JP4710783B2 - Electrostatic discharge method and apparatus, electrostatic work method and apparatus using them - Google Patents

Description

  In the present invention, an electrostatic discharge system electrostatically discharges one or more raw materials or treatment materials in a predetermined direction as a charged fine material, and the electrostatic discharge has an electric potential difference with the target. The present invention relates to an electrostatic discharge method and apparatus that are electrostatically attached to a surface and used for electrostatic work such as recovery and surface treatment, and an electrostatic work method and apparatus using them.

  Such an electrostatic discharge system is, for example, an electron that can discharge a raw material or processing material that is a polymer solution as a fine material such as fine fibers, powders, and particles of nano-units, if necessary, accompanied by electrostatic explosion caused by charging. Represented by an electrospinning system called a spinning method or a charge induction spinning method, the electrostatically discharged fine material is collected as a web or the like by electrostatic adhesion deposition on the target surface (for example, Patent Document 1). (See, for example, Patent Document 2).

  In such electrostatic work, sometimes the collection or surface treatment, the adhesion of fine materials, the density distribution of deposition is uniform, the raw materials, the treatment materials or the fine materials from which they are electrostatically discharged. It is important or strongly required that the distribution of the mixing ratio is uniform when the polymer solutions are of different polymer solutions.

  The arrangement direction by rotating the fibers released along with the stretching due to the electric field, which is called electrostatic explosion, from two or more spinning stock supply parts arranged on a straight line while collecting them on a collector having a potential difference. In the electrostatic work of forming a fiber assembly, that is, a web, by transporting in a direction orthogonal to the direction, at least in the width direction of the collection body, that is, in the direction orthogonal to the transport direction, the amount of fibers in the center is large and the fibers in both ends The electric field created by the fibers electrostatically discharged by this insulator is carried out in an environment where the insulator exists outside the two spinning dope supply units located at the extreme ends because the amount tends to decrease. Technology is already known that prevents the amount of fibers from being reduced at both ends by suppressing the spread of the fiber accumulation position by repelling the fibers due to charging, and the same thing can be done in the transport direction. Is (e.g., see Patent Document 3.).

And a nonwoven fabric assembly comprising one or more fibers by a belt blowing method, a nanofiber (NGJ) technique by gas jet, and an electrospinning or electrospinning method, wherein the fibers are an adhesive component, an elastomer component , And one or more composite fibers containing a hydrophilic component are obtained, and a technique for exhibiting a plurality of properties according to a combination of materials as a non-woven fiber assembly such as a medical bandage is proposed, and hydrophilicity is realized. A plurality of reservoirs for containing one or more types of fiber forming materials, such as components, elastomeric components, and adhesive components, a plurality of valves each independently communicating with the reservoir, and a spinneret, NGJ nozzle, and spinning It is already known together with a device including a fiber forming device communicating with a valve selected from the group consisting of devices (for example, see Patent Document 4). . Here, Patent Document 4 discloses a fiber in which a plurality of different materials are mixed, a non-woven fiber assembly formed thereby, and a manufacturing method or apparatus thereof.
JP 2002-201559 A JP-T-2006-507428 JP 2005-264353 A JP-T-2006-501373

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 3, fibers that are electrostatically discharged with charge from the spinning dope supply unit arranged in the width direction are conveyed while being accumulated on the collecting body. While the deposition density is leveled to some extent in the transport direction by the function of sequentially shifting the position, the width direction reflects the non-uniformity of the density distribution of fibers discharged from each spinning dope supply section to the electrostatic working space. On the other hand, at the both ends in the width direction, the rebound from the fine material due to the charging of the insulator suppresses the spread of the collection area of the released fibers from the end spinning dope supply section, thereby collecting the fibers on the aggregate. Although it is recognized as a technique that eliminates the fact that the amount of fiber in the body is less than the central part at both ends, the discharge area of the fibers discharged electrostatically from the individual spinning dope supply parts is shown in FIGS. As seen in the plan view Even if the large difference in the amount of fiber between the center and both ends can be eliminated to some extent, the difference in the pulsating accumulation density corresponding to the distribution of the fiber discharge area cannot be completely eliminated. It is. This is almost the same in the case where the expansion of the accumulation area by the insulator is suppressed at both ends of the spinning dope supply section arranged in the transport direction. Further, the non-uniform density distribution of the released fibers brings about non-uniformity of recovery and surface treatment efficiency, and it can be said that the efficiency of the recovery and surface treatment becomes lower as the density is lower than the high density region.

