan wax derivatives, paraffin wax derivatives, microcrystalline wax derivatives Denatured wax, hydrogenated wax such as hardened castor oil, hardened castor oil derivative, 12-hydroxystearic acid, stearamide, phthalic anhydride, chlorinated hydrocarbon And the like. Among these, hydrogenated castor oil and derivatives thereof are effective in controlling the mineralization rate of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate.

  In the present invention, the content of the water-repellent substance is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, the water-repellent substance, the water-soluble fertilizer and the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the granular fertilizer. More preferably, it is the range of 1-15 mass%. When the content ratio of the water-repellent substance is in the above range, the effect of the water-repellent substance is sufficient and the manufacturing cost is not increased.

In the present invention, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, components other than slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, water-soluble nitrogen component, poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and water-repellent substance are used as raw materials for granular fertilizer. be able to. Examples of the components include slow-release nitrogen fertilizers, poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizers and fertilizers other than water-soluble nitrogen components, various granulation aids, and binders. The component is preferably added when mixing the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, the water-soluble nitrogen component, the poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the water repellent material.
The granular fertilizer may be a mixed fertilizer composed of the above-mentioned granular fertilizer and a slightly water-soluble granular fertilizer that does not contain a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer component.

As fertilizers other than slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers, sparingly water-soluble phosphate fertilizers and water-soluble nitrogen components, fertilizers having a solubility in pure water at 20 ° C. of less than 5 g / 100 mL and phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) components In addition to those containing the Kari (K ₂ O) component, organic fertilizers such as bone meal, oil grounds, and meat grounds, calcareous fertilizers, bitter soil fertilizers, siliceous fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers can be exemplified. In the present invention, one or more fertilizers may be selected and used as necessary.

  Granulation aids include bentonite, clay, kaolin, sericite, talc, acid clay, pumice, quartz sand, quartzite, zeolite, perlite, vermiculite, and other minerals, rice straw, sawdust, wood flour, pulp floc, soybean flour, etc. The plant substance of this can be mentioned. In the present invention, one or more kinds of granulation aids may be selected and used as necessary.

  Binders include gum arabic, sodium alginate, glycerin, gelatin, molasses, microcrystalline cellulose, pitch, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alumina sol, cement, sodium polyphosphate, lignin Examples thereof include sulfonates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, surfactants, starch, thermosetting resin raw materials, and the like. In the present invention, one or more of these binders may be selected and used as necessary.

  The seedbed for transplantation of the present invention contains a medium base material (water retaining material) in the lower layer of the granular fertilizer layer, and any material can be used as the medium base material as long as it can retain moisture necessary for raising seedlings. Can even be used. Specifically, vegetable fiber materials and mineral materials that are excellent in soil, light weight and water retention can be mentioned.

  Examples of soil include natural soil such as alluvial soil, diluvial soil, volcanic soil, Kanuma soil, Bora soil (Hyuga soil), and humus soil, and soil generated from water treatment plants. In the present invention, dry sterilized soil obtained by sterilizing these with heat or the like is preferable. Examples of such sterilized soil include red ball soil (manufactured by Soyle Co., Ltd., red soil type sterilized soil), black ball soil (manufactured by Soyle Co., Ltd., black soil type sterilized soil), and sterilized bora soil.

Examples of plant fiber materials include peat moss and coconut husk (residues obtained by removing rigid and medium fibers from the mesocarp removed from the pericarp and inner pericarp from the pericarp), bark, wood pulp, Rice husks, large sawdust and the like. Examples of the mineral material include calcined vermiculite, bentonite, and zeolite. Moreover, you may use the baking residual sand which remain | survives when baking a vermiculite. Furthermore, a mixture thereof may be used.
In addition, the medium base material of the transplanting nursery of the present invention is blended with artificial fibers such as granular cotton, organic carbides such as charcoal and charcoal, and soil improvement materials such as perlite and urea resin foam as necessary. You can also.

The ratio of the medium base material (water retaining material) contained in the transplanting nursery of the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 to 70 mass% with respect to the nursery. In addition, it is preferable that the bulk density of this culture medium base material is 0.2-0.7 g / cm < ³ >.

