JP4611490B2 - Video stereo microscope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a video stereoscopic microscope that magnifies an observation object and takes a video as a stereoscopic image, and in particular, forms a subject image once at the field stop position, and re-images the subject image on the imaging surface together with the field stop image. The present invention relates to a video type stereoscopic microscope to be imaged.
[0002]
[Prior art]
This type of video stereo microscope is used for treating fine tissues such as neurosurgery.
[0003]
That is, an organ composed of a fine tissue such as the brain has a difficulty in distinguishing the structural tissue with the naked eye, and thus such an organ must be treated under a microscope. In addition, since it is impossible to recognize the three-dimensional structure of a tissue with a monocular microscope, a binocular microscope is used for such a procedure in order to enable accurate treatment by observing the tissue three-dimensionally. It was done.
[0004]
By the way, with a binocular optical microscope that has been used in the past, an operator in charge of surgery (in some cases, an assistant thereof) can view a microscopic image, but other persons (eg, anesthesiologists, nurses, (Residents, advisors at remote locations) could not see the same microscopic image, so they could not perform quick and accurate assignment work or provide accurate advice from remote locations. Therefore, in recent years, instead of a binocular optical microscope, a video stereoscopic microscope has been proposed in which left and right subject images are captured by a binocular microscope and used for stereoscopic observation on a plurality of monitors.
[0005]
For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2607828, the optical axes of the left and right objective optical systems of a binocular microscope are arranged side by side on the imaging surface of the same imaging device by a large number of lenses and prisms, and the left and right subjects are on this imaging surface. A video stereo microscope is described in which images are arranged side by side.
[0006]
However, although this publication does not describe the structure of the video stereo microscope in detail, the left and right subject images are efficiently arranged on the imaging surface with a limited aspect ratio, and the left and right subject images do not overlap each other. In order to achieve this, a boundary line that divides the imaging region of the left and right subject images on the imaging surface is defined, and once formed in the air by the left and right objective optical systems, the aerial image is defined on the imaging surface. It is conceivable that the portion that protrudes the boundary line is shielded by a field stop 400 as shown in FIG. 28, and the remaining portion is re-imaged in the respective imaging regions of the imaging surface by a relay lens.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of adopting such a configuration, after the image formation position of the subject image (primary image) by the objective lens is matched with the position in the optical axis direction of the field stop 400, the primary image is regenerated as a secondary image on the imaging surface. It is necessary to focus the relay lens so that an image is formed. In addition, when the relay lens is also used as a magnifying optical system, it is necessary to adjust the magnification of the relay lens so that it matches on the left and right.
[0008]
In this case, if the focus is simply adjusted, it is possible to adjust the focus based on the contrast level of the image of the outer edge (knife edge) of the field stop 400.
[0009]
However, since the outer edge image of the field stop 400 does not appear to be affected by the magnification, it is impossible to adjust the magnification of the relay lens based on the outer edge image.
[0010]
The present invention has been made on the basis of recognition of such problems, and the subject thereof is commonly used for focus adjustment and magnification adjustment of a relay optical system in a video stereo microscope incorporating the relay optical system. The present invention provides a configuration in which information can be included in an image by an imaging device, and thereby focus adjustment and magnification adjustment of a relay optical system can be easily performed.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a video stereoscopic microscope according to the present invention is divided into two in the direction of the baseline length on the imaging surface of the imaging apparatus by a pair of imaging optical systems arranged with a predetermined baseline length. Each of the imaging optical systems forms a primary image of the optical system observation object, each of which forms an image of the same object in a corresponding one of the two areas and simultaneously captures images with the imaging device. An objective optical system, a relay optical system that relays a primary image formed by the objective optical system and re-images it as a secondary image, and self-photographing optics on the imaging surface by shifting the optical axis of the relay optical system An optical axis distance reducing element that leads to a region corresponding to the system, and the imaging surface with respect to the relay optical system when arranged at a predetermined position in a plane on which the primary image is formed by the objective optical system. A field stop for shielding a portion conjugate with a region corresponding to another imaging optical system, and the field stop at a position conjugate with the outside of the imaging surface with respect to the relay optical system when the field stop is disposed at the predetermined position. The marking formed on the field stop and the field stop in the plane, the predetermined position and the marking are therelayAnd a moving mechanism for moving the optical system between a position conjugate with the imaging surface.
[0012]
When configured in this way, when the field stop is moved to a predetermined position by the moving mechanism, the image of the observation object by the objective optical system of each photographing optical system arranged via the predetermined baseline length is once The primary image is formed on the same plane as the field stop. Of the primary image, with respect to the relay optical system of the photographing optical system, a portion conjugate with the region corresponding to the other photographing optical system on the image pickup surface of the image pickup apparatus is shielded by the field stop. Therefore, the part of the primary image that is not shielded by the field stop isOptical distance reduction optical systemIs relayed by the relay optical system on the optical axis shifted by, and imaged in an area corresponding to the self-photographing optical system on the imaging surface. Accordingly, secondary images of the same observation object by the respective photographing optical systems are formed side by side on the same imaging surface without overlapping each other. At this time, an image of the marking is also formed by the relay optical system, but the imaging position is out of the imaging surface, so that it is not captured. On the other hand, when the field stop is moved to a position where the marking is conjugate to the imaging surface with respect to the optical system by the moving mechanism, an image of the marking is captured on the imaging surface by the relay optical system. Is done. In this way, if marking images of each photographic optical system are formed on the imaging surface, and the magnification of the relay optical system of each photographic optical system is adjusted so that the sizes of the images of each marking are equal to each other, both It becomes possible to match the magnification of the photographing optical system. It is also possible to adjust the focus of each relay optical system based on the blurring state of each marking image. After adjusting the magnification and focus of the relay optical systems of both imaging optical systems in this way, the size of both secondary images formed on the imaging surface can be obtained by returning the field stop of each imaging optical system to a predetermined position by the moving mechanism. Therefore, accurate stereoscopic observation becomes possible.
[0013]
In the present invention, since the marking only needs to be provided on the field stop, it may be formed as a transmission type or a reflection type. In the former case, it may be a circular hole or a square hole formed in the field stop, or a slit. In the latter case, it may be a print, stamp or seal formed on the field stop. In the latter case, means for illuminating this marking is required.
[0014]
Moreover, since it is necessary for the marking to be able to understand the enlargement ratio, the size range is limited or it is necessary to have a scale such as a scale of a ruler. In the latter case, if the scales of the markings in the secondary image match, the magnifications of the two imaging optical systems can be increased regardless of whether or not the overall size of the markings match each other.MatchIt can be judged that On the other hand, in the former case, it is desirable that the overall size of the markings match each other, or that the ratio be a simple ratio such as 1: 2.
[0015]
The moving mechanism is sufficient if it can move at least the field stop between two positions. Therefore, the field stop may be moved linearly, or the field stop may be rotated. good. Alternatively, a mechanism that combines a mechanism that rotates the field stop and a mechanism that moves the field stop straight may be used.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
Embodiment 1
The video type stereoscopic microscope (hereinafter simply referred to as “stereoscopic microscope”) according to the first embodiment described below is used by being incorporated in a surgical support system used in, for example, neurosurgery. This surgery support system combines a stereoscopic image (stereo image) obtained by taking a video of a patient's tissue with a stereoscopic microscope with a CG (computer graphic) image created based on previously obtained data of the affected area. This is a system for displaying on a stereoscopic viewer dedicated to the surgeon, a monitor for other staff, etc., and recording on a recording device.
(Overall configuration of surgery support system)
FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing an outline of this surgery support system. As shown in FIG. 1, the surgical operation support system includes a stereo microscope 101, a high-definition CCD camera 102 attached near the upper end of the rear surface of the stereo microscope 101, and a microscope position measuring device 103 also attached near the lower end. A counterweight 104 attached to the upper surface of the stereoscopic microscope 101, a light guide fiber 105 that passes through a through hole formed in the counterweight 104 and is conducted to the inside of the stereoscopic microscope 101, and the light guide fiber 105 A light source device 106 that introduces illumination light into the stereo microscope 101, a surgical planning computer 108 having a disk device 107, a microscope position measuring device 103 and a real-time CG creation device 109 connected to the surgical planning computer 108, and Real-time CG An image composition device 110 connected to the image forming device 109 and the high-definition CCD camera 102, a distributor 111 connected to the image composition device 110, a recording device 115 connected to the distributor 111, a monitor 114, and a stereoscopic viewer. 113 and the like.
