JP4778773B2 - Variable capacity compressor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a variable capacity compressor.

  For example, a variable capacity compressor disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is a drive having a housing having a crank chamber and a cylinder bore, a drive shaft rotatably supported by the housing and rotatable in the crank chamber, and fixed to the drive shaft. A rotor that rotates integrally with the shaft, a swash plate that is tiltably mounted on the drive shaft, and a rotor and swash plate that change the tilt angle of the swash plate while transmitting rotational torque from the rotor to the swash plate. A coupling mechanism for coupling and a piston that is anchored to the swash plate and reciprocates in the cylinder bore are provided. When the drive shaft is rotated, the swash plate rotates through the drive shaft, the rotor, and the coupling mechanism, the piston reciprocates in the cylinder bore, and the medium to be compressed is compressed. When changing the compression amount, the compression amount can be changed by changing the inclination angle of the swash plate, that is, changing the piston stroke of the piston.

  A thrust bearing is interposed between the housing and the rotor, and a compression reaction force acting on the rotor through the piston, the swash plate, and the coupling mechanism is received by the housing via the thrust bearing.

  The compression reaction force applied to the rotor is not uniform in the circumferential direction of the rotor and is the largest in the vicinity of the top dead center position of the swash plate (position where the coupling mechanism is located). It becomes the smallest near the opposite side of the shaft.

In addition, when the swash plate rotates, if the top dead center position of the swash plate comes to a position facing the piston, a large compression reaction force is applied to the top dead center position of the swash plate. When it comes between the pistons, the compression reaction force applied to the top dead center position of the swash plate is weakened. Therefore, a large compression reaction force is intermittently applied at the top dead center position of the swash plate.
JP 2003-172417 A JP-A-10-176658 JP 2000-18156 A

  Here, the thrust receiving surface of the housing and the thrust receiving surface of the rotor are both processed so as to be orthogonal to the drive shaft, but the undulation of the thrust receiving surface caused by processing variations is completely eliminated. It is not possible. Therefore, depending on the product, the thrust receiving surface of the rotor may have a shape that dents on the top dead center side of the swash plate and rises on the bottom dead center side of the swash plate. In products with such undulations, the thrust bearing surfaces are sandwiched between the two thrust receiving surfaces on the bottom dead center side, and conversely, on the top dead center side, there is a gap between the two thrust receiving surfaces. In this state, the thrust bearing is sandwiched.

  For this reason, when a large compression reaction force is intermittently applied to the top dead center of the swash plate, the portion corresponding to the top dead center of the swash plate of the rotor repeatedly collides with the thrust bearing, and a striking vibration sound is generated.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the problems of the prior art described above, and is a variable that can reduce the impact vibration noise between the thrust receiving surface of the housing and the thrust receiving surface of the rotating member opposed to each other across the thrust bearing. The purpose is to provide a capacity compressor.

The invention according to claim 1 is a variable capacity compressor, a housing, a drive shaft rotatable in the housing, a rotating member fixed to the drive shaft and rotating integrally with the drive shaft, A tilting member that is tiltably mounted on the drive shaft, and a coupling mechanism that couples the rotating member and the tilting member to allow the tilting member to tilt and transmit the rotational torque of the rotating member to the tilting member. And a piston that reciprocates with the rotational movement of the tilting member,
A thrust receiving surface of the housing and a thrust receiving surface of the rotating member are arranged to face each other with a thrust bearing interposed therebetween, and the thrust receiving surface of the housing and the thrust receiving surface of the rotating member are in a stopped state when the rotating member is stopped . The clearance is characterized in that a portion of the rotating member where the coupling mechanism is provided and its vicinity are minimized.

The invention according to claim 2 is a variable capacity compressor, a housing, a drive shaft that is rotatable in the housing, and a rotating member that is fixed to the drive shaft and rotates integrally with the drive shaft. A tilting member that is tiltably mounted on the drive shaft, and a link that connects the rotating member and the tilting member to allow the tilting member to tilt and transmit the rotational torque of the rotating member to the tilting member. A mechanism and a piston that reciprocates as the tilting member rotates,
A thrust receiving surface of the housing and a thrust receiving surface of the rotating member are arranged to face each other with a thrust bearing interposed therebetween, and when the rotating member is stopped, the thrust receiving surface of the rotating member includes a portion where the coupling mechanism is located and The neighborhood is raised more than other parts.
The invention according to claim 3 is a thrust receiving surface manufacturing method used in the variable capacity compressor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thrust receiving surface manufacturing method is fixed to a drive shaft rotatable in a housing, and The reciprocating motion is accompanied by the rotational movement of a rotating member having a thrust receiving surface formed integrally with the driving shaft and formed by a surface substantially orthogonal to the driving shaft, and a tilting member that is tiltably mounted on the driving shaft. A piston, a coupling mechanism that couples the rotating member and the tilting member to allow the tilting member to tilt, and transmits a rotational torque of the rotating member to the tilting member, and the rotation on the drive shaft As an assembly in which a member is press-fitted and fixed, the assembly tool is supported by a clamp, and the turning tool is supported with the drive shaft tilted so that the surface perpendicular to the drive shaft is inclined with respect to the cutting surface of the turning tool. At the rotating member The door receiving surface, characterized in that it is turning.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the thrust receiving surface of the rotor is in close contact with the thrust receiving surface of the housing via the thrust bearing on the top dead center side of the swash plate. Even if a large compression reaction force is intermittently applied, it is difficult for the vibration vibration sound to be generated, and the vibration vibration sound can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.

  Hereinafter, a variable capacity compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

"Variable capacity compressor"
First, the overall structure of the variable capacity compressor will be described. FIG. 1 is an overall cross-sectional view of a variable capacity compressor.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the variable capacity compressor 1 of this embodiment includes a cylinder block 2 having a plurality of (in this example, five (see FIG. 7)) cylinder bores 3 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, A front housing 4 joined to the front end surface of the cylinder block 2 and forming a crank chamber 5 with the cylinder block 2, and a suction plate 7 and a discharge chamber joined to the rear end surface of the cylinder block 2 via a valve plate 9. And a rear housing 6 forming 8. The cylinder block 2, the front housing 4 and the rear housing 6 are fastened and fixed by a plurality of through bolts 13. The cylinder block 2, the front housing 4 and the rear housing 6 are fastened and fixed by a plurality of through bolts 13.

  The valve plate 9 includes a suction hole 11 that communicates the cylinder bore 3 and the suction chamber 7, and a discharge hole 12 that communicates the cylinder bore 3 and the discharge chamber 8.

  A suction valve mechanism (not shown) for opening and closing the suction hole 11 is provided on the cylinder block 2 side of the valve plate 9, while a discharge (not shown) for opening and closing the discharge hole 12 is provided on the rear housing 6 side of the valve plate 9. A valve mechanism is provided. A gasket (not shown) is interposed between the valve plate 9 and the rear housing 6 so that the airtightness of the suction chamber 7 and the discharge chamber 8 is maintained.

  The drive shaft 10 is pivotally supported via radial bearings 15 and 19 in the central through holes 14 and 18 serving as bearing holes at the center of the cylinder block 2 and the front housing 4, whereby the drive shaft 10 rotates in the crank chamber 5. It is free.

  A thrust bearing 20 is interposed between the front end surface of the rotor 21 fixed to the drive shaft 10 and the inner wall surface of the rear housing 6, and serves as a fixing member fixed to the central through hole 14 of the cylinder block 2. A thrust bearing 16 is interposed between the adjusting screw 17 and the rear end surface of the drive shaft 10. These thrust bearings 16 and 20 restrict movement of the drive shaft 10 in the axial direction. The thrust bearings 16 and 20 of this example also include a pair of races, a plurality of needles as rolling elements that are sandwiched between the pair of races, and a retainer that holds the plurality of needles between the pair of races in a freely rollable manner. , And is configured.

  In the crank chamber 5, a rotor 21 as a rotating member fixed to the drive shaft 10, a sleeve 22 slidably mounted on the drive shaft 10 in the axial direction, and a pivot pin 61 on the sleeve 22. A swash plate 24 as a tilting member that is connected and tiltable with respect to the sleeve 22 is provided. That is, the swash plate 24 is attached to the drive shaft 10 via the sleeve 22 and the pivot pin 61 so that the swash plate 24 can be tilted with respect to the drive shaft 10 and slidable in the axial direction of the drive shaft 10. . In this example, the swash plate 24 includes a hub 25 attached to the sleeve 22 so as to be tiltable and rotatable, and a swash plate body 26 fixed to a boss portion 25 a of the hub 25.

  A piston 29 is slidably accommodated in each cylinder bore 3, and the piston 29 is connected to the swash plate 24 via a pair of hemispherical piston shoes 30, 30.

  A connecting mechanism 40 is interposed between the rotor 21 as the rotating member and the swash plate 24 as the tilting member. The connecting mechanism 40 allows the rotation of the rotor 21 while allowing the tilt angle of the swash plate 24 to vary. Torque can be transmitted to the swash plate 24.

  The inclination angle of the swash plate 24 decreases when the sleeve 22 moves closer to the cylinder block 2 against the return spring 52, while the inclination angle of the swash plate 24 decreases while the sleeve 22 resists the return spring 51. When moving in a direction away from 2, the inclination angle of the swash plate 24 increases.

  When the drive shaft 10 rotates, the rotor 21 rotates integrally with the drive shaft 10, and the rotation of the rotor 21 is transmitted to the swash plate 24 via the coupling mechanism 40. The rotation of the swash plate 24 is converted into a reciprocating motion of the piston 29 via the pair of piston shoes 30, 30. When the piston 29 reciprocates in the cylinder bore 3, the refrigerant in the suction chamber 7 is sucked into the cylinder bore 3 through the suction hole 11 of the valve plate 9 and then compressed in the cylinder bore 3. It is discharged into the discharge chamber 8 through the discharge hole 12.

  In order to change the discharge capacity of the refrigerant, the piston stroke is changed by changing the inclination angle of the swash plate 24. More specifically, the piston stroke is changed by changing the inclination angle of the swash plate 24 by the differential pressure (pressure balance) between the crank chamber pressure Pc on the rear surface side of the piston 29 and the suction chamber pressure Ps on the front surface side of the piston 29. . Therefore, this variable capacity compressor is provided with a pressure control mechanism. The pressure control mechanism includes an extraction passage (not shown) that connects the crank chamber 5 and the suction chamber 7, an air supply passage (not shown) that connects the crank chamber 5 and the discharge chamber 8, and the air supply passage. , And a control valve 33 that controls opening and closing of the air supply passage.

  When the air supply passage is opened by the control valve 33, high-pressure refrigerant gas flows from the discharge chamber 8 into the crank chamber 5 through the air supply passage, thereby increasing the pressure in the crank chamber 5. When the pressure in the crank chamber 5 increases, the sleeve 22 moves closer to the cylinder block 2 while the inclination angle of the swash plate 24 decreases, so that the piston stroke becomes smaller and the discharge amount decreases.

  On the other hand, when the air supply passage is closed by the control valve 33, the refrigerant gas has always escaped from the crank chamber 5 to the suction chamber 7 through the extraction passage, so that the pressure difference between the suction chamber 7 and the crank chamber 5 gradually disappears and becomes uniform. Pressure. Then, while the sleeve 22 moves away from the cylinder block 2, the inclination angle of the swash plate 24 increases, the piston stroke increases, and the discharge amount increases.

"Coupling mechanism"
Next, the connection mechanism will be described. 2 is a perspective view seen from the swash plate side of the assembly in which the swash plate and the rotor are assembled to the drive shaft, FIG. 3 is a perspective view seen from the rotor side of the assembly in which the swash plate and the rotor are assembled to the drive shaft, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the assembly.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the coupling mechanism 40 includes a pair of arms 41 and 41 that protrude from the rotor 21 toward the swash plate 24 and face each other across the slit 41 s, and the swash plate 24 to the rotor 21. A pair of arms 43, 43 projecting toward the slit 43 s, a slit 41 s of the rotor 21 (between the pair of arms 41, 41), and a slit 43 s of the swash plate 24 (between the pair of arms 43, 43) And a rectangular link member 45 inserted therein. Note that any pair of arms 41, 41 and 43, 43 are arranged to face each other in a direction orthogonal to the drive shaft 10 (= tangential direction of the rotational direction).

  The link member 45 is slidably fitted between the pair of arms 41 s and 43 s, and one end portion 45 a of the link member 45 is rotatable to the pair of arms 41 and 41 of the rotor 21 by the first connecting pin 46. The other end portion 45 b of the link member 45 is rotatably connected to the pair of arms 43, 43 of the swash plate 24 by the second connection pin 47. Note that both the connecting pins 46 and 47 are set in a direction orthogonal to the drive shaft 10 (= tangential direction of the rotation direction).

  With such a structure, the connecting mechanism 40 can transmit the rotational torque of the rotor 21 to the swash plate 24 while connecting the rotor 21 and the swash plate 24 and allowing the swash plate 24 to tilt.

"Compression reaction force"
Next, the compression reaction force during operation of the compressor will be described.

During the operation of the compressor (when the drive shaft rotates), a compression reaction force Fp from the piston 29 is applied to the swash plate 24. As shown in FIG. 2, the compression reaction force Fp becomes maximum near the top dead center TDC of the swash plate (that is, near the position where the connecting mechanism 40 is located), and becomes minimum near the bottom dead center BDC of the swash plate. (Note that the maximum value point of the compression reaction force Fp moves around the top dead center TDC along the rotation direction depending on the rotation speed of the swash plate 24.)
FIG. 6 is a line graph showing the compression reaction force Fp received by the top dead center TDC of the swash plate 24 from one cylinder bore 3A. As shown in FIG. 6, a compression reaction force is received from the cylinder bore 3A of one top dead center TDC of the swash plate in the range of about 100 ° in the front-rear direction. Note that point A in FIG. 6 corresponds to point A in FIG. 7A, point C in FIG. 6 corresponds to point C in FIG. 7B, and point E in FIG. This corresponds to point E in c).

  FIG. 8 shows the total compression reaction force obtained by summing the compression reaction forces from all the cylinder bores 3 (3A to 3E) received at the top dead center TDC of the swash plate. As shown in FIG. 8, when the top dead center TDC of the swash plate is located between the cylinder bore 3 and the cylinder bore 3 (see FIG. 9 (a) or FIG. 9 (c)), the compression reaction force is weakened. The compression reaction force Fp received is smaller than when the top dead center TDC of the plate is located at the center of the cylinder bore 3 (see FIG. 9B). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the compression reaction force received by the top dead center TDC of the swash plate periodically repeats strength during rotation.

"Clearance management between housing and rotor"
Since the compression reaction force received by the top dead center TDC of the swash plate periodically repeats strength, the position of the rotor 21 corresponding to the top dead center TDC of the swash plate (that is, the position corresponding to the coupling mechanism 40). Therefore, a very large compression reaction force Fp is periodically applied. Therefore, there is a concern that a striking vibration noise is generated by repeatedly colliding with the thrust bearing 20 at this portion.

  In the present embodiment, in order to prevent this, the following devices are made on the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21.

