JP4635046B2 - 哺乳類の細胞における遺伝子発現を調節するための、二本鎖rnaまたは二本鎖ハイブリッド核酸の送達を増強するための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
哺乳類の細胞における遺伝子発現を調節するための、二本鎖rnaまたは二本鎖ハイブリッド核酸の送達を増強するための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4635046B2 JP4635046B2 JP2007509522A JP2007509522A JP4635046B2 JP 4635046 B2 JP4635046 B2 JP 4635046B2 JP 2007509522 A JP2007509522 A JP 2007509522A JP 2007509522 A JP2007509522 A JP 2007509522A JP 4635046 B2 JP4635046 B2 JP 4635046B2
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Description
本発明は、コレステロール部分と複合体化した二本鎖核酸を提供して、選択された標的細胞または組織内への核酸の送達を促進することによりこれらの必要性を満たし、さらなる目的および利点をも満足させる。特に本発明は、哺乳動物の所望の組織内への二本鎖RNAのトランスフェクションが行われるように、哺乳動物に二本鎖リボ核酸を投与するための方法および組成物に照準を合わせている。ある種の態様において、二本鎖RNAは30またはそれより少ないヌクレオチドを有し、短い干渉RNA(siRNA)である。
1.センス鎖の5’ 末端およびアンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そして他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
2.アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
3.センス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
4.センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
5.センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;および
6.アンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト
は、複合体化したコレステロールを有していないsiRNAと比較して、標的mRNAのサイレンシング効果を増加する。
1.センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
2.アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
3.センス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
4.センス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
5.センス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてセンス鎖の3’ 末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
6.センス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてアンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
7.センス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてアンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
8.センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてセンス鎖の5’ 末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAコンストラクト;
9.センス鎖の5’ 末端の1つのコレステロール部分、センス鎖の3’ 末端の1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端の1つのコレステロール部分、そしてアンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端の1つのコレステロールを有するsiRNAコンストラクト
は、その末端のいずれにも連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAと比較して、標的mRNAのサイレンシングが順次減少することを示した。