  If the technique described in Patent Document 3 is applied to a technique for collecting and surface-treating fibers on a stationary collector, the uneven adhesion due to the distribution of the emission area as described above and the uneven deposition are reflected as they are. As the fine material to be electrostatically discharged becomes finer than non-fiber particles such as powder and nanoparticles, the uneven distribution density of electrostatic discharge is more likely to be reflected in the adhesion density and the deposition density. In the surface treatment, there is a problem that such unevenness hinders the uniform treatment, and the uneven distribution itself generated in the fine material itself made of the same material that is electrostatically discharged from the same spinning solution supply unit may also be a problem. However, the technique described in Patent Document 3 cannot cope with it at all.

  In addition, as described in Patent Document 4, when manufacturing a web in which different materials are mixed or performing surface treatment in order to exhibit a plurality of medical properties, the different materials are used from the intended point. Spinning and discharging from one spinning system as described in Patent Document 4 in a mixed state, or using a plurality of spinning systems as described in Patent Document 1 to individually spin and release and mix. In addition to the density distribution of the discharged fine material, it is also important to equalize the mixing of each part, but none of them can be solved by the techniques described in Patent Documents 3 and 4. Moreover, polymer solutions of different materials include water-based ones whose solvent is water and oily ones such as toluene, which are difficult to mix with each other and would like to be a combination of such materials. In particular, forced mixing techniques are required. Other oily solvents include dimethylformaside and dimethylacetoside. As one example, there is a combination of an aqueous polymer solution using water as a solvent for a polyvinyl alcohol resin and an oily polymer solution using a solvent in which toluene and DMF are mixed in a polyurethane resin.

  The object of the present invention is to make the supply density distribution of the discharged fine material uniform in the electrostatic environment in general, which discharges and supplies the raw material and processing material as a charged fine material, and makes recovery and surface treatment more efficient and uniform. Is to provide an electrostatic discharge method and apparatus, and an electrostatic work method and apparatus using them, and evenly, regardless of the difference in the materials of the fine materials that electrostatic discharge from a plurality of electrostatic discharge systems Also allow mixing.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the electrostatic discharge method of the first aspect of the present invention, one or more raw materials or treatment materials are statically charged as a fine material charged by an electrostatic discharge system. In the electrostatic discharge method of discharging electricity and supplying it in a predetermined direction, each of a plurality of conductive members electrostatically and independently arranged around the electrostatic discharge path of the fine material has 0V or more in the same polarity as the fine material. By applying a voltage that fluctuates in a step so that the phases of each other are shifted by a predetermined amount and generating a fluctuating electric field, an electrostatic mixed displacement force is exerted on the electrostatically discharged fine material from around it. It is a feature.

  According to such a configuration, one or more raw materials or treatment materials are electrostatically discharged from the electrostatic discharge system as charged fine materials and supplied in a predetermined direction, accompanied by electrostatic adhesion. For electrostatic work such as waste collection and surface treatment, the electrostatic discharge system is utilized by the electrostatic action of the electric field from the surroundings using the electrostatically discharged fine material being charged. Displacement force for promoting mixing of fine materials including the atmosphere is given to the fine materials released from the atmosphere, and the mixing ratio and density distribution of the discharged fine materials including the atmosphere can be made uniform and enhanced.

Such a method includes an electrostatic discharge system that electrostatically discharges one or more raw materials or treatment materials as a charged fine material and supplies the material in a predetermined direction. This can be realized by the electrostatic discharge device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, characterized in that the material has electrostatic mixing means for applying an electrostatic mixing displacement force to the material from its surroundings.

According to the electrostatic discharge method of the second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the fluctuating voltage applied to the conductive member is further superimposed with a direct current component having the same polarity as the fine material on the alternating current component. The fluctuation voltage is 0 V or more, or the fluctuation voltage has the same polarity as that of the fine material whose pulse width is periodically changed .

According to the electrostatic discharge method of the third aspect, in any one of the first and second aspects, the electric field fluctuation is further applied to each conductive member by rotating in one direction or forward and reverse directions. It is characterized by.