  10 is a side view showing the rotor 21, and FIG. 11 shows the height shape of the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21 with respect to the surface 71 orthogonal to the drive shaft 10 measured along the line XI-XI in FIG. Is. In FIG. 11, the lowest point of the thrust receiving surface 63 is zero.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor of the present embodiment is formed by a surface substantially orthogonal to the drive shaft 10, but the portion corresponding to the top dead center TDC of the swash plate (coupling mechanism) 40) and the vicinity thereof swells toward the thrust receiving surface 63 side of the housing with respect to the surface 71 (see FIG. 12) orthogonal to the drive shaft. In this example, the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor is formed by a plane inclined with respect to the surface 71 orthogonal to the drive shaft, and the portion corresponding to the top dead center TDC of the swash plate is the highest, and the bottom dead center of the swash plate The portion corresponding to the point BDC is the lowest.

"Action"
When the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21 is processed in this way (indicated by a solid line in FIG. 13), the rotor thrust receiving surface 63 is processed with a surface orthogonal to the drive shaft as shown in the experimental results of FIG. Compared to the case (indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 13), the amount of noise generated between the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21 and the thrust receiving surface 62 of the front housing 4 is reduced.

"Example of manufacturing method"
Here, an example of the manufacturing method of the thrust receiving surface of the rotor of this embodiment is shown in FIG. In the manufacturing method of the thrust receiving surface shown in FIG. 12, first, this assembly is supported by a clamp 69 as an assembly in which the rotor 21 is press-fitted and fixed to the drive shaft 10. At this time, the drive shaft 10 is inclined and supported so that the surface 71 orthogonal to the drive shaft 10 is inclined with respect to the cutting surface 67 of the turning tool 65. In this state, the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor is turned with the turning tool 65. The thrust receiving surface 63 of the processed rotor 21 is an inclined surface shown in FIG. That is, the processed thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21 has the highest position corresponding to the top dead center TDC of the swash plate with respect to the surface 71 (see FIG. 12) orthogonal to the drive shaft, and is below the swash plate. The position corresponding to the dead center BDC is the lowest inclined surface.

"effect"
The effects of this embodiment will be summarized below.

  (1) In this embodiment, the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21 is located at a position corresponding to the top dead center TDC of the swash plate (a position corresponding to the coupling mechanism 40) and the vicinity thereof. It swells to the thrust receiving surface 62 side. In other words, the clearance between the thrust receiving surface 62 of the housing 4 and the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21 is a position corresponding to the top dead center TDC of the swash plate (a position corresponding to the coupling mechanism 40). And its neighborhood is minimal.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the top dead center TDC side of the swash plate of the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor 21 is always in close contact with the thrust receiving surface 62 of the housing 4 via the thrust bearing 20. Even if a large compression reaction force Fp is intermittently applied to the dead center TDC position, it is difficult to generate a striking vibration sound, and the striking vibration sound is reduced as compared with the conventional case.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor is formed as a plane inclined as a whole with respect to the surface 71 orthogonal to the drive shaft as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 14, it may be formed of a plurality of surfaces having different inclination angles. Further, the thrust receiving surface 63 of the rotor may be gradually changed in inclination angle without being linearly inclined as shown in FIG.

  In the above-described embodiment, a swash swash plate (rotary swash plate) is used. However, in the present invention, a wobble swash plate (non-rotating swash plate) may be used. Alternatively, a swash plate may be used.

  Various other modifications are possible as long as they belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a variable capacity compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view seen from the swash plate side of an assembly in which a swash plate and a rotor are assembled to a drive shaft. FIG. 3 is a perspective view seen from the rotor side of an assembly in which a swash plate and a rotor are assembled to a drive shaft. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the assembly. FIG. 6 is a line graph showing the compression reaction force that the top dead center of the swash plate receives from one cylinder bore. FIG. 7 is a correspondence diagram between points A, C, and E in FIG. 6 and shows the positional relationship between one cylinder bore and the top dead center of the swash plate. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the total compression reaction force obtained by adding up the compression reaction forces from all the cylinder bores received at the top dead center of the swash plate. FIG. 9 is a correspondence diagram between point B, point C, and point D in FIG. 8 and shows the positional relationship between the cylinder bore and the top dead center of the swash plate. FIG. 10 is a front view of the rotor of this embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of the thrust receiving surface of the rotor along the line XI-XI in FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is a side view showing a method of manufacturing the thrust receiving surface of the rotor according to the present embodiment. FIG. 13 is a line graph comparing the amount of noise between a comparative example in which the rotor is formed with a thrust receiving surface orthogonal to the drive shaft and this embodiment. FIG. 14 is a view showing a modification of the thrust receiving surface. FIG. 15 is a view showing a modification of the thrust receiving surface.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Variable capacity compressor 4 ... Front housing (housing)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Drive shaft 20 ... Thrust bearing 21 ... Rotor (rotary member)
22 ... Sleeve 24 ... Swash plate (tilting member)
29 ... Piston 40 ... Connection mechanism TDC ... Top dead center of swash plate BDC ... Bottom dead center of swash plate

Claims (3)

A housing (4);
A drive shaft (10) rotatable within the housing (4);
A rotating member (21) fixed to the drive shaft (10) and rotating integrally with the drive shaft (10);
A tilting member (24) attached to the drive shaft (10) in a tiltable manner;
Connection for transmitting the rotational torque of the rotating member (21) to the tilting member (24) while connecting the rotating member (21) and the tilting member (24) and allowing the tilting member (24) to tilt. A mechanism (40), and a piston (29) that reciprocates with the rotational movement of the tilting member (24);
With
A thrust receiving surface (62) of the housing (4) and a thrust receiving surface (63) of the rotating member (21) are arranged to face each other with a thrust bearing (20) interposed therebetween,
The clearance between the thrust receiving surface (62) of the housing (4) and the thrust receiving surface (63) of the rotating member (21) is the clearance of the rotating member (21) when the rotating member (21) is stopped . A variable capacity compressor characterized in that the position corresponding to the top dead center (TDC) of the tilting member and the vicinity thereof are minimum. A housing (4);
A drive shaft (10) rotatable within the housing (4);
A rotating member (21) fixed to the driving shaft (10) and rotating integrally with the driving shaft (10);
A tilting member (24) attached to the drive shaft (10) in a tiltable manner;
Connection for transmitting the rotational torque of the rotating member (21) to the tilting member (24) while connecting the rotating member (21) and the tilting member (24) and allowing the tilting member (24) to tilt. A mechanism (40), and a piston (29) that reciprocates with the rotational movement of the tilting member (24);
With
A thrust receiving surface (62) of the housing (4) and a thrust receiving surface (63) of the rotating member (21) are arranged to face each other with a thrust bearing (20) interposed therebetween,
When the rotating member (21) is in a stopped state, the thrust receiving surface (63) of the rotating member (21) has a position corresponding to the top dead center (TDC) of the tilting member and the vicinity thereof than the other parts. (4) The variable capacity compressor characterized by rising to the thrust receiving surface (62) side. A thrust receiving surface manufacturing method used in the variable capacity compressor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drive shaft (10) is fixed to a drive shaft (10) rotatable in a housing (4). A rotating member (21) having a thrust receiving surface (63) that is integrally formed with the driving shaft (10) and is formed by a surface substantially orthogonal to the driving shaft (10);
A piston (29) that reciprocates with a rotational movement of a tilting member (24) that is tiltably mounted on the drive shaft (10);
Connection for transmitting the rotational torque of the rotating member (21) to the tilting member (24) while connecting the rotating member (21) and the tilting member (24) and allowing the tilting member (24) to tilt. A mechanism (40);
With
As an assembly in which the rotating member (21) is press-fitted and fixed to the drive shaft (10), the assembly is supported by a clamp (69), and the drive shaft (67) is driven against the cutting surface (67) of the turning tool (65). The thrust receiving surface (63) of the rotating member (21) is turned with the turning tool (65) while the drive shaft (10) is inclined and supported so that the surface (71) orthogonal to 10) is inclined. A method for producing a thrust receiving surface.

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