[0018]
The disk device 107 described above stores images (CT scan images, MRI images, SPECT images, angiographic images, etc.) obtained by imaging the affected area of the patient P in advance with various imaging devices. In addition, three-dimensional data of an affected area and surrounding tissue created in advance based on these various images is stored. Note that the three-dimensional data includes the shape, size, and size of the affected area and the surrounding tissue on the three-dimensional local coordinates defined with the reference point (marking etc.) set at the specific part of the patient's outer skin or internal tissue as the origin. The position is data specifying the vector format or the map format.
[0019]
In addition, the above-described stereoscopic microscope 101 is detachably fixed to the tip of the free arm 100a of the first stand 100 via a mount attached to the back surface thereof. Therefore, the stereomicroscope 101 is movable and can be directed in an arbitrary direction within a radius that the tip of the free arm 100a of the first stand 100 can reach. However, here, for the sake of convenience, the direction of the subject with respect to the stereoscopic microscope 101 is defined as “down”, and the opposite direction is defined as “up”.
[0020]
The optical configuration in the stereo microscope 101 will be described in detail later. The schematic configuration will be described later. As shown in FIG. 2, the observation object is a large-diameter close-up optical system having a single optical axis. 210 and an objective optical system including a pair of left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 230 for converging light transmitted through different portions in the close-up optical system 210, respectively, at the positions of the left and right field stops 270 and 271 respectively. Formed as a primary image. These left and right primary images are relayed by a pair of left and right relay optical systems 240 and 250 and introduced into the high-definition CCD camera 102 as an image pickup apparatus having an image pickup surface of a high-vision size (vertical / horizontal aspect ratio = 9: 16). The image is re-imaged as a secondary image in each of the left and right imaging regions (vertical / horizontal aspect ratio = 9: 8) in the CCD 116. In this optical system, the close-up optical system 210, one zoom optical system 220, and one relay optical system 240 constitute one photographing optical system, and the close-up optical system 210, the other zoom optical system 230, and the other relay optical system. The system 250 forms the other photographic optical system, and also forms a pair of photographic optical systems arranged with a predetermined baseline length therebetween.
[0021]
The images formed in the left and right imaging regions (two regions divided in the direction of the baseline length on the imaging surface) on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 by such a pair of imaging optical systems are separated by a predetermined baseline length. This is equivalent to a stereo image in which images taken from two locations are arranged side by side. The output signal of the CCD 116 is generated as a high-definition signal by the image processor 117 and output from the high-definition CCD camera 102 to the image composition device 110.
[0022]
In this stereoscopic microscope 101, an illumination optical system 300 (see FIG. 6) for illuminating an observation object existing in the vicinity of the focal position of the close-up optical system 210 is incorporated. And this illumination optical system300The illumination light is introduced from the light source device 106 through the light guide fiber bundle 105.
[0023]
Returning to FIG. 1, the microscope position measuring apparatus 103 attached to the stereoscopic microscope 101 is a three-dimensional view of the distance to the observation target existing on the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210 and the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210. The orientation and the position of the reference point are measured, and the position of the observation object in the local coordinates is calculated based on the measured information. Then, the information on the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation object is notified to the real-time CG creation device 109.
[0024]
The real-time CG creation device 109 determines the optical axis based on the information on the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation object notified from the microscope position measurement device 103 and the three-dimensional data downloaded from the computer 108 for surgery planning. A CG image (for example, a wire frame image) equivalent to a stereoscopic view of the affected part (for example, a tumor) is generated in real time from the direction. This CG image is generated as a stereoscopic image (stereo image) with the same baseline length and the same subject distance as the optical system in the stereoscopic microscope 101. Then, the real-time CG creation device 109 inputs a CG image signal indicating the CG image generated in this way to the image composition device 110 as needed.
[0025]
This image composition device 110 superimposes the CG image signal obtained from the real-time CG creation device 109 on the high-vision signal of the actual observation object input from the high-definition CCD camera 102 by adjusting the scale. In the image shown by the high-definition signal on which the superimposition of the CG image signal is performed, the shape, size and position of the affected area in the image obtained by actual photographing are represented as a CG image such as a wire frame. It is shown. This superimposed high-definition signal is distributed by the distributor 111 to the stereoscopic viewer 113 for the main operator D, the monitor 114 for other surgical staff or the advisor at a remote location, and the recording device 115. Supplied respectively.
[0026]
The stereoscopic viewer 113 is attached so as to hang from the tip of the free arm 112 a of the second stand 112. Therefore, it is possible to arrange the stereoscopic viewer 113 in accordance with the posture in which the main operator D can easily perform treatment. A schematic configuration of the stereoscopic viewer 113 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the stereoscopic viewer 113 includes a high-definition LCD panel 120 as a monitor. When an image based on the high-definition signal from the distributor is displayed on the LCD panel 120, the left half 120b of the LCD panel 120 is photographed in the left imaging area of the CCD 116 as shown in the plan view of FIG. In the right half 120a, an image shot in the right shooting area of the CCD 116 is displayed. These left and right video boundary lines 120c are shifted or tilted depending on the position adjustment of field stops 270 and 271 described later. The optical path in the stereoscopic viewer 113 is a field stop.270,271Is divided into left and right by a partition wall 121 installed perpendicular to the boundary line 120c when it is accurately adjusted. On both sides of the partition wall 121, a wedge prism 119 and an eyepiece lens 118 are arranged in this order from the LCD panel 120 side. The eyepiece 118 is a lens that enlarges and forms a virtual image of an image displayed on the LCD panel 120 at a position of about 1 m (−1 diopter) in front of the observation eye I. In addition, the wedge prism 119 corrects the light traveling direction so that the convergence angle of the observation eye I is the same as that for observing an object existing 1 m ahead, thereby enabling natural stereoscopic observation.
[0027]
In the video stereoscopically viewed by the stereoscopic viewer 113 or the video displayed on the monitor 114, as described above, the tumor or the like detected based on the images captured in advance by various imaging devices. A CG such as a wire frame indicating the shape, size and position of the affected area is superimposed. Therefore, the main operator D or other surgical staff who observes these can easily identify the affected part that is difficult to identify in the actual video. As a result, an accurate and quick treatment is possible.
(Configuration of stereo microscope)
Next, a specific configuration of the above-described stereoscopic microscope 101 (including the high-definition CCD camera 102) will be described in detail. As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 5, the stereoscopic microscope 101 has a substantially prismatic shape in which the back surface to which the high-definition CCD camera 102 is attached is flat, and both side edges of the surface (the opposite side surface of the back surface) are chamfered. Have. A recess 101a having a circular opening is formed at the center of the upper surface. In the center of the recess 101a, an insertion port (not shown) is formed through which a guide pipe 122, which is a cylindrical member with the tip of the light guide fiber bundle 105 inserted and fixed, is inserted. An annular member (fiber guide insertion portion) 123 attached to the opening of the insertion port is a chuck that fixes the guide pipe 122 inserted into the insertion port.
<Optical configuration>
Next, the optical configuration in the stereoscopic microscope 101 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the microscope optical system, FIG. 7 is a side view, FIG. 8 is a front view, and FIG. 9 is a plan view.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 6, the microscope optical system includes an imaging optical system (a pair of left and right imaging optical systems) 200 that electronically captures an image of a subject, and illumination light guided from a light source device 106 by a light guide fiber bundle 105. And an illumination optical system 300 that illuminates the subject.
[0029]
The imaging optical system (a pair of left and right imaging optical systems) 200 as a whole is an objective constituted by one close-up optical system 210 shared by the left and right and a pair of left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 230 as described above. An optical system, a pair of left and right relay optical systems 240 and 250 that relay a primary image of a subject formed by the objective optical system to form a secondary image of the subject, and subjects from these relay optical systems 240 and 250 And a converging prism 260 as an optical axis distance reducing element that brings light close to each other.
