JP4716241B2 - Pollution prevention device for water bottom long body burying machine, water bottom long body burying machine, and method for preventing pollution during water bottom long body burial - Google Patents

Description

【００１１】
(4) ルートの変針点に於いては埋設機100の曲がりに対して汚濁防止膜102が追従できず、汚濁水が水面に浮上し拡散する。即ち、汚濁防止膜102と埋設機100が一体となっていない為に曲がり部では位置ずれが生じる。特に変針点のあるルートには不充分な機構である。
【００１２】
(5） 4台の操作用ウインチの配備に伴う布設船スペースの拡大と、それに伴い操作員が増加する。即ち、布設船105のウインチから繰出された6本のワイヤロープを利用して汚濁防止膜102の展開、位置変更、上下移動を行わなければならない。
【００１３】
従って、本発明の主目的は、ケーブル等の長尺体を水底下の所定の深さに埋設する場合に発生する汚濁水の拡散を埋設機周辺部のみに抑制できる水底長尺体埋設機の汚濁防止装置、その装置を用いた埋設機ならびに水底長尺体埋設時の汚濁防止方法を提供することにある。
【００１４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明水底長尺体埋設機の汚濁防止装置は、少なくとも埋設機本体の掘削先端部よりも後方側を覆う前方汚濁防止膜と、この前方汚濁防止膜に連設して水底に向かう傾斜を伴う透水性の後方汚濁防止膜とを具えることを特徴とする。
【００１５】
また、本発明水底長尺体埋設機は、上記の汚濁防止装置を装着したことを特徴とする。
【００１６】
さらに、本発明水底長尺体埋設時の汚濁防止方法は、海底の埋設機で水底を掘削しながら長尺体を埋設する際に、少なくとも埋設機本体における掘削先端部よりも後方側を前方汚濁防止膜で覆い、さらにこの前方汚濁防止膜に連設して水底に向かう傾斜を伴う透水性の後方汚濁防止膜で埋設機本体の後部を覆いながら埋設作業を行うことを特徴とする。
【００１７】
このように、前方汚濁防止膜を設けることで埋設機本体及びその周辺の汚濁水の拡散を抑え、後方汚濁防止膜を設けることで埋設機後方に排出される汚濁水の拡散を抑えることができ、汚濁水の浮上・拡散を効果的に防止することができる。
【００１８】
以下、本発明の主要構成部について詳しく説明する。
【００１９】
（埋設機）
本発明の埋設機の形式は問わない。例えば、鋤式、ウォータージェット式、チェンカッター式等のいずれであっても構わない。埋設機本体の掘削先端部とは、埋設機の長手方向において、水底の掘削が始められる個所を言う。例えば、ウォータージェット式埋設機では、ウォータージェットの噴射ノズルが位置する個所を言う。
【００２０】
（前方汚濁防止膜）
前方汚濁防止膜は、主に埋設機自体の外周を覆うことで汚濁水の拡散を防止する機能を持つ。その材質は、非透水性でも透水性でも構わないが、埋設機前進時の水の抵抗を考慮すれば透水性のシートが好ましい。例えば、強度的にも優れる帆布などが好適である。
【００２１】
この汚濁防止膜は、埋設機の前方側が低くなり、埋設機の上部全体をほぼ覆うよう張ることが好ましい。前方側が低い傾斜とすることで、前進時の水の抵抗を小さくすることができる。より具体的には、屋根型のフレームを本体上の長手方向にわたって形成し、前方汚濁防止膜の前端を本体上面側に固定すると共に、このフレームを覆うように前方汚濁防止膜を装着する。
【００２２】
（後方汚濁防止膜）
後方汚濁防止膜は、主に埋設機後方に排出される汚濁水の拡散を防止すると共に、汚濁水中に含まれる土砂を傾斜に沿ってガイドすることで水底側に導き、掘削溝に収納された長尺体を埋め戻す機能を持つ。その材質は透水性シートとする。例えば、強度的にも優れる帆布などが好適である。
【００２３】
前方汚濁防止膜は、通常、前方側を低い傾斜とすると共に、その傾斜に続く個所は埋設機本体とほぼ平行に形成されるため、埋設機前進時の水の抵抗が比較的かかり難い。これに対して、埋設機後方を覆うように形成される後方汚濁防止膜には、掘削に伴って排出される汚濁水の水の抵抗が大きくかかるため透水性シートとした。例えば、強度的にも優れる帆布などが好適である。
【００２４】
後方汚濁防止膜は、後方が低くなるような傾斜を持たせて取り付ける。この傾斜により、汚濁水中に含まれる土砂を水底側にガイドする。例えば、埋設機の後方に、共通する回転軸を持つ円弧運動自在の複数の屋根型フレームを設け、これらフレームを覆うようにすることで傾斜を持つ後方汚濁防止膜を張ることができる。
【００２５】
埋設機後方のどの範囲にわたって後方汚濁防止膜を設けるかについては、いくつかの選択肢がある。一つは、長めの後方汚濁防止膜のみを用いることであり、もう一つは、短めの後方汚濁防止膜と後に述べる水底摺動用汚濁防止膜や中間汚濁防止膜とを組み合わせることである。通常、埋設機の後方側へ広がる汚濁水は、埋設溝深さの1.5〜3倍程度、特に2倍の長さにわたって埋設機の後方を覆うことでほぼ拡散を防止できる（拡散防止必要長）。そのため、例えば埋設深さの2倍程度の長さにわたる後方汚濁防止膜を形成すれば、前方汚濁防止膜と後方汚濁防止膜のみで汚濁水の拡散をほぼ抑えることができる。一方、後方汚濁防止膜の長さを前記拡散防止必要長よりも短くした場合、埋設溝を十分に埋め戻すことができず、埋め戻されていない埋設溝から汚濁水が漏れることになる。そのため、次に述べる水底摺動用汚濁防止膜や中間汚濁防止膜を組み合わせることで汚濁水の拡散をほぼ抑えることができる。
【００２６】
（水底摺動用汚濁防止膜）
水底摺動用汚濁防止膜は、埋設機の後方に排出される汚濁水を抑え、汚濁水中の土砂の浮上を押えることで埋設溝の埋め戻しを促進する機能を持つ。埋設作業時、後方汚濁防止膜に続いて水底を引きずるように前進される。
【００２７】
この水底摺動用汚濁防止膜は、後方汚濁防止膜に連設される非透水性シートと、このシートに取り付けられるウェイトとで構成することが好ましい。
【００２８】
非透水性シートの具体例としては、ゴムシートが挙げられる。非透水性としても、水底とほぼ平行に配置されるため、埋設機の前進に伴う水の抵抗はあまり問題とならない。一方、水底を引きずられるため、水底の土砂に含まれる異物が引っ掛かったりしないよう表面が平滑で、水底の凹凸に沿う柔軟性を具えるものが好ましい。
【００２９】
また、ウェイトは、その形状は特に問わないが、その重さは非透水性シートがひらめいて汚濁水が漏れることを抑制できる程度とする。非透水性シートへの設置個所は、後方側に設けることが好ましい。例えば、非透水性シートの後縁に沿って取り付けたチェーンなどが好適である。このようなウェイトにより、非透水性シートがひらめいて汚濁水が漏れることを効果的に抑制する。
【００３０】
（中間汚濁防止膜）
中間汚濁防止膜は、拡散防止必要長と後方汚濁防止膜の長さとを考慮した際に、前方汚濁防止膜と後方汚濁防止膜との間をつないで汚濁防止膜で覆われる長さを調整する機能を持つ。その材質は、非透水性でも透水性でも構わないが、埋設機前進時の水の抵抗を考慮すれば透水性のシートが好ましい。例えば、強度的にも優れる帆布などが好適である。
【００３１】
この汚濁防止膜は、埋設機の長手方向に伸縮自在に設置することが好ましい。例えば、埋設機本体よりも後方にて伸縮する支持部材と、この支持部材に装着された屋根状のフレームを設け、このフレームに中間汚濁防止膜を装着すれば良い。
【００３２】
（支持台車構造）