According to such a feature, in addition to the case of either the first or second aspect, the mixed displacement force due to the fluctuating electric field applied to the fine material to be electrostatically discharged is further subjected to electrostatic discharge. Since it works on fine materials with a unidirectional rotation or forward / reverse swirl component around the center, the mixing ratio and density distribution with higher density can be made uniform and its efficiency can be further improved, and the forward / reverse swirl Working with a component is much better than working with a one-way turning component.

According to the electrostatic discharge method of the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first to third aspects, the electrostatic discharge further includes electrostatic explosion or air explosion of the raw material or the treatment material of the polymer solution. It is characterized by being accompanied.

According to such a feature, in addition to the case of any of the first to third aspects, when the raw material and the treatment material are released with an air explosion, the degree is generally applied to surface treatment such as electrostatic coating. Of fine materials can be supplied, and when discharged with electrostatic explosion, finer fibers and particles such as nano units can be supplied. When discharged with electrostatic explosion and air explosion, electrostatic discharge is performed. Further refinement of the fine material, uniformity of the mixing ratio and density distribution can be improved, and the applied voltage can be suppressed to increase the fineness of the fine material, compared with the case of electrostatic explosion alone.

Such electrostatic discharge due to electrostatic explosion and air explosion of the raw material or treatment material is performed in the electrostatic discharge device according to the ninth aspect of the present invention. The electrostatic discharge system further charges the raw material or treatment material. A two-fluid nozzle including an electrostatic discharge channel that discharges with air and an air channel that supplies air so that the raw material or treatment material discharged in the electrostatic discharge channel causes air to explode. This can be realized in the eighth aspect.

According to the electrostatic discharge method of the fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the electrostatic discharge is different for each type of raw material or treatment material. It is characterized by being performed individually.

According to such a feature, in addition to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the electrostatic discharge system is different for each type of raw material or treatment material, and accordingly, aqueous and oily. Electrostatic discharge is achieved by further miniaturization and dispersion utilizing the characteristics of electrostatic discharge of electrostatic explosion and air explosion without affecting the mutual relationship that is difficult to mix, and electrostatically giving as described above Since corrective mixing according to the type of mixing displacement force can be performed, the mixing ratio and density distribution accompanying high density can be made uniform. In particular, it is more preferable that the fine materials to be electrostatically discharged can be primarily mixed by overlapping the electrostatic discharge regions from the respective electrostatic discharge systems.

According to the electrostatic working method of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the fine material discharged by any one of the electrostatic discharge methods of the first to fifth aspects is applied to the target surface having a potential difference from this. It is characterized by carrying out recovery or surface treatment by electrostatically adhering to the top.

  In such a configuration, the fine material supplied by electrostatic discharge can be collected and the surface treatment with the fine material can be performed efficiently and uniformly.

Such way is either of the electrostatic discharge apparatus of the seventh to ninth aspect of the present invention, deposition thereby a fine material to be released, electrostatically onto a target surface having a potential difference with this The electrostatic working apparatus according to the tenth aspect is characterized in that recovery or surface treatment is performed.

  Further objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following specific description and drawings.

  According to the present invention, the electrostatic discharge system electrostatically discharges the raw material or the processing material as a charged fine material, and is subjected to electrostatic work such as recovery or surface treatment with electrostatic adhesion. By applying an electrostatic mixing displacement force due to an electric field to the charged fine material from around it to promote mixing, the mixing ratio and density distribution of the fine materials including the atmosphere can be made uniform and enhanced.

  Hereinafter, an electrostatic discharge method and apparatus according to the present embodiment, and an electrostatic work method and apparatus using these will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 for the understanding of the present invention.

  In the present embodiment, a polymer solution 1 as a raw material or a treatment material is mainly charged with an electrospinning type electrostatic discharge system 2 as described in Patent Document 1 as shown in FIG. This is an example of the case where the fine material 3 such as powder and particles is discharged and electrostatically attached to the target surface 8a having a potential difference from the fine material 3 for collection and surface treatment. The potential difference of the target surface 8a with respect to the fine material 3 can be obtained by charging with a polarity opposite to that of the fine material 3 from the applied power source 9 or by connecting to the ground.

