JP4707712B2 - p型窒化物半導体の製造方法及びその方法を用いて作製された半導体装置 - Google Patents
p型窒化物半導体の製造方法及びその方法を用いて作製された半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4707712B2 JP4707712B2 JP2007521115A JP2007521115A JP4707712B2 JP 4707712 B2 JP4707712 B2 JP 4707712B2 JP 2007521115 A JP2007521115 A JP 2007521115A JP 2007521115 A JP2007521115 A JP 2007521115A JP 4707712 B2 JP4707712 B2 JP 4707712B2
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 200
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 185
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 181
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 37
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;cyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1C=CC=[C-]1.C1C=CC=[C-]1 QBJCZLXULXFYCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- MHYQBXJRURFKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(C=CC=C1)[Mg] Chemical compound C1(C=CC=C1)[Mg] MHYQBXJRURFKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTRPZROOJRIMKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylindigane Chemical compound CC[In](CC)CC OTRPZROOJRIMKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の記第2工程は、400℃以下まで降温する工程であって、400℃までの到達時間が25分以内であることを特徴とする。
本発明は、Nを含む材料として、0.01%以上2%以下の濃度のジメチルヒドラジンが用いられることを特徴とする。ここで、ジメチルヒドラジンの濃度は、(ジメチルヒドラジンの流量)×(ジメチルヒドラジンの蒸気圧)÷(大気圧)÷(第2のキャリアガスの流量+ジメチルヒドラジンの流量×ジメチルヒドラジンの蒸気圧÷大気圧)で計算される。
本発明は、前記第3工程において、前記不活性ガスに加えてさらにアンモニアが0.01%以上5%以下の濃度で添加されることを特徴とする。ここで、第3工程におけるアンモニアの濃度は、(アンモニアの流量)÷(アンモニアの流量+不活性ガスの流量)で計算される。
本実施形態1では、主に第1の課題を解決することができる。
<第2工程後、さらに再現性よく低抵抗率のp型窒化物半導体を得るための形態>
本発明のように成長終了後においてp型の電気特性を示す窒化物半導体層を得るためには、窒化物半導体層中の結晶欠陥密度を低減することが望ましい。なぜならば、結晶欠陥は、Mgの活性化を阻害して、p型の電気特性に悪影響を及ぼすためである。本発明者らの実験結果によれば、p型不純物が添加されてなる窒化物半導体層のみならず、その下地である窒化物半導体層の結晶性が良好でないと、成長終了後の窒化物半導体層において、より一層の再現性と十分な抵抗率を得ることは難しいことがわかった。発光素子を作製する場合、通常、p型窒化物半導体層の下地はn型不純物が添加されてなるn型窒化物半導体層である。ここで、n型窒化物半導体層とは、n型GaN層、n型AlGaN層、n型InAlGaN層、n型InGaNなどである。
<実施形態2>
本実施形態2では、主に第2の課題を解決することができる。
本実施例の試料Aは、C面のサファイア基板(本願の基板に該当する)上に、約3μmからなるアンドープのGaN層と、その上の約0.6μmのMgがドープされたGaN層(第1工程で形成された窒化物半導体層に該当する)からなる。本発明の第1工程によるMgがドープされたGaN層の製造方法は、1030℃の成長温度で、水素キャリアガスと窒素キャリアガスをそれぞれ、1分間当たり25リットルと6.5リットルを供給しながら、III族原料としてトリメチルガリウムを1分間当たり40cc、Mgを含む原料としてビスエチルシクロペンタジエニルマグネシウムを1分間あたり60cc、0.01%以上20%未満のNを含むV族原料としてアンモニアを1分間あたり6リットル供給して、MgがドープされたGaN層が成長され、本発明に係わる第1工程が終了した。
実施例1の方法で作製された試料AとBに対して発明に係わる第3工程をさらに実施した。ここで、第3工程における不活性ガスとして窒素を、アニール温度として800℃が用いられた。
(本発明の製造方法を利用した半導体装置について)