The transplanting nursery of the present invention preferably contains a water-soluble nitrogenous fertilizer. The water-soluble nitrogenous fertilizer component contained in the seedling for transplantation of the present invention has a total amount of the water-soluble nitrogen component content contained in the granular fertilizer and the water-soluble nitrogen component content in the medium base material (water retaining material) in the plant. What is necessary is just to adjust arbitrarily content of this whole seedbed in the range which does not exert a bad influence. As a guide, although depending on the bulk density of the medium substrate, the water-soluble nitrogen component in the nursery bed is preferably contained in the nursery bed at a rate of 10 mg / L to 10 g / L, and 10 mg / L to 1 g / L. Is more preferable.
In addition, if the water-soluble nitrogen component in the seedling for transplantation of the present invention is in the above range, the nitrogen component required after transplanting can be slowly released while securing the nitrogen component necessary for raising seedlings with the water-soluble nitrogen component. By controlling the fertilization effect, it can be supplied to seedlings.

A fertilizer containing components such as phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) can be added to the medium base material (water retaining material) contained in the seedling for transplantation of the present invention as necessary. . The standard of the amount added as phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is such that the content in the nursery bed is in the range of 10 mg / L to 10 g / L, preferably 10 mg / L to 1 g. / L.
Specific examples of fertilizers used in the above include water-soluble nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate, molten phosphorus, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, lime superphosphate, and heavy superphosphate. Examples thereof include phosphoric fertilizers such as lime, heavy burned phosphorus, and bitter heavy burned phosphorus, potassium fertilizers such as potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium humic acid, and trace element fertilizers.

In addition, the transplanting nursery of the present invention can contain an appropriate amount of bactericides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, surfactants and the like as necessary within a range not inhibiting the effects of the present invention.
In addition, in the nursery for transplantation of the present invention, the capacity may decrease due to irrigation or the like during the seedling raising period, so further covering the upper part of the granular fertilizer layer within the range not impairing the effect of the present invention, It may be formed.

  In creating the seedbed for transplantation of the present invention, containing a slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer at the top of the medium layer after filling and seeding the medium base material in the bottom part (lower layer) in the connected nursery pot, and A granular fertilizer layer containing 70% by mass or more of particles having a particle diameter of 1 mm or more and having a maximum particle diameter of 2 mm or less may be formed at any time before transplantation. In order to easily and uniformly distribute the granular fertilizer in each cell, the day before transplanting is preferred from seeding avoiding the pre-transplantation where the working density is increased, and more preferably before germination without obstacles on the surface of the medium layer. When applying this granular fertilizer after germination, it is preferable that the surface of the plant body which becomes an obstacle is dry. For this purpose, it is preferable to avoid irrigation immediately before application, and to irrigate the granular fertilizer adhering to the surface of the plant after application on the medium layer surface.

  The plant cultivation method using the seedling for transplantation of the present invention is not particularly limited to the target crop, the cultivation management method, and the like. In particular, the transplanting nursery of the present invention is in the nursery even when raising seedlings of paddy rice, vegetables, flower buds, fruit trees, trees, etc., which have conventionally been difficult to use by combining water-soluble fertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer contained in can be increased, and even if it is not a coated fertilizer, it has the feature of not causing fertilizer and burns in the roots. Further, a small amount of water-soluble fertilizer may be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

  By using the nursery for transplantation of the present invention, while supplying a fast-acting component with a water-soluble fertilizer component without excess or deficiency, additional fertilization can be omitted by controlling the fertilization effect of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for a long period of time, and the particle size Therefore, the number of grains per unit area or plant body can be increased. Therefore, the transplanting nursery of the present invention is suitable for cultivation of plants to be transplanted after growing seedlings such as food crops, horticultural crops, appreciation crops in a connected nursery pot.

  The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following examples, “%” is “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.