  The fiber as the fine material 3 can be obtained by stretching a polymer solution from a container naturally or by electrostatic explosion while flowing out linearly using centrifugal force of rotation. The polymer charge is increased so that electrostatic explosion can be repeated repeatedly in the primary, secondary, and tertiary, and the fibers can be made longer. Or a continuous polymer fiber bundle already known in Patent Document 2 or the like, and can be combined with a twisted yarn.

  Here, as the polymer solution 1 used as a raw material or a treatment material, various polymer materials for electrospinning already known from Patent Document 3, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (FVDF), poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-polymer), are known. -Hexafluoropropylene), polyacrylonitrile, poly (acrylonitrile-co-methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, poly (vinylidene chloride-co-acrylate), polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon 12, nylon-4,6, etc. Nylon series, aramid, polybenzimidazole, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate, poly (bis- (2-methoxy-ethoxyethoxy)) phosphazene (MEEP) )), Polyethyleneimide (PEI), poly ( (Ethylene succinate), poly (ethylene sulfide), poly (oxymethylene-oligo-oxyethylene), poly (propylene oxide), poly (vinyl acetate), polyaniline, (polyethylene terephthalate), poly (hydroxybutyrate), poly Various polymers such as (ethylene oxide), SBS copolymer, biopolymers such as polylactic acid, polypeptide, protein, pitch systems such as coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, etc., and their copolymers and mixtures are also applicable In addition, materials known from Patent Document 3 and others can be used. As the solvent, any solvent that dissolves these polymers can be used.

  However, the example shown in FIG. 1 is a specific example in which the fine material 3 that is electrostatically discharged with charging is in a non-fiber form, that is, in the form of particles. A so-called electrospinning type electrostatic discharge system 2 that discharges such particulate fine material 3 is supplied to the capillary 5 by pressurizing the polymer solution 1 with a pump 7 and charged with atomized particulate fine material. The electrostatic discharge method of spraying as 3 and discharging with electrostatic explosion is adopted. Further, the capillary 5 is made of a non-charged material such as glass, and an electrode 6 made of stainless steel wire is inserted, and a voltage V1 is applied from an applied power source 4 to be immersed in the polymer solution 1 supplied thereto. The charging method is used for charging at As a result, the fine material 3 released in the form of atomized particles can be sufficiently charged and the required degree of electrostatic explosion can be repeated, so that the fine material 3 can be made into fine particles of nano units or less.

  In any case, the fine material 3 that electrostatically discharges from one electrostatic discharge system 2 is not distributed at a uniform density, and thus is recovered by electrostatic adhesion with charge induction to the target surface 8a of the target object 8. And uneven surface treatment. In addition, it shows a discrete tendency due to repulsion between the fine materials 3 charged with the same polarity, that is, a tendency toward a lower density, and also helps the tendency of the density to decrease as the number of repeated electrostatic explosions increases. As a result, the recovery efficiency and surface treatment efficiency may be reduced.

  However, in the electrostatic discharge of the fine material 3 accompanied by charging, depending on the size and form required for the fine material 3, an electrostatic explosion may not be required, and dispersion due to the electrostatic explosion of the fine material 3 is avoided. In addition, it is possible to reduce the potential difference between the target surface 8a and the fine material 3 from becoming a high voltage of about 1 to 100 kV in order to generate an electrostatic explosion. This necessary potential difference is obtained by applying a charge V3 having a polarity opposite to that of the electrode 6 from the power source 9 to the target surface 8a as shown in FIG. 1, but the target surface 8a is grounded. In this case, V1 needs to satisfy the total voltage of, for example, 1 to 100 kV, which is a necessary potential difference, and it is advantageous that it can be reduced.

