JP4783933B2 - Ocean water circulation type natural seafood breeding system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fishery technology for cultivating marine resources, and particularly to an optimal breeding environment for marine seafood.

  Conventional edible seafood breeding methods include sea surface aquaculture methods (for example, see Patent Literatures 1, 2, and 3) surrounded by floating fishing nets, and aquaculture methods using aquaculture tanks installed on land. (For example, refer to Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6.). In addition, cultivated fisheries (see, for example, Patent Documents 7, 8, and 9) in which juveniles and juveniles raised from seedlings are released to the coast of the fishery target sea area to supplement natural fishery resources that are on the decline. ing.

JP-A-6-007056 JP 2005-013185 A JP-A-6-209675 JP 2008-283896 A JP 2008-148687 A JP 2002-233268 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-082466 JP 09-037677 A JP 2002-233265 A

  However, in sea surface aquaculture, over-feeding and overcrowding due to excessive profit pursuits cause environmental destruction in the surrounding sea area due to deterioration of water quality, and further, rearing organisms derived from unrelenting feeding and closed, monotonous breeding environments There are many difficult problems to solve, such as malformation of fish and the occurrence of illness, growth inhibition, red tide catastrophic blows, facility damage due to storms, etc. Has occurred.

  In addition, in the floating shore-based aquaculture provided at the seaside, the environmental destruction caused by water pollution is promoted as in the case of sea surface aquaculture. Drugs are used and drug contamination is regarded as a problem.

Furthermore it comes to land closed circulation type breeding aquarium in recent years widespread trend, performed amount of dissolved oxygen in the seawater to the addition of pure oxygen to approximate to saturation 150 kilometers from 100 kg per 1 m ³ (Japan filtration system for an example and Wakayama Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station in the country, which mimics the ultra-high-density rearing of not extraordinary Western formula of recommended) the 10 kilometers back and forth per 1m ³ to form a biological filtration based on the nitrification reduction action However, in addition to the above-mentioned poor environment for pickling chemicals, it requires a large amount of power for complicated filtration equipment, seawater piping, and large cooling equipment, and it requires a lot of running costs to feed artificial feed. In addition, permanent equipment maintenance for removing naturally occurring deposits such as barnacles, mussels and oysters is extremely difficult.

  In addition, even in the current cultivated fishery industry led by the Fisheries Agency, where juveniles and larvae are released into the coastal waters of the fishery target area, the technology for growing fry and larvae from seafood eggs (seed seedlings) is seen on a global level. However, despite being at the cutting edge, it is said that the fish catch is low and the yield is overwhelming compared to the total number of juveniles and larvae released (becoming a prey for other fish. For example, it cannot be harvested because it is hidden behind a rock, it cannot survive, etc.), due to the rise in seawater temperature due to the effects of global warming, acidification of seawater, red tide, haze, etc. The decline of seaweed reefs has led to a decrease in marine resources.

  Furthermore, the recent shift of fish cultures by consumers is based on the enduring gourmet boom due to the advancement of food culture and the taste of natural products due to the delicate taste of Japanese people. No fish has a similar taste, environmental destruction due to deterioration of water quality due to overfeeding and overcrowding, administration of antibiotics and drugs, and aquaculture down the formalin runoff problem.

  Various problems over the years as described above, such as sea farming methods that have accelerated environmental destruction by pursuing only profits in open fields, and land farming methods that continue to produce unhealthy fishery products that are drugged In addition to drastic improvement, we are worried that the impact of global warming in the coastal area will increase significantly in the future, and we have a variety of excellent juvenile fish and shellfish production technologies in Japan that reach over 80 kinds of target seafood The purpose is to artificially reproduce the intertidal zone of the coastal reef area, which is the place where cultivated fisheries are released, and to create a growth environment similar to the natural sea on the ground.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the problem-solving means of the present invention is to carry out the fishery for fishery products normally carried out in the coastal area on the ground, and is composed of a water channel having a basic trapezoidal cross-sectional shape. In the oval-circular artificial lagoon, seaweed reefs such as a gentle slope that forms a seaweed reef and nurtures rocky bottom seafood and benthos food (fish that eats organisms in the sand and other sand) The ocean water intake system that uses renewable energy as the main power source in the lagoon has a depth that is not easily affected by warming such as acidification of seawater and high water temperature. Natural growth of seafood by separately taking and mixing light layer water (marine subsurface water) and low-temperature, sterile, deep water below the compensated depth (no light layer) rich in nutrients. Adjust to the same water temperature range as the place, and from the surface area that has mixed By introducing marine water containing various animal and phytoplanktons up to the deep sea by pipeline transportation using renewable energy as the main power source, material circulation in the hydrosphere through the food chain starting from basic production (primary production) of phytoplankton Is created and an ocean water circulation type natural seafood breeding system is established to reproduce the marine ecosystem on the ground.