以上の説明では、中間汚濁防止膜や後方汚濁防止膜の設置手段として、埋設機にフレームを形成し、このフレームに汚濁防止膜を装着する具体例を述べた。しかし、中間汚濁防止膜や後方汚濁防止膜が長い場合、これらの全てを埋設機本体に装着することは難しい。そこで、支持台車を用いて中間汚濁防止膜や後方汚濁防止膜を設置すれば、中間汚濁防止膜や後方汚濁防止膜が長くなる場合でも確実に汚濁防止膜の支持が行え、かつ埋設機の進行も円滑に行える。
【００３３】
中間汚濁防止膜は中間支持台車に装着する。中間支持台車は、屋根状に形成したフレームと車輪を具える台車である。このフレームを覆うように中間汚濁防止膜を装着すれば良い。
【００３４】
後方汚濁防止膜は後方支持台車に装着する。後方支持台車は、水底に向かう傾斜を伴うフレームと車輪を具える台車である。この傾斜を伴うフレームに後方汚濁防止膜を装着すれば良い。
【００３５】
また、支持台車を用いた場合、埋設機本体、中間支持台車および後方支持台車の連結には可撓継手を用いることが好ましい。埋設機の進路変更を行う場合、可撓継手の連結により、埋設機本体と各支持台車との連結部が屈曲することで、埋設機の円滑な針路変更を実現する。
【００３６】
その場合、前記埋設機本体、中間支持台車および後方支持台車の各連結部に変針角度調整金具を具えることが好ましい。変針角度調整金具は、各連結部の屈曲角度を調整し、埋設機の円滑な針路変更を実現する。例えば、各連結部の間に出し代を変えられる金具を取り付け、屈曲した際の埋設機本体と中間支持台車あるいは中間支持台車と後方支持台車との間隔を調整できる調整金具が好適である。
【００３７】
また、前記埋設機本体、中間支持台車および後方支持台車の各連結部は、ベローズ膜で覆われていることが好ましい。このベローズ膜で連結部から汚濁水が拡散することを防止し、かつ埋設機本体と各支持台車との連結部の屈曲に追従できるようにする。材質は、透水性でも非透水性でも構わないが、埋設機前進時の水の抵抗を考慮すれば透水性のものが好ましい。例えば、強度的にも優れる帆布などが好適である。
【００３８】
さらに、中間支持台車および後方支持台車と水底面との隙間にスカート膜を形成することが望ましい。このスカート膜により、各支持台車と水底面との隙間から汚濁水が拡散することを防止する。スカート膜は、水底の凹凸に関わらず各支持台車と水底面との隙間を塞ぐことができるようにベローズ状に加工されたものが好ましい。材質は、透水性でも非透水性でも構わないが、埋設機前進時の水の抵抗を考慮すれば透水性のスカート膜が好ましい。例えば、強度的にも優れる帆布などが好適である。
【００３９】
（長尺体）
本発明埋設機または本発明方法により埋設される長尺体には、電力ケーブル、通信ケーブル等のケーブル類の他、送水管なども含まれる。
【００４０】
【発明の実施の形態】
（実施例１：埋設機と汚濁防止装置）
図1〜図3は本発明汚濁防止装置を取り付けた埋設機の一例を示す説明図で、図1は汚濁防止装置の具体例の上面図、図2は図1の側面図、図3(A)は図1のX_１−X_１断面図、図3(B)は図1のX_２−X_２断面図である。
【００４１】
埋設機本体Bは、両側に水中ジェットポンプ16を具え、その中間に掘削フレームB1が取り付けられた構成である。掘削フレームB1が掘削先端部に相当する。掘削フレームB1は、埋設深さを調整するため、埋設機本体Bに対して回動自在に取付けられている。本例では、海底に深さ約3.7mの掘削溝を形成できるサイズの掘削フレームB1とした。掘削フレームB1は、多数のノズルが配列された一対のノズルユニットを具え、このノズルユニットに接続された水中ジェットポンプ16を用いて、図２の左側に向かってウォータージェットを噴出する。ケーブルはノズルユニットの間を通り、ウォータージェットにより形成される掘削溝に収納される。本例では、３つの掘削フレームB1を具える３条ケーブル埋設用の埋設機を示している。
【００４２】
この本体Bには、前方汚濁防止膜10が装着されている。前方汚濁防止膜10は、長さ方向に連続した屋根状に形成したフレーム11の外側に、透水性帆布12を適当間隔で紐又は面ファスナ（商品名：マジックテープ）等で固縛又は固着する。前記透水性帆布12は、例えばポリエステル製で、透水係数2.35×10^−３,3.48×10^−３,5.78×10^−３cm/secの3種類程度の中から水底の土質により選定する。より具体的には、旭化成工業株式会社製パブリックシート（登録商標）＃300、＃500、＃800が利用できる。透水性帆布12の材質は、後述する透水性帆布22及び透水性帆布32においても共通である。又、前記固縛紐又は面ファスナは事前に帆布12の内側に縫い込むか、接着しておく。
【００４３】
このような前方汚濁防止膜10の埋設機本体Bへの取付けは、埋設機本体Bの着底後に布設船A(図10参照)上のクレーンにより水中に降下し、潜水夫が誘導を行いながら、前記屋根状のフレーム11の支柱13を、前記埋設機本体Bに取付けてある支持チャンネル（支持部材）14のガイド金具15に装着し、ボルト等にて固定する。
【００４４】
中間汚濁防止膜20は、長さ方向に間隔をおいて配置した屋根状に形成したフレーム21に、前記前方汚濁防止膜10と同様に透水性帆布22を固着している。埋設機本体Bに支持チャンネル14（支持部材）が設けられ、さらに支持チャンネル14には伸縮自在の延長部24が形成されている。その延長部24に、前方汚濁防止膜10と同様の方法で中間汚濁防止膜20を取付け、前方汚濁防止膜10とともに埋設機本体B及びその周辺をカバーする。この汚濁防止膜20は延長部24に対してフレーム21をスライドして間隔を調整することにより長さ方向に可変である。本例では、中間汚濁防止膜20の伸長時の長さを約３mとした。
【００４５】
本例では中間汚濁防止膜20を設けたが、本発明における必須の構成ではない。この防止膜20は、後述する後方汚濁防止膜30だけでは拡散防止必要長（埋設機本体から埋設溝深さの1.5〜3倍程度）を十分にカバーできない場合に前方汚濁防止膜10と後方汚濁防止膜30との間に介在されるものである。
【００４６】
後方汚濁防止膜30は、前記支持チャンネル14の延長部24の端部に、屋根状に形成したフレーム31の支柱33を、軸34を中心に円弧運動可能に取り付け、このフレーム31を覆うように透水性帆布32を固着している。支柱33の円弧運動により後方汚濁防止膜30は水底に向かう傾斜を形成し、埋設機本体30後方より浮上した掘削土砂が汚濁防止膜30内に落下するよう構成されている。本例では、後方汚濁防止膜30の長さを約1.5mとした。
【００４７】
前記後方汚濁防止膜30の後方には水底摺動用汚濁防止膜40を設けてある。水底摺動用汚濁防止膜40は、例えば長さ約３m、幅10m程度の非透水性帆布43とこれに付加したチェーンウェイト44より成り、水底面を引きずり非透水性帆布43により、水底の掘削に伴う汚濁水の浮上、拡散を防止する。非透水性帆布43は、海底中の異物が引っ掛かって破れたりしないように、表面が平滑なものが好ましい。ここでは、ゴムシートを用いた。埋設機本体の後端から水底摺動用汚濁防止膜40の後端までの長さは約7.5mとなる。
【００４８】
図4は図2の▲１▼▲２▼▲３▼における掘削溝内の状態を示す断面図である。図面においてXは掘削溝、Yは前記掘削溝X内に布設されているケーブル、Zは掘削溝X内に蓄積された水底の土砂である。図面からも分かるように、汚濁防止膜10及び20によりカバーされた埋設機本体Bの周辺は、▲１▼に示すようにケーブルYを少し覆うように僅かの土砂が蓄積される。傾斜部を有する後方汚濁防止膜30の部分では、▲２▼に示すように拡散した土砂は傾斜部の内側に沿って掘削溝X内に落下して多量に蓄積され、掘削溝Xの埋め戻しが行なわれる。さらに、埋設機本体Bの水底の掘削に伴う汚濁水は、▲３▼に示すように水底摺動用汚濁防止膜40より水中に浮上することが防止されて、掘削溝Xがほぼ完全に埋め戻されることがよく理解できる。
【００４９】
（実施例２：埋設機と汚濁防止装置）