  In this sense, the method of electrostatically discharging the polymer solution 1 as the fine material 3 is a method of electrostatically discharging without electrostatic explosion only by spraying with charging by the nozzle, the static of the example shown in FIG. As in the case of the electric discharge system, the air is simultaneously ejected by the two-fluid nozzle 11 together with the ejection accompanied by the charging of the polymer solution 1, thereby minimizing the polymer solution 1 by the air explosion and causing the electrostatic explosion. It can be adopted as a method of electrostatic discharge without any electrostatic discharge, and a method of electrostatic discharge accompanied by electrostatic explosion in any of these cases. The former two do not require the application of a high voltage, and a degree of freedom is also obtained in which the target material used as a raw material or a treatment material is not limited to the polymer solution 1 as described above. The latter two are easy to miniaturize as much as it accompanies an electrostatic explosion, and a fine material 3 with nano-units or less can be obtained, and when this is combined with an air explosion, the electrostatic explosion is reduced and refined. Therefore, the applied voltage can be reduced by the amount that can reduce the electrostatic explosion. The two-fluid nozzle 11 in the example shown in FIG. 2 discharges the polymer solution 1 electrostatically in a spray state with charging and electrostatic explosion, and jets compressed air from the surroundings with air explosion. It has an air discharge path 11b and electrostatically discharges the polymer solution 1 as a spherical fine material 3. According to this, it is possible to spray materials that cannot normally be sprayed even if a solvent is added, and the primary electrostatic explosion region 13 having a stroke of about 0.1 to 1 μm following the air explosion region 12 having a stroke of about 10 to 50 μm. , A secondary electrostatic explosion region 14 having a stroke of about 10 to 100 nm is formed as an electrospinning type electrostatic discharge system 2 used in combination with an air explosion. In FIG. 2, the high-voltage application power source 4 is shown with an on / off switch SW, but it may be controlled on / off from the control system together with other application power sources 9, 15 and the like.

  In particular, the present embodiment includes the electrostatic discharge system 2 shown in FIG. 1 with electrostatic explosion and the electrostatic discharge system 2 shown in FIG. 2 as well as those without electrostatic explosion. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show that it is difficult for the fine materials 3 having an electric charge from the general electrostatic discharge system to be electrostatically discharged in a predetermined direction to have a uniform mixing ratio and density distribution including the atmosphere. In each example, electrostatic discharge system 2 electrostatically discharges one or more raw materials or polymer solution 1 as a processing material as charged fine material 3 and supplies it in a predetermined direction. An electrostatic discharge method for applying an electrostatic mixing displacement force F to the discharged fine material 3 from around is adopted. As a result, one or more raw materials or processing materials are electrostatically discharged from the electrostatic discharge system 2 as a charged fine material 3 and supplied in a predetermined direction, and electrostatic adhesion to the target surface 8a is prevented. For the electrostatic work such as recovery and surface treatment that accompanies it, the electrostatically discharged fine material 3 is charged, and the electrostatic action due to the electric field from the surroundings makes the static work. A mixing displacement force F for promoting the mixing of the fine materials 3 including the atmosphere 21 to the fine materials 3 discharged from the electron emission system 2 is applied in a non-contact manner, and the mixing ratio of the fine materials 3 including the atmosphere 21 is determined. The density distribution can be made uniform and enhanced.

  In order to realize this, the electrostatic discharge device 22 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is electrostatically charged as a fine material 3 charged with one or more raw material materials or a polymer solution 1 as a processing material. In addition to providing each electrostatic discharge system 2 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to discharge and supply in a predetermined direction, the electrostatic material is electrostatically discharged from its surroundings to the fine material 3 electrostatically discharged from each electrostatic discharge system 2. It is assumed that an electrostatic mixing unit 23 that exerts a mixing displacement force F is provided.

  Such uniform mixing ratio and distribution density are shown in FIG. 2 from a plurality of electrostatic discharge systems 2 of the type shown in FIG. 1 as in the example shown in FIG. 3 or in the example shown in FIG. The same can be applied to the fine materials 3A, 3B, and 3C made of a plurality of different materials from which a plurality of different polymer solutions 1A, 1B, and 1C are electrostatically discharged from a plurality of electrostatic discharge systems 2 in the example. The mixing ratio and density distribution including the air in the atmosphere 21 of the fine materials 3A, 3B, and 3C made of different materials can be made uniform, and difficult-to-mix materials such as an aqueous polymer solvent and an oily polymer solvent can be obtained. It is particularly effective for mixing the fine materials 3A, 3B, 3C to be included. Although not shown in the drawings, each fine material to be electrostatically discharged is adjusted by adjusting the electrostatic discharge direction of the fine material 3 toward the same region so that the discharge regions 24 from the respective electrostatic discharge systems 2 overlap. Since the materials 3 can be primarily mixed using electrostatic discharge energy, it is more preferable. Further, upon electrostatic discharge from each electrostatic discharge system 2, the applied voltages V1a, V1b, and V1c from the applied power sources 4A, 4B, and 4C can be varied depending on the type of material such as the polymer solution 1.

