JP4853393B2 - Medical tube fitting - Google Patents
Medical tube fitting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4853393B2 JP4853393B2 JP2007154948A JP2007154948A JP4853393B2 JP 4853393 B2 JP4853393 B2 JP 4853393B2 JP 2007154948 A JP2007154948 A JP 2007154948A JP 2007154948 A JP2007154948 A JP 2007154948A JP 4853393 B2 JP4853393 B2 JP 4853393B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- medical tube
- joint
- lumen
- distal end
- joint body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Description
本発明は、医療用チューブ継手に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a medical tube joint.
医療用チューブと医療機器との接続においては迅速かつ漏れのない確実な接続強度が要求され、様々な接続方法が考えられ応用されている。あらかじめ決められた長さで使用する医療用チューブと医療機器との接続の場合は、該チューブ端部に医療機器との接続用コネクターを付設することも可能であるが、医家が任意にチューブの長さを切断して医療機器と接続する用途においては、医療機器側に該チューブに挿入可能なニップルを備え、切断した医療用チューブ端部を該ニップルに押し被せて接続する方法が多く用いられている。 In connection between a medical tube and a medical device, a quick and reliable connection strength without leakage is required, and various connection methods are considered and applied. In the case of connection between a medical tube used for a predetermined length and a medical device, it is possible to attach a connector for connecting the medical device to the end of the tube. In applications in which the length is cut and connected to a medical device, a method is often used in which a nipple that can be inserted into the tube is provided on the medical device side and the cut end of the medical tube is pushed over the nipple. ing.
ニップルを使用した医療用チューブと医療機器の接続の場合、前述の漏れのない確実な接続強度を確保する為に該チューブ内径に対し、ニップルの外径を1.1〜2.0倍程度まで大きくする必要があり、ある程度の差し込み長さも必要とする。つまり該チューブの伸縮性を利用した密着接合であるが、該チューブは伸縮性が高い反面、腰が弱く一般的に接続操作が困難で時間がかかる場合が多い。さらに該チューブの外径が4mm以下の場合にはその傾向が強く現れる為、接続操作が迅速且つ容易であることが強く求められていた。 When connecting a medical tube and a medical device using a nipple, the outer diameter of the nipple is about 1.1 to 2.0 times the inner diameter of the tube in order to ensure the above-mentioned leak-free and reliable connection strength. It needs to be large and requires a certain amount of insertion length. In other words, it is a tight joint using the stretchability of the tube, but the tube is highly stretchable, but the waist is weak and the connection operation is generally difficult and often takes time. Further, when the outer diameter of the tube is 4 mm or less, the tendency appears strongly. Therefore, it is strongly demanded that the connecting operation is quick and easy.
操作が容易で確実な接続強度が得られるという接続用途においては、従来のパイプ用継手が好ましい。例えば、継手の本体となるソケット内に漏水対策としてのO−リングと、樹脂製パイプの接続を完全にする為の爪部付パイプ保持リングとが挿入されているパイプ用継手が開示されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。この樹脂製パイプは、パイプ保持リングの爪部によってパイプ外表面に爪が喰い込まれて接続されると共に、樹脂製パイプの外表面とソケット内表面との間にO−リングを挟み込んで漏水の発生を防いでいる構造となっている。またパイプ保持リング素材にはパイプ外表面に爪が食い込む硬さと弾発力が必要不可欠であるため、ステンレス鋼やリン青銅、ベリリウム銅等の金属製薄板が好適に使用されている。
しかし、金属部品を使用した継手は、医療機関等で使用されるMRIやNMRと称される核磁気共鳴画像法を利用した装置による撮影に影響を与えるため、被検査者から排除する必要があった。
A conventional pipe joint is preferred in connection applications where operation is easy and reliable connection strength can be obtained. For example, a joint for a pipe is disclosed in which an O-ring as a countermeasure against water leakage and a pipe holding ring with a claw for completely connecting a resin pipe are inserted in a socket which is a main body of the joint. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). This resin pipe is connected to the pipe outer ring by the nail of the pipe holding ring, and the O-ring is sandwiched between the outer surface of the resin pipe and the inner surface of the socket. It has a structure that prevents generation. In addition, since the pipe holding ring material requires the hardness and resilience that the nail bites into the outer surface of the pipe, metal thin plates such as stainless steel, phosphor bronze, and beryllium copper are preferably used.