次に、支持台車を用いた本発明実施例を説明する。図5〜図7は支持台車を用いた本発明の汚濁防止装置の説明図で、図5は上面図、図6は図5の側面図、図7(A)は図6のX_３−X_３断面図、図7(B)は図5のX_４−X_４の断面図である。本例でも、埋設機本体B自体の構成は、図１〜図３に示したものと同様である。
【００５０】
前方汚濁防止膜10は図1と同様に、長さ方向に連続した屋根状に形成したフレーム11の外側に、透水性帆布12を適当間隔に紐又は面ファスナ等にて固縛又は固定している。このような前方汚濁防止膜10は前記屋根状のフレーム11の支柱13を、埋設機本体Bに取付けてある支持チャンネル14及びガイド金具15に装着し、ボルト等により固定する。このような前方汚濁防止膜10の埋設機本体Bへの取付け作業は図1の場合と同様に行う。
【００５１】
中間汚濁防止膜20は、中間支持台車に装着されている。中間支持台車は長さ方向に連続して屋根状に形成したフレーム21′を具え、その外側に、前方汚濁防止膜10と同様に透水性帆布22を適当間隔に紐又は面ファスナ等で固縛又は固定している。中間支持台車は、支持チャンネル24′を具え、フレーム21′の支柱23はこの支持チャンネル24′に前方汚濁防止膜10と同様の方法で取付けられている。本例では、中間汚濁防止膜20の長さを約3.3mとした。
【００５２】
そして中間支持台車の下部には埋設機本体Bの移動に円滑に追従するために車輪50を取付けてあり、水底移動時の抵抗を軽減する。この車輪50はゴム製又は金属製のものを使用し、水底の起伏に対応するために金属製の緩衝装置50aを設けてある。
【００５３】
後方汚濁防止膜30は、後方支持台車に装着されている。後方支持台車は、長さ方向に連続して水底に近づく方向に傾斜した屋根状のフレーム31′を具え、その外側に、前方汚濁防止膜10と同様に透水性帆布32を適当間隔に紐又は面ファスナ等で固縛又は固定している。後方支持台車は、支持チャンネル34′を具え、フレーム31′の支柱33はこの支持チャンネル34′に前方汚濁防止膜10と同様の方法で取付けられている。本例では、後方汚濁防止膜30の長さを約10mとした。前記傾斜は埋設機本体B後方より浮上した掘削土砂が後方汚濁防止膜30内に落下するように、15〜20°程度の傾斜を設けてある。又、中間汚濁防止膜20と同様に、後方汚濁防止装置30の下部には埋設機本体Bの移動に追従するための車輪50を取付けてあり、移動時の抵抗を軽減する。
【００５４】
前記後方汚濁防止膜30の後方には、水底摺動用汚濁防止膜40を取付けるフレーム41を連結し、そのフレーム41には透水性帆布42を取付け、それより後方は例えば幅約10m、長さ約10mの非透水性帆布43にチェーンウェイト44を付加して水底摺動用汚濁防止膜40を形成し、水底面を引きずり汚濁水の拡散を防止する。
【００５５】
前記本体B10、中間支持台車、後方支持台車の連結は、例えばユニバーサルジョイントの如き可撓継手51を使用し、前進方向に対して左右±15度程度に移動可能な構造とする。又、連結部の隙間部分はベローズ形状に加工した帆布52を取付け、連結部からの汚濁水の外部へのリークを防止する（図5、6）。
【００５６】
ルート上の変針点に接近すると、埋設機本体Bは60mR(約0.5度/m円接線角度)以上の曲率半径で変針しながら進むよう布設船上に設置された前進用ウインチで操作を行う。この際、本発明の汚濁防止装置は埋設機本体Bの変針に追従するように、本体B、中間支持台車、後方支持台車の連結部に変針角度調整金具53を取付けて、埋設機本体Bの前進曲げ半径に適した角度設定を行う。
【００５７】
変針角度調整金具53の詳細を図８、９に基づいて説明する。図８は直進時の連結部を示す平面図、図９は屈曲時の連結部を示す平面図である。連結部は、本体B、中間支持台車、後方支持台車の各間のほぼ中央部に形成されており、両側の支持チャンネル24′に突起部60が、対向する支持チャンネル34′には当て板61が設けられている。この突起部60または当て板61は支持チャンネル24′、34′に対してねじ結合されており、突起部60または当て板61の突出量を調整することで、屈曲時の曲率半径が一定値以下にならないように保持する。
【００５８】
さらに、車輪付き汚濁防止膜20、30の下部から汚濁水がリークするのを防止するために、各汚濁防止膜20、30の下部に位置する支持チャンネル24′、34′より水底面間の隙間にベローズ状に加工した帆布54をスカート状に取付けてある（図６）。
【００５９】
(実施例３：ケーブル埋設時の汚濁防止方法)
図９は実施例２の汚濁防止装置を装着した埋設機を用いて行うケーブル布設方法の概要説明図である。図面において、Aは布設船、Bは埋設機本体、Cは前記埋設機本体Bに装着した本発明の汚濁防止装置である。
【００６０】
電力ケーブル、通信ケーブル等のケーブル類を水底に布設、埋設する場合においてケーブルDは布設船A上のコイルタンクやターンテーブルA1に収納されている。布設船Aと埋設機本体Bはけん引ロープEで連結されて同時に前進し、ケーブルDは布設船A上に設置された繰出機(ホーリングマシン)Fにより、布設船A及び埋設機本体Bの前進速度に合せて繰出され、ケーブルDを支持する掘削フレームを通り埋設機本体Bへ導入されていく。埋設機本体Bには、例えば鋤式、ウォータージェット式、チェーンカッター式等がり、埋設機本体Bは水底を連続して掘削し、ケーブルDを水底下の所定の深さに埋設する。この水底掘削時に発生する土砂等は前述の通り、本発明の汚濁防止装置Cにより各汚濁防止膜の内部に落下し、水中に拡散することを防止する。
【００６１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の汚濁防止装置・掘削機・汚濁防止方法によれば、次に列記するような効果を奏する。
【００６２】
(1) 本発明汚濁防止装置は前方・後方汚濁防止膜を具えているので、埋設機本体及びその周辺は勿論、埋設機後方の土砂等を汚濁防止装置に閉じ込め、浮上、拡散を防止することができ、その汚濁防止効果は極めて大きい。
【００６３】
(2) 水深が深くなり埋設機が布設船より離れても、汚濁防止装置は埋設機に取付けられているので、埋設機とともに水底に位置している。このために、水上の作業範囲は水深10mを越えても拡大することがなく、例えば80mの範囲で作業を行うことができる。
【００６４】
(3) 本発明汚濁防止装置は、埋設機着底後に埋設機に取付け、埋設機揚収時に取外せばよいので、ケーブルの布設、埋設の作業の間は何らの操作や対応を必要とせず、工期の短縮に効果がある。
【００６５】
(4) ケーブルの布設、埋設のルート上に変針点があり、埋設機が変針しても、汚濁防止装置は追従するので、埋設機が汚濁防止装置から逸脱することがない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の汚濁防止装置の一つの実施形態の上面図である。
【図２】図1の側面図である。
【図３】 (A)は図1のX_１−X_１断面図、(B)は図1のX_２−X_２断面図である。
【図４】図2の▲１▼▲２▼▲３▼における掘削溝の状態を示す断面図である。
【図５】本発明の汚濁防止装置の他の実施形態の上面図である。。
【図６】図5の側面図である。。
【図７】 (A)は図6のX_３−X_３断面図、(B)は図5のX_４−X_４断面図である。
【図８】直進時の連結部を示す平面図である。
【図９】屈曲時の連結部を示す平面図である。
【図１０】本発明の汚濁防止装置を装着した埋設機を用いたケーブル布設の概要説明図である。
【図１１】従来のケーブル埋設時の汚濁防止方法を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
A 布設船
B 埋設機本体
C 汚濁防止装置
D ケーブル
E けん引ロープ
F ケーブル繰出機
10 前方汚濁防止膜
11 屋根状のフレーム
12 透水性帆布
13 フレーム支柱
14 支持チャンネル
15 ガイド金具
16 水中ジェットポンプ
20 中間汚濁防止膜