  When a plurality of electrostatic discharge systems 2 are used in this way, the necessary number of electrostatic discharge devices 22 may be provided, and one kind of fine material 3 itself discharged electrostatically from one electrostatic discharge system 2 or the like. Of course, a mixture of different materials may be used, or some of the plurality of electrostatic discharge systems 2 or the like, or all of the fine materials 3 of the same material may be discharged electrostatically. Further, when electrostatic discharge is simultaneously performed by a plurality of electrostatic discharge systems 2 or the like, an electromagnetic valve is provided in a path for supplying a raw material material or a processing material such as the polymer solution 1 to the electrostatic discharge system 2 in the electrostatic discharge system 22. 33A, 33B, and 33C are provided, and the supply amount and the like can be adjusted according to the materials such as the polymer solutions 1A, 1B, and 1C to be supplied, and the supply pressure by the pumps 7A, 7B, and 7C can be adjusted.

  The mixed displacement force F due to the electric field as described above arranges a conductive member 31 such as a copper plate around the fine material 3 to be electrostatically discharged as shown in the examples of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Then, the voltage V2 is applied from the applied power source 15 to generate an electric field that provides the necessary mixed displacement force F. In this case, the applied voltage V2 is equal to or more than 0 V with the same polarity as the charging electrode of the fine material 3, and the mixed displacement force F has a component force in the direction of densification of the fine material 3, In addition to preventing electrostatic adhesion to the conductive member 31, the mixing ratio and density distribution can be made uniform. In addition, a large mutual repulsion hinders the mixing ratio and density distribution of the fine materials 3 and the uniform electrostatic distribution and electrostatic work, and a potential difference of 1 to 100 kV for charging the fine material 3 and electrifying it onto the target surface 8a. On the other hand, the voltage is preferably about 500 V or less, and can be adjusted depending on the electrostatic work conditions and the environment.

  Such an electrostatic mixed displacement force F is preferably applied by applying an electric field that fluctuates around the fine material 3 that has been electrostatically discharged. In this way, the mixing displacement force F electrostatically applied to the fine material 3 from which it is electrostatically discharged is changed by the changing electric field, thereby disturbing the mixing displacement of the fine material 3 and complicating the mixing behavior. Since the mixing action can be enhanced, the mixing ratio and density distribution can be made uniform.

  In order to realize this, the electrostatic mixing means 23 of each electrostatic discharge device 22 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4 is provided with a conductive member 31 disposed around the fine material 3 discharged electrostatically. And a voltage applying means for generating a varying electric field by applying a voltage V2 varying at 0V or more of the same polarity as that of the fine material 3 to the conductive member 31 and applying a mixed displacement force F caused thereby to the fine material 3. 34. The voltage application means 34 applies the voltage from the application power supply 15 by varying it according to the control. As a result, the voltage application means 34 can vary the voltage applied to the conductive member 31 in any way by a voltage variation function by itself or in combination with an external device.

  Therefore, the fluctuation of the electric field is, for example, the AC characteristic as shown in FIG. 5 of the voltage V2, or the pulse characteristic that is pulse width modulated (PWM) such that the pulse width periodically fluctuates as shown in FIG. In order to satisfy the condition of 0 V or more with the same polarity as that of the fine material 3 described above, the AC characteristic may be a voltage change in which the DC component is superimposed on the AC component as shown in FIG. The pulse characteristics may be a simple change in pulse width and pulse interval depending on the on / off time interval as shown in FIG. 6, and the AC component change of the voltage V2 applied by the electric field and the periodicity of the pulse width. In accordance with the change, the strength of the mixed displacement force F due to the changing electric field exerted on the electrostatically discharged fine material 3 is increased or decreased according to the periodic change in the frequency and pulse width, and the fine material 3 is moved in and out. To expand and contract vibrationally in the direction Since is obtained, accompanied mixing ratio densification is further enhanced uniformity of the density distribution.