[0030]
In addition, field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the primary image formation positions by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively. The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have a pentaprism as an optical path deflecting element that deflects the optical path at a right angle. 272 and 273 are respectively arranged.
[0031]
With such a configuration, left and right subject images having a predetermined parallax can be formed in two adjacent areas on the CCD 116 disposed in the CCD camera 102. In the description of the optical system, “left and right” are directions that coincide with the longitudinal direction of the imaging surface when projected onto the CCD 116, and “up and down” is a direction orthogonal to the left and right directions on the CCD 116. Hereinafter, the configuration of each optical system will be described in order.
[0032]
As shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, the close-up optical system 210 is configured by arranging a negative first lens 211 and a positive second lens 212 in order from the object side. The second lens 212 can move in the optical axis direction, and can focus on subjects at different distances by adjusting the movement.
[0033]
That is, the close-up optical system 210 is adjusted so that the subject is positioned at the focal position, and has a collimating function for converting divergent light from the subject into substantially parallel light.
[0034]
The first and second lenses 211 and 212 of the close-up optical system 210 have a substantially semicircular shape in which the planar shape viewed from the optical axis direction is D-cut, and the illumination optical system 300 is formed in the cut portion. Has been placed.
[0035]
The pair of zoom optical systems 220 and 230 forms the infinitely focused subject light from the close-up optical system 210 at the positions of the field stops 270 and 271, respectively.
[0036]
As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, one zoom optical system 220 includes first to fourth lens groups 221, 222, 222 having positive, negative, negative, and positive powers in order from the close-up optical system 210 side. The first and fourth lens groups 221 and 224 are fixed, and the second and third lens groups 222 and 223 are moved in the optical axis direction to perform zooming. The magnification is mainly changed by the movement of the second lens group 222, and the focal position is kept constant by the movement of the third lens group 223.
[0037]
The other zoom optical system 230 has the same configuration as the zoom optical system 220 described above, and includes first to fourth lens groups 231, 232, 233, and 234. These zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are interlocked by a driving mechanism (not shown), and can change the imaging magnification of the left and right images simultaneously.
[0038]
The optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are parallel to the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210, and a plane including the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 is A plane parallel to the plane and including the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210 is separated by Δ on the opposite side of the D-cut portion.
[0039]
The diameter of the close-up optical system 210 is set to be larger than the diameter of a circle containing the maximum effective diameter of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 and the maximum effective diameter of the illumination optical system 300. As described above, by setting the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 at positions farther from the D-cut portion than the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210, the illumination optical system 300 is also close-up optical. system210Can be accommodated within the diameter occupied by, and the whole can be made compact.
[0040]
The field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the positions of primary images formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230. As shown in FIG. 6, the field stops 270 and 271 have a circular outer shape and semicircular openings on the inner sides in the left-right direction. Each of the field stops 270 and 271 is arranged such that the linear edge of the opening coincides with a direction corresponding to the boundary line of the left and right images on the CCD 116 and transmits only the light beam on the inner side.
[0041]
As described above, in the microscope according to the embodiment, the left and right secondary images are formed in adjacent regions on the single CCD 116. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the boundary between the left and right images on the CCD 116 to prevent the images from overlapping. is there. For this reason, field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the position of the primary image. By making the straight edge of the semicircular opening function as a so-called knife edge and transmitting only the inner light beam, the boundary between the left and right images on the CCD 116 can be made clear.
[0042]
The field stop270,271The primary image formed above is re-imaged by the relay optical systems 240 and 250 to become a secondary image, and the primary image and the secondary image are inverted vertically and horizontally. Therefore, the knife edge that defines the outer side in the left-right direction at the position of the primary image defines the inner side in the left-right direction, that is, the boundary between the left and right images at the position of the secondary image.
[0043]
The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have a function of re-imaging the primary image formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 as described above, and both are constituted by three positive lens groups.
[0044]
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, one relay optical system 240 includes a first lens group 241 composed of a single positive meniscus lens, a second lens group 242 having a positive power as a whole, The third lens group 243 includes one biconvex lens. Among these, the first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242 make the object-side focal point as a whole constant on the image plane of the primary image by the zoom optical system 220 (the same plane as the field stop 271). The third lens group 243 converges the parallel light emitted from the second lens group 242 on the imaging surface of the CCD 116. A pentaprism 272 that deflects the optical path at a right angle is disposed between the first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242, and the light amount adjustment is performed between the second lens group 242 and the third lens group 243. A brightness stop 244 is provided.
[0045]
The other relay optical system 250 has the same configuration as the relay optical system 240 described above, and includes first, second, and third lens groups 251, 252, and 253, and the first lens group 251 and the second lens group 252. A pentaprism 273 is disposed between the second lens group 252 and the third lens group 253, and an aperture stop 254 is provided between the second lens group 252 and the third lens group 253.
[0046]
The divergent light that has passed through the field stops 270 and 271 is converted into substantially parallel light again by the first lens group 241 and 251 and the second lens group 242 and 252 of the relay optical system, and after passing through the brightness stops 244 and 254. Then, the second lens group 243, 253 forms an image again to form a secondary image.
[0047]
By disposing the pentaprisms 272 and 273 in the relay optical systems 240 and 250, the overall length of the photographing optical system 200 along the optical axis direction of the close-up optical system 210 can be shortened.
[0048]
In the relay optical systems 240 and 250, the second lenses 242 and 252 and the third lenses 243 and 253 are adjustable in the optical axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. By moving these second and third lens groups 242, 252, 243, and 253 in the optical axis direction and changing the combined focal length of the first lens groups 241 and 251 and the second lens groups 242 and 252, the relay The magnification (image height of the secondary image) of the entire optical system 240, 250 can be adjusted. Further, by moving only the third lens groups 243 and 253 in the optical axis direction, the back focus of the relay optical system is changed, and the focus adjustment with respect to the CCD 116 becomes possible. Further, the second lens group 242, 252 and the third lens group 243, 253 are integrated and adjusted in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, thereby adjusting the position of the secondary image in the plane orthogonal to the optical axis. be able to. For such adjustment, the second lens groups 242 and 252 and the third lens groups 243 and 253 are held by an integral outer barrel (the second lens frame 32 and the third lens mounting frame 34), and the third lens. The groups 243 and 253 are further held by an inner barrel (third lens frame 35) that can move in the optical axis direction with respect to the barrel.
[0049]
As described above, the second lens group 242 and 252 and the third lens group 243 and 253 move for adjustment. Therefore, if the pentaprisms 272 and 273 are provided between these lens groups, the adjustment mechanism becomes complicated. Therefore, the pentaprisms 272 and 273 are preferably provided between the field stops 270 and 271 and the second lens groups 242 and 252. Further, since the degree of divergence of subject light is weakened by the first lens groups 241 and 251, in order to reduce the effective diameter of the pentaprism, the pentaprisms 272 and 273 are replaced with the first lens groups 241 and 251 as in the embodiment. And the second lens groups 242 and 252 are desirably provided.
[0050]
The convergence prism 260 disposed between the relay optical systems 240 and 250 and the CCD camera 102 has a function of narrowing the left and right intervals of the subject light from the respective relay optical systems 240 and 250. In order to obtain a stereoscopic effect by stereoscopic viewing, a predetermined baseline length is required between the left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 230 and the relay optical systems 240 and 250. On the other hand, in order to form a secondary image in an adjacent region on the CCD 116, it is necessary to make the distance between the optical axes smaller than the base line length. Therefore, the convergence prism 260 is used to shift the optical axis of the relay optical system to the inside, thereby enabling image formation on the same CCD while ensuring a predetermined baseline length.
[0051]
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 9, the convergence gathering prism 260 is configured by arranging pentagonal prism symmetric optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 facing each other with a gap of about 0.1 mm. .