However, joints using metal parts have an effect on radiography performed by an apparatus using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging called MRI or NMR used in medical institutions, etc., and therefore must be excluded from the subject. It was.
本発明の目的は、医療用チューブと医療機器とを迅速且つ容易に接続でき、更に漏れのない確実な接続強度を確保すると共に、MRI装置による撮影に影響を与えることの無い医療用チューブ継手を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a medical tube joint capable of quickly and easily connecting a medical tube and a medical device, further ensuring a reliable connection strength without leakage, and having no influence on imaging by an MRI apparatus. It is to provide.
このような目的は、下記(1)から(5)に記載の本発明により達成される。
(1)基端部及び先端部を有し、前記基端部から先端部にかけて連通する内腔を有している略円筒状の継手本体と、
前記継手本体の基端部の少なくとも一部を被装する固定部材と、
前記継手本体の基端部と前記固定部材との間に組込まれ、任意の長さに切断された医療用チューブを保持する樹脂製の医療用チューブ保持部材と、
を有し、更に前記継手本体の内腔は、先端部側に向かってテーパー状に縮径していると共に、前記医療用チューブ保持部材は前記継手本体の先端部に向かって縮径しながら延出する複数の爪手段を有していることを持徴とする医療用チューブ継手。
(2)前記医療用チューブ保持部材は、前記継手本体基端部と前記固定部材との間に無接着状態で組込まれている(1)に記載の医療用チューブ継手。
(3)前記継手本体の内腔面には、前記医療用チューブを気密的に保持する凸状に形成された気密性保持手段を有する(1)又は(2)に記載の医療用チューブ継手。
(4)前記医療用チューブ保持部材の座面が平坦であって、この座面が、前記固定部材の内腔の段差面と前記継手本体の基端面とで挟持される(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の医療用チューブ継手。
(5)前記継手本体の内腔は基端部側に向かって拡径しており前記爪手段が先端部側に向かって変形することを許容するものである(1)ないし(4)のいずれかに記載の医療用チューブ継手。
(6)前記継手本体の前記内腔の先端部の径が、前記医療用チューブの内径よりも大きい(1)ないし(5)のいずれかに記載の医療用チューブ継手。
Such an object is achieved by the present invention described in the following (1) to (5).
(1) a substantially cylindrical joint body having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion and having a lumen communicating from the proximal end portion to the distal end portion;
A fixing member that covers at least a part of the base end of the joint body;
A resin-made medical tube holding member which is incorporated between the base end portion of the joint body and the fixing member and holds the medical tube cut into an arbitrary length;
And the lumen of the joint body is tapered toward the distal end, and the medical tube holding member extends while reducing the diameter toward the distal end of the joint body. A medical tube joint having a plurality of claw means for taking out.
(2) The medical tube joint according to (1), wherein the medical tube holding member is assembled in an adhesive-free state between the joint main body base end and the fixing member.
(3) The medical tube joint according to (1) or (2), wherein an airtight holding means formed in a convex shape for holding the medical tube in an airtight manner is provided on a lumen surface of the joint body.
(4) The seating surface of the medical tube holding member is flat, and the seating surface is sandwiched between the stepped surface of the lumen of the fixing member and the proximal end surface of the joint body (1) to (3) ) A medical tube joint according to any one of the above.
(5) Any one of (1) to (4), wherein the lumen of the joint main body is enlarged in diameter toward the proximal end side, and the claw means is allowed to deform toward the distal end side. Medical tube fitting according to crab.
(6) The medical tube joint according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein a diameter of a distal end portion of the lumen of the joint body is larger than an inner diameter of the medical tube.
本発明によれば、医療用チューブと医療機器とを迅速且つ容易に接続でき、更に漏れのない確実な接続強度を確保すると共に、MRI装置による撮影に影響を与えることの無い医療用チューブ継手を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to quickly and easily connect a medical tube and a medical device, and to ensure a reliable connection strength without leakage and to prevent a medical tube joint from affecting imaging by an MRI apparatus. Can be provided.