Test methods used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
(1) Fertilizer components (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium)
Nitrogen (N): Prepared by adding 300 mL of a nitrogen component extraction preparation solution (KCl-HCl solution; 315 g of special grade potassium chloride dissolved in 3 L of pure water and adding 150 mL of hydrochloric acid) to 50 g of medium and stirring and filtering for 1 hour The extract was prepared, and the amount of inorganic nitrogen was measured by simultaneous leaching measurement of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen ("Soil Nutrient Analysis Method", Yokendo, published in December 1970, p.197-p. (Measurement value 1), and the CDU nitrogen amount was determined by the dimethylaminobenzaldehyde method (“Revised Detailed Fertilizer Analysis Method”, Yokendo, published in January 1973, p. 69-p. 72). (Measurement value 2), the sum of measurement value 1 and measurement value 2 was taken as the nitrogen measurement value, and the nitrogen component (mg / L) was calculated from the bulk density (kg / L) of the medium. .
Phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ): Citric acid 2 according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Technology “Fertilizer Analysis (1992)” (issued by the Japan Fertilizer Testing Association, published in December 1992) The phosphoric acid component extracted with a% aqueous solution was measured and calculated in the same manner as nitrogen.
Kari (K ₂ O): According to “Soil Standard Analysis / Measurement Method” edited by the Soil Standard Analysis / Measurement Method Committee (Hakutosha, published in November 1986), Kari components are measured by the terms of water-soluble cations, Calculation was performed in the same manner as nitrogen.
(2) Bulk density of medium Using a Yamanaka type volumetric gravity meter, the value of the mass (kg) of the medium in the measurement container was divided by the value of the measurement container volume (L).
(3) pH, EC, moisture In accordance with the Soil Standard Analysis / Measurement Method Committee “Soil Standard Analysis / Measurement Method” (Hakutosha, published in November 1986), pH is the glass electrode method, EC (electrical conductivity). Was measured by a 1: 5 water leaching method, and water was measured by a dry heat method.

(Synthesis example of urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate (CDU))
60 g of urea is dissolved in 60 mL of water, 8.5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, 30 g of acetaldehyde is added dropwise under ice-cooling, the mixture is reacted with stirring at 50 ° C. for 4 hours, the precipitated crystals are filtered, washed with water, and then decompressed. CDU (purity 99.9% by mass or more) was obtained by drying. The obtained CDU was sieved, and the granular material that passed through a sieve having an opening of 150 μm was used in the following test. The content of water-soluble fertilizer such as urea in the CDU granular material was 0.05% by mass or less (by thin layer chromatography).

Production example 1 of granular fertilizer (granular fertilizer 1-6)
In a spherical mixer with a capacity of 50 L, the above-mentioned CDU particles and urea (solubility in pure water at 20 ° C. of 107.7 g / 100 mL) are 20 kg in the ratio shown in Table 1. The mixture was added and mixed for 5 minutes to obtain a mixture.
Next, 1 kg of the mixture is put into a rotating dish pan granulator having a diameter of 120 cm, water and the mixture are added little by little while rolling the mixture at a rotation speed of 40 r / min, and the average particle size is 1.3 mm. Granulated to a degree. After granulation, it was dried for 6 hours at 120 ° C. using a hot air circulating dryer, and further classified with a vibrating sieve to obtain a granular fertilizer 1 having a particle size of 1.18 to 1.40 mm. Similarly to the case of granular fertilizer 1, granular fertilizers 2 to 4 were obtained so that the total amount of input was 20 kg at the ratio shown in Table 1.
Furthermore, at the time of production of the granular fertilizer 3, it was classified with a vibrating sieve to obtain simultaneously the granular fertilizer 5 having a particle diameter of 2.5 to 4.1 mm and the granular fertilizer 6 having a particle diameter of less than 1.18 mm. In the granular fertilizer 6, the ratio of the sieve opening 1 mm pass product was 40% by mass.

Production Example 2 of Granular Fertilizer (Granular Fertilizer 7)
A commercially available formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer (trade name “Organite”, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) was pulverized and re-granulated to obtain a granular fertilizer 7 having a particle size of 1.18 to 1.70 mm. The nitrogen content of the granular fertilizer 7 was 39.5%, and the internal water-soluble nitrogen component was 17.0% (the water-soluble nitrogen component was measured by an official analysis method). The mass per grain (n = 100) was 1.4 mg.

Production Example 1 of Medium Substrate
Firing vermiculite (2 mm sieve pass product, bulk density 0.11 [kg / L], pH (mass ratio 1: 5 water) 8.1), peat moss (3 mm sieve pass product, bulk density 0.11 [ kg / L], pH (mass ratio 1: 5 water) 4.2), sterilized Bora soil (4 mm sieve pass product, bulk density 0.85 [kg / L], pH (mass ratio 1: 5 water) 5) was mixed at a volume ratio of 70: 23: 7 to obtain a water retention material mixture. To this mixture, an aqueous solution containing heavy burned phosphorus, phosphoric acid aqueous solution (32%), and sulfuric acid potassium as a fertilizer component in a mass ratio of 633: 367, a rotary container type mixing device (capacity: 1 m ³ , rotation speed: 12 r / min) ) To obtain a medium base material, which was used in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
The physical properties and chemical properties of the medium substrate immediately after production were as follows: bulk density 0.38 [kg / L], pH (mass ratio 1: 5 water) 6.2, EC (mass ratio 1: 5 water) 0. The fertilizer component was nitrogen 0 mg / L, phosphoric acid 1115 mg / L, and potassium 152 mg / L.