21、21′ 屋根状のフレーム
22 透水性帆布
23 フレームの支柱
24、24′ 支持チャンネル
30 後方汚濁防止膜
31、31′ 屋根状のフレーム
32 透水性帆布
33 フレームの支柱
34 軸
34′ 支持チャンネル
40 水底摺動用汚濁防止膜
41 フレーム
42 透水性帆布
43 非透水性帆布
44 チェーンウェイト
50 車輪
51 可撓継手
52 ベローズ形状の帆布
53 変針角度調整金具
54 ベローズ形状の帆布
60 突起部
61 当て板
100 埋設機
101 水底ケーブル
102 汚濁防止膜
103 浮揚体
104 後方支持部材
105 布設船
106 前方展開ワイヤ
107 後方展開ワイヤ
108 汚濁防止膜展開用アンカー[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a long bottom body capable of preventing diffusion of excavated soil and the like of an embedding machine when embedding cables such as power cables, communication cables, or water pipes, etc., in the water bottom by an embedding machine that advances the bottom of the water. The present invention relates to a pollution prevention device for a burial machine, a burial machine using the device, and a pollution prevention method for burying a long bottom body.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When cables such as power cables and communication cables are laid and buried on the bottom of the water, the cables are stored in a coil tank or a turntable on the laying ship. The laying ship and the burial machine are connected by a tow rope and move forward at the same time, and the cable is fed by the feeding machine (holing machine) installed on the laying ship in accordance with the forward speed of the laying ship and the burying machine, and supports the cable. It will be introduced into the burial machine through the excavation frame. The burial machine includes, for example, a saddle type, a water jet type, a chain cutter type, etc., and the burial machine continuously excavates the bottom of the water in order to bury the cable at a predetermined depth below the bottom of the water. As one of methods for preventing the diffusion of contaminated water due to earth and sand generated during water bottom excavation, for example, there is a technique shown in FIG.
[0003]
In this pollution prevention technology, when the submarine cable 101 is embedded in the bottom of the water by the embedding machine 100, the flexible antifouling film 102 is supported from the water by the four floating bodies 103 so as to surround the embedding machine 100. It is the structure installed in the water. The rear support member 104 is installed in the water behind the burial machine 100, and the floating body 103 or the pollution prevention film 102 is pulled forward by the laying ship 105 through the front deployment wire 106 such as a wire. At the same time, the anti-fouling film 102 is expanded and advanced in the form of a square cylinder by pulling backward through the rear deployment wire 107 such as a wire by the rear support member 104.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-described conventional pollution prevention configuration has the following problems.
[0005]
(1) The structure is complicated and the operation is not easy, and the work takes time. That is, cylindrical antifouling membrane deployment anchors 108 supported by four floats 103, upper and rear support members, membrane lifting and lowering devices, membrane deployment devices, six wire ropes, four winches, etc. The operation is complicated. Moreover, the levitated body 103 and the pollution control film 102 are easily affected by tidal currents and waves, and it takes a lot of time for the work, and the cable laying and burying work must be interrupted for the operation. The degree of progress is significantly reduced.