以下、本発明の医療用チューブ継手の実施形態について、図面を用いて説明する。
図1及び2に示すように本発明の医療用チューブ継手(1)は、基端部(3)及び先端部(4)を有し、上記基端部(3)から先端部(4)にかけて連通する内腔を有している略円筒状の継手本体(11)と、上記継手本体(11)の基端部の少なくとも一部を被装する固定部材(14)と、上記継手本体(11)の基端部(3)と上記固定部材(14)との間に組込まれ、医療用チューブ(2)を保持する樹脂製医療用チューブ保持部材(13)と、を有することを特徴とする。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the medical tube joint of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the medical tube joint (1) of the present invention has a proximal end (3) and a distal end (4), and extends from the proximal end (3) to the distal end (4). A substantially cylindrical joint body (11) having a communicating lumen, a fixing member (14) for covering at least a part of the base end of the joint body (11), and the joint body (11 ) And a resin medical tube holding member (13) for holding the medical tube (2), which is incorporated between the base end portion (3) and the fixing member (14). .
本発明の医療用チューブ継手(1)の継手本体(11)は、樹脂製であることが好ましい。樹脂製であることにより、MRI装置による撮影にハレーション等の影響を無くすことができる。樹脂の種類としては、例えばポリ塩化ビニール樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂等が挙げられるが、透明性、成形性に優れることによりポリ塩化ビニール樹脂が好ましい。 The joint body (11) of the medical tube joint (1) of the present invention is preferably made of resin. By being made of resin, it is possible to eliminate the influence of halation or the like on the photographing by the MRI apparatus. Examples of the resin include polyvinyl chloride resin, polypropylene resin, and polyamide resin. Polyvinyl chloride resin is preferable because of excellent transparency and moldability.
上記継手本体(11)の内径は、用いられる医療用チューブ(2)の外径によって異なるが、医療用チューブ(2)の外径より0.2mm以上1.0mm以下であることが好ましい。内径をこの範囲にすることで、医療用チューブ(2)を迅速に且つ確実に保持できる。 Although the internal diameter of the said joint main body (11) changes with outer diameters of the medical tube (2) used, it is preferable that they are 0.2 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less from the outer diameter of a medical tube (2). By setting the inner diameter within this range, the medical tube (2) can be quickly and reliably held.
上記継手本体(11)の内腔の断面形状は特に限定されないが、医療用チューブ(2)が挿入される基端部(3)側の内腔形状は外側に向かって拡径されていることが好ましい。こうすることで、医療用チューブ(2)がスムーズに挿入できる。また、後述する医療用チューブ保持部材(13)が組込まれるスペースを有することが好ましい。 The cross-sectional shape of the lumen of the joint body (11) is not particularly limited, but the lumen shape on the proximal end (3) side into which the medical tube (2) is inserted is enlarged toward the outside. Is preferred. By doing so, the medical tube (2) can be inserted smoothly. Moreover, it is preferable to have a space in which a medical tube holding member (13) described later is incorporated.
更に、上記継手本体(11)の内腔は、先端部(4)側に向かって縮径していることが好ましい。こうすることで無用に医療用チューブ(2)が深く差し込まれることを防止することができる。 Furthermore, the lumen of the joint body (11) is preferably reduced in diameter toward the distal end (4) side. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the medical tube (2) from being inserted deeply unnecessarily.
また、上記継手本体(11)の内腔面には上記医療用チューブ(2)を気密的に保持する気密性保持手段(12)を有することが好ましい。気密性保持手段(12)を設けることにより、医療用チューブ(2)を確実に気密的に保持することができる。 Moreover, it is preferable to have the airtight holding means (12) which hold | maintains the said medical tube (2) airtightly in the lumen | bore surface of the said coupling main body (11). By providing the airtight holding means (12) , the medical tube (2) can be reliably held airtight .
上記気密性保持手段(12)は、図1に示すように継手本体(11)内腔面に凸状に形成されたものであることが好ましい。凸状に形成された気密性保持手段(12)は、上記継手本体(11)内腔面に複数個設けてもかまわない。
The airtight holding means (12) is preferably formed in a convex shape on the inner surface of the joint body (11) as shown in FIG. A plurality of airtight holding means (12) formed in a convex shape may be provided on the inner cavity surface of the joint body (11).
本発明の医療用チューブ継手(1)は、上記継手本体(11)の基端部(3)の少なくとも一部を被装する固定部材(14)を有することを特徴とする。 The medical tube joint (1) of the present invention has a fixing member (14) that covers at least a part of the base end (3) of the joint body (11).