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 9, the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 include an incident end face and an exit end face that are parallel to each other, and first and second reflecting surfaces that are parallel to each other on the inner side and the outer side. Further, these optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 are lines in which one of the acute apex angles of the parallelogram is orthogonal to the exit end face when viewed in a plane perpendicular to the entrance and exit end faces and the reflecting face. It is a pentagonal shape formed by cutting out.
[0053]
Subject light from the relay optical systems 240 and 250 is incident from the incident end faces of the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262, reflected by the outer reflecting surface, directed inward in the left-right direction, and incident again by the inner reflecting surface. The light is reflected in the same optical axis direction as the time, exits from the exit end face, and enters the CCD camera 102. As a result, the left and right subject lights are narrowed only in the left and right intervals without changing their traveling directions, and form a secondary image on the same CCD 116.
[0054]
The illumination optical system 300 has a function of projecting illumination light onto a subject, and as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an illumination lens 310 that adjusts the degree of divergence of diverging light emitted from the light guide fiber bundle 105, and illumination It is composed of a wedge prism 320 for matching the range and the photographing range. As shown in FIG. 7, the optical axis Ax4 of the illumination lens 310 is parallel to the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210 and decentered by a predetermined amount, so that the center of the illumination range and the center of the photographing range remain unchanged. Do not match, and the amount of illumination light is wasted. By providing the wedge prism 310, the above-described mismatch can be solved and the amount of illumination light can be used effectively.
<Optical system holding mechanism>
Next, a mechanical configuration of a mechanism that holds the optical systems after the field stops 270 and 271 in the above-described photographing optical system will be described. As shown in FIG. 10, the above-described pair of left and right field stops 270 and 271 and the relay optical systems 240 and 250 including the pentaprisms 272 and 273 and the brightness stops 244 and 254 are integrated in advance as a unit (relay unit). After being assembled as 1), it is attached inside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101.
[0055]
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a state in which the relay unit 1 is looked down obliquely from the upper front, and FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a state in which the relay unit 1 is looked up from the obliquely lower front. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the relay unit 1 is attached to the reference frame 2 fixed inside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101, with a pair of left and right field stop holders 3 and 4, and a front lens barrel 5 respectively. , 6, pentaprisms 272, 273, and rear barrels 7, 8 are assembled. Hereinafter, description of each of these parts constituting the relay unit 1 will be made in order.
[0056]
First, in the reference frame 2, the first lens group has a substantially L-shaped cross section on the surface including the optical axis Ax2 (Ax3) before and after the pentaprism 272 (273) in the relay optical system 240 (250). A plate-like pentabase portion 21 orthogonal to the optical axis of 241 (251) and a mount portion 22 rising vertically from the rear end of the pentabase portion 21 (the edge on the second lens group 242 (252) side) are integrated. It has a generalized shape.
[0057]
A rear end surface (surface on the second lens group 242 (252) side) 22a of the mount portion 22 is a rectangular flat surface as shown in FIG. 13 which is a perspective view of only the reference frame 2 viewed from the rear end surface side. A reference surface (not shown) formed inside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101 so as to be accurately parallel to a plane including both optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of both zoom optical systems 220 and 230. It is applied to the surface and positioned. Accordingly, the rear end surface 22a serves as a reference for all processing in the relay unit 1 and is hereinafter referred to as a “processing reference surface 22a”.
[0058]
The processing reference surface 22a passes through the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 bent at right angles by the prisms 272 and 273 when the relay unit 1 is fixed to the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101. Through holes 22b and 22b having a circular cross section centered on the passing position of Ax3 are opened so as to be symmetrical. And the periphery of the opening of each through hole 22b on the processing reference surface 22a side is coaxial with the through hole 22b and has an inner diameter about three times that of the through hole 22b in order to fix the rear barrels 7 and 8. It is processed as. Each of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 passes through a position deviated slightly from the center in the vertical direction on the processing reference surface 22a to the lower end side. To the bottom surface of the part 21)ConditionOpen to
[0059]
Further, screw fixing fixing screw holes 22d of decenter adjustment rings 30 (see FIGS. 20 and 21) of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 to be described later are provided around the receiving seats 22c on the processing reference surface 22a, respectively. Three portions are formed at equal angular intervals with respect to the center of each through-hole 22b. Further, on the bottom surface of each receiving seat 22c, a fixing through hole 22e of a second lens frame mounting ring 31 (see FIGS. 20 and 21) of each rear lens barrel 7 and 8 to be described later is provided at the center of each receiving seat 22c. Are formed at equiangular intervals.
[0060]
On the other hand, the upper surface and the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21 are processed so as to be exactly perpendicular to the processing reference surface 22a and accurately parallel to a plane including the central axes of both through holes 22b. Further, the outer edge of the pentabase portion 21 is formed symmetrically along the inner shape of the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101.
[0061]
Further, as shown in FIG. 20, the pentabase portion 22 has optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 that pass through when the relay unit 1 is fixed to the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101. Through holes 21a and 21a having a circular cross-section with the passage positions of these optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 as the center are opened so as to be symmetrical. The upper half of each through-hole 21a is formed as a female screw, and the lower half is formed as a receiving seat. The front lens barrels 5 and 6 are screwed into the through holes 21a and 21a, respectively, from the opening on the lower surface side thereof. The front lens barrels 5 and 6 are cylinders that hold the first lens groups 241 and 251 of the relay optical systems 240 and 250 in the inside thereof, and a slightly small-diameter male screw formed at the rear end thereof has the through holes 21a, It is fixed to the pentabase 21 by being screwed into the female screw 21a.
[0062]
In addition, the through holes 21a and 21a are open on the bottom surface of two prism fixing grooves 21b and 21b formed perpendicular to the processing reference surface 22a on the upper surface side of the pentabase portion 21. Each prism fixing groove 21 b is formed in a rectangular cross section having substantially the same width as each of the pentaprisms 272 and 273, and the bottom surface thereof is parallel to the upper surface of the pentabase portion 21. The pentaprisms 272 and 273 are fitted in the prism fixing grooves 21b and 21b, and the incident surfaces of the pentaprisms 272 and 273 are in contact with the bottom surfaces of the prism fixing grooves 21b and 21b with the through holes 21a and 21a being closed. Yes. Then, each pentaprism 272, 273ofIt is fixed to the pentabase part 21 by a fixing band 9 hung on the slope between the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface. Thereby, the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the first lens groups 241 and 251 are deflected at right angles within a plane including the central axis of the through hole 21a of the pentabase portion 21 and the central axis of the through hole 22b of the mount portion 22, It penetrates perpendicularly to the machining reference surface 22a.
[0063]
Further, at the center in the left-right direction on the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21, a rear end surface flush with the processing reference surface 22a, both side surfaces perpendicular to the processing reference surface 22a and the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21, and A holder support portion 23 having a lower surface parallel to the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21 is integrally formed to project. This holder support part 23 has a pair of left and right fields of view described above.ApertureThe holders 3 and 4 are held so that their positions can be adjusted only in directions parallel to the processing reference surface 22a and perpendicular to the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the first lens groups 241 and 251. Hereinafter, these holder support part 23 and both visual fieldsApertureThe configuration of the holders 3 and 4 will be described.
[0064]
14 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along a plane along which the optical axis Ax2 passes, FIG. 15 is a transverse sectional view taken along a line XV-XV in FIG. 14, and FIG. 16 is a line XVIa-XVIa in FIG. FIG. 6 is a composite sectional view of a longitudinal section taken along the line XVI and a longitudinal section taken along the line XVIb-XVIb. As shown in each of these sectional views and the perspective view of FIG. 12, the holder support portion 23 has two bearing holes 23a and 23b perpendicular to both side surfaces thereof on a plane including both optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. They are formed so as to penetrate each other in a positional relationship that is symmetrical with respect to each other. In these bearing holes 23a and 23b, guide pins 10 and 11 having substantially the same diameter as the bearing holes 23a and 23b are rotatably inserted, respectively.