1) The surface water of the ocean is deep in the ocean below the compensation depth rich in low-temperature, sterile eutrophic salts (nitrate, phosphate, silicate, nitrogen, etc.) that have different physical, chemical and biological properties. The development of water-based seaweeds and seaweeds and seafood promotes faster growth than the natural world.
2) Fish and shellfish that can ensure a natural environment and various foods as well as natural products grow into a delicious body that is as close to nature as possible.
3) The ability to adjust the water temperature makes it possible to grow a variety of marine organisms from cold water to the tropical zone.
4) Because of the simple configuration based only on existing technology, no mechanical trouble other than pump failure occurs.
5) The fish and shellfish grown in the ideal environment can be distributed to the market at an appropriate price.
6) Absorption of greenhouse gases by dense seaweed reefs and bivalves contributes to the prevention of global warming as the water surface area increases.
7) By procuring all power sources of the system with renewable energy, it is possible to achieve carbon minus (carbon positive) based on the Kyoto Protocol.
8) When the present invention is implemented in developing countries such as African countries, South American countries, Southeast Asian countries, etc., employment and food security can be achieved permanently, and the economy of the poor in the surrounding area can be activated. Things are possible.

It is the conceptual diagram and piping system diagram of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the basic structure in the 1st form for implementing this invention. It is a perspective sectional view in the 1st form for carrying out the present invention. It is a fragmentary perspective sectional view of the modification which connected three waterway parts in the 1st form for carrying out the present invention. It is a perspective view of the modification which connected the 1st form for carrying out the present invention back and forth, and right and left. It is a perspective sectional view of the channel part in the 2nd form for carrying out the present invention. It is a fragmentary perspective sectional view of the modification which connected 3rd the 2nd form for implementing this invention. It is a perspective sectional view of the channel part in the 3rd form for carrying out the present invention. It is a fragmentary perspective sectional view of the modification which connected the 3rd form for carrying out the present invention three.

  Hereinafter, the first to seventh examples of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In the piping system diagram in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 1, seawater taken from the ocean water intakes 1 and 2 passes through the intake pipes 3 and 4, passes through the check valves 5 and 6, and 7 and The flow rate is adjusted appropriately with 8 valves, mixed with 9 straight teeth, and with the purpose of reducing internal resistance during pumping with 10 eccentric reducers and considering the reduction of internal diameter due to long-term deposit accumulation The diameter is increased, and it passes through 12 water supply pipes by 11 main pumps and is sent to the revolving artificial lagoon of FIG. 2 to generate a good water flow by a plurality of submersible pumps.

  This is not necessary when this embodiment is installed at the seaside, but when sending ocean water to a long distance or high altitude, use 13 relay pump stations to increase the feed pressure, and make the artificial lagoon of FIG. Pumped. If necessary, just before the seawater is introduced into the artificial lagoon to increase the water temperature, a wide open culvert structure near the end of the water pipe is used to reduce the flow velocity, increase the water surface area and warm the seawater with solar energy. Hereinafter, the ocean water filled with the artificial lagoon is drained from the outlet of 14 overflow waters, passes through 15 condensate pipes, and is discharged to the ocean. Note that a condensate pipe is not required when seawater is reused in a seawater desalination plant or a hydrogen production apparatus.

The orbital artificial lagoon based on the oval shape shown in FIG. 2 has a gentle slope B and a sandy layer C based on an excavated ground surface or a structural frame A such as FRP or concrete, and is a reverse for growing seafood. Constructs a circulation channel with a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape. The basic size is assumed to be about 8 to 10 m in depth, about 35 m in width, about 400 m in inner circumference, about 650 m in outer circumference, and about 135,000 m ^{3 in} total water volume, but the artificial lagoon itself is pipeline transport It is a simple seawater tray connected to the ocean through and is a simple mechanism composed of gentle slopes and sandy grounds, so the scale can be higher or lower.

