JP4860009B1 - Building with multiple ventilation layers - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to improve the housing boundary and save electric power by realizing a structure in which outdoor outdoor air can be actively taken in and out of two ventilation layers on the outdoor side and the indoor side.
SOLUTION: The outdoor air inlet and outlet are provided so that the outdoor air can be actively taken in and out of the two ventilation layers on the outdoor side and the indoor side. If you close the opening and closing means in the ventilation layer, you can save heating costs because it is wrapped in warm air during cold nights. Also, in the summer, even if the sun shines on the side wall, if you open the opening and closing means and improve ventilation, you can spend cooler, so you can save cooling costs. In addition, if the air-permeable layer is divided into two and outdoor air is taken in and out independently of the two air-permeable layers, the effect of the outside air lasts longer.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a structure that allows smooth ventilation in a building having a plurality of ventilation layers on a wall.

Considering that the energy environment is not good, there is a need to devise ways to improve the living environment with natural power, using as little electricity as possible. From such a viewpoint, a building is proposed in which an air layer is provided and an air layer that is naturally ventilated is provided on the wall.
However, since there is a single air layer, a proposal in which a ventilation layer is provided on both of the heat insulating materials as in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

JP 2006-177136

However, in the structure as disclosed in Patent Document 1, since there is no outside air entrance / exit through which outside air can actively enter and exit, the advantage of providing a plurality of ventilation layers is not utilized.
The technical problem of the present invention pays attention to such a problem, and in a wall structure having a plurality of ventilation layers, at least two outdoor ventilation layers on the outdoor side and the indoor side are actively taken in and out of outdoor air. It is to realize a structure that can be used.

Claim 1 has one or more vent layers inside the side wall, so that it can out aggressive ambient air into two ventilation layer of the single-passing air layer or at least an outdoor side and indoor side, outdoors The structure of the building is characterized in that a vent hole communicating the outdoor and the vent layer is formed so as to penetrate the facing pillar in the horizontal direction, and an opening / closing means for the vent hole is provided. In this way, each column is provided with a vent hole, and the vent hole opening / closing means is provided in the column.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a single ventilation layer or at least an outdoor ventilation layer and an indoor ventilation layer are provided also on the ceiling, and ventilation holes are provided so that outside air can be actively taken in and out, and an opening / closing means thereof is provided. Moreover, the building structure according to claim 1, wherein each ventilation layer of the ceiling communicates with a single ventilation layer on the side wall or at least the outdoor ventilation layer and the indoor ventilation layer . In this way , at least the outdoor side ventilation layer and the indoor side ventilation layer are provided on the ceiling as well as the vent opening / closing means, and the outdoor side ventilation layer and the indoor side ventilation layer of the side wall are respectively provided. Communicated.

As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, one surface of a column that faces the outside is provided with a vent hole for taking outside air into and out of the single ventilation layer or at least two ventilation layers on the outdoor side and the indoor side. The column is opened so as to penetrate the column in the horizontal direction, and a cylindrical ventilation hole smaller than the ventilation hole is provided in the ventilation hole in a direction perpendicular to the one surface, and perpendicular to the ventilation layer. Or put outside air into the ventilation layer in the direction,
Or, as shown in FIG. 11, a vent hole is formed so as to penetrate the column in a horizontal direction in a direction parallel to one surface of the column facing the outdoors, and a vent hole perpendicular to the one surface is formed in the parallel direction. The building structure according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the pillar is opened at a height different from the direction of the ventilation hole so as to penetrate in a horizontal direction .

As in claim 1, the outdoor and the outdoor columns are horizontally penetrated so that outside air can be actively taken in and out of a single ventilation layer or two ventilation layers on the outdoor side and indoor side. Since the ventilation hole communicating with the ventilation layer is provided, during the winter cold period, if warm air outside is put in the ventilation layer in the warm daytime and the opening and closing means is closed, the air is wrapped in the warm air during the cold night. You can save money.
Also, in the summer, even if the sun shines on the side walls, it is possible to spend cooler by opening the opening and closing means and improving the ventilation of the ventilation layer, so that the cooling cost can be reduced.
In addition, if the air-permeable layer is divided into two and outdoor air is taken in and out independently of the two air-permeable layers, the effect of the outside air lasts longer. In addition, since the ventilation hole was provided in each pillar facing the outdoors, the outside air can go straight and the outside air can be taken in and out effectively. The opening / closing means for each vent is also provided on the column side.