本発明に係わるp型窒化物半導体の製造方法を用いて、p型窒化物半導体層を含む半導体装置を作製することができる。このことによって、従来に比べて前記半導体装置における消費電力がさらに低減することができ、半導体装置の小型化(モバイル化)、長時間駆動を実現することが可能になる。例えば、窒化物半導体レーザ、窒化物半導体発光ダイオード、窒化物半導体電子デバイス(窒化物半導体系トランジスタ)、光ピックアップ装置、光磁気再生記録装置、高密度記録再生装置、レーザプリンター、バーコードリーダー、プロジェクター、白色LED光源、などの半導体装置に好ましく用いることができる。
Claims (12)
- 窒素ガスと、前記窒素ガスの流量よりも多い水素ガスを含んだ第1のキャリアガスを用いて、マグネシウムを含む原料及び窒素(N)を含むV族原料を供給して、有機金属気相成長により、窒化物半導体層を形成する第1工程と、
0.01%以上20%未満の窒素(N)を含む材料を添加した第2のキャリアガスを用いて降温する第2工程とを、含むことを特徴とし、
前記第1のキャリアガスにおいて、窒素ガスと水素ガスの総流量に対して水素ガスの割合が70%よりも大きく95%以下であることを特徴とするp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。 - 窒素ガスと、前記窒素ガスの流量よりも多い水素ガスを含んだ第1のキャリアガスを用いて、マグネシウムを含む原料及び窒素(N)を含むV族原料を供給して、有機金属気相成長により、窒化物半導体層を形成する第1工程と、
0.01%以上20%未満の窒素(N)を含む材料を添加した第2のキャリアガスを用いて降温する第2工程とを、含むことを特徴とし、
前記窒素(N)を含む材料は、0.01%以上2%以下の濃度のジメチルヒドラジンを含むことを特徴とするp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。 - 窒素ガスと、前記窒素ガスの流量よりも多い水素ガスを含んだ第1のキャリアガスを用いて、マグネシウムを含む原料及び窒素(N)を含むV族原料を供給して、有機金属気相成長により、窒化物半導体層を形成する第1工程と、
0.01%以上20%未満の窒素(N)を含む材料を添加した第2のキャリアガスを用いて降温する第2工程とを、含むことを特徴とし、
前記第2工程後、前記窒化物半導体層を不活性ガス中で1分以上15分以内でアニール処理する第3工程を含むことを特徴とし、
前記第3工程において、前記不活性ガスに加えてさらにアンモニアを0.01%以上5%以下の濃度で添加することを特徴とするp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。 - 窒素ガスと、前記窒素ガスの流量よりも多い水素ガスを含んだ第1のキャリアガスを用いて、マグネシウムを含む原料及び窒素(N)を含むV族原料を供給して、有機金属気相成長により、窒化物半導体層を形成する第1工程と、
0.01%以上20%未満の窒素(N)を含む材料を添加した第2のキャリアガスを用いて降温する第2工程とを、含むことを特徴とし、
前記第2工程後、前記窒化物半導体層を不活性ガス中で1分以上15分以内でアニール処理する第3工程を含むことを特徴とし、
前記第3工程において、前記不活性ガスに加えてさらに水素を10ppm以上500ppm以下の濃度で添加することを特徴とするp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。 - 前記窒素(N)を含む材料がアンモニアであることを特徴とする請求項1、3および4のいずれか1項に記載のp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。
- 窒素ガスと、前記窒素ガスの流量よりも多い水素ガスを含んだ第1のキャリアガスを用いて、マグネシウムを含む原料及び窒素(N)を含むV族原料を供給して、有機金属気相成長により、窒化物半導体層を形成する第1工程と、
0.01%以上5%以下のアンモニアを添加した第2のキャリアガスを用いて降温する第2工程とを、含むことを特徴とし、
前記第2のキャリアガスの流量は、前記第1のキャリアガスにおける窒素ガスの流量よりも多いことを特徴とし、
前記第2のキャリアガスはアルゴンまたは窒素であることを特徴とするp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。 - 前記窒化物半導体層の全層厚が0.5μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記窒化物半導体層は複数の層からなり、アルミニウム組成比が2%以上の窒化物半導体を含む層の全層厚が0.3μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記マグネシウムを含む原料がビスエチルシクロペンタジエニルマグネシウムであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記窒素(N)を含むV族原料の流量は、前記第1のキャリアガスにおける水素ガスの流量よりも少ないことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。
- 前記第2工程は400℃以下まで降温する工程であって、400℃までの到達時間が25分以内であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のp型窒化物半導体の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法を用いて作製されたp型窒化物半導体層を含む半導体装置。
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