JP4790402B2 - 陰極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを用いた陰極とリチウム電池 - Google Patents
陰極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを用いた陰極とリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4790402B2 JP4790402B2 JP2005361052A JP2005361052A JP4790402B2 JP 4790402 B2 JP4790402 B2 JP 4790402B2 JP 2005361052 A JP2005361052 A JP 2005361052A JP 2005361052 A JP2005361052 A JP 2005361052A JP 4790402 B2 JP4790402 B2 JP 4790402B2
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- coating layer
- active material
- cathode
- cathode active
- carbon fiber
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- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 40
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 metal organic compound compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyldioxolane Chemical compound CC1COOC1 LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013705 LiNi 1-x Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001241 arc-discharge method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Description
実施例1
平均直径20μmの天然黒鉛粉末20gと平均直径0.5μmのシリコン粉末2.0g及び分子量500のポリビニルアルコール(以下、PVA)1gを40mLの蒸溜水に入れ、PVAが完全に溶解されるまで攪拌した後、水が完全に蒸発するまで攪拌しつつ徐々に加熱して、前記3つの物質が混合された状態の固体を得た。
前記固相の物質をアルゴン雰囲気で900℃で1時間熱処理してPVAを完全に炭化させた後、乳鉢で粉砕して黒鉛粒子上に第1コーティング層としてシリコン微粒子を含む炭素被膜がコーティングされた粉末22gを得た。
前記コーティング粉末5gと平均直径0.2μm、アスペクト比が60である炭素ファイバ(VGCF)0.5gとPVA0.5gとを25mLの蒸溜水に入れ、PVAが完全に溶解されるまで攪拌した後、水が完全に蒸発するまで攪拌しつつ徐々に加熱して固相の物質を得た後、これを再びアルゴン雰囲気で900℃で1時間熱処理し、かつ粉砕して、第2コーティング層として炭素ファイバを含む炭素被膜がもう一度コーティングされた粉末5.4gを得た。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、炭素ファイバの平均直径0.2μm、アスペクト比150である炭素ファイバを使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、炭素ファイバの平均直径0.02μm、アスペクト比150である炭素ファイバを使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、炭素ファイバの平均直径0.45μm、アスペクト比25である炭素ファイバを使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、平均直径0.5μmのシリコン粉末を1g使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、平均直径0.5μmのシリコン粉末を3g使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、平均直径0.08μmのシリコン粉末を2g使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、平均直径0.2μm、アスペクト比60の炭素ファイバを0.2g使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、平均直径0.2μm、アスペクト比60の炭素ファイバを1.0g使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、平均直径0.2μm、アスペクト比150の炭素ファイバを0.2g使用した。
実施例1と同じ条件で実験した。但し、平均直径0.2μm、アスペクト比150の炭素ファイバを1.0g使用した。
平均直径20μmの天然黒鉛粉末20gと平均直径0.5μmのシリコン粉末2.0g及び分子量500のPVA1gを40mLの蒸溜水に入れ、PVAが完全に溶解されるまで攪拌した後、水が完全に蒸発するまで攪拌しつつ徐々に加熱して、前記3つの物質が混合された状態の固体を得た。
活物質の製造過程は、比較例1と同じである。但し、活物質100重量当たり26重量の導電材(黒鉛微粒子)を使用した。
実施例1ないし11及び比較例1
前記で合成した活物質粉末2.91gとスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)0.045g及びカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)0.045gを混合して5mLの蒸溜水を投入した後、機械式攪拌器を使用して30分間攪拌してスラリーを製造した。
前記で合成した活物質粉末を2.31gと平均直径6μmの黒鉛粉末を0.6g及びSBR0.045gとCMC0.045gとを混合して5mLの蒸溜水を投入した後、機械式攪拌器を使用して30分間攪拌してスラリーを製造した。以後の陰極の製造方法は、他の例と同じである。
実施例1ないし11及び比較例1及び2で製造した前記陰極板をリチウム金属を相対電極とし、PTFE隔離膜と1MのLiPF6がEC(エチレンカーボネート)+DEC(ジエチルカーボネート)(3:7)に溶解されている溶液を電解質として2015規格のコインセルを製造した。
製造したコインセルは、活物質1g当たり50mAの電流でLi電極に対して0.001Vに到達するまで定電流充電し、次いで、0.001Vの電圧を維持しつつ電流が活物質1g当たり5mAに低くなるまで定電圧充電を実施した。
2 シリコン微粒子
3 炭素ファイバ
4 第1コーティング層
5 第2コーティング層
Claims (11)
- 黒鉛コアと、
前記黒鉛コアの表面上に形成された第1コーティング層及び第2コーティング層と、を含み、
前記第1コーティング層がシリコン微粒子を含み、前記第2コーティング層が炭素ファイバを含み、
前記第2コーティング層は、前記第1コーティング層を被覆して、
前記炭素ファイバのアスペクト比は、10ないし200であり、
前記第1コーティング層の平均厚さは、0.1ないし3μmであり、前記炭素ファイバが占める部分を除外した前記第2コーティング層の平均厚さは、0.1ないし3μmであり、前記シリコン微粒子の平均粒径は、0.01ないし1μmであり、前記炭素ファイバの平均直径は、0.01ないし1μmであることを特徴とする陰極活物質。 - 前記第1コーティング層のシリコン微粒子は、前記黒鉛コアの表面に存在することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の陰極活物質。
- 前記黒鉛コアの内部にシリコン微粒子をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の陰極活物質。
- 前記炭素ファイバは、気相法で製造されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の陰極活物質。
- 前記シリコン微粒子の含量は、前記陰極活物質全体重量に対して3ないし15重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の陰極活物質。
- 前記炭素ファイバの含量は、前記陰極活物質全体重量に対して0.1ないし20重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の陰極活物質。
- 前記コーティング層は、結晶面間の間隔d002が3.45Å以上の低結晶性炭素または非晶質炭素で構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の陰極活物質。
- 請求項1ないし7のうち何れか1項に記載の陰極活物質を含むことを特徴とする陰極。
- 請求項1ないし7のうち何れか1項に記載の陰極活物質を含む陰極を用いたことを特徴とするリチウム電池。
- 溶媒に高分子材料、黒鉛コア及びシリコン微粒子を加えた後、攪拌しつつ乾燥させる段階と、
前記乾燥物を焼成させて第1コーティング層を形成する段階と、
溶媒に高分子材料、前記第1コーティング層が形成された黒鉛コア、及びアスペクト比が10ないし200の炭素ファイバを加えた後、攪拌しつつ乾燥させる段階と、
得られた乾燥物を焼成させて第2コーティング層を形成して、前記第2コーティング層は、前記第1コーティング層を被覆する段階と、を含み、
前記第1コーティング層の平均厚さは、0.1ないし3μmであり、前記炭素ファイバが占める部分を除外した前記第2コーティング層の平均厚さは、0.1ないし3μmであり、前記シリコン微粒子の平均粒径は、0.01ないし1μmであり、前記炭素ファイバの平均直径は、0.01ないし1μmであることを特徴とする陰極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記高分子材料は、前記高分子材料の炭化温度ないし1400℃の温度で焼成されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の陰極活物質の製造方法。
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US7618678B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2009-11-17 | Conocophillips Company | Carbon-coated silicon particle powders as the anode material for lithium ion batteries and the method of making the same |
KR100540181B1 (ko) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-01-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 이차전지의 전극활물질용 탄소복합체 및 그 제조방법,이를 이용한 이차전지 |
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US20060134516A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
KR100738054B1 (ko) | 2007-07-12 |
CN1790779A (zh) | 2006-06-21 |
KR20060069738A (ko) | 2006-06-22 |
JP2006173121A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
US8029931B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
CN100421290C (zh) | 2008-09-24 |
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