[0006]
(2) It is necessary to frequently replace the membrane deployment anchor 108. That is, since the membrane deployment anchor 108 and the rear support member 104 are connected and fixed near the bottom of the water, it is necessary to replace the anchor 108 every time the laying ship 105 and the embedding machine 100 advance 300 to 400 m. Become. In particular, when there are many turning points in the route, the anchor 108 needs to be frequently replaced.
[0007]
(3) As the water depth increases, the dedicated work area on the water expands. That is, as the water depth becomes deeper, the position of the burying machine 100 moves away from the laying ship 105, and thus the pollution prevention film 102 must be moved backward.
[0008]
The dedicated work manager who experimented by combining the laying method of the applicant company using the pollution control film of the prior art is as follows.
[0009]
The towing angle of the buried machine is usually 25 degrees, the front length of the laying ship (L1), the length of the laying ship (L2), the laying ship tail-the front length of the embedding machine (L3), the laying stern-behind the pollution control membrane ( Table 1 shows the relationship between L4) and overall work length (L5) for each water depth. For example, if the dedicated water length (L5) at the time of submarine cable laying work in the crossing of the channel is limited to 80 m, the prior art cannot cope with the water depth exceeding 10 m.
[0010]
[Table 1]

[0011]
(4) At the turning point of the route, the pollution prevention film 102 cannot follow the bending of the embedding machine 100, and the polluted water rises and diffuses on the water surface. That is, since the pollution prevention film 102 and the embedding machine 100 are not integrated, a misalignment occurs at the bent portion. In particular, this mechanism is insufficient for a route having a turning point.
[0012]
(5) The space for laying ships will increase with the deployment of four operation winches, and the number of operators will increase accordingly. That is, it is necessary to develop, change the position, and move up and down of the pollution prevention film 102 using six wire ropes fed from the winch of the laying ship 105.
[0013]
Accordingly, the main object of the present invention is to provide a waterbed long body embedding machine that can suppress the diffusion of polluted water that occurs when a long body such as a cable is buried at a predetermined depth below the waterbed only to the periphery of the embedding machine. An object of the present invention is to provide a pollution prevention device, a burying machine using the device, and a pollution prevention method at the time of burying a long bottom body.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The pollution control device for a long bottom buried apparatus according to the present invention includes a forward pollution prevention film covering at least the rear side of the excavation tip of the buried machine main body, and an inclination toward the bottom of the water connected to the forward pollution prevention film. It is characterized by comprising a water-permeable rear pollution prevention film.
[0015]
Moreover, this invention bottom long body embedding machine is equipped with said pollution prevention apparatus.
[0016]
Further, according to the method for preventing pollution when embedding a long bottom of the present invention, when burying a long body while excavating the bottom of the water with an undersea burial machine, at least the rear side of the excavation tip of the burial machine body is polluted forward. Covering with a prevention film, and further embedment work is performed while covering the rear part of the main body of the embedding machine with a water-permeable rear pollution prevention film that is connected to the front pollution prevention film and has an inclination toward the bottom of the water.
[0017]
In this way, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of contaminated water in the burial machine body and its surroundings by providing a front anti-pollution film, and to suppress the diffusion of polluted water discharged behind the burial machine by providing a rear anti-pollution film. It is possible to effectively prevent the floating water from floating and spreading.
[0018]
Hereinafter, the main components of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0019]
(Burial machine)
The form of the embedding machine of this invention does not ask | require. For example, any of a saddle type, a water jet type, a chain cutter type and the like may be used. The excavation tip of the buried machine main body refers to a point where excavation of the bottom of the water begins in the longitudinal direction of the buried machine. For example, in a water jet type embedding machine, it refers to a location where a water jet spray nozzle is located.
[0020]
(Forward pollution prevention film)
The forward pollution prevention film mainly has a function of preventing the diffusion of the polluted water by covering the outer periphery of the embedding machine itself. The material may be water-impermeable or water-permeable, but a water-permeable sheet is preferable in consideration of the resistance of water during advancement of the embedding machine. For example, a canvas having excellent strength is suitable.
[0021]
The antifouling film is preferably stretched so that the front side of the burying machine is lowered and substantially covers the entire upper part of the burying machine. By setting the front side to a low slope, it is possible to reduce water resistance during forward travel. More specifically, a roof-type frame is formed in the longitudinal direction on the main body, the front end of the front antifouling film is fixed to the upper surface of the main body, and the front antifouling film is attached so as to cover the frame.
[0022]
(Rear pollution prevention film)
The rear anti-pollution membrane mainly prevents the diffusion of the polluted water discharged to the rear of the burial machine and guides the earth and sand contained in the polluted water along the slope to guide it to the bottom of the water and is stored in the excavation trench Has the ability to backfill long bodies. The material is a water-permeable sheet. For example, a canvas having excellent strength is suitable.
[0023]
The front anti-pollution film usually has a low slope on the front side, and the portion following the slope is formed substantially parallel to the main body of the embedding machine. On the other hand, since the resistance of the polluted water discharged | emitted with excavation is large in the back pollution prevention film formed so that the back of an embedding machine may be covered, it was set as the water-permeable sheet. For example, a canvas having excellent strength is suitable.
[0024]
The rear anti-pollution film is attached with an inclination that makes the rear lower. By this inclination, the earth and sand contained in the polluted water is guided to the bottom of the water. For example, a plurality of arc-movable roof-type frames having a common rotation axis are provided behind the burying machine, and an inclined rear pollution prevention film can be stretched by covering these frames.
[0025]
There are several options as to which area behind the buried machine is provided with the anti-pollution membrane. One is to use only the longer rear pollution prevention film, and the other is to combine the shorter rear pollution prevention film with the water bottom sliding pollution prevention film and the intermediate pollution prevention film described later. Normally, the polluted water spreading to the rear side of the buried machine can be almost prevented from spreading by covering the rear of the buried machine over 1.5 to 3 times the depth of the buried groove, especially twice the length (necessary length to prevent diffusion) . Therefore, for example, if a rear pollution prevention film having a length of about twice the embedding depth is formed, the diffusion of the polluted water can be substantially suppressed by only the front pollution prevention film and the rear pollution prevention film. On the other hand, when the length of the back pollution prevention film is made shorter than the length required for preventing diffusion, the buried groove cannot be sufficiently refilled, and the polluted water leaks from the buried groove that is not backfilled. Therefore, the diffusion of contaminated water can be substantially suppressed by combining the water bottom sliding pollution prevention film and the intermediate pollution prevention film described below.
[0026]
(Water pollution prevention film for water bottom sliding)
The pollution preventing film for sliding on the bottom of the water has a function of suppressing the polluted water discharged to the rear of the burying machine and promoting the backfilling of the buried groove by suppressing the floating of the earth and sand in the contaminated water. At the time of burial work, it is advanced so as to drag the bottom of the water following the anti-pollution membrane.
[0027]
It is preferable that the water bottom sliding pollution preventing film is composed of a water-impermeable sheet connected to the rear pollution preventing film and a weight attached to the sheet.