上記固定部材(14)は図3のように、後述する医療用チューブ保持部材(13)を組込むために、継手本体(11)を被装する内径を有する内腔と、それより小さい内径とからなる内腔でできていることが好ましい。こうすることで確実に医療用チューブ保持部材(13)を組込むことができる。 As shown in FIG. 3, the fixing member (14) includes a lumen having an inner diameter for covering the joint main body (11) and a smaller inner diameter in order to incorporate a medical tube holding member (13) described later. Preferably it is made of a lumen. By doing so, the medical tube holding member (13) can be reliably incorporated.
更に、固定部材(14)の上記継手本体(11)を被装している部分は、接着剤で接着固定されていることが好ましい。こうすることで、確実に医療用チューブ保持部材(13)を組込むことができる。 Furthermore, the portion of the fixing member (14) covering the joint body (11) is preferably bonded and fixed with an adhesive. By carrying out like this, a medical tube holding member (13) can be assembled reliably.
本発明の医療用チューブ継手(1)は、上記継手本体(11)基端部と上記固定部材(14)との間に組込まれ、医療用チューブを保持する医療用チューブ保持部材(13)を有することを特徴とする。 The medical tube joint (1) according to the present invention includes a medical tube holding member (13) that is incorporated between the base end portion of the joint body (11) and the fixing member (14) and holds the medical tube. It is characterized by having.
上記医療用チューブ保持部材(13)の形状は、特に限定されないが、上記継手本体の先端部に向かって、縮径しながら延出する複数の爪手段(15)を有していることが好ましい。このような爪手段(15)を有することで図4に示すように、医療用チューブ(2)が挿入された際、抜ける方向に力が加わると医療用チューブ(2)の外面に上記複数の爪手段(15)が食い込んで、医療用チューブ(2)が抜けることを防止できる。 Although the shape of the said medical tube holding member (13) is not specifically limited, It is preferable to have several nail | claw means (15) extended while reducing in diameter toward the front-end | tip part of the said coupling main body. . By having such a claw means (15), as shown in FIG. 4, when the medical tube (2) is inserted, if a force is applied in the direction in which it is removed, the outer surface of the medical tube (2) has a plurality of The nail | claw means (15) bites in and it can prevent that a medical tube (2) falls out.
上記医療用チューブ保持部材(13)は、上記継手本体(11)基端部と上記固定部材(14)との間に接着剤を使わずに組込むことができる。接着剤を使わないことで、接着剤による意図しない接着が医療用保持部材(13)の爪部に発生することを防止することができると共に接着作業に伴う乾燥工程等の煩雑な工程を省くことができる。 The medical tube holding member (13) can be assembled without using an adhesive between the base end of the joint body (11) and the fixing member (14). By not using the adhesive, it is possible to prevent unintentional adhesion due to the adhesive from occurring on the nail portion of the medical holding member (13), and to omit complicated processes such as a drying process associated with the bonding work. Can do.
上記医療用チューブ保持部材(13)の材質は、特に限定されないが、例えば、PPSやPETを用いることができる。この中でも、機械的強度、剛性の高いPPSを用いることが好ましい。 Although the material of the said medical tube holding member (13) is not specifically limited, For example, PPS and PET can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use PPS having high mechanical strength and rigidity.
上記、本発明の医療用チューブ継手(1)に用いられる継手本体(11)、医療用チューブ保持部材(13)及び固定部材(14)の成形方法は、特に限定されないが、射出成形法が好ましい。射出成形法により寸法精度を向上させることができる。 The method for forming the joint body (11), the medical tube holding member (13) and the fixing member (14) used in the medical tube joint (1) of the present invention is not particularly limited, but an injection molding method is preferable. . The dimensional accuracy can be improved by the injection molding method.
上述したように、本発明の医療用チューブ継手(1)は継手本体(11)、医療用チューブ保持部材(13)及び固定部材(14)の3部材と少ない部品数であり、組み立て工数も少なくてすむため、廉価にて製造することができる。 As described above, the medical tube joint (1) according to the present invention has a small number of parts such as the joint body (11), the medical tube holding member (13), and the fixing member (14), and the number of assembly steps is also small. Therefore, it can be manufactured at a low price.