Production Example 2 of Medium Substrate
A culture medium substrate was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 of a culture medium base material except that urea was added as a fertilizer component to 150 mg / L of nitrogen and used in Example 6. The physical properties and chemistry immediately after the production of the medium substrate were the same except for the medium substrate and the nitrogen component produced in Production Example 1 of the medium substrate.

Example 1
Yanmar tray 30-128 holes (trade name, manufactured by Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., cell capacity 30 mm square x depth 45 mm, 128 holes), which is a connected type seedling pot, are filled with the medium substrate produced in Production Example 1, Cabbage (variety “YR Tenku”, manufactured by Takii Seedling Co., Ltd.) is seeded and embedded in the base material, and 50 g of granular fertilizer 1 is applied evenly to all 128 cells from above the tray for transplantation. A nursery was obtained. When the number of grains per cell is calculated from the grain mass in Table 1, it corresponds to 244 grains / cell. A cross-sectional view of the obtained seedling for transplantation is shown in FIG.

Examples 2-4
A transplanting nursery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the granular fertilizer 1 of Example 1 was replaced with granular fertilizers 2-4. When the number of grains per cell is calculated from the grain mass in Table 1, it corresponds to 230, 230, 260 grains / cell, respectively.

Example 5
In Example 1, the granular fertilizer 1 was replaced with the granular fertilizer 7, and a total of 10 g of the granular fertilizer 7 was applied uniformly over all 128 cells from above the tray to obtain a transplanting nursery. When the number of particles per cell is calculated from the above-mentioned particle mass, it corresponds to 56 particles / cell.

Example 6
Yanmar tray 30-128 holes (trade name, manufactured by Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., cell capacity 30 mm square x depth 45 mm, 128 holes), which is a connected seedling pot, are filled with the medium substrate produced in Production Example 2, Cabbage (variety “YR Tenku”, manufactured by Takii Seedling Co., Ltd.) was sown and embedded in the substrate. In cultivation test 1 to be described later, 27 days after sowing and seedling start (3 days before transplanting), 50 g of granular fertilizer 3 is applied uniformly over the entire tray from above the tray, and sufficient irrigation is performed immediately after application. A nursery for transplantation was obtained.

Comparative Examples 1-3
In Example 1, granular fertilizer 1 is mixed 31.0 CDU nitrogen powder product (trade name, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd., particle size 1.00 mm sieve passing, mass less than 0.5 mg per grain), granular fertilizer 5, granular A transplant nursery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fertilizer 6 was changed to Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The filling amount per cell of Comparative Example 1 is about 0.4 g. In addition, the comparative example 1 is powdery and cannot count the number of grains. When the number of grains per cell of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 is calculated from the grain mass in Table 1, it corresponds to 26 and 391 grains / cell, respectively. A sectional view of Comparative Example 2 is shown in FIG.

Comparative Example 4
Yanmar tray 30-128 holes (trade name, manufactured by Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., cell capacity 30 mm sq. X 45 mm depth, 128 holes) are filled with a medium substrate 25 mm deep in each cell, and then cabbage (variety “YR Tenku” , Takii Seed and Seed Co., Ltd.) at the same time, 10 g of granular fertilizer 7 was applied uniformly from the top of the tray to 128 cells to form a fertilizer / seed layer, and then the medium substrate was covered with the soil. Filled to form a nursery for transplantation.

Cultivation test 1
The seedlings produced in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were used to raise seedlings for 30 days, and the state was investigated. All raising seedlings were carried out in accordance with the conventional method except that water was sufficiently irrigated in a greenhouse where an unheated transparent polyolefin film (trade name: Agritop High Power, manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was spread. After raising seedlings, they were transplanted to the main field and cultivated according to the customary method.