[0065]
Each of these guide pins 10 and 11 has a cylindrical shape having the same shape, and a crest of male screws 10a and 11a is formed on the outer peripheral surface near one end thereof. Since the male screws 10a and 11a are larger in diameter than the bearing holes 23a and 23b, the guide pins 10 and 11 are connected to the shafts from the ends where the male screws 10a and 11a are not formed.ReceivingHole23a,23b. Specifically, the guide pin 10 is inserted from the lower opening in FIG. 15 into the shaft hole 23a on the side close to the processing reference surface 22a, and the guide pin 11 is inserted into the other shaft hole 23b. Is inserted from the upper opening in FIG.
[0066]
Each field of viewApertureThe holders 3 and 4 have a flat, substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in which the left-right direction axis is shorter than the front-rear direction axis, and the first lens group 241, at the center of the plane (the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21). Through holes 3a and 4a having an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of 251 penetrate vertically. Openings on the side of the pentabase 21 in the through holes 3a and 4a are formed as receiving seats having a slightly larger diameter. Further, screw holes 3b are provided on both sides of the through holes 3a and 4a at symmetrical positions relative to the central axes of the through holes 3a and 4a and at the same intervals as the bearing holes 23a and 23b of the holder support portion 23. , 4b and straight holes 3c, 4c are opened. The screw holes 3b and 4b have an inner diameter with which the male screws 10a and 11a of the guide pins 10 and 11 can be screwed, and the straight holes 3c and 4c have an inner diameter that is substantially the same as the tip of the guide pins 10 and 11. Have. And one field of viewApertureIn the holder 3, the male screw 11a of the guide pin 11 is screwed into the screw hole 3b, and the tip of the guide pin 10 is inserted into the straight hole 3c. In the other field frame holder 4, the male screw 10a of the guide pin 10 is screwed into the screw hole 4b, and the guide pin 11 is inserted into the straight hole 4c.InsertionIt ’s stuck.
[0067]
Each guide pin 10, 11 has a side surface (the tip of the guide pin 10 protrudes from the side surface of the holder support portion 23) with the distance between the male screw 10 a, 11 a and the side surface of the holder support portion 23 kept constant. The E-ring 12 that is in contact with the side surface is fitted. A washer 13 having an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the male screws 10a and 11a is inserted between the male screws 10a and 11a of the guide pins 10 and 11 and the side surface of the holder support portion 23. And between this washer 13 and the side surface of the holder support part 23, the compression spring 14 which urges the washer 13 in the direction in which the guide pins 10 and 11 come out is wound around each guide pin 10 and 11 and attached. ing. As a result, the guide pins 10 and 11 cannot advance or retreat in the axial direction with respect to the bearing holes 23 a and 23 b of the holder support portion 23.
[0068]
With the above configuration, one guide pin 11Rotate the one field of viewApertureThe holder 3 moves straight in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis Ax2 along the processing reference surface 22a, and the center of the through hole 3a intersects the optical axis Ax2 in the middle. The other guide pin 10Rotate the other field of viewApertureThe holder 4 moves straight in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis Ax3 along the processing reference plane 22a, and the center of the through hole 4a intersects the optical axis Ax3 in the middle thereof. Therefore, the holder support portion 23 and the guide pins 10 and 11 correspond to support means.
[0069]
Each E phosphorusG12 and each field of viewApertureEach field of view is between the side surfaces of the holders 3 and 4.ApertureA compression spring 15 that urges the holders 3 and 4 in a direction to separate them from the holder support portion 23 is mounted by winding the guide pins 10 and 11. As a result, the male screws 10a and 11a of the guide pins 10 and 11 and the fields of viewApertureErrors due to backlash between the screw holes 3b and 4b of the holders 3 and 4 are eliminated, andApertureThe positions of the holders 3 and 4 are uniquely determined.
[0070]
Each field of view described aboveApertureIn the through holes 3a and 4a of the holders 3 and 4, a cylindrical field stop frame 16 having an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the through holes 3a and 4a, respectively, has a predetermined friction against the through holes 3a and 4a. It is packed with rotation. At the outer edge of the upper end of each field stop frame 16 (the end facing the front lens barrels 5 and 6), a flange is formed that fits into the receiving seats of the through holes 3a and 4a. In a state where this flange is fitted in the receiving seats of the through holes 3a and 4a, the lower ends of the field stop frames 16 are connected to the fields of view.ApertureA small amount protrudes from the lower surface of the holders 3 and 4. At the lower end of the field stop frame 16, a notch 16a that engages with the tip of the minus driver is formed along a direction orthogonal to the central axis. A receiving seat 16b having a slightly larger inner diameter than other portions is formed on the inner edge at the upper end of each field stop frame 16. The field stops 270 and 271 described above are fixed to the receiving seat 16b so as to be orthogonal to the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. The above holder support 23, both guide pins 10, 11, the field stop holder 3 (4), and the field stop frame 16 correspond to a moving mechanism.
Since the shape of both field stops 270 and 271 are exactly the same, the specific shape will be described below with the field stop 270 as a representative. FIG. 17 is a plan view of the field stop 270. As shown in FIG. 17 and as described above, the outer edge shape of each field stop 270 is circular. A semicircular opening 270a having a diameter of a chord (that is, a knife edge 270b) and a circular arc concentric with the outer edge is opened inside.
[0071]
As described above, in the normal use state after the field stop 270 is adjusted to a predetermined position, as shown in FIG. 18, an image 270 ′ of the field stop 270 is obtained by imaging the knife edge 270′b of the CCD 116. It is formed on the same plane as the imaging surface of the CCD 116 in a state where it matches the boundary line of the left and right imaging regions on the surface. At this time, the half of the field stop 270 on the side where the opening 270a is not opened shields a portion conjugate with one half of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (an imaging region that does not correspond to the self). The image 270′a of the opening 270a must have a size that completely covers the other half of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (an imaging region corresponding to itself). Therefore, the radius R of the arc of the opening 270a is the horizontal width CCD of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 shown in FIG._HAgainst
R ² > ( CCD _H / M) ² + (CCD _V / 2m) ² ...... (1)
It is a size that satisfies the relationship. Where m is a relayOptical systemThe magnification is 240.
[0072]
On the side of the field stop 270 where the opening 270a is not formed, a magnification adjusting marking 270c is formed by arranging three small-diameter circular holes in parallel with the knife edge 270b. In the normal use state after the field stop 270 is adjusted to a predetermined position, the relay of the marking 270cOpticalSeries 24As shown in FIG. 18, the image 270'c by 0 is1It must be off the 16 imaging planes. Therefore, the distance L between the marking 270c and the knife edge 270b_HThe horizontal width CCD of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 shown in FIG._HAgainst
L_H> CCD_H / (2 × m) (2)
It is a size that satisfies the relationship. That is, the marking 270c is formed in the field stop 270 at a position conjugate with the outside of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 with respect to the relay optical system 240 when the field stop is disposed at a predetermined position.
[0073]
Next, the configuration of the rear barrels 7 and 8 will be described. Since both the rear barrels 7 and 8 have exactly the same configuration, only one of the rear barrels 7 will be described, and the other A description of the rear barrel 8 is omitted.
[0074]
FIG. 20 shows one relayOpticalFIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along a plane including the optical axis Ax2 of the system 240, and FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the rear barrel 7 when cut along this plane. In both these figures, the right side is referred to as the front and the left side is referred to as the rear.
As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the rear lens barrel 7 is fixed inside the decenter adjustment ring 30 fixed to the periphery of the receiving seat 22 c on the processing reference surface 22 a, and inside the receiving seat 22 c and the decenter adjusting ring 30. The second lens frame mounting ring 31, the second lens frame 32 screwed into the second lens frame mounting ring 31 and holding the second lens group 242 therein, and the second lens frame 32 A second lens frame fixing ring 33 that is screwed onto the outer surface and abuts on the rear end surface of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and a third lens frame that is fitted to the rear end of the second lens frame 32 so that only rotation adjustment is possible. The mounting ring 34, the third lens frame mounting ring 34 and the third lens frame 35 holding the third lens group 243 therein, and the third lens frame mounting ring 34 are screwed together. And third And a third lens frame fixing ring 36 which abuts the rear end side with respect to the lens frame 35, and is configured as a main component. Each of the frames or rings 30 to 36 described above has a rotationally symmetric shape except for the shape of a screw hole or the like. Each specific shape will be described below.