[0028]
A specific example of the water-impermeable sheet is a rubber sheet. Even if it is non-permeable, since it is arranged substantially parallel to the bottom of the water, the resistance of water accompanying the advancement of the buried machine is not a problem. On the other hand, since the bottom of the water is dragged, it is preferable that the surface is smooth so that the foreign matter contained in the sediment on the bottom of the water does not get caught and has flexibility along the unevenness of the bottom of the water.
[0029]
Further, the weight of the weight is not particularly limited, but the weight is set to a level that can prevent the water-impermeable sheet from inspiring and leaking contaminated water. The installation location on the water-impermeable sheet is preferably provided on the rear side. For example, a chain attached along the rear edge of the water-impermeable sheet is suitable. Such weight effectively suppresses the leakage of contaminated water due to the impervious sheet.
[0030]
(Intermediate pollution prevention film)
When considering the length required to prevent diffusion and the length of the rear pollution prevention film, the intermediate pollution prevention film connects the front pollution prevention film and the rear pollution prevention film to adjust the length covered with the pollution prevention film. Has function. The material may be water-impermeable or water-permeable, but a water-permeable sheet is preferable in consideration of the resistance of water during advancement of the embedding machine. For example, a canvas having excellent strength is suitable.
[0031]
This anti-pollution film is preferably installed so as to be stretchable in the longitudinal direction of the burying machine. For example, a support member that expands and contracts behind the embedding machine main body and a roof-like frame attached to the support member may be provided, and an intermediate pollution prevention film may be attached to the frame.
[0032]
(Supporting cart structure)
In the above description, a specific example has been described in which a frame is formed in an embedding machine as a means for installing an intermediate pollution prevention film and a rear pollution prevention film, and the pollution prevention film is attached to this frame. However, when the intermediate pollution prevention film and the rear pollution prevention film are long, it is difficult to attach all of them to the buried machine main body. Therefore, if an intermediate pollution prevention film or a rear pollution prevention film is installed using a support cart, even if the middle pollution prevention film or the rear pollution prevention film becomes long, the pollution prevention film can be reliably supported and the progress of the burial machine Can also be done smoothly.
[0033]
The intermediate pollution prevention film is attached to the intermediate support cart. The intermediate support cart is a cart having a frame and wheels formed in a roof shape. An intermediate pollution prevention film may be attached so as to cover this frame.
[0034]
The rear pollution prevention film is attached to the rear support cart. The rear support cart is a cart having a frame and wheels with an inclination toward the bottom of the water. What is necessary is just to attach a back pollution prevention film | membrane to the flame | frame with this inclination.
[0035]
Moreover, when a support cart is used, it is preferable to use a flexible joint for the connection of the embedding machine body, the intermediate support cart, and the rear support cart. When changing the course of the buried machine, the connection between the buried machine body and each support carriage is bent by connecting the flexible joint, thereby realizing a smooth course change of the buried machine.
[0036]
In that case, it is preferable to provide a changing angle adjustment fitting at each connecting portion of the buried machine main body, the intermediate support carriage, and the rear support carriage. The needle changing angle adjusting bracket adjusts the bending angle of each connecting portion to realize a smooth course change of the buried machine. For example, an adjustment metal fitting that can adjust the interval between the buried machine main body and the intermediate support carriage or the intermediate support carriage and the rear support carriage when the metal fitting that can change the allowance is attached between the connecting portions and is bent is suitable.
[0037]
Moreover, it is preferable that each connection part of the said embedding machine main body, an intermediate | middle support cart, and a back support cart is covered with the bellows film | membrane. This bellows membrane prevents the polluted water from diffusing from the connecting portion, and can follow the bending of the connecting portion between the buried machine main body and each support carriage. The material may be water permeable or non water permeable, but is preferably water permeable in consideration of the resistance of water during advancement of the buried machine. For example, a canvas having excellent strength is suitable.
[0038]
Furthermore, it is desirable to form a skirt film in the gap between the intermediate support carriage and the rear support carriage and the water bottom. This skirt film prevents the polluted water from diffusing from the gap between each support carriage and the water bottom. The skirt film is preferably processed into a bellows shape so as to close the gap between each support carriage and the water bottom regardless of the unevenness of the water bottom. The material may be water-permeable or non-permeable, but a water-permeable skirt membrane is preferable in consideration of the resistance of water during advancement of the buried machine. For example, a canvas having excellent strength is suitable.
[0039]
(Long body)
In addition to cables such as a power cable and a communication cable, the long body embedded by the present embedding machine or the present method includes a water pipe and the like.
[0040]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Example 1: buried machine and pollution control device)
1 to 3 are explanatory views showing an example of an embedding machine equipped with the pollution control device of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a top view of a specific example of the pollution control device, FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. ) In Figure 1 ₁ −X ₁ Sectional view, Fig. 3 (B) is X in Fig. 1. ₂ −X ₂ It is sectional drawing.
[0041]
The burial machine main body B has a configuration in which a submerged jet pump 16 is provided on both sides, and an excavation frame B1 is attached in the middle thereof. The excavation frame B1 corresponds to the excavation tip. The excavation frame B1 is rotatably attached to the embedding machine main body B in order to adjust the embedding depth. In this example, the excavation frame B1 has a size capable of forming an excavation groove having a depth of about 3.7 m on the seabed. The excavation frame B1 includes a pair of nozzle units in which a large number of nozzles are arranged, and jets a water jet toward the left side of FIG. 2 using a submerged jet pump 16 connected to the nozzle units. The cable passes between the nozzle units and is stored in a digging groove formed by a water jet. In this example, an embedding machine for embedding three-strip cables having three excavation frames B1 is shown.
[0042]
The main body B is provided with a front pollution prevention film 10. The front pollution prevention film 10 is fixed or fixed to a permeable canvas 12 with a string or hook-and-loop fastener (trade name: Velcro) at an appropriate interval on the outside of a frame 11 formed in a roof shape continuous in the length direction. . The water permeable canvas 12 is made of, for example, polyester and has a water permeability of 2.35 × 10. ^-3 , 3.48 × 10 ^-3 , 5.78 × 10 ^-3 Select from 3 types of cm / sec depending on the soil quality of the bottom. More specifically, public sheets (registered trademark) # 300, # 500, and # 800 manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation can be used. The material of the permeable canvas 12 is common to the permeable canvas 22 and the permeable canvas 32 described later. The lashing strap or hook-and-loop fastener is sewn or bonded to the inside of the canvas 12 in advance.
[0043]
The installation of the forward antifouling film 10 to the burial machine main body B is performed after the bottom of the burial machine main body B is lowered into the water by a crane on the laying ship A (see FIG. 10) The column 13 of the roof-like frame 11 is attached to a guide metal fitting 15 of a support channel (support member) 14 attached to the burial machine body B, and fixed with bolts or the like.