本明細書において使用する場合“逆方向反復”という用語は、反復が転写される場合にセンスエレメントおよびアンチセンスエレメントが二本鎖siRNAを形成することができるように位置した、それらエレメントを包含する1つの核酸配列をいう。逆方向反復は所望により、反復の2つのエレメントの間にリンカーまたは非相同な配列、例えば自ら開裂するリボザイムを含んでもよい。逆方向反復のエレメントは、二本鎖RNAを形成するのに十分な長さを有する。典型的には逆方向反復の各エレメントは、約15から約100ヌクレオチド長、好ましくは約20−30塩基のヌクレオチド、好ましくは約20−25ヌクレオチド長、例えば20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、または30ヌクレオチド長である。
“アンチセンスRNA”は、標的遺伝子mRNAに相補的な配列を有し、そして標的遺伝子mRNAとの結合によりRNAiを誘発すると考えられるRNAである。“センスRNA”は、アンチセンスRNAと相補的な、そしてその相補的なアンチセンスRNAとアニーリングしてsiRNAを形成する配列を有する。これらのアンチセンスRNAおよびセンスRNAは、RNA合成機を用いて従来法により合成されている。
1.センス鎖の5’ 末端およびアンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そして他の末端にはコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッドのコンストラクト;
2.アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖またはsiハイブリッド鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッドのコンストラクト;
3.センス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖またはsiハイブリッド鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッドのコンストラクト;
4.センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖またはsiハイブリッド鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッドのコンストラクト;
5.センス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分、アンチセンス鎖の3’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖またはsiハイブリッド鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッドのコンストラクト;および
6.アンチセンス鎖の5’ 末端に連結した1つのコレステロール部分を有し、そしてsiRNA鎖またはsiハイブリッド鎖の他の末端には連結したコレステロール部分を有していないsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッドのコンストラクト、が挙げられる。
(a)凝集阻害剤;
(b)電荷修飾剤;
(c)pHコントロール剤;
(d)分解酵素阻害剤;
(e)粘膜溶解剤または粘膜清浄剤;
(f)ciliostatic agent(繊毛静止剤);
(g)膜透過増強物質であって、(i)界面活性剤、(ii)胆汁酸塩、(iii)リン脂質添加剤、混合ミセル、リポソーム、もしくは担体、(iv)アルコール、(v)エナミン、(vi)NO供与化合物、(vii)長鎖両親媒性分子、(viii)小さな疎水性透過増強物質、(ix)サリチル酸ナトリウムもしくはサリチル酸誘導体、(x)アセト酢酸のグリセロールエステル、(xi)シクロデキストリンもしくはベータ−シクロデキストリン誘導体、(xii)中鎖脂肪酸、(xiii)キレート剤、(xiv)アミノ酸もしくはその塩、(xv)N−アセチルアミノ酸もしくはその塩、(xvi)選択された膜成分の分解酵素(enzyme degradative to a selected membrane component)、(xvii)脂肪酸合成の阻害剤、または(xviii)コレステロール合成の阻害薬;あるいは(xix)(g)(i)−(xix)に列挙した膜透過増強物質のあらゆる組み合わせ、より選択されるもの;
(h)送達増強ペプチド;
(i)血管拡張剤;
(j)選択的輸送増強物質;および
(k)送達を安定化するビヒクル、担体、支持体、またはコレステロール複合体化したsiRNAもしくはsiハイブリッドを共に効率的に組み合わせ、会合し、含有し、カプセル化し、または結合して、増強された送達のためのsiRNAもしくはsiハイブリッドの安定化をもたらすコンプレックスを形成する種、が挙げられる。
(a)凝集阻害剤;
(b)電荷修飾剤;
(c)pHコントロール剤;
(d)分解酵素阻害剤;
(e)粘膜溶解剤または粘膜清浄剤;
(f)ciliostatic agent;
(g)以下より選択される膜透過増強物質、すなわち(i)界面活性剤、(ii)胆汁酸塩、(iii)リン脂質添加剤、混合ミセル、リポソーム、もしくは担体、(iv)アルコール、(v)エナミン、(vi)NO供与化合物、(vii)長鎖両親媒性分子、(viii)小さな疎水性透過増強物質、(ix)サリチル酸ナトリウムもしくはサリチル酸誘導体、(x)アセト酢酸のグリセロールエステル、(xi)シクロデキストリンもしくはベータ−シクロデキストリン誘導体、(xii)中鎖脂肪酸、(xiii)キレート剤、(xiv)アミノ酸もしくはその塩、(xv)N−アセチルアミノ酸もしくはその塩、(xvi)選択された膜成分の分解酵素、(xvii)脂肪酸合成の阻害剤、または(xviii)コレステロール合成の阻害薬;あるいは(xix)(g)(i)−(xix)に列挙した膜透過増強物質のあらゆる組み合わせ;
(h)送達増強ペプチド;
(i)血管拡張剤;
(j)選択的輸送増強物質;および
(k)送達を安定化するビヒクル、担体、支持体、またはコレステロール複合体化したsiRNAもしくはsiハイブリッドを効率的に組み合わせ、会合し、含有し、カプセル化し、もしくは結合して、増強された送達のためのsiRNAもしくはsiハイブリッドの安定化をもたらすコンプレックスを形成する種、が挙げられる。コレステロール複合体化したsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッド、および第2の送達増強物質(1つまたは複数)との組み合わせ投与は、標的細胞の細胞質内へのコレステロール複合体化したsiRNAまたはsiハイブリッドの増加した取り込み、典型的には遺伝子制御の増強(例えばmRNAの翻訳のノックダウンを増加し、それにより標的細胞内の1つまたはそれより多くの選択されたタンパク質(1つまたは複数)、例えばTNF−αの発現を低減する)を提供する。
コレステリル標識siRNAの合成および精製
(未修飾siRNAの合成)
未修飾siRNAは、固相オリゴヌクレオチド合成に関する一般的な方法に従って合成した。合成は3’ から5’ の方向に進めた[current protocols in nucleic acid chemistry, chapter 3]。最初のステップは、モノヌクレオシド/モノヌクレオチドを、不溶性固体支持体の表面に共有結合により付着させることを伴う。本明細書において記載するすべての未修飾siRNAは、CPG−結合デオキシチミジン(Glen Research, Sterling VAより購入)を用いて開始して合成した。チミジンヌクレオシドは、塩基に不安定なリンカーを用いて3’ ヒドロキシル基を通して固体支持体に共有結合により付着されている。ヌクレオシドの末端保護基(ジメトキシトリチル、DMT)をはずした後、DNA鎖の伸長を進めることができるようになる。この脱保護で、次のヌクレオチドユニットが付加することのできるフリーの5’−OH基を暴露させる。過剰の試薬を使用して、できるだけ多くの固定したヌクレオチド上でカップリング反応を起こさせる。カップリング反応後、過剰の試薬を洗い流す。続いて非延長部位を防御するためのキャッピングステップ、および酸化ステップの反応を行う。その後末端保護基の除去および鎖の延長のプロセスを、異なる塩基を用いて所望の配列が組み立てられるまで繰り返す。一部またはすべての保護基は所望によりはずしてよく、その後支持体との共有結合を加水分解して生成物を放出させる。保護基の除去は、濃縮アンモニア:エタノールの3:1の混合液にて行った。いかなる残存する保護基も除去した後、オリゴヌクレオチドは精製および使用の準備が整う。
3’−コレステリル標識siRNAの合成は、修飾した支持体の方法を用いて行った。この方法において、新規に修飾した固相合成支持体を、ach3'−レポーター基または複合体用に調製しなければならない。オリゴヌクレオチドの3' 末端にコレステリル基を付着するものに関する固相支持体は、市販により入手できる。3’−コレステリル標識オリゴヌクレオチドの合成は、1−ジメトキシトリチルオキシ−3−O−(N−コレステリル−3−アミノプロピル)−トリエチレングリコール−グリセリル−2−O−スクシノイル−長鎖アルキルアミノ−CPG (VII、Glen Research, Sterling VA)を用いて達成した。次にデザインした21ヌクレオチド配列を、この修飾した固体支持体上で、本明細書において上に記載したようなRNA合成に関する標準的なホスホラミダイトのプロトコルを用いて組み立てた。
固体支持体に固定された5’ 末端にフリーのヒドロキシ基を有する保護されたオリゴヌクレオチドは、本明細書において上に記載したいずれかの方法を用いての固相合成により容易に得てよい。その後5’ 末端のヒドロキシルをホスホラミダイトを用いて反応させることができる。ヒドロキシルの官能性を有する分子からしばしば得られるホスホラミダイトは、酸化および脱保護の後、官能基またはリガンドを鎖に直接導入することを可能にする。siRNA分子の5’ 末端に組み込まれたコレステリル基のため、ジメトキシトリチルオキシ−3−O−(N−コレステリル−3−アミノプロピル)−トリエチレングリコール−グリセリル−2−O−(2−シアノエチル)−(N,N,−ジイソプロピル)−ホスホラミダイト(VIII)をGlen Research (Sterling, VA)より購入した。最後のヌクレオシド/ヌクレオチドが組み込まれた後、siRNAの固体支持体合成の間に、5’−ジメトキシトリチル保護基を開裂し、延長された鎖にVIIIをカップリングさせた。
3’ および5’−ジコレステリル標識siRNAの合成は、上に記載した方法を組み合わせて達成した。そのような分子の合成は、“修飾した固体支持体”としてVIIを用いて開始し、伸長および5’−コレステリル部分の組み込みは、上に記載したように行った。
コレステロールにより増強されたsiRNAの取り込み、およびベータ−ガラクトシダーゼmRNAの発現のサイレンシング
(9L/LacZ細胞のトランスフェクション:)
第0日:
a)T75フラスコから飽和9L/LacZ培養液を取り、10ml 完全培地(DMEM、1xPS、1xピルビン酸ナトリウム、1xNEAA)中で細胞を引き離し、希釈する。