[0075]
First, the decenter adjustment ring 30 has a shape in which a mounting flange 30a having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the receiving seat 22c is formed to protrude from the tip of a cylinder having an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the receiving seat 22c. Further, an annular protrusion 30b having an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the receiving seat 22c is formed on the distal end surface of the decenter adjustment ring 30 including the mounting flange 30a. When the annular protrusion 30b fits into the receiving seat 22c, the decenter adjustment ring 30 is positioned with respect to the processing reference surface 22a. Further, in this state, through holes 30c are formed in the mounting flange 30a at positions corresponding to the respective screw holes 22d of the processing reference surface 22a. The decenter adjustment ring 30 is fixed to the mount portion 22 of the reference frame 2 by fixing screws 37 that pass through the through holes 30c and are screwed into the screw holes 22d.
[0076]
Further, as shown in FIG. 22, two screws (set screws for decenter adjustment) 38 and 38 are disposed at the rear cylindrical portion of the decenter adjustment ring 30 in a positional relationship of 90 degrees with respect to the center thereof. Two relatively small-diameter screw holes to be screwed and one relatively large-diameter screw hole into which the ball plunger 39 is screwed in a positional relationship of 135 degrees with respect to each screw 38 are the same circle on the outer peripheral surface. A through-hole is formed from a position on the circumference toward the center.
[0077]
Next, the second lens frame mounting ring 31 has an inner diameter larger than that of the through hole 22b. A mounting flange 31a having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the receiving seat 22c is formed at the front end of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and at the rear end thereof from the inner diameter of the decenter adjustment ring 30. Also, a decenter adjustment flange 31b having a slightly smaller outer diameter is formed to protrude.
[0078]
The mounting flange 31a has screw holes 31c that are sufficiently smaller in diameter than the through-holes 22e at positions corresponding to the through-holes 22e of the receiving seat 22c in a state where the front end surface is in contact with the bottom surface of the receiving seat 22c. Is formed. The second lens frame mounting ring 31 is fixed to the mount portion 22 by a fixing screw 40 that passes through each through hole 22e and is screwed into each screw hole 31c. However, the position of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 in the plane orthogonal to the axis can be adjusted with respect to the mount portion 22 within the range of the clearance between each fixing screw 40 and each through hole 22e. .
[0079]
Further, the outermost surface of the decenter adjustment flange 31b has a deepest portion slightly behind the tip of each decenter adjustment set screw 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 and the apex of the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39. An annular V-groove is formed. When the tapered surfaces of the set screws 38 and 38 and the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39 abut on the inner surface of the annular V groove, the second lens frame mounting ring 31 is positioned in a plane perpendicular to the axis thereof. . Therefore, the position of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the axis thereof by appropriately rotating both set screws 38 and 38 and pushing and pulling the decenter adjustment flange 31b. During this position adjustment, the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39 is sunk or protrudes following the movement of the decenter adjustment flange 31b, and always presses the decenter adjustment flange 31b against both set screws 38 and 38. When each set screw 38 is adjusted beyond the following range of the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39, the ball plunger 39 itself may be rotated to adjust the position according to the position of each set screw 38.
[0080]
Also, a female thread thread is formed in the vicinity of the tip on the inner peripheral surface of the second lens frame mounting ring 31.
[0081]
Next, the second lens frame 32 has an inner diameter larger than that of the through hole 22b. The second lens group 242 described above is held inside the second lens frame 32. The outer surface of the second lens frame 32 has an outer diameter that is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 and is fitted into the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and the small diameter part 32a. It is divided into an intermediate diameter portion 32b in which a male screw having a slightly larger diameter is formed, and a large diameter portion 32d connected to the intermediate diameter portion 32b via a flange 32c.
[0082]
A male screw that is screwed into a female screw formed on the second lens frame mounting ring 31 is cut off at the tip of the small diameter portion 32a. Therefore, the second lens frame 32 can be adjusted in the axial direction by being rotated with respect to the second lens frame mounting ring 31.
[0083]
Further, a female screw formed on the inner surface of the second lens frame fixing ring 33 is screwed into the male screw of the intermediate diameter portion 32b. Accordingly, the second lens frame fixing ring 33 is screwed into the male screw of the intermediate diameter portion 32b and is brought into contact with the rear end of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, whereby the small diameter portion is formed on the female screw of the second lens frame mounting ring 31. The second lens frame 32 can be fixed to the second lens frame mounting ring 31 by engaging the male screw 32a.
[0084]
In addition, an annular V-shaped groove is formed over substantially the entire circumference of the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 32d in the axial direction.
[0085]
Next, the third lens frame mounting ring 34 includes a small diameter portion 34a having an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the large diameter portion 32d of the second lens frame 32, and a large diameter sufficiently larger than the small diameter portion 34a. It is divided into a diameter portion 34b.
[0086]
The small diameter portion 34a is rotatably fitted to the large diameter portion 32d of the second lens frame 32, and the tip thereof is in contact with the flange 32c. Note that a plurality of screw holes into which the set screws 41 are screwed are formed in the circumferential direction at a position overlapping the V groove of the second lens frame 32 in a state where the tip of the small diameter portion 34a is in contact with the flange 32c. . The set screw 41 is screwed into the screw hole of the small diameter portion 34a, and the tip thereof enters the V groove of the second lens frame 32, so that the third lens frame mounting ring 34 is prevented from coming off from the second lens frame 32. Further, the set screw 41 is screwed and the tip of the set screw 41 comes into contact with the inner surface of the V groove of the second lens frame 32, so that the rotation of the third lens frame mounting ring 34 relative to the second lens frame 32 is prevented.
[0087]
Further, the above-described brightness stop 244 is fixed inside the large diameter portion 34b. An operating rod 244a extends from the brightness stop 244, and the operating rod 244a passes through the large diameter portion 34b. Further, a female thread is cut in the vicinity of the rear end of the inner surface of the large diameter portion 34b.
[0088]
Next, the third lens frame 35 is a third lens.frameMountingring34 has a substantially disk shape having an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the large-diameter portion 34b, and the third lens group 243 is coaxially held at the center thereof. Further, on the outer peripheral surface of the third lens frame 35, there is a third lens.frameMountingringA male screw that is screwed into the female screw of the large-diameter portion 34b of 34 is formed. Therefore, the third lens frame 35 is the third lens.frameMountingringBy being rotated with respect to 34, the position can be adjusted in the axial direction.
[0089]
The third lensframeMountingringFurther, a male screw formed on the outer surface of the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is screwed into the female screw of the large diameter portion 34 b of 34 from the outside of the third lens frame 35. Therefore, the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is connected to the third lens.frameMountingringThe female screw of the third lens frame 35 is engaged with the female screw of the third lens frame mounting ring 34 by being screwed into the female screw of the large diameter portion 34b of 34 and contacting the rear end of the third lens frame mounting ring 35. Thus, the third lens frame 35 can be fixed to the third lens frame mounting ring 34.
(Assembly and adjustment of video stereo microscope)
Next, a procedure for assembling and adjusting the stereoscopic microscope 101 having the above-described configuration will be described. First, the assembly operator performs a pair of left and right zooms outside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101.OpticalSystem 220, 230, close-upOpticalThe system 210 and the illumination optical system 300 are individually assembled in respective lens barrels (not shown) prepared for ball matching. Also, a pair of left and right zoomOpticalThe lens barrels of the systems 220 and 230 are fixed to a bracket (not shown) in a state where the respective zoom magnifications are matched and the optical axes are parallel to each other.
[0090]
Next, the assembly operator assembles the relay unit 1 as described above except for the pentaprisms 272 and 273 and the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 outside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101.