As in claim 2, a single ventilation layer or an outdoor ventilation layer and an indoor ventilation layer are also provided on the ceiling so as to communicate with the outdoors through ventilation holes, Because it communicates with the outdoor ventilation layer and the indoor ventilation layer, opening and closing the ventilation holes on the ceiling side also reduces the heating and cooling costs during the summer and cold seasons as described above. it can.

According to claim 3, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the single vent layer or at least two vent layers on the outdoor side and the indoor side are provided with vent holes for outdoor air. The column is opened so as to penetrate the column in a direction parallel to the surface, and a cylindrical ventilation hole smaller than the ventilation hole is provided in the ventilation hole in a direction perpendicular to the one surface, and the ventilation layer is provided. Since outside air is taken into and out of the right-angled ventilation layer, the pillar 3 has such a complicated shape, but it is inexpensive if mass-produced by precast molding of concrete or the like.
It may be a metal molding, a combination of mold steel and steel plate, or a structure in which a cross steel is inserted into a square pipe. The column 3 has a cross-sectional shape in the shape of a rice field so as to improve mechanical strength and to be easily connected with a beam and a nut attached to a side wall.
Further, as shown in FIG. 11, a vent hole is formed so as to penetrate the column in a horizontal direction in a direction parallel to one surface of the column facing the outdoors, and a vent hole perpendicular to the one surface is The pillar 3 is simplified by adopting a structure in which the pillar is opened so as to penetrate in the horizontal direction at a height different from the vent holes in the parallel direction.

1 is a horizontal sectional view of a building having a plurality of ventilation layers according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating the window of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a door at the doorway in FIG. 1. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which made the ceiling into the 2 layer structure similarly to the side wall. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which made the ceiling into the 2 layer structure similarly to the side wall. It is the perspective view which expanded the principal part of the pillar and was seen from the indoor side. It is the perspective view which looked at the pillar of FIG. 6 from the outdoor side. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pillar, (1) A figure is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the center position of a pillar, (2) FIG. It is another longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pillar, (1) A figure is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the vertically long vent hole position of a pillar, (2) FIG. It is a horizontal sectional view of a pillar. It is embodiment which simplified the pillar. It is a horizontal sectional view of the example which provided the opening-and-closing means in the side wall near a pillar.

Next, an embodiment will be described in detail how a building having a plurality of ventilation layers according to the present invention is actually embodied. FIG. 1 is a horizontal sectional view of a building having a plurality of ventilation layers according to the present invention, in which a unit bath, a kitchen, a desk, a chair, and a bed are illustrated. Although it is an example of a square building and four side walls are illustrated, a thin wall material is omitted because it is difficult to hatch a cross section.
As long as there is one or more ventilation layers, it may be single or two or more, but the illustrated example has a two-layer structure of the ventilation layer 1 on the outdoor side and the ventilation layer 2 on the indoor side. .

The pillars 3 standing at the four corners are provided with a vent hole 4 communicating with the outdoor vent layer 1 of the wall and a vent hole 4 ′ communicating with the indoor vent layer 2. That is, the vent holes 4 ... 4 'are opened in a part of the standing column, and the other part is a square communicating with the other outdoor side ventilation layer 1 and the indoor side ventilation layer 2 in the perpendicular direction. A cylindrical vent is opened.
In the illustrated example, a double door D is provided in order to open and close each vent hole opened in each column.
When the outdoor ventilation layer 1 and the indoor ventilation layer 2 are provided on the ceiling to form a two-layer structure, the hole 6 communicating with the outdoor ventilation layer on the ceiling and the indoor ventilation layer on the ceiling are communicated. A hole 7 is provided on the ceiling.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing the window 8 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing the door 9 of the person's doorway shown in FIG.
In order to mechanically reinforce the wall, the entire side wall is not made hollow, but spacers 10 are provided in the ventilation layers 1 and 2.
The ceilings of FIGS. 2 and 3 are only the ventilation layer 11 for taking in outside air, but may have a two-layer structure like the side wall. The ventilation layer 11 on the ceiling also communicates with the ventilation holes 12 opened in the pillar, and is provided with opening / closing means D for opening and closing the ventilation holes 12.