  Small-scale ones used for rearing abalone, sea urchins, lobsters, etc. can be FRP or concrete structures, and large-scale ones using vast flat land are located along the outline of the planned artificial lagoon. The ground is excavated, and the excavated soil is filled outside the outline to create a bank. Depending on the soil quality, waterproofing can be applied, and if you create many small islands on the inner ground surface and create many gentle slopes that form a seaweed reef, an artificial sea can be created by a very simple civil engineering method, and the islands can be connected by a bridge Residential facilities can be built in the island space.

  For reference, typical capacities of oil pipeline transportation systems currently in operation around the world that can be diverted for transportation of ocean water and seawater desalination plants assumed to be attached to the present invention are shown below. As a result, the present invention is considered to be sufficiently feasible.

···pipeline···
・ Trans Alaska Pipeline (Alaska, USA) Total length of about 1300 km (11 relay pump stations, 4 pumps each) Transport capacity about 114,000 m ^{3 a} day ³
・ Baku Tbilisi Jayhan (BTC) Pipeline (Azerbaijan Georgia Turkey) Total length of about 1770km (maximum altitude 2830m, 8 relay pump stations) Transportation capacity About 160,000m ^{3 a} day ³
・ Doljiba Pipeline (Russia, Ukraine) Total length of about 4000 km (20 relay pump stations) Transportation capacity: about 200,000 m ^{3 a} day ³

... Seawater desalination plant ...
・ ・ Reverse osmosis method (RO water) ・ ・
・ Ashkelon desalination plant (Israel) 330,000 tons / day ・ Fukuoka City Higashi-ku desalination plant (Japan) 50,000 tons / day ・ ・ Multi-stage flash method (distillation method) ・ ・
・ Jeddah No.4 daily desalination plant (Saudi Arabia) 220,000 tons / day Ashvale desalination plant (Saudi Arabia) 1 million tons (excerpt from Wikipedia USA)

The seawater to be used is a deep sea water with a depth of 300 m or less that has a clear temperature difference and physical characteristics compared to surface water, and a water depth that is not easily affected by the warming or acidification of seawater caused by global warming. About 15m of light layer water (ocean subsurface water) is taken with a separate pipe.
For piping that can withstand corrosion caused by seawater, select materials such as vinyl chloride lining, polyethylene lining, nylon lining, FRP lining, super stainless steel, SUS304L, SUS316L, ABS resin pipe, polyethylene pipe, etc. For piping using carbon steel Use energized anti-corrosion that uses renewable energy to further prevent corrosion.

  The gentle slope B in Fig. 2 is uniformly distributed over all seaweed reefs when incorporated in a circular channel, based on the solar trajectory in winter when the incident angle is the shallowest, in order to efficiently perform photosynthesis using solar energy. Create a gentle slope so that it can be exposed to sunlight.

  The surface is not just a flat surface, but an artificial intertidal reef area like an aquarium is reproduced for the purpose of increasing the effective cultivation area. The design is a complex solid with many holes for seafood. In order to facilitate the collection of shellfish, do not make dead spots that are out of reach, and make it easy for spilled seaweeds, such as abalone, to stay.

  During the growth of seaweeds to form a seaweed reef, the intake of seawater is temporarily suspended in the overflow water to be returned to the sea to create a closed circuit (closed circulation circuit), and the water temperature is optimal The zoosporanges produced from seaweed female strains are released into artificial lagoons in large quantities by using production techniques such as cultured seaweed. If you can confirm the colonization of the zoospores, circulate a sufficient amount of seawater as necessary.

  When seaweed grows, abalone, sazae, sea urchin larvae, Ise lobsters, sea bream, ainame, scorpion, soi and other seafood larvae are released. Seafoods that eat shellfish such as octopus, sea bream, and crabs eat larvae and cannot mix them.

  The flora and fauna plankton caught in the introduced seawater gradually emerged in the form of unicellular primitive algae and seaweeds, barnacles and mussels, oysters, squirts, sponges, crustaceans, sandworms, rotifers, etc. The food chain with no feeding is reproduced.

  In terms of seaweed reefs and sandy areas, seagrasses such as sea bream and annual and perennial grasses such as seaweed are cultivated, and from the next generation, spores are naturally propagated in an artificial lagoon to build a natural circulation of plants.

  The sandy layer C in Fig. 2 is used for the temporary intake of the intake system, relay pump station, pipeline maintenance using wire brushed pigs, the effective settlement period of seaweed spores, and the natural spawning time of fish shellfish. It is composed of a thick sand layer for the purpose of producing an anaerobic layer for releasing silver nitrate into the atmosphere as silver nitrate, which can be deposited by decomposition of fish excrement and the like when stopped.

  Also, on the surface of the sandy layer, benthic organisms such as fish including benthic foods such as sea bream, flatfish, kiss, goby, magoti and tongue flakes, and shellfish such as larvae and scallops are bred.

  FIG. 4 is a modification in which three waterway portions in FIG. 2 are connected for the purpose of increasing the seafood breeding area.

  FIG. 5 is a modified example in which a large number of the basic configurations of FIG.

Reference example 1

  FIG. 6 shows a structure in which only the sandy layer C is removed from the water channel portion of FIG. Used for breeding only invertebrates such as sea urchins.

Reference example 2

  FIG. 7 is a modified example in which three configurations of FIG. 6 are connected for the purpose of increasing the seafood breeding area.

Reference example 3

  FIG. 8 shows a structure composed only of the sandy layer C from which the gentle slope B has been removed from the water channel portion of FIG. 2. In the structure of the sandy layer alone, a flat sea bottom is used to reduce the water depth, As well as cultivating varieties, it is possible to cultivate haba nori and cassava nori that are high-class nori. In addition, it is possible to deepen the water depth and make longline aquaculture such as sea squirts, oysters and seaweed.

Reference example 4

  FIG. 9 is a modified example in which three configurations of FIG. 8 are connected for the purpose of increasing the seafood breeding area.

  The fish is harvested by enclosing it with two stabbed nets that cross the waterway, and harvesting only living organisms that have grown properly, intact and alive. The seaweed and shellfish are harvested by divers using the air compressor and air hose from the land, which is generally used in harbor diving work and is capable of diving for a long time with light equipment. The depth of application of diving disease (decompression sickness) according to the occupational safety and health regulations is 12 meters or deeper. By setting the depth of the lagoon to a depth less than that, you can dive for up to 8 hours a day, and by wearing a dry suit Diving work in winter is also comfortable.

  In the following, other utilization concept examples according to the present invention will be described as a supplement.

  Currently, the nuclear power plant in Japan is in a state where it cannot perform “load following operation” that raises or lowers the output according to the power demand due to the influence of human error that caused the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the former Soviet Union. It is always operating near the maximum output. The enormous amount of surplus energy, such as in winter and daily nights when the seawater temperature is low and heat is efficient, is heated by a large amount of seawater of more than 300 tons per second (more than 25 million tons per day) for the TEPCO Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Station. The seawater that has been exchanged and used for cooling is warmed and returned to the sea. Reuse this enormous surplus energy as a power source for intake systems, pipeline transportation, etc. to achieve a vast ocean ranch and a safe artificial reef inland, and gain consensus on potential site for nuclear power plant The possibility is fully expected.

  Since it is possible to produce pure oxygen and pure hydrogen by electrolysis of seawater with renewable energy, we will build a facility for storing hydrogen of the next generation energy planned in the near future. In addition, the infrastructure of the hydrogen station can be improved and may be selected as a CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) under the Kyoto Protocol. The pure oxygen produced at the same time is used for medical and industrial purposes. In the future, companies with severe reductions in excess CO2 allowances will be able to support developing countries as carbon offsets, improve corporate brand image and make effective use of resources.

  Seawater contains all elements, with an estimated 4.5 billion tons of uranium and 6 million tons of pure gold (from Wikipedia). If a method for extracting all components from seawater in the near future is developed, new resources that are almost inexhaustible can be used.

In Japan, farmers who are currently declining due to aging have a considerable amount of idle farmland nationwide, and space is wasted.
Fishermen are also threatened by the decline in catch due to the effects of aging and global warming. If the farmer's idle space is utilized on the leased land and the fisherman carries out the fishing activities according to the present invention inland, both problems will be solved. Since there is no rough sea, harvesting is easy, and labor and costly feeding are not necessary at all.

  Impacts of global warming by implementing the present invention in coastal areas such as United Nations aid agencies, overseas cooperation agencies, official development assistance (ODA), etc. Rescue the growing poor by reducing fishery resources.

  When a nuclear power plant is newly established, the present invention will be implemented to utilize the advanced intelligence of a marine mammal, a dolphin, and a mental health rehabilitation facility equipped with a coral reef will be added.

  An unusual situation that seems to be due to the effects of global warming has already begun, such as a beach that has just opened due to the massive outbreak of highly poisonous jellyfish, which will be closed in a week (in Japan in the summer of 2008). Marine weather is also getting worse year by year. To avoid such a situation, if you have a vast artificial sea in an inland idle land, you can enjoy marine life such as marine life learning, scuba diving, marine fishing, etc. It is possible to create a large marine recreation spot by providing food and beverage facilities and lodging facilities that use seafood harvested in the vicinity.

  Using the Geofront (Deep Underground) concept to reproduce deep seas of 50 meters or more, breeding deep-sea marine seafood such as hair crabs, king crab, kinki, cod, etc., experimenting under pressure Research facilities are also possible.

  When carrying out the present invention in an island or high altitude area, the ocean water is first pumped to the construction site with the highest altitude, and then the overflow water is gradually sent to a low altitude location using natural fall energy. It is possible to build multiple seafood breeding facilities in the form of terraced fields without the need of a power source for the fall, and if the overflow water is finally discharged from the construction site closest to the seashore, do not need.

  When a nuclear fusion reactor is realized in the near future and becomes practical, the necessary deuterium is taken out of the seawater, and the present invention is also implemented.

  In the future, new facilities that use a large amount of seawater as a coolant, such as nuclear power plants and chemical plants, will be provided with the present invention to increase the effective utilization of surplus energy and ocean water.

  For example, the present invention will be implemented in Lake Boga in the Murray Darling Basin, southeastern Australia, which became a lake of death and became unrecoverable due to a record drought published in the National Geographic Magazine April 2009 issue P78-P79. Things can also be considered.

  According to the present invention, a large amount of non-edible seaweeds such as Honda Walla and Aosa are cultivated to produce bioethanol.

A Excavated ground surface, FRP or concrete structure such as concrete.
B A gentle slope that forms a seaweed reef.
C Sandy layer that produces good and anaerobic layers.
1 Deep water intake 2 Surface water intake 3 Deep water intake pipe 4 Surface water intake pipe 5 Deep water check valve (check valve)
6 Surface water check valve (check valve)
7 Deep water flow adjustment butterfly valve 8 Surface water flow adjustment butterfly valve 9 Straight teeth (fitting)
10 eccentric reducer (fitting)
11 Marine water intake main pump 12 Ocean water water pipe 13 Relay pump station 14 Overflow water outlet 15 Overflow water condensate pipe

Claims (5)

A system that cultivates fishery products on the ground, and forms a seaweed reef in an orbital artificial lagoon with an elliptical shape composed of a waterway with an inverted trapezoidal cross section. By providing a gentle slope for breeding bottom seafood and a sandy layer for sandy bottom seafood, circulating ocean water by pipeline transportation in the lagoon, the ocean by the natural food chain Reproduce the ecosystem, cultivate multiple types of seafood without feeding, and improve the energy efficiency during food production by absorbing greenhouse gases through the purification of water and the surface area of marine plants and bivalve bivalves. A marine water circulation type natural seafood breeding system characterized by The gentle slope has a substrate for setting seaweed zoospores and has a shape resembling a reef zone in the intertidal zone. It has a gentle slope from 0 to 30 degrees for efficient photosynthesis. A marine water circulation type natural seafood breeding according to claim 1, comprising an area for breeding bottom seafood, wherein the settlement substrate settles seaweed spores to form an artificial seaweed reef. system. The sandy layer is a cultivation area for seaweed and seaweed cultivation and sandy bottom shark seafood, and generates aerobic and anaerobic layers derived from the natural generation of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria to nitrify and reduce. 3. A marine water circulation type natural fish and shellfish breeding system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen circulation based on the water is promoted. The ocean water is the same as the natural growth place of seafood using the temperature difference due to the difference in water depth by separately taking and mixing the light layer water of the ocean subsurface layer and the non-light layer water below the compensation depth. The marine water circulation type natural seafood breeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water temperature is adjusted to an appropriate water temperature range. The main power sources such as the ocean water intake pump system to be introduced into the revolving artificial lagoon, the relay pump related to the pipeline transportation system, the submersible pump for generating water flow in the artificial lagoon, and the energization type anticorrosion are renewable energy. The marine water circulation type natural seafood breeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein there is a certain thing.

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