[0044]
The intermediate pollution preventing film 20 has a water permeable canvas 22 fixed to a frame 21 formed in a roof shape arranged at intervals in the length direction, like the front pollution preventing film 10. The buried machine body B is provided with a support channel 14 (support member), and the support channel 14 is formed with a telescopic extension 24. An intermediate pollution prevention film 20 is attached to the extension 24 in the same manner as the front pollution prevention film 10, and the buried machine main body B and its periphery are covered together with the front pollution prevention film 10. The anti-fouling film 20 is variable in the longitudinal direction by adjusting the distance by sliding the frame 21 with respect to the extension 24. In this example, the length when the intermediate pollution prevention film 20 is extended is about 3 m.
[0045]
In this example, the intermediate pollution prevention film 20 is provided, but it is not an essential configuration in the present invention. This prevention film 20 and the rear pollution prevention film 30 described later alone and the rear pollution prevention film 10 and the rear pollution when the necessary length for preventing diffusion (about 1.5 to 3 times the buried groove depth from the buried machine body) cannot be sufficiently covered. It is interposed between the prevention film 30.
[0046]
The rear pollution prevention film 30 is attached to the end portion of the extension portion 24 of the support channel 14 by attaching a column 33 of a frame 31 formed in a roof shape so as to be movable in an arc around an axis 34 so as to cover the frame 31. The permeable canvas 32 is fixed. The rear pollution prevention film 30 forms an inclination toward the bottom of the water by the circular motion of the column 33, and the excavated earth and sand that floats from the rear of the embedding machine main body 30 falls into the pollution prevention film 30. In this example, the length of the rear pollution prevention film 30 is about 1.5 m.
[0047]
A water bottom sliding pollution preventing film 40 is provided behind the rear pollution preventing film 30. The bottom-sliding antifouling membrane 40 is composed of, for example, a non-permeable canvas 43 having a length of about 3 m and a width of about 10 m and a chain weight 44 attached to the non-permeable canvas 43. Prevent the rising and spreading of the contaminated water. The non-permeable canvas 43 preferably has a smooth surface so that foreign matter in the seabed is not caught and broken. Here, a rubber sheet was used. The length from the rear end of the buried machine main body to the rear end of the water bottom sliding antifouling film 40 is about 7.5 m.
[0048]
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in the excavation groove at (1), (2), and (3) in FIG. In the drawing, X is a digging groove, Y is a cable laid in the digging groove X, and Z is sediment at the bottom of the water accumulated in the digging groove X. As can be seen from the drawing, a small amount of earth and sand is accumulated around the embedding machine main body B covered with the antifouling films 10 and 20 so as to slightly cover the cable Y as shown in (1). In the part of the rear pollution prevention film 30 having the inclined portion, the diffused earth and sand falls into the excavation groove X along the inner side of the inclined portion and is accumulated in large quantities, and the excavation groove X is backfilled. Is done. Further, as shown in (3), the polluted water accompanying excavation of the bottom of the buried machine body B is prevented from floating into the water from the bottom sliding antifouling film 40, and the excavation groove X is almost completely backfilled. Can understand well.
[0049]
(Example 2: buried machine and pollution control device)
Next, the Example of this invention using a support trolley is described. 5 to 7 are explanatory views of the pollution control device of the present invention using a support carriage, FIG. 5 is a top view, FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5, and FIG. ₃ −X ₃ Cross section, Fig. 7 (B) is X in Fig. 5. ₄ −X ₄ FIG. Also in this example, the configuration of the embedding machine main body B itself is the same as that shown in FIGS.
[0050]
In the same manner as in FIG. 1, the front antifouling membrane 10 is secured or fixed to the outer side of the frame 11 formed in a roof shape continuous in the length direction with a string or a hook-and-loop fastener at an appropriate interval. Yes. Such a forward anti-fouling film 10 attaches the column 13 of the roof-like frame 11 to the support channel 14 and the guide fitting 15 attached to the burial machine main body B and fixes them with bolts or the like. The operation of attaching the forward anti-fouling film 10 to the embedding machine main body B is performed in the same manner as in FIG.
[0051]
The intermediate pollution prevention film 20 is attached to the intermediate support carriage. The intermediate support trolley has a frame 21 'formed in a roof shape continuously in the length direction, and on the outer side, the permeable canvas 22 is secured with a string or a hook-and-loop fastener at an appropriate interval in the same manner as the front antifouling film 10. Or it is fixed. The intermediate support carriage includes a support channel 24 ′, and the column 23 of the frame 21 ′ is attached to the support channel 24 ′ in the same manner as the front antifouling film 10. In this example, the length of the intermediate pollution prevention film 20 is about 3.3 m.
[0052]
And the wheel 50 is attached to the lower part of the intermediate support carriage in order to smoothly follow the movement of the buried machine main body B, and the resistance at the time of water bottom movement is reduced. The wheel 50 is made of rubber or metal, and a metal shock absorber 50a is provided in order to cope with the undulation of the bottom of the water.
[0053]
The rear pollution prevention film 30 is attached to the rear support carriage. The rear support carriage has a roof-like frame 31 ′ that is inclined in a direction that approaches the bottom of the water continuously in the length direction, and a permeable canvas 32 is stringed or attached to the outer side thereof in the same manner as the front antifouling film 10. It is secured or fixed with hook-and-loop fasteners. The rear support carriage includes a support channel 34 ′, and the column 33 of the frame 31 ′ is attached to the support channel 34 ′ in the same manner as the front antifouling film 10. In this example, the length of the rear pollution prevention film 30 is about 10 m. The slope is provided with a slope of about 15 to 20 ° so that the excavated earth and sand levitated from the back of the buried machine body B falls into the rear pollution prevention film 30. Similarly to the intermediate pollution prevention film 20, a wheel 50 for following the movement of the buried machine main body B is attached to the lower part of the rear pollution prevention apparatus 30 to reduce the resistance during movement.
[0054]
A frame 41 for attaching the water bottom sliding pollution prevention film 40 is connected to the rear of the rear pollution prevention film 30, and a water-permeable canvas 42 is attached to the frame 41, and the rear side thereof has, for example, a width of about 10 m and a length of about A chain weight 44 is added to a 10 m water-impermeable canvas 43 to form a bottom sliding anti-fouling membrane 40, and the bottom of the water is dragged to prevent the diffusion of polluted water.
[0055]
The main body B10, the intermediate support carriage, and the rear support carriage are connected to each other by using a flexible joint 51 such as a universal joint and movable about ± 15 degrees to the left and right with respect to the forward direction. In addition, a canvas 52 processed into a bellows shape is attached to the gap portion of the connecting portion to prevent leakage of contaminated water from the connecting portion to the outside (FIGS. 5 and 6).
[0056]
When approaching the turning point on the route, the buried machine main body B operates with a forward winch installed on the laying ship so as to advance while changing the course at a radius of curvature of 60 mR (about 0.5 degrees / m tangent angle). At this time, the anti-pollution device of the present invention is attached to the connecting portion of the main body B, the intermediate support carriage, and the rear support carriage so that the needle change of the buried machine main body B is followed, Set the angle suitable for the forward bending radius.