1 医療用チューブ継手
2 医療用チューブ
3 基端部
4 先端部
11 継手本体
12 気密性保持手段
13 医療用チューブ保持部材
14 固定部材
15 爪手段
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (6)
前記継手本体の基端部の少なくとも一部を被装する固定部材と、
前記継手本体の基端部と前記固定部材との間に組込まれ、任意の長さに切断された医療用チューブを保持する樹脂製の医療用チューブ保持部材と、
を有し、更に前記継手本体の内腔は、先端部側に向かってテーパー状に縮径していると共に、前記医療用チューブ保持部材は前記継手本体の先端部に向かって縮径しながら延出する複数の爪手段を有していることを持徴とする医療用チューブ継手。 A substantially cylindrical joint body having a proximal end and a distal end, and having a lumen communicating from the proximal end to the distal end;
A fixing member that covers at least a part of the base end of the joint body;
A resin-made medical tube holding member which is incorporated between the base end portion of the joint body and the fixing member and holds the medical tube cut into an arbitrary length;
And the lumen of the joint body is tapered toward the distal end, and the medical tube holding member extends while reducing the diameter toward the distal end of the joint body. A medical tube joint having a plurality of claw means for taking out.
The medical tube joint according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a diameter of a distal end portion of the lumen of the joint body is larger than an inner diameter of the medical tube.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007154948A JP4853393B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2007-06-12 | Medical tube fitting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007154948A JP4853393B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2007-06-12 | Medical tube fitting |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008307089A JP2008307089A (en) | 2008-12-25 |
JP4853393B2 true JP4853393B2 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
Family
ID=40235259
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007154948A Active JP4853393B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2007-06-12 | Medical tube fitting |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4853393B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9227047B2 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2016-01-05 | Avent, Inc. | Catheter connector |
KR101650181B1 (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-08-23 | 차지현 | Anal Ointment Infuser |
JP6904033B2 (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2021-07-14 | 株式会社ジェイ・エム・エス | Connector assembly |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6212086A (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-21 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Heater |
JPH0660124B2 (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1994-08-10 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Selective removal of tar generated during carbonylation reaction |
JPH0245759A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1990-02-15 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Instrument for analyzing saccharified albumin |
JPH06281067A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-07 | Shinwa Sangyo Kk | Joint device for piping |
JP3415295B2 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 2003-06-09 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Pipe fittings |
JPH09229276A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-05 | Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd | Connector for connecting small-diameter piping |
JPH1157419A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-03-02 | Toray Ind Inc | Connector for dialyzer and dialyzer |
JP2002115785A (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-19 | Tabuchi Corp | Joint for resin pipe |
JP4774147B2 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2011-09-14 | ブリヂストンフローテック株式会社 | Pipe fitting |
-
2007
- 2007-06-12 JP JP2007154948A patent/JP4853393B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2008307089A (en) | 2008-12-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10932652B2 (en) | Endoscope, image pickup unit, and method of replacing image pickup device in endoscope | |
US20150018616A1 (en) | Medical treatment instrument | |
JP2005131413A (en) | Connector assembly | |
JP2007010153A5 (en) | ||
JP4853393B2 (en) | Medical tube fitting | |
JP6280730B2 (en) | Connector for extracorporeal circuit | |
US10655762B2 (en) | Threaded retainer | |
WO2018193965A1 (en) | Connector assembly | |
US20180242822A1 (en) | Endoscope | |
JP2008200159A (en) | Distal end part of electron endoscope | |
JP6013147B2 (en) | Conversion adapter | |
JP2011041679A (en) | Transducer for blood circulation circuit outside body | |
JP5472706B2 (en) | Pipe fitting | |
JP2011033056A (en) | Pipe joint | |
JP2012107670A (en) | Pipe joint | |
JP5496686B2 (en) | Pipe fitting | |
JP2006223763A (en) | Endoscope | |
JP2006200738A (en) | Fluid transporting tube | |
JPWO2005049129A1 (en) | Connector and connection structure | |
JPWO2008111514A1 (en) | Resin tube connection structure | |
JP3915277B2 (en) | Balloon fixture | |
CN217659780U (en) | Fixed sleeve and pipeline connecting structure | |
JP6058337B2 (en) | Connector with pressure sensor | |
JP2005133766A (en) | Pipe holding member for resin pipe fitting | |
JP2007209390A (en) | Medical tube coupling |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20091116 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20101207 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110203 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110809 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110905 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20110927 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20111010 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20141104 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4853393 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |