JP4787633B2 - Powdered food material and processing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a powdered food material and a processing method thereof, and more particularly, to a powdered food material obtained by treating a powdered food material with superheated steam to change characteristics and a processing method thereof.

  Conventionally, the properties have been changed so that starch is heated to dextrin, treated in warm water to be partially indigestible, or indigestible starch by pressure-decompression treatment. How to change is known.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that before the electromagnetic irradiation step, the starch is prevented from flowing out by performing a washing process by spraying high-temperature steam for a short time, and the required water content and primary alpha conversion associated with heating at this time It shows how to make the process happen at once.

  Next, in Patent Document 2, a pretreated powder composition, which is a mixture of at least one kind of fine-particle starch and at least one kind of cellulose gum that gels by heating in the presence of moisture, is applied to food. Applying a batter consisting of starch and cellulose gum that gels on heating in the presence of moisture to the pre-sprinkled food, frying the battered food, then fried product A method for producing a coated food that can be reheated by microwave irradiation, characterized by cooling, is shown.

  Further, Patent Document 3 not only directly injects superheated steam in a low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam device, promotes oil recycling to save oil, and prevents oxidation of excess oil in food, There is shown a method in which the food material can be continuously cooked so that the surface of the product can be maintained and the crispness can be maintained for a long time.

  Furthermore, in Patent Document 4, starch having an amylose content of 30% by weight or more is placed in a pressure-resistant container provided with both a decompression line and a pressurized steam line, and after decompression, preferably 10 to 100 to 140 ° C. It shows a method for obtaining a starch material with a high dietary fiber content by preferably repeating the operation of introducing steam and pressurizing and heating under a condition of ˜180 minutes, preferably a plurality of times.

  However, these methods may be unsatisfactory in terms of product quality, such as complicated processes and coloration, and none of the methods and the products obtained are sufficiently superior to the raw materials. This is the actual situation.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-11267 JP-T 6-510186 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-229982 JP-A-10-195105

As described above, according to the above-described conventional technology, a complicated process must be performed, and the products that can be manufactured are limited.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating a powdery food material that has been modified in a simple manner with solubility, texture, taste, and other functions and can be widely used, and a powder obtained by the method. Is to provide food materials in the shape of

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have intensively studied. As a result, various powdery food materials are treated with superheated steam so that the solubility, texture, taste, and other functions are modified. Based on this finding, the present inventors have completed the present invention.

The present invention according to claim 1 is a saccharide material selected from the group consisting of powdered wheat flour; rice flour; or starch, starch hydrolyzate, fructose, cellulose, cellulose degradation product, chitin and chitin degradation product A powdered food material having a characteristic change, characterized in that a powdery food material comprising powder; is treated with superheated steam at 150 to 600 ° C. for 5 to 15 minutes while maintaining a separated state. A manufacturing method is provided.
The present invention according to claim 2 is a method of spraying powdered food material with at least one liquid selected from the group consisting of water, sugars, sugar alcohols, alcohols, alkalis, organic acids and fats and oils. The method according to claim 1, wherein the food material is treated with superheated steam .

According to the present invention, a powdered food material with modified solubility, texture, taste, and other functions can be produced by subjecting the powdered food material to a superheated steam treatment.
Specifically, for example, it has become possible to produce not only soluble starch materials that are hardly colored from starch, but also resistant starch materials, other various food materials, and composite food materials. The manufacturing method is extremely simple and safe, leading to a reduction in product cost.
The product obtained by the present invention can be used as an indigestible material for health-oriented foods. Multi branched dextrin could be produced from waxy corn starch. Processed starch of wheat starch, rice starch, and corn starch has a fermentation delay effect and can be used for manufacturing deep brewed foods. Corn starch and potato starch have improved digestibility, stabilized and retained the grain structure, and can be used to produce crispy foods. Conversely, waxy corn starch has a soft feel, low viscosity, and low adhesion. It can be used as a food for elderly people. In addition, it is possible to produce crosslinked starch and gum starch by an organic acid spray treatment. Production of seawater-treated starch, hot spring water-treated starch, etc. is also possible.

The present invention relates to a method for treating a powdered food material by superheated steam treatment to improve and improve the properties of the powdered food material, and a method for producing a food material by mixing various materials in the powder. It is.
The reaction is carried out in a reducing atmosphere, and at the same time, the complex formation reaction is promoted depending on the hydrolysis and conditions of the materials, and various materials such as foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals can be produced.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The present invention according to claim 1 relates to a method for treating a powdered food material, wherein the powdered food material is treated with superheated steam.

The present invention according to claim 1 relates to a method for processing a powdery food material.
The raw material which is the subject of the present invention according to claim 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a powdered food material.

Examples of the powdered food material include cereal powder, protein material powder, and sugar material powder.
Here, the particle size of the powder is not particularly limited, but usually about 1 to 100 μm is used.
Examples of cereal powder include wheat flour and rice flour.
Next, protein materials include powders of yeast, casein, zein, etc., and these powders are used.
Examples of the carbohydrate material include monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and these powders are used. Here, any monosaccharide may be used as long as it is used as a food material, but a material that does not undergo a glass transition in superheated steam is desirable. In particular, when used as a carrier, it is desirable that the powdered food material has such a characteristic that it does not undergo glass transition in superheated steam.
Specific examples of the carbohydrate material include glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, amino sugar, and acetylamino sugar. Furthermore, there are these polymers and polysaccharides, and pentose can be used in accordance with this. These carbohydrate materials can be used even if mixed. Polymers such as maltooligosaccharides such as maltose, cellooligosaccharides such as cellobiose, chitin of acetylglucosamine polymer, chitosan of glucosamine polymer, thickening polysaccharide such as agar, pectin and glucomannan can also be used. However, high amylose corn starch is excluded.

As the powdery food material, as described in claim 3, wheat flour, rice flour or carbohydrate material powder is preferable.
Here, examples of the carbohydrate raw material powder include those described above, and as described in claim 4, the carbohydrate raw material powder includes starch, starch hydrolyzate, fructose, cellulose, cellulose degradation product, chitin and chitin degradation product. One powder selected from the group is preferred.

  As described in claim 5, the superheated steam treatment temperature is preferably 150 to 600 ° C, more preferably 150 to 350 ° C. If the superheated steam treatment temperature is less than 150 ° C., the reaction does not proceed. On the other hand, if the superheated steam treatment temperature exceeds 600 ° C., the sugar is decomposed.

The superheated steam treatment is preferably carried out while maintaining the separated state of the powdered food material as described in claim 2.
Examples of the method performed while maintaining the separated state include a method performed while shaking a powdered food material and a method performed while vibrating with ultrasonic waves.
The shaking method in the case of carrying out shaking is not particularly limited. A shaking device may be used, or if it is not equipped, it can be shaken manually. In this case, for example, a powdery food material may be put in a container such as a frying pan and shaken by shaking by hand. Note that if the powdered food material layer is thinned, it can be processed without shaking, but sufficient effects cannot be obtained.

  In addition, when performing the superheated steam treatment, as described in claim 6, the powdered food material whose properties are converted by treating the powdered food material with the superheated steam while spraying the liquid. Can be manufactured.

The liquid to be sprayed here is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid that can be used for food, but as described in claim 7, the liquid consists of water, sugar, sugar alcohol, alcohol, alkali, organic acid, and fats and oils. It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group.
For example, by spraying a sugar alcohol and an organic acid such as acetic acid or butyric acid, one having a surface active effect can be obtained.
In addition, spraying conditions, such as a spraying quantity, should just be selected suitably by the utilization method, for example, when manufacturing indigestible starch, the spraying quantity should just divide into several times.

Since the method of the present invention is a reaction in a reducing atmosphere, even a flammable material such as a medium chain fatty acid or oleic acid does not burn and does not easily decompose.
As the liquid to be sprayed, water or a solution containing a soluble material is desirable, but a dispersion can also be applied if it can be mixed with a powdered food material. For example, there is a possibility that amino acids, calcium carbonate + organic acids can be used for calcium strengthening, and anthocyans + various metal ion solutions can be used for color tone conversion of dyes. The method of the present invention can also be applied when manufacturing cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the like.

In this way, it is possible to obtain a powdered food material whose characteristics have been converted.
That is, the present invention according to claim 8 provides a powdered food material having a characteristic conversion obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
The powdered food material processed in this way has its properties converted, such as improved solubility, low molecular weight, and indigestibility.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the superheated steam generator manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used. However, in this apparatus, the superheated steam can be filled in the room, so that the relationship between oxygen in the atmosphere is cut off. And even ethanol does not burn at 150 ° C. Further, since no oxidation reaction occurs, the powder can be reacted at a high temperature under the condition that the powder does not change in quality such as discoloration.

  And since the material obtained by processing in this way is a new material, we use this as a cysts powder (super heated steam treated powder = SHST-P) and its manufacturing method as the SHST method. Respectively. When starch is used as a powdery food material, it is cis starch.

Next, the present invention according to claim 9 is a method for processing a flavor-containing starch, characterized in that starch containing a flavor component is soaked in a flavor solution and treated with superheated steam.
Some flavoring liquids are viscous, and in this case, they cannot be sprayed. Therefore, they can be processed by immersing them in starch to form a cake, or in a wet state.
A powder in which the flavor component lasts long is obtained by treating the cake in which the starch is immersed in the flavor liquid with superheated steam.
The present invention according to claims 1 to 9 as described above basically converts the entire powder into a food material.
On the other hand, the present invention according to claims 1 to 10 described below uses powder as a carrier (reaction field). The produced product can be taken out and commercialized, or it can be commercialized with a carrier.

The present invention according to claim 10 is a food material processing method characterized by mixing and spraying a food material using powder as a carrier.
Thereby, various food components react in the powder or combine with the powder itself, so that a food material suitable for the purpose can be obtained.
As described in claim 11, when powdered cellulose, powdered chitin, glass beads or powdered charcoal is used as the powder, various food ingredients react to form a food material according to the purpose.

Furthermore, the present invention according to claim 12 is a method for treating a food material, characterized in that the food material is mixed and sprayed and processed using starch as a carrier.
As a result, various food components react in the starch or combine with the starch itself, and a food material suitable for the purpose can be obtained.
In addition, when using the method as described in Claims 10-12, as a support | carrier, the raw material which is not easily hydrolyzed is desirable. There are various materials that satisfy this requirement. Cellulose, chitin and the like may be used under conditions where they are partially hydrolyzed but hardly decomposed.

Further, when used as a carrier, particularly when using a sprayer, a highly viscous liquid such as mirin cannot be added in a moist state to starch because the water stream does not spread and is pushed out linearly.
In the case of such a highly viscous liquid, materials that do not form a dumpling due to overheating, such as cellulose and chitin, can be used. It reacts after mixing and adhering to fine powders, such as a glass bead, It can also extract and commercialize after reaction. For example, these carriers can be packed in heat-resistant glass or stainless steel tube, and the mixed solution is allowed to flow and adhere, treated with superheated steam, and then eluted with hot water or warm water to produce a product. If the reaction is insufficient, a solid catalyst such as Raney nickel may be added.
The raw material thus produced can be used as a mixture or separated and used as necessary.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1
A 350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the superheated steam generator.
Appropriate amounts (50 to 100 g) of various starches shown in Table 1 having a particle size of 1 to 100 μm were placed in a frying pan and subjected to superheated steam treatment with shaking under the conditions shown in Table 1. Shaking was performed by shaking the frying pan by hand. In Table 1, citric acid refers to a 1% citric acid solution.

The starch thus obtained was suspended in water so as to be a 10% solution and heated in a boiling bath. 4, 7, 8, and 9 were transparently dissolved. Sample No. The viscosity of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 also decreased as compared with that before the superheated steam treatment, and dissolved similarly. Sample No. 4, 7, 8, and 9 were converted into cyste starch having good solubility.
This result showed that the degree of hydrolysis varied depending on conditions such as starch, temperature, and time, but starch was hydrolyzed and reduced in molecular weight.

Example 2
(1) 350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (made by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as a superheated steam generator.
An appropriate amount (50 to 100 g) of a potato starch powder having a particle size of 1 to 100 μm was put in a frying pan and subjected to superheated steam treatment while shaking at 180 to 200 ° C. for 10 minutes. Shake by shaking the frying pan by hand. 10 was obtained.

(2) Commercially available soluble starch, potato starch (raw material of No. 4, that is, untreated), and superheated steam-treated sample No. obtained in (1) above. 2.0 g of each 10 was weighed, suspended in about 40 ml of pure water, added to about 40 ml of boiling water so as not to cause starch lumps, and filled up to 100 ml while hot. 0.5 ml starch solution was added to 0.4 ml of 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and kept at 37 ° C. 0.1 ml of α-amylase (α-amylase Type VI-B from Porcine Pancreas, manufactured by Sigma) solution prepared to 15.5 U / ml was added and reacted. 200 μL of the reaction solution was collected over time, 3.8 ml of pure water was added, and 10 μL of iodine test solution was added. The absorbance spectrum was measured by appropriately diluting the absorbance to be 2.0 or less, and the maximum absorbance wavelength after 1 hour of reaction and 18 hours after reaction was determined. In addition, the wavelength before the reaction is also shown in Table 2.
The iodine test solution was prepared as follows. Weigh 14 g of iodine, add 100 ml of potassium iodide solution (2 → 5) to dissolve, add 1 ml of hydrochloric acid (1 → 4) and water to 1000 ml. Stored protected from light.
The activity of α-amylase was defined as 1 unit that liberates 1.0 mg of maltose from starch in 3 minutes at 20 ° C. and pH 6.9.

  Even after 18 hours of reaction, sample No. The purple of 10 was dark and the polymer remained even after the action of α-amylase. Superheated steam-treated sample No. 10 was partially indigestible, indicating that it was converted to indigestible cyste starch.

Example 3
A 350 steam DC oven NF-5020C (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the superheated steam generator. An appropriate amount of waxy corn starch (particle size: 1 to 100 μm) was put in a frying pan and subjected to superheated steam treatment while shaking at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes. Shaking was performed by shaking the frying pan by hand.

  The obtained starch was suspended in water so as to become a 10% solution and heated in a boiling bath to dissolve transparently. It can be seen that the waxy corn has been converted into a highly soluble cyste starch.

Example 4
350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is used as a superheated steam generator, and waxy corn starch (particle size 1-100 μm) is treated at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes with shaking to dissolve. A cis starch having good properties was obtained. However, it was slightly colored.

Example 5
350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is used as a superheated steam generator, and waxy corn starch (particle size 1-100 μm) is treated with shaking at 350 ° C. for 5 minutes to dissolve. A cis starch having good properties was obtained. The coloring was quite advanced but the solubility was very good.

Example 6
350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as a superheated steam generator, and commercial avicel cellulose (particle size 1 to 500 μm) was treated at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes with shaking. Some dissolved. When sprayed with a 1 molar citric acid solution under the same conditions, the dissolved components further increased.

Example 7
350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as a superheated steam generator, and the same amount of citric acid and erythritol was added to this while shaking Avicel cellulose (particle size 1 to 500 μm) As a result of spraying the mixture, treating at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, and extracting with hot water, what was expected to be a composite was formed. The analysis was performed by HPLC eluting with an ODS column and phosphoric acid-containing methanol. Any component may also be bound to the carrier Avicel cellulose.

Example 8
Using 350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a superheated steam generator, while shaking corn starch (particle size 1-100 μm), 3 mol of acetic acid as an organic acid, What melt | dissolved 1 mol of glycerol in water was sprayed, and it processed for 15 minutes at 170 degreeC. This whole became soluble, and the fat-soluble component, astaxanthin, could be made partially soluble. This product can be widely used as a food material.

Example 9
The same as Example 8 except that 350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the superheated steam generator and 3 mol of butyric acid and 1 mol of glycerin were dissolved in water as the organic acid. A similar product was obtained.

Example 10
As in Example 8, except that 350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the superheated steam generator, and 3 mol of lactic acid and 1 mol of glycerin were dissolved in water as the organic acid. A similar product was obtained.

Example 11
Example 8 except that 350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the superheated steam generator, and 1 mol of citric acid and 1 mol of glycerin were dissolved in water as the organic acid. Similar products were obtained in the same way.

Example 12
350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as a superheated steam generator, and 4 moles of butyric acid as an organic acid was added to this while shaking avicel cellulose (particle size 1 to 500 μm). Then, 1 mol of erythritol dissolved in water as a carbohydrate was sprayed and treated at 170 ° C. for 15 minutes. The whole was extracted with hot water to obtain a liquid product. This product is water-soluble and fat-soluble component, DHA can be made partially soluble. This product can be widely used as a food material.

Example 13
350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as a superheated steam generator, and 6 mol of butyric acid was used as an organic acid while shaking avicel cellulose (particle size 1 to 500 μm). Then, 1 mol of sorbitol dissolved in water as a carbohydrate was sprayed and treated at 170 ° C. for 15 minutes. The whole was extracted with hot water to obtain a liquid product. This product was able to make part of the water-soluble and fat-soluble component, DHA, soluble. This product can be widely used as a food material.

Example 14
A 350 steam DC oven NF-5050C-W (manufactured by Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as a superheated steam generator, and the flavor solution containing the tea extract was immersed in starch and treated at 170 ° C. for 15 minutes. A powder retaining the color and aroma of tea was obtained. This product can be widely used as a food material.

In this way, it is possible to produce cis starch, cyst powder, and other food materials by a simple method without coloring by high-temperature heating as in the prior art and without requiring a complicated process.
Further, as described above, the method of the present invention is a reaction in a high temperature / reducing atmosphere, and thus is characterized in that a reaction between organic compounds can be carried out even under the condition of burning in the atmosphere. If an acid and alcohol are mixed and reacted, an ester can be produced, and a scent can be imparted.

  According to the present invention, the superheated steam treatment of the powder, and not only the soluble starch material that is hardly colored from the starch, but also the indigestible starch material, other various food materials, and further the composite food material are produced. Became possible. The manufacturing method is extremely simple and safe, leading to a reduction in product costs. The manufactured product can be used for health-oriented foods as an indigestible material. A multi-branched dextrin could be produced from waxy corn starch. Processed starch of wheat starch, rice starch, and corn starch has a fermentation delay effect and can be used for manufacturing deep brewed foods. Corn starch and potato starch have improved digestibility, stabilized and retained a grain structure, and can also be used for the production of crispy foods. It can be used as a food for elderly people. In addition, it is possible to produce crosslinked starch and gum starch by an organic acid spray treatment. Production of seawater-treated starch, hot spring water-treated starch, etc. is also possible.

  Furthermore, the method of the present invention is also applicable to cosmetics and pharmaceutical production, and is expected to be used for improving and stabilizing components contained therein.

Claims (2)

  Powdered wheat powder; rice flour; or powdered food consisting of starch, starch hydrolyzate, fructose, cellulose, cellulose degradation product, chitin and chitin degradation powder selected from the group consisting of: A process for producing a powdered food material whose characteristics have been converted, wherein the raw material is treated with superheated steam at 150 to 600 ° C for 5 to 15 minutes while maintaining the separated state.   The powdered food material is treated with superheated steam while spraying at least one liquid selected from the group consisting of water, sugar, sugar alcohol, alcohol, alkali, organic acid and oil on the powdered food material. The method according to claim 1, wherein: