JP4703388B2 - チオクト酸組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
チオクト酸組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4703388B2 JP4703388B2 JP2005352196A JP2005352196A JP4703388B2 JP 4703388 B2 JP4703388 B2 JP 4703388B2 JP 2005352196 A JP2005352196 A JP 2005352196A JP 2005352196 A JP2005352196 A JP 2005352196A JP 4703388 B2 JP4703388 B2 JP 4703388B2
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Description
本発明のチオクト酸組成物は、(A)チオクト酸と、(B)炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する脂質成分とで構成されている。
チオクト酸(α−リポ酸)は、1,2−ジチオラン−3−吉草酸(1,2−Dithiolane−3−pentanoic acid又は1,2−Dithiolane−3−valeric acid)とも称され、組成C8H14O2S2、分子量206.32の化合物である。
明では、いずれの光学異性体(d,l又はR,S表記など)であってもよく、例えば、d体、l体、R体、S体の他、対掌体の等モル混合物であるラセミ体(dl又はRSラセミ体)であってもよい。チオクト酸の融点は、dl体で60〜61℃、d体で46〜48℃程度である。
脂質成分(B)は、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位(C4−14脂肪酸単位)を有している。本発明では、このようなC4−14脂肪酸単位を含む脂質を用いることにより、チオクト酸(A)の安定性を向上できる。なお、本願明細書では、炭素数4〜8程度の低級脂肪酸も脂質成分の概念に含める。
本発明のチオクト酸組成物は、さらに、炭素数15以上の脂肪酸単位を有する乳化剤、特に、水に対する分散性を向上できる点から、前記HLB値を有する親水性乳化剤を含んでいてもよい。このような親水性乳化剤は、前記脂質成分(B)が親水性乳化剤(C4−14脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤)を含んでいない場合に、チオクト酸組成物の水分散性を向上させるのに有用である。さらに、この乳化剤の融点は、例えば、100℃以下であり、好ましくは20〜90℃、さらに好ましくは30〜80℃(特に40〜75℃)程度である。例えば、市販の親水性乳化剤(ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステルなど)は、融点25〜70℃程度である。
本発明のチオクト酸組成物は、さらに、賦形剤を含んでいてもよい。賦形剤としては、例えば、でんぷん類(水可溶性でんぷん、デキストリン、シクロデキストリンなど)、結晶セルロース類(結晶セルロースなど)、糖類(乳糖、ブドウ糖、砂糖、還元麦芽糖、水飴、フラクトオリゴ糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖、イソマルトオリゴ糖、キシロオリゴ糖、マルトオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖など)、糖アルコール類(ソルビトール、エリスリトール、キシリトール、ラクチトールなど)などが挙げられる。これらの賦形剤は、単独で又は二種以上組み合わせて使用できる。これらの賦形剤のうち、デキストリンなどのでんぷん類などが好ましい。
チオクト酸組成物は、さらに、慣用の添加剤、例えば、有効成分(後述する生理活性成分又は薬理活性成分など)、結合剤、結着剤、安定剤(酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、耐熱安定剤など)、着色料、抽出剤、粘着防止剤、発色剤、被膜剤、漂白剤、酵素、防虫剤、膨張剤、離型剤、緩衝剤、防腐剤、抗菌剤、金属イオン封鎖剤などを含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、単独で又は二種以上組み合わせて使用できる。
チオクト酸組成物は、水溶性加工食品に利用し易くしたり、チオクト酸特有の刺激臭を和らげるために、水分散性を有する組成物にするのが好ましい。本発明では、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する脂質成分(B)自体が乳化特性によって水分散性を有する場合だけでなく、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する脂質成分(B)自体が水分散性を有しない場合であっても、親水性乳化剤を混合(溶融混合)することにより、安定性が高く、かつチオクト酸の刺激臭が抑制された水分散性組成物を得ることができる。このような水分散性組成物は、水を蒸発させる熱エネルギーの無駄を省き、かつ経済的に得ることができる。
本発明の水性エマルジョンは、前記チオクト酸(A)と、前記炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する脂質成分(B)と、水とで構成され、少なくとも親水性乳化剤を含んでいる。この親水性乳化剤は、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤、炭素数15以上の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤、タンパク質類、及び多糖類から選択された少なくとも一種が使用される。なお、脂質成分(B)が炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤であるとき、炭素数15以上の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤は必ずしも必要ではない。
水性エマルジョンの製造方法は、チオクト酸が水性溶媒(特に水)中に分散できれば特に限定されないが、乳化安定性を向上させる点から、組成物の粒径やエマルジョンの粘性などを制御できる製造方法が好ましい。
本発明の食用組成物は、前記チオクト酸組成物又は水性エマルジョン(水性エマルジョンの造粒物も含む)を含有している。食用組成物には、医薬品、食品、非ヒト動物用飼料(犬、猫、鳥などのペット、牛、豚、鶏などの家畜、マグロ、ウナギなどの養殖魚、金魚、熱帯魚などの鑑賞魚用飼料など)などの用途に使用される組成物が含まれる。特に、チオクト酸を含む組成物は、ダイエット食品としての効能を有しているが、近年、ヒト同様、愛玩用のペット(猫、犬など)も栄養過多で運動不足のため肥満が目立ち、健康状態が低下する状況が増加している。また、チオクト酸は抗酸化機能を有しているため、油性食品などの酸化を防止するために利用することもできる。従って、これらの用途のうち、チオクト酸の効能(ダイエット促進機能、抗酸化機能など)を容易かつ充分に発揮できる点から、食品、ペット用飼料などの食用組成物として使用するのが好ましい。
MCT:中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド(商品名「サンファットMCT−7」、太陽化学(株)製)
大豆油:精製大豆油(植田製油(株)製)
綿実油:精製綿実油(植田製油(株)製)
パーム油:精製パーム油(植田製油(株)製)
ヤシ油:精製ヤシ油(植田製油(株)製)
乳脂:乳脂(雪印乳業(株)製)
乳化剤:グリセリン脂肪酸エステル(ラウリン酸を主脂肪酸とするエステル)(商品名「ポエムM−300」、理研ビタミン(株)製)
チオクト酸:商品名「α―リポ酸」、立山化学(株)製。
脂質成分0.3gを10mlの遠沈管に取り、試薬特級n−ヘキサン6mlを加え、溶解させた。次いで、2N−水酸化カリウム溶液0.3mlを加え、栓をして1分間よく振り混ぜた後、遠心分離機を用いて回転数4,000rpmで3分間遠心分離を行い、上澄み液を得た。この上澄み液2mlに蒸留水8mlを加え、再度、遠心分離機を用いて回転数4,000rpmで3分間遠心分離を行い、その上澄み液を濾紙[濾紙(東洋濾紙No.5B)上に無水硫酸ナトリウムを載置した濾紙]で濾過し、濾液を試薬特級n−ヘキサンで適宜希釈して測定に供した。この検体について、C4−14脂肪酸含有量を、ガスクロマトグラフィー((株)島津製作所製、GC−17A)を用いて、以下の条件で測定した。
液相 DB−WAX
サイズ 0.25mm×30m
フィルム 0.25μm
検出温度:250℃
INJ温度:250℃
キャリアーガス:Heガス
メイクアップガス:N2ガス
カラム温度条件 140→230℃。
チオクト酸組成物100mgを精密に秤量し、希リン酸でpH3.5〜3.7に調整した0.005モルリン酸緩衝液と、アセトニトリルとの混液(前者/後者=1:1(容量比))に溶解し100mlとして検液として、HPLC((株)日立製作所製、HPLC H1100型)を用いて、以下の条件で、組成物中のチオクト酸含有量(%)を測定した。なお、チオクト酸(試薬99%)を検体の溶解に用いた溶液で溶解の標準液として使用し、検液及び標準液20μLを用いて測定器に供し、両者の比[(試料溶液のチオクト酸のピーク面積)/(標準溶液のチオクト酸のピーク面積)×100]からチオクト酸含量(%)を測定した。
流速:1.2ml/分
移動相:希リン酸でpH3〜3.1に調整したメタノール/アセトニトリル/0.005モルリン酸緩衝液(1160/180/920(容積比))
カラム温度:35℃
カラム:オクタデシルシリル化シリカゲル250mm×4.6mm。
チオクト酸組成物約10〜30gを白色ガラス容器(60ml容量)に密閉し常温で30日保存しチオクト酸量を測定した。保存直後のチオクト酸含量を100とし保存後のチオクト酸量を測定し、以下の式でチオクト酸残存率(%)を測定した。なお、実施例23及び24では、アルミ箔をラミネートした軟質フィルム袋を用いて90日間保存した。
組成物の乳化性は、20ml試験管に蒸留水10mlを入れた後、検体1gをその中に加え、60℃で加温し激しく攪拌し、乳濁状態を目視で観察した。その結果、乳濁状態が良好のものを「+」とし、乳濁状態が不良なものを「−」と評価した。
表1に示す成分を、表1に示す割合で配合し、70℃で加熱溶融して組成物(脂質成分)を得た。この組成物に、チオクト酸含有量が表1に示す割合となるように、チオクト酸を70℃で加熱溶融した。このチオクト酸組成物について約10gを経日的に観察してチオクト酸残存率を測定した結果を表1に示す。
ショ糖脂肪酸エステル(第一工業製薬(株)製、商品名「DKエステルF140」、融点58℃、HLB約14)100gを300mlのビーカーに入れ、手で攪拌しながら湯浴内で75℃まで加温して、加熱溶融した溶液中に、実施例1〜3及び6のチオクト酸組成物50gを加え、手で激しく練合した。練合後、水道水の水浴上で冷却し固化させた。この固化物を木杵で破砕し、乳鉢内で更に細かく砕きJIS標準篩の30メッシュを通過し、200メッシュに留まる試料を得た。得られた試料について、チオクト酸の残存率と乳化性を評価した結果を表2に示す。
60℃に加温した水2400mlに、アラビアガム600gをTKホモミキサーで攪拌溶解し、20%アラビアガム溶液を調製した。この溶液各800mlに、実施例1〜3の組成物200mlを加えてTKホモミキサーで粗乳化し、更にデキストリン(松谷工業(株)製)200gを加えてTKホモミキサーで粗乳化した後、超高圧ホモジナイザー(みずほ工業(株)製、商品名「M−140K」)を用いて、200MPaの圧力で100ml/分の流速で乳化し乳化液を得た。得られた乳化液を各20g白色ガラス瓶に密封し40℃で経日的にチオクト酸量を測定しチオクト酸残存率を測定した。またその乳化性を評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
実施例14〜16で得られた乳化液500gをマイナス40℃で16時間真空凍結乾燥し、得られた乾燥物を軽く乳鉢上で粉砕し粉末状組成物を得た。この組成物を各20g白色ガラス瓶に密封し40℃で経日的にチオクト酸量を測定し残存率を測定した。またその乳化性を評価した。その結果を表4に示す。
ゼラチン(新田ゼラチン(株)製)100kgに、蒸留水80リットルを加えて80〜95℃に加温して溶解した後、70℃まで温度を下げたゼラチン水溶液に、MCT20kgにチオクト酸160kgを70℃で加熱溶融した溶融物を、少しずつ加えて約5分間攪拌し、乳化させた。この乳化液を冷却造粒法(別名:気相造粒法)により、液体窒素で15〜20℃としたチャンバー内に、滴下してビーズ状(球状)の顆粒を得た。この顆粒を80メッシュの金網トレーに均一に広げて、室温で5日間風乾しチオクト酸ゼラチンビーズ顆粒を得た。
乳鉢上で脱脂粉乳(雪印乳業(株)製)20部に対して、実施例4の組成物又は実施例17の組成物2部を、少しずつ加えながら混合し、次いでココアパウダー(明治乳業(株)製)40部、及び砂糖(台糖(株)製)40部を加えて、均一になるよう混合し、調整ココア粉末を得た。得られた調整ココア粉末10gを、7μm厚みのアルミ箔をラミネートした軟質フイルム袋(寸法:70×110mm)に充填し、40℃で30日、60日、90日間保存し、チオクト酸の保存率を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
実施例17で得られた組成物2部に対して、牛肉エキス粉末(富士食品(株)製)、組織大豆タン白(不二製油(株)製)、小麦粉グルテン(日清製粉(株)製)を、それぞれ98部乳鉢上で混和してペット用飼料を調製し、チオクト酸の保存による残存率を測定した。なお、試作量は100gで行い、保存は試作品30gを60ml容量の茶褐色ガラス瓶に密封し40℃で30日、60日、90日間保存した。結果を表6に示す。
実施例17で得られた組成物の配合量を0.5部に変更する以外は、実施例23〜25と同様にしてペット用飼料を調製して、チオクト酸残存率を測定した。結果を表7に示す。
Claims (13)
- (A)チオクト酸と、少なくとも(B)炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を全脂肪酸単位中20重量%以上の割合で含有する脂質成分とを加熱して溶融混合した後、冷却固化して得られる食用または飼料用チオクト酸組成物であって、該脂質成分が乳脂、ヤシ油、パーム核油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する乳化剤から選択される少なくとも一種を含み、(B)100重量部に対して、(A)が30〜90重量部である、組成物。
- (A)チオクト酸と、少なくとも(B)炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を全脂肪酸単位中20重量%以上の割合で含有する脂質成分とを加熱して溶融混合した後、冷却固化して得られる食用または飼料用チオクト酸組成物であって、該脂質成分が乳脂、ヤシ油、パーム核油、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する乳化剤から選択される少なくとも一種を含み、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライドを含まない、組成物。
- さらに、炭素数15以上の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤を含む請求項1または2記載の組成物。
- さらに、賦形剤を含有する請求項1または2記載の組成物。
- (A)チオクト酸と、少なくとも(B)炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を全脂肪酸単位中20重量%以上の割合で含有する脂質成分とを加熱して溶融混合した後、冷却固化する食用または飼料用チオクト酸組成物の製造方法であって、該脂質成分が乳脂、ヤシ油、パーム核油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する乳化剤から選択される少なくとも一種を含み、(B)100重量部に対して、(A)が30〜90重量部である、製造方法。
- さらに、炭素数15以上の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤を混合する請求項5記載の製造方法。
- 80℃以下の温度で溶融混合した後、40℃以下の温度で冷却固化する請求項5記載の製造方法。
- (A)チオクト酸と、(B)炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を全脂肪酸単位中20重量%以上の割合で含有する脂質成分とを加熱して溶融混合した後、冷却固化したものと、水とで構成された食用または飼料用水性エマルジョンであって、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤、炭素数15以上の脂肪酸単位を有する親水性乳化剤、タンパク質類、及び多糖類から選択された少なくとも一種の親水性乳化剤を含み、該脂質成分が乳脂、ヤシ油、パーム核油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する乳化剤から選択される少なくとも一種を含み、(B)100重量部に対して、(A)が30〜90重量部である、水性エマルジョン。
- 請求項1または2記載の組成物を含有する食用組成物。
- さらに、有効成分を含有する請求項9記載の食用組成物。
- 有効成分が、有機酸又はその塩、脂溶性又は水溶性ビタミン類、アミノ酸、ペプチド、コラーゲン、コラーゲンペプチド、コエンザイムQ10、L−カルニチン又はその塩、植物性ポリフェノール、ミネラル類、及び酵母類からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である請求項10記載の食用組成物。
- 請求項8記載の水性エマルジョンを含有する食用組成物。
- (A)チオクト酸と、(B)炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を全脂肪酸単位中20重量%以上の割合で含有する脂質成分とを加熱して溶融混合した後、冷却固化する、チオクト酸の安定性を向上する方法であって、該脂質成分が乳脂、ヤシ油、パーム核油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド、炭素数4〜14の脂肪酸単位を有する乳化剤から選択される少なくとも一種を含み、(B)100重量部に対して、(A)が30〜90重量部である、方法。
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