  In particular, when the voltage V2 that varies in this way is applied to the conductive member 31, the insulating material 32 and the like are electrostatically independent from each other around the fine material 3 that is electrostatically discharged as shown in FIG. The applied voltage by the voltage applying means 34 is applied individually to the respective conductive members 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, and 31f arranged from the individual applied power supplies 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, and 15f. The phase of the fluctuating voltages V2a, V2b, V2c, V2d, V2e, and V2f can be controlled so as to shift by a predetermined amount, for example, 60 ° as shown in FIGS. Thereby, by using the plurality of conductive members 31 arranged around the fine material 3 to be electrostatically discharged, fluctuations due to alternating current components of the voltages V2a, V2b, V2c, V2d, V2e, V2f applied to them The mixed displacement force F, which changes in accordance with the fluctuation of the pulse voltage due to the periodic pulse width modulation, has a predetermined amount of phase particularly between adjacent ones of the conductive members 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f. Therefore, the mixing behavior of the fine material 3 is further complicated, so that the mixing ratio and the density distribution can be made uniform and the efficiency can be further increased with the increase in the density.

  In this case, the voltages V2a, V2b, V2c, V2d, V2e, and V2f having fluctuations due to the AC component and pulse modulation applied to each conductive member 31 are apparently rotated in one direction as shown in FIGS. By changing the phase to the adjacent conductive member 31 in sequence by the phase change in the phase change to the counterclockwise rotation shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b). 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 are rotated around the fine material 3 to be electrostatically discharged, or rotated in the forward and reverse directions shown in FIG. 9. The mixing displacement force caused by the changing electric field applied to the micro material 3 acts on the micro material 3 with a unidirectional rotation or forward / reverse direction swirling component around the electrostatically discharged micro material 3, so that the mixing with high density is performed. The uniformity of the ratio and density distribution and the efficiency can be further improved. Suyo forward and reverse directions of the swirling components got to work it is 1 to 4, the superior remarkably than when working with a one-way swirling component shown in FIG.

  Here, the voltage applied by the voltage applying unit 34 is, for example, 0 V or more, and may be about 10 V to 1 kV at the maximum, and the frequency is preferably about 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz.

  The plurality of conductive members 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, and 31f arranged electrostatically and independently shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are polygons, specifically, squares, and have a transverse shape. At the central position where the distance to the fine material 3 that is electrostatically discharged in a substantially circular shape is short, the mixed displacement force F exerted on the fine material 3 tends to be larger than the far side positions, and the mixed displacement force F acts on the fine material 3. Randomness can be improved. If such a polygonal form adversely affects the mixing ratio and the uniform density distribution, it may be arranged in a cylindrical form similar to the electrostatic spray form of the fine material 3. However, it can basically be realized with at least a triangle.

  In order to automatically achieve such electrostatic discharge and electrostatic work using this by setting various conditions, an operation for setting various work conditions is exemplified as shown in FIG. In addition, the operation / display panel 41 for displaying the setting state and the operation state, the input from the operation / display panel 41 and the initial setting are stored in the storage unit 45, and the voltage V1, Voltage adjusting means 43 for adjusting V3, voltage changing means 44 for giving predetermined fluctuations to voltages V2a, V2b, V2c, V2d, V2e, V2f by voltage applying means 34, pumps 7A, 7B, 7C and electromagnetic valves 33A, 33B, It is sufficient to provide an electrostatic working device including a microcomputer 46 that controls the operation of 33C and the like. Although the internal functions of over motor 46 may be a separate external device is not limited thereto.

  The present invention is a technique for electrostatically discharging fine materials with charging similar to that of electrostatic spinning technology, and using them for collection and surface processing. The mixing ratio and density distribution of the fine materials are made uniform to improve the efficiency of collection and surface treatment. And can eliminate unevenness.

It is a model diagram which shows the example of the electrostatic working apparatus using the electrostatic discharge | emission system accompanying the electrostatic explosion of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a model which shows the example of the electrostatic working apparatus using one electrostatic discharge | emission system accompanied by the air explosion and electrostatic explosion of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a model diagram which shows the example of the electrostatic working apparatus using two or more electrostatic discharge systems of FIG. 1 of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a model which shows the example of the electrostatic working apparatus using two or more electrostatic discharge systems of FIG. 2 of embodiment which concerns on this invention. One of cases where a voltage having a change in which a direct current component is superimposed on an alternating current component to generate a fluctuating electric field is applied while rotating in one direction with a predetermined amount of phase shift to a plurality of conductive members. It is a wave form diagram which shows an example. An example is shown in which a voltage whose pulse width is periodically changed to generate a fluctuating electric field is applied to a plurality of conductive members while rotating in one direction with a predetermined amount of phase shift. It is a waveform diagram. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement example of conductive members when a voltage having a waveform rotating in one direction shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is applied. 1 in the case where a voltage having a change in which a direct current component is superimposed on an alternating current component is applied to a plurality of conductive members while rotating in the forward and reverse directions with a predetermined amount of phase shift to generate a fluctuating electric field. It is a wave form diagram which shows one example. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement example of conductive members when a voltage having a waveform illustrated in FIG. 8 is applied.