4 and 5 are examples in which the ceiling has a two-layer structure as well as the side walls. The two-layer structure includes a communication hole 6 opened in the ceiling so that the outdoor ventilation layer 1 on the side wall and the outdoor ventilation layer 11o on the ceiling communicate with each other, and the indoor ventilation layer 2 on the side wall. A communication hole 7 is provided in the ceiling so that the indoor ventilation layer 11i on the ceiling communicates. It goes without saying that means D for opening and closing the entrances and exits of these ventilation layers 11o and 11i is provided.
Thus, since it is the same structure as a side wall, even if the sun of summer shines on the roof like an arrow, if the opening-and-closing means D is opened and ventilation is improved, it can spend cool. In the hot summer months, it is cooler if you leave the room open to improve ventilation and prevent the walls from being heated to a high temperature by growing plants such as bitter gourd outside the wall.
On the other hand, in the cold season, when the opening / closing means D is opened in the warm daytime, warm outdoor air is taken in and trapped in the ventilation layers 11o, 11i, and then the opening / closing means D is closed, the cold night can be warmly spent.
Therefore, the power required for air conditioning can be reduced.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the main part of a certain pillar as viewed from the indoor side. The pillar 3 stands at the intersection of the outdoor side ventilation layer 1 and the indoor side ventilation layer 2 on the two side walls. Yes. The pillar 3 has vent holes 4, 4 ′ communicating with the left vent layer 1, 2 on the left side of the figure, and vent holes 5 communicating with the vent layer 1, 2 on the right side of the figure, 5 '... is vacant in a cylindrical shape.
That is, as shown in the figure, small cylindrical vents 5 ... 5 '... are vacant so as to intersect with the vertically long vents 4 ... 4' ....

The pillar 3 has such a complicated shape, but is inexpensive if it is mass-produced by precast molding of concrete. It may be a metal molding, a combination of mold steel and steel plate, or a structure in which a cross steel is inserted into a square pipe.
The column 3 has a cross-sectional shape in the shape of a rice field so as to improve mechanical strength and to be easily connected with a beam and a nut attached to a side wall.
Side walls W ..., w ... may also serve as beams connecting the lower ends of the columns 3 ... and the upper ends thereof. It can be easily combined by using a steel plate as a beam. Alternatively, dedicated beams may be separately provided on the lower and upper ends of the side walls W.
W ..., w ... are wall plate materials for forming the air-permeable layers 1 and 2, and a plasterboard having high heat insulation is suitable. This wall plate material is attached to a beam or the like, but it can also be attached to the column 3 by an angle material as shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the pillar 3 in FIG. 6 as viewed from the outdoor side, and is a small cylindrical vent 5 in a direction intersecting with the vertically long vents 4, 4 ′ opened in the pillar 3. 5 '... is open.
Then, an opening / closing means for opening / closing the vertically long vent holes 4 ... 4 'and the cylindrical vent holes 5 ... 5' is provided. The open / close door D is not shown.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pillar 3, (1) FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the center position of the pillar 3, and (2) FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pillar 3 viewed from the side wall W side.
9 is another longitudinal sectional view of the pillar 3. (1) FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the longitudinal vent holes 4 ... 4 '... of the pillar 3, and (2) FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pores 5... 5 ′.
FIG. 10 is a horizontal sectional view of the pillar 3, and wall plates W..., W.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which the pillar 3 is simplified. In the square pillar 3, the vent holes 4a parallel to one side and the vent holes 5a perpendicular to the side are alternately opened in the vertical direction. The air flowing in and out from the air holes 4a enters and exits the air layers 1 and 2 parallel to the air holes 4a, and the air flowing in and out from the air holes 5a enters and leaves the air layers 1 and 2 parallel to the air holes 5a.
The pillar 3 shown in the figure is expected to improve the strength by the bisecting wall 13, but it is also possible to omit the bisecting wall 13 and vent the two ventilation layers 1 and 2 from a single large vent hole. It is. The opening / closing means D is omitted.