[0057]
The details of the needle changing angle adjustment fitting 53 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the connecting portion when traveling straight, and FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the connecting portion when bent. The connecting portion is formed at a substantially central portion between the main body B, the intermediate support carriage, and the rear support carriage. The protrusions 60 are formed on the support channels 24 'on both sides, and the contact plate 61 is provided on the opposite support channel 34'. Is provided. The protrusion 60 or the contact plate 61 is screwed to the support channels 24 'and 34', and the radius of curvature at the time of bending is less than a certain value by adjusting the protrusion amount of the protrusion 60 or the contact plate 61. Hold so that it does not become.
[0058]
Further, in order to prevent the polluted water from leaking from the lower part of the antifouling films 20 and 30 with wheels, a gap between the bottom surfaces of the support channels 24 'and 34' located under the respective antifouling films 20 and 30 is provided. A canvas 54 processed into a bellows shape is attached in a skirt shape (FIG. 6).
[0059]
(Example 3: Pollution prevention method when burying cables)
FIG. 9 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a cable laying method performed using a burial machine equipped with the pollution control device of the second embodiment. In the drawings, A is a laying ship, B is an embedding machine body, and C is a pollution control device of the present invention mounted on the embedding machine body B.
[0060]
When laying and burying cables such as power cables and communication cables on the bottom of the water, the cable D is stored in a coil tank or a turntable A1 on the laying ship A. The laying ship A and the burial machine main body B are connected by a tow rope E and advance at the same time. It is fed in accordance with the speed and is introduced into the burial machine body B through the excavation frame that supports the cable D. The buried machine main body B includes, for example, a saddle type, a water jet type, a chain cutter type, and the like. The buried machine main body B continuously excavates the bottom of the water and embeds the cable D at a predetermined depth below the bottom of the water. As described above, the earth and sand generated at the time of water bottom excavation is prevented from falling into the inside of each pollution prevention film by the pollution prevention apparatus C of the present invention and diffusing into water.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the pollution control device, excavator, and pollution prevention method of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
[0062]
(1) Since the pollution control device of the present invention is provided with a front / rear pollution prevention film, the earth and sand in the back of the buried machine as well as the buried machine body and its surroundings are confined in the pollution prevention device to prevent floating and diffusion. And its pollution prevention effect is extremely large.
[0063]
(2) Even if the water depth becomes deeper and the buried machine is separated from the laying ship, the pollution control device is attached to the buried machine, so it is located at the bottom of the water with the buried machine. For this reason, the work range on the water does not expand even when the water depth exceeds 10 m, and the work can be performed in the range of 80 m, for example.
[0064]
(3) The pollution control device of the present invention may be attached to the burial machine after the burial machine reaches the bottom and removed when the burial machine is unloaded, so there is no need for any operation or handling during cable laying and burial work. Effective in shortening the construction period.
[0065]
(4) There is a turning point on the cable laying and burying route, and even if the burying machine changes, the pollution control device will follow, so the burying machine will not deviate from the pollution control device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a top view of one embodiment of a pollution control device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG.
[Figure 3] (A) is the X in Figure 1 ₁ −X ₁ Sectional view, (B) is X in FIG. ₂ −X ₂ It is sectional drawing.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of excavation grooves in (1), (2), and (3) of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a top view of another embodiment of the pollution control device of the present invention. .
6 is a side view of FIG. 5. FIG. .
Fig. 7 (A) is X in Fig. 6 ₃ −X ₃ Sectional view, (B) is X in FIG. ₄ −X ₄ It is sectional drawing.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a connecting portion when traveling straight.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a connecting portion when bent.
FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram of cable laying using an embedding machine equipped with the pollution control device of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a conventional pollution prevention method when a cable is embedded.
[Explanation of symbols]
A laying ship
B Embedded machine body
C Pollution prevention device
D cable
E Towing rope
F Cable feeder
10 Forward pollution prevention membrane
11 Roof frame
12 Permeable canvas
13 Frame support
14 Support channel
15 Guide bracket
16 Submersible jet pump
20 Intermediate pollution prevention membrane
21, 21 ′ Roof-like frame
22 Permeable canvas
23 Frame support
24, 24 ′ support channel
30 Back pollution prevention membrane
31, 31 ′ Roof frame
32 permeable canvas
33 Frame support
34 axes
34 ′ support channel
40 Pollution prevention membrane for water bottom sliding
41 frames
42 permeable canvas
43 Non-permeable canvas
44 Chain weight
50 wheels
51 Flexible joint
52 Bellows-shaped canvas
53 Stitch angle adjustment bracket
54 Bellows-shaped canvas
60 Protrusion
61 Batting plate
100 buried machine
101 Underwater cable
102 Antifouling membrane
103 Levitation body
104 Rear support member
105 Laying Ship
106 Forward deployment wire
107 Back deployment wire
108 Anti-pollution membrane anchor

Claims (9)

A front antifouling film covering at least the rear side of the excavation tip of the buried machine body;
A water-permeable rear anti-pollution membrane with an inclination toward the bottom of the water connected to the front anti-pollution membrane ,
An anti- pollution device for an underwater long body embedding machine, comprising: a non-water-permeable anti-water sliding anti-pollution membrane connected to the rear anti-pollution membrane . The water bottom length according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate pollution prevention film continuously provided between the front pollution prevention film and the rear pollution prevention film and extending rearward from the embedding machine main body. Anti-contamination device for a scale embedding machine. The said front pollution prevention film | membrane was mounted | worn with the roof-shaped flame | frame formed in a burial machine main body, The pollution control apparatus of the waterbed long body burying machine of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. The water bottom length according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rear pollution prevention film is attached to a roof-like frame that is attached to the rear side of the embedding machine main body so as to freely move in an arc. Anti-contamination device for a scale embedding machine. A support member that expands and contracts behind the burial machine body;
It has a roof-like frame that is slidably attached to this support member,
The pollution control device for a long bottom submerged machine according to claim 2, wherein the intermediate pollution prevention film is attached to the frame. 6. The water bottom long body embedding machine according to claim 1, wherein the water bottom sliding pollution prevention film is composed of a water-impermeable sheet and a weight added thereto. Prevention device. Comprising a supporting carriage connected to the buried machine;
6. The apparatus for preventing pollution of a long bottom submerged machine according to claim 2, wherein the rear pollution prevention film and the intermediate pollution prevention film are attached to a roof-like frame formed on the support carriage. Water bottom long body buried machine, characterized in that wearing the pollution preventing device according to any one of claims 1-7. When burying a long body while excavating the bottom of the water with an undersea burial machine, cover at least the rear side of the excavation tip of the burial machine body with a front anti-pollution film,
Covering the rear portion of the buried main body in water-permeable rear pollution film with inclined towards the bottom of the water by continuously to forward pollution prevention film this,
Further, the method for preventing pollution at the time of embedding a long water bottom, characterized in that the embedding operation is performed while dragging the bottom of the water with a non-water-permeable bottom-sliding anti-sludge pollution film continuously provided behind the rear pollution prevention film .

Images