a)Opti−MEM中のトランスフェクション混合液(complex)、各ウェル50μlを調製する。
[細胞の溶菌]
a)培地を一度に捨て、200μl PBSで一度洗浄し、逆さにしてプレートが乾くように吸わせる。
a)アッセイ混合液(50μl 1xバッファー、17μl ONPG、各ウェル)を調製する
b)新しいプレートを取り、各ウェルに65μl アッセイ混合液を加える。
a)BSAスタンダード(1ウェル当り150μl)を調製する。各々のポイントは各プレート上でダブルで測定しなければならない。
a)トランスフェクション後、少なくとも3時間細胞をインキュベーションする。
(siRNAのコレステロール複合)
9L/ベータ−gal細胞においてリポフェクタミン(Invitrogen)を用いて、基準のsiRNAまたはコレステロール複合体化siRNAのいずれかにて、トランスフェクションを行った。siRNAは、ベータ−ガラクトシダーゼmRNAを特異的にノックダウンするようにデザインしたものであり、活性はコントロール(リポフェクタミンのみによりトランスフェクションした細胞)からのベータ−gal活性のパーセントとして表す。
A.基準のセンス鎖またはアンチセンス鎖
B.5’ 末端を標識したセンス鎖
C.3’ 末端を標識したセンス鎖
D.両末端を標識したセンス鎖
E.5’ 末端を標識したアンチセンス鎖
F.3’ 末端を標識したアンチセンス鎖
G.両末端を標識したアンチセンス鎖
コレステロールにより増強されたsiRNAの取り込みの血清による阻害、および付加的な送達増強物質によるコレステロールによる取り込みの増強の救済
(ヒト単球の単離および精製)
健康なドナー由来のヒト鮮血をGolden West Biologicals (Temecula, CA)より購入した。単球を単離するため、血液サンプルを受け取った後直ちにPBSで1:1の比率で希釈した。末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)をFicoll (Amersham, CA, USA)勾配により最初に全血から単離した。次にMiltenyi CD14ポジティブ選択キット(MILTENYI BIOTEC GmbH, Germany)を用いて製造元の説明書に従って、PBMCからさらに単球を精製した。単球の純度は、抗CD14抗体 (BD Biosciences, CA)を用いて染色したフローサイトメトリーにより判定したところ、95%より高かった。誘発およびノックダウンのアッセイの前に、精製ヒト単球を完全培地中で一晩維持した。
蛍光抗体法(Fluorescsncs activated cell sorting、FACS)分析は、Beckman Coulter FC500 細胞分析装置(Fullerton, CA)を用いて行った。この装置を、使用する蛍光プローブ(siRNAについてはFAMまたはCy5、そしてCD14についてはFITCおよびPE)に従って調整した。ヨウ化プロピジウム(Fluka, St Lois, MO)およびアネキシンV(R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN)を、細胞の生存度および細胞毒性に関する指示薬として使用した。
Claims (6)
- 配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含むペプチド。
- アミド基、BrAc基、及びマレイミド基からなる群から選択される一つ又はそれ以上のアミノ末端及び/又はカルボキシ末端の化学的修飾により修飾されたペプチドである、請求項1のペプチド。
- 配列番号11のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、若しくはその化学的に修飾された誘導体であって該化学的修飾はアミノ末端及び/又はカルボキシ末端のアミド基、BrAc基、またはマレイミド基である誘導体、並びに核酸を含む、核酸の細胞内への送達を増強するために使用される組成物。
- 核酸が二本鎖の核酸である、請求項3の組成物。
- 核酸がRNA及び/又はDNAを含む、請求項3の組成物。
- ペプチドが、核酸と共に配合されている、又は核酸に結合している、請求項3の組成物。
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CA2564616C (en) | 2016-08-30 |
US20160206749A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
EP2145957B1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
WO2006019430B1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
US20080261304A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
EP2145957A1 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
HK1136848A1 (en) | 2010-07-09 |
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