FIG. 12 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of an example in which the ventilation holes for venting in and out and the opening / closing means thereof are opened not near the pillars but near the pillars on the side walls, and the ventilation holes 14 are opened in the outer walls W. D is provided so that outdoor air can be taken into the outer ventilation layer 1.
Further, a vent hole 15 is opened in the middle wall plate w, and an opening / closing means D is provided. In this embodiment, the opening / closing means D is configured to slide up and down, but may be slid in the horizontal direction, and the opening / closing method is not particularly limited.
Although another vent and opening / closing means are provided at a position farthest from the opening / closing means D, they are not shown.
Thus, in addition to the pillar 3, if a vent hole for opening / closing outdoor air to / from the vent layers 1 and 2 and its opening / closing means are provided, the position and size of the vent hole are not limited, and the advantage that a normal pillar can be used is provided. Can be provided at low cost. It is also possible to apply this concept to the ventilation layer on the ceiling side and provide the ventilation hole 15 and the opening / closing means D in the ceiling.

As mentioned above, because the ventilation layer formed on the side wall of the building is provided with ventilation holes and opening and closing means for actively taking in outside air outside, if you open the opening and closing means in summer and improve ventilation, You can spend a cool time, while opening and closing means in winter and taking warm air from the daytime into the ventilation layer, and closing the opening and closing means, you can stay warm even in cold nights. Therefore, electricity for air conditioning can be saved by improving the living environment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outdoor side ventilation (ventilation) layer 2 Indoor side ventilation (ventilation) layer 3 ... Column 4 ... 4 '... Ventilation (ventilation) hole 5 ... 5' ... Cylindrical ventilation (ventilation) holes 4a and 5a Ventilation ( Ventilation) hole D ... Door (opening / closing means)
6.7 Hole 8 Window 9 Door of entrance
11 Ceiling ventilation (ventilation) layer
11i Indoor ventilation (ventilation) layer
11o Outdoor ventilation (ventilation) layer
12 Ventilation (ventilation) holes D for ceilings opened in pillars ... Opening and closing means W ..., w ... Wall plate material for forming ventilation (ventilation) layers
13 Divided wall
14.15 Ventilation holes

Claims (3)

Have one or more vent layers inside the side wall, so that it can out of the outside air actively in the two ventilation layer of the single-passing air layer or at least an outdoor side and indoor side, horizontal pillars facing outdoors A building structure characterized by opening a vent hole communicating with the outside and the vent layer so as to penetrate in the direction, and providing an opening / closing means for the vent hole . A single ventilation layer or at least an outdoor ventilation layer and an indoor ventilation layer are also provided on the ceiling, and ventilation holes are provided so that outside air can be actively taken in and out. The building structure according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation layer is communicated with a single ventilation layer on the side wall or at least the ventilation layer on the outdoor side and the ventilation layer on the indoor side . The single ventilation layer or at least two ventilation layers on the outdoor side and the indoor side are arranged to penetrate the column in a horizontal direction in a direction parallel to one surface of the column facing the outdoors. And opening a cylindrical ventilation hole smaller than the ventilation hole in the ventilation hole in a direction perpendicular to the one surface, and letting outside air into and out of the ventilation layer perpendicular to the ventilation layer,
Alternatively, a vent hole is formed so as to penetrate the column in a horizontal direction in a direction parallel to one surface of the column facing the outside, and a vent hole perpendicular to the one surface is different from the vent hole in the parallel direction. The building structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the building is opened at a height so as to penetrate the pillar in a horizontal direction .

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