As a result of the cultivation test 1, the seedlings grown using the seedbeds of the present invention of Examples 1 to 6 have a growth of each cell of 9 cm in height and about 2 leaves, have good rooting, and are easy to use in this field. I was able to transplant it. Examples 1 to 3 and 6 maintained the fertilization effect even after transplantation, and in particular, Example 6 maintained a long-term fertilization effect. It has been found that the nursery of the present invention uniformly and sufficiently contains fertilizer components necessary for seedling growth, and that the water-soluble fertilizer component of the nursery does not adversely affect seed germination and seedling growth.
Moreover, Examples 2 and 3 were better in harvesting than Examples 4, 5 and 6. In Examples 2 and 3, it was observed that the decomposition (mineralization) of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate contained was controlled. In addition, in Example 6, since seedlings that become obstacles to be applied are formed on the above-ground part, it is considered that unevenness in application has slightly occurred.
In the test plots grown using the seedling culture media of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 4, growth failure occurred. In the case of Comparative Examples 1 and 4, the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer component was impaired, and Comparative Example 3 was long and insufficiently rooted. This is presumed to be due to the fact that the mineralization rate of the urea-aliphatic aldehyde condensate is fast, and the influence of an excess amount of the water-soluble nitrogen component generated.
In the case of Comparative Example 2, seedlings with large variations between cells and uneven growth were grown. The particle size of the granular fertilizer contained in the seedbed is large, and the cell capacity of the connected nursery pot (cell tray) is small, so the number of grains between cells becomes uneven and the content of granular fertilizer per cell varies. It seems to reflect that.

Example 7
Yanmar tray 20-288 holes (trade name, manufactured by Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., cell capacity 20 mm square x depth 40 mm, 288 holes), commercially available medium leek (brand name, Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) ), 500 mg / L of nitrogen, 1000 mg / L of phosphoric acid, 150 mg / L of potassium, pH 6-7), and then seeded with green onions (variety “Nagatome”, manufactured by Kyowa Seed Co., Ltd.) In the day before transplantation, 100 g of the granular fertilizer 3 was applied uniformly in all 128 cells from above the tray to obtain a seedling for transplantation. When the number of grains per cell is calculated from the grain mass in Table 1, it corresponds to 204 grains / cell.

Comparative Example 5
In Example 7, the granular fertilizer 3 is a commercially available coated fertilizer Micro Long Total 201, 70 type (trade name, manufactured by Chisso Asahi Fertilizer Co., Ltd., particle size 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, about 350 grains / g, nitrogen 12 %, Phosphoric acid 10%, potassium 11%), and a transplant nursery was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 to obtain Comparative Example 5.

Cultivation test 2
The seedlings for transplantation produced in Example 7 and Comparative Example 5 were used to raise seedlings for 60 days, and the state was investigated. Raising seedlings was carried out in accordance with the conventional method except that water was sufficiently irrigated in a greenhouse in which an unheated transparent polyolefin film (trade name: Agritop High Power, manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was spread.

  As a result of the cultivation test 2, in Example 7, the fertilization effect was maintained for a long time, and a good quality seedling was obtained. Further, in Comparative Example 5, it was observed that the fertilizer grains floated and flowed out during irrigation, and that the fertilizer spilled out at the time of withdrawal after the completion of the seedling raising and was not suitable for a transplant nursery.

  It is particularly suitable for plant cultivation by cell breeding using a connected seedling pot.

Schematic diagram of connected nursery pot (cell tray) Sectional view of the nursery for transplantation of the present invention Sectional view of transplanting nursery of Comparative Example 2

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Connection type seedling pot 2 Seed 3 Medium base material 4 Fertilizer 5 Granular fertilizer 5 of this invention

Claims (7)

  A seedling for transplantation, which is formed in a connected type seedling pot and has a medium layer composed of a medium base material, a granular fertilizer layer composed of granular fertilizer laminated on top of the medium layer, and a seed or a plant body. A nursery for transplanting, wherein the fertilizer contains a slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 70% by mass or more of particles having a particle size of 1 mm or more, and a maximum particle size of 2 mm or less.   The transplanting nursery according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the granular fertilizer is 0.5 to 5 mg per grain and the filling amount of the granular fertilizer is 10 to 1000 grains / cell.   The seedbed for transplantation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the granular fertilizer contains 0.001 to 10 mass% of a water-soluble nitrogen component.   The transplant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is at least one selected from the group of acetaldehyde condensed urea, isobutyraldehyde condensed urea, methylol urea polymerization fertilizer, and formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer. Nurseries for use.   The seedling for transplanting according to claim 4, wherein the granular fertilizer contains a poorly water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and / or a water repellent material.   The solid fertilizer layer is formed during a period from seeding to the day before transplantation after filling the medium base material in the bottom of the connected seedling pot and seeding to form a medium layer. 6. A method for producing a nursery for transplanting according to any one of 5 above.   The cultivation method of the plant using the seedbed for transplant of any one of Claims 1-5.

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