Explanation of symbols

1, 1A, 1B, 1C Polymer solution 2 Electrostatic discharge system 3 Fine material 4, 4A, 4B, 4C, 9, 15 Applied power supply 5 Capillary 7, 7A, 7B, 7C Pump 8 Object 8a Target surface 11 2 Fluid Nozzle 12 Air explosion zone 13 Primary electrostatic explosion zone 14 Secondary electrostatic explosion zone 21 Atmosphere 22 Electrostatic discharge device 23 Electrostatic mixing means 24 Release zone 31 Conductive member 32 Insulating material 33A, 33B, 33C Solenoid valve 34 Voltage application Means 41 Operation / display panel 42 Program 43 Voltage adjustment means 44 Voltage fluctuation means 45 Storage section

Claims (10)

In an electrostatic discharge method in which one or more raw materials or treatment materials are electrostatically discharged as a charged fine material by an electrostatic discharge system and supplied in a predetermined direction.
Each of the conductive members arranged electrostatically and independently around the electrostatic discharge path of the fine material is individually arranged so that the phase of the voltage that is the same polarity as that of the fine material and fluctuates at 0 V or more is shifted by a predetermined amount. To generate a fluctuating electric field,
An electrostatic discharge method characterized in that an electrostatic mixed displacement force is exerted on a fine material discharged electrostatically from around it. The fluctuating voltage applied to the conductive member is a fluctuating voltage of 0 V or more in which a direct current component having the same polarity as that of the fine material is superimposed on an alternating current component, or a fluctuation having the same polarity as that of the fine material in which the pulse width is periodically changed. The electrostatic discharge method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage is a voltage . Variation of the electric field, the electrostatic discharge method according to claim 1 or 2 for each conductive member providing by one-way rotation or forward and reverse rotating. The electrostatic discharge method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the electrostatic discharge is performed with electrostatic explosion or air explosion of a raw material or a treatment material of the polymer solution. The electrostatic discharge method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the electrostatic discharge is performed individually in a different electrostatic discharge system for each type of raw material or treatment material. The fine material discharged by the electrostatic discharge method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is electrostatically attached to a target surface having a potential difference from the fine material and is collected or surface-treated. Work method. An electrostatic discharge system that electrostatically discharges one or more raw materials or treatment materials as charged fine materials and supplies them in a predetermined direction;
Electrostatic mixing means that exerts electrostatic mixing displacement force on the fine material electrostatically discharged from the electrostatic discharge system ,
The electrostatic mixing means includes
A conductive member disposed around the electrostatically discharged fine material;
A voltage varying at 0V or more of the same polarity as that of the fine material is individually applied to this conductive member so that the phases thereof are shifted by a predetermined amount to generate a fluctuating electric field. An electrostatic discharge apparatus comprising voltage applying means for exerting an influence on the material . The voltage applying means is a variable voltage of 0 V or more in which a direct current component having the same polarity as that of the fine material is superimposed on an AC component, or a change of the same polarity as that of the fine material in which the pulse width is periodically changed. The electrostatic discharge device according to claim 7, wherein a voltage is applied. The electrostatic discharge system is an electrostatic discharge channel that discharges a raw material or a processing material with charging, and an air that supplies air so that the raw material or the processing material that is discharged through the electrostatic discharge channel is exploded. The electrostatic discharge device according to claim 8 , wherein the electrostatic discharge device is a two-fluid nozzle including a flow path. The electrostatic discharge device according to any one of claims 7 to 9 and the fine material released thereby are electrostatically attached to a target surface having a potential difference from the electrostatic discharge device, and recovery or surface treatment is performed. Electrostatic working device to perform.

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