Next, the assembly operator fixes the relay unit 1 on an XY table (not shown). At this time, the processing reference surface 22a of the reference frame 2 is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the XY table. Then, the assembly operator appropriately fixes the position of the XY table, and is fixed to the base of the XY table so that the optical axis is perpendicular to the surface of the XY table. A processing reference surface 22a is placed in the field of view of an optical microscope (not shown), and an angle A formed by the processing reference surface 22a with respect to a predetermined reference line is measured.
[0091]
Next, the assembly operator puts one field stop 270 into the field of view by appropriately adjusting the position of the XY table. Then, the field stop frame 16 holding the field stop 270 is appropriately rotated by a flat-blade screwdriver so that the opening 270a is disposed on the side close to the other field stop 271 and the knife edge 270b is set to a predetermined position. The direction is 90 degrees from the angle A with respect to the reference line. As a result, the knife edge 270b is perpendicular to the processing reference surface 22a.
[0092]
Next, the assembly operator places the other field stop 271 in the field of view by appropriately adjusting the position of the XY table. The field stop frame 16 holding the field stop 271 is appropriately rotated by a flat-blade screwdriver so that the opening 271a is disposed on the side close to the field stop 270, and the knife edge 271b is set to a predetermined reference. The direction is 90 degrees from the angle A with respect to the line. As a result, the knife edge 271b is perpendicular to the processing reference surface 22a.At the same time, it is parallel to the knife edge 270b of the other field stop 270..
[0093]
When the angle adjustment of the knife edges 270b and 271b is completed as described above, the assembling worker fixes both the pentaprisms 272 and 273 and the both rear barrels 7 and 8 to the relay unit 1. However, at this time, since the adjustment is not yet performed, the fixing screw 40 is temporarily fixed so that the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted with respect to the mount portion 22 and the decenter adjustment ring 30, and the second lens The frame fixing ring 33 is loosened so that the second lens frame 32 is rotatable with respect to the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is loosened and the third lens frame 35 is moved to the third lens frame mounting ring 31. Each set screw 41 is loosened so that the third lens frame mounting ring 34 is rotatable with respect to the second lens frame 32.
[0094]
Next, the assembling worker fixes the lens barrels of both zoom optical systems 220 and 230 and the relay unit 1 in the housing of the binocular microscope 101, and attaches the high-definition CCD camera 102 to the binocular microscope 101. Install. Then, left and right images are displayed on the monitor 114 that has received the high-definition signal from the high-definition CCD camera 102. However, at this time, the knife edges 270b and 271b of the two field stops 270 and 271 are parallel to each other in the plane including the imaging surface of the CCD, but their positions do not necessarily match. Moreover, the image circles formed by the relay lens systems 240 and 250 are not necessarily arranged on the left and right sides of the CCD. Furthermore, the size of each image circle (secondary image) is not necessarily equal.
[0095]
Therefore, the assembling worker first sets both the third lens frames 35 to the third lens.frameMountingringBoth fields of view by rotating the third lens groups 243 and 253 in the direction of the optical axis by appropriately rotating them with respect to the lens 34.ApertureThe focus states of the images 270 'and 271' with respect to the CCD 116 are adjusted. As a result, the images 270 ′ and 271 ′ are clearly displayed on the monitor 114.
[0096]
Next, the assembly operator appropriately rotates the guide pins 10 and 11 to move the field stop holders 3 and 4 (in some cases, further, each decenter adjustment set for each of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8). By adjusting the screw 38, the markings 270c and 271c of the field stops 270 and 271 are arranged in the vicinity of the respective optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 (positions that are conjugate with the imaging surface of the CCD 116 with respect to the relay optical systems 240 and 250). Then, the images 270 ′ c and 271 ′ c by the relay optical systems 240 and 250 are both imaged by the CCD 116. At this time, the mechanism for rotating the field stops 270 and 271 and the mechanism for moving the field stops 270 and 271 linearly operate independently from each other, so that the markings 270 are maintained while the knife edges 270 b and 271 b are kept parallel.c271cCan be moved straight ahead.
[0097]
As described above, when the images 270′c and 271′c of the markings 270c and 271c are imaged by the CCD 116, the assembling operator uses the monitor 114 to display the images 270′c and 271 ′ of the markings 270c and 271c. Measure the width of c. Then, the second lens frame 32 of one rear lens barrel 7 (or 8) is rotated to move both the second lens group 242 (or 252) and the third lens group 243 (or 253) in the optical axis direction. The combined focal length of the first lens 241 (or 251) and the second lens group 242 (or 252), that is, the magnification of the relay optical system 240 (or 250) is changed. When the second lens frame 32 has been rotated, the third lensframeMountingring34 is rotated with respect to the second lens frame 32, and its rotational position (that is, the direction of the operating rod 244a) is restored. Then, the third lens frame 35 is replaced with the third lens.frameMountingring34, the third lens group 243 (or 253) is moved in the optical axis direction, and the focus state of the image 270'c (or 271'c) with respect to the CCD 116 is readjusted.
[0098]
When the size of the images 270′c and 271′c of the markings 270c and 271c is adjusted in this manner, the assembling worker again displays the images 270′c and 271′c displayed on the monitor 114. Re-measure the size of. Then, the above-described operation is repeated until the sizes of both images 270'c and 271'c match. As a result of repeating such operations, when the sizes of the images 270′c and 271′c of the markings 270c and 271c displayed on the monitor 114 match, the magnifications of the relay optical systems 240 and 250 match. The positions of both field stops 270 and 271 and the position of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 are conjugate (that is, both field stops 270 and 271 are in focus with respect to the CCD 116). Therefore, the assembly operator tightens the second lens frame fixing ring 33 to move the second lens frame 32 to the second lens.frameMounting ring31The third lens is fixed by tightening each set screw 41.frameThe mounting ring 34 is fixed to the second lens frame 32, and the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is fastened to fix the third lens frame 35 to the third lens.frameIt is fixed with respect to the mounting ring 34.
[0099]
As above, each relayOptical systemSince the markings 270c and 271c that can be used as a reference for adjusting the magnification of 240 and 250 are formed on the field stops 270 and 271, the sizes of the images 270′c and 271′c of the markings 270c and 271c are made to coincide with each other. Just easily relay bothOptical systemThe magnifications of 240 and 250 can be matched.
[0100]
Next, the operator rotates both guide pins 10 and 11 as appropriate to move the field stop holders 3 and 4 in directions away from each other, and images 270'b of the openings 270b and 271b of the field stops 270 and 271 respectively. , 271′b are arranged on the left and right sides of the CCD 116 to form an image. However, at this time, the images of the two knife edges 270c and 271c do not necessarily coincide with each other.
[0101]
Next, the assembling worker arranges the autocollimators in front of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of both zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively, and projects the target images toward the zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively. However, at this time, the flange backs of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 do not necessarily coincide with the positions of the field stops 270 and 271, so that the focus of the target image captured by the CCD 116 and displayed on the monitor 114 is focused. Does not necessarily match. Therefore, the assembling worker advances and retracts the lens barrels of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 with respect to the brackets (not shown) in the optical axis direction, and forms the primary image of the target on the same plane as the field stops 270 and 271. The secondary image is formed on the imaging surface of the CCD 116. Thereby, the flange back of both zoom optical systems 220 and 230 is adjusted.
[0102]
At this time, the center of each target image formed on the CCD 116 indicates the position of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. The positions of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 can be adjusted by moving the second lens groups 242 and 252 in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis. Therefore, the assembling worker advances and retracts each decenter adjustment set screw 38, 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 of one rear lens barrel 7, so that the second lens frame mounting ring 31 is a surface orthogonal to the optical axis. The center of the target image (secondary image) formed by the relay optical system 240 in the rear lens barrel 7 is moved to the center of the left imaging area on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (that is, the monitor 114). To the center of the left half). Similarly, the decenter adjustment set screws 38 and 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 of the other rear lens barrel 8 are moved forward and backward to appropriately move the second lens frame mounting ring 31 within a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. By doing so, the center of the target image (secondary image) formed by the relay optical system 250 in the rear lens barrel 8 is set to the center of the right imaging area on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (that is, the right half of the monitor 114). Center).
[0103]
With the above adjustment, both relaysOpticalThe optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the systems 240 and 250 are parallel to each other. Therefore, the assembly operator fixes the second lens frame fixing rings 31 of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 to the mount portion 22 by finally tightening the fixing screws 40.
[0104]
Next, the assembly operator appropriately rotates the guide pins 10 and 11 to move the field stop holders 3 and 4 to predetermined positions, and the knife edges 270 b and 271 b of the field stops 270 and 271 are moved to the CCD 116. To the center of the imaging surface of (i.e., to match the center of the monitor 114). Then, a part of the image circle formed at the position of each field stop 270, 271 is shielded by the respective knife edges 270b, 271b. An image partially shielded in this way is displayed for each relay.OpticalImages are re-imaged on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 by the systems 240 and 250. Therefore, on the CCD 116, the left and right images are arranged side by side without overlapping each other.
[0105]
Finally, the assembling operator incorporates the lens barrel of the close-up optical system 210 into the housing of the binocular microscope 101. Thereby, the binocular microscope 101 is completed.
[0106]
Embodiment 2
The second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment described above only in the shape of the field stop, and has other configurations in common. FIG. 24 is a plan view of a field stop 273 used in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 24, the field stop 273 is different from that of the first embodiment only in the shape of the marking 273c, and has a shape in which two square holes are formed side by side. Again, the distance L between the knife edge 273b and the marking 273c_HIs a size satisfying the above formula (2). Other configurations in the second embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
[0107]
Embodiment 3
The third embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment described above only in the shape of the field stop, and has other configurations in common. FIG. 25 is a plan view of a field stop 274 used in the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 25, this field stop 274 has a rectangular shape with a knife edge 274b on one side, differing from the first embodiment only in the shape of its outer edge. Again, the distance L between the knife edge 274b and the marking 274c_HIs a size satisfying the above formula (2). Other configurations in the third embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.
[0108]
Embodiment 4
The fourth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment described above only in the shape of the field stop, and has other configurations in common. FIG. 26 is a plan view of a field stop 275 used in the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 26, the field stop 275 has a rectangular outer edge, and a rectangular opening 275a having a straight knife edge 275b passing through the center of the field stop 275 is opened.
[0109]
A marking 275c formed by arranging three circular holes in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the knife edge 275b is formed at the end of the extended line of the knife edge 275b.
[0110]
When the field stop 275 is used, the field stop holders 3 and 4 are moved after the field stop frame 16 is rotated 90 degrees, whereby an image of the marking 275c is formed on the CCD 116 (displayed on the monitor 114). ) After adjusting the magnifications of the relay lens systems 240 and 250, the direction of the knife edge 275b of each field stop 275 is confirmed on the monitor 114, and the direction of the knife edge 275b is readjusted.
[0111]
In the normal use state after the position adjustment of each field stop 275 is completed in this way, an image 275'c of the marking 275c by the relay lens systems 270 and 271 is a CCD.1It must be off the 16 imaging planes. Therefore, the distance L between the marking 275c and the center of the field stop 275_VIs the vertical width CCD of the imaging surface of the CCD 116 shown in FIG._VAgainst
L_V> CCD_V / (2 × m) ...... (3)
It is a size that satisfies the relationship.
[0112]
Other configurations in the fourth embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.
[0113]
Embodiment 5
The fifth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment described above only in the shape of the field stop, and has other configurations in common. FIG. 27 is a plan view of a field stop 276 used in the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 27, the field stop 276 has a rectangular outer edge, and a rectangular opening 276a having a straight knife edge 276b passing through the center as one side is opened.
[0114]
On the upper surface of the field stop 276, a marking 276c is formed by arranging two inscriptions in a direction parallel to the knife edge 276b. Again, the distance L between the knife edge 276b and the marking 276c_HIs a size satisfying the above formula (2). When the field stop 276 is used, the marking 276c is illuminated from above the field stop 276, and an image of the marking 276c is formed on the CCD 116 (displayed on the monitor 114). Other configurations in the fifth embodiment are exactly the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
[0115]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the video stereoscopic microscope of the present invention, information commonly used for focus adjustment and magnification adjustment of the relay optical system, that is, the marking image of each photographing optical system is included in the image by the imaging device. Therefore, it is possible to easily adjust the focus and magnification of the relay optical system.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a surgical operation support system incorporating a video stereoscopic microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an optical configuration diagram showing an outline of an optical configuration in a video stereoscopic microscope.
FIG. 3 is an optical configuration diagram showing an outline of an optical configuration of a video type stereoscopic viewer.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of an LCD panel
FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of a stereoscopic microscope.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the microscope optical system.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing the entire configuration of the microscope optical system.
FIG. 8 is a front view showing the entire configuration of the microscope optical system.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the entire configuration of a microscope optical system.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a fixed position of the relay unit in the housing of the video stereoscopic microscope.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the relay unit when viewed from obliquely upward from the front.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the relay unit when viewed from diagonally below the front.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the reference frame as viewed from the rear and obliquely above.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a longitudinal section along the optical axis Ax2.
15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XV-XV in FIG.
16 is a synthetic sectional view showing a longitudinal section along the XVIa-XVIa line and a longitudinal section along the XVIb-XVIb line in FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a plan view of a field stop.
FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a positional relationship between an image of a field stop by a relay lens system and an imaging surface of a CCD.
FIG. 19 is a front view of an image pickup surface of a CCD.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a longitudinal section along the optical axis Ax2.
FIG. 21 is a perspective sectional view of the rear lens barrel cut along the section shown in FIG. 20;
FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement of decenter adjustment set screws and ball plungers.
FIG. 23 is an explanatory view showing the movement of the field stop according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 24 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 26 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 27 is a plan view showing a field stop according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 28 is a plan view showing a field stop of a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
200 Shooting optical system
220, 230 Zoom optical system
240, 250 relay optical system
241,251 First lens group
242 and 252 second lens group
243,253 Third lens group
260 Convergence Prism
270,271 Field stop
270b, 271b Knife edge
270c, 271c marking
116 CCD

Claims (10)

An image of the same object is formed in each of the corresponding areas of the two areas divided in the direction of the baseline length on the imaging surface of the imaging device by a pair of imaging optical systems arranged with a predetermined baseline length apart. , A video stereoscopic microscope for simultaneously imaging by the imaging device,
Each photographic optical system,
An objective optical system for forming a primary image of the optical system observation object;
A relay optical system that relays a primary image formed by the objective optical system and re-images it as a secondary image;
An optical axis distance reducing element that shifts the optical axis of the relay optical system and leads it to a region corresponding to the self-photographing optical system on the imaging surface;
A field stop that shields a portion conjugate with a region corresponding to the other imaging optical system on the imaging surface with respect to the relay optical system when arranged at a predetermined position in a plane where the primary image is formed by the objective optical system; ,
Marking formed on the field stop at a position conjugate to the outside of the imaging surface with respect to the relay optical system when the field stop is disposed at the predetermined position;
A moving mechanism for moving the field stop between the predetermined position in the plane and a position where the marking is conjugated with the imaging plane with respect to the relay optical system; Stereo microscope. 2. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking is a hole formed in the field stop. 2. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking includes a plurality of holes opened in the field stop. 4. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 2, wherein the hole is a circular hole. 4. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 2, wherein the hole is a square hole. 2. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking is a marking formed on a surface of the field stop facing the relay optical system. 2. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking is a plurality of markings formed on a surface of the field stop facing the relay optical system. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 1, wherein the moving mechanism is a mechanism that moves the field stop straight in the plane. The moving mechanism is
A cylindrical field stop frame that holds the field stop in its internal space;
A field stop holder for holding the field stop frame rotatably about its central axis;
With this field stop holder, the optical axis of the objective optical system and the objective optical system of the other photographing optical system are maintained while maintaining the posture in which the central axis of the field stop frame is parallel to the optical axis of the objective optical system. 9. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 8, further comprising support means for slidably supporting in an axial direction perpendicular to the optical axis. The relay lens system is emitted from a first group that is a fixed positive lens group and a second group that is a movable positive lens group whose overall object-side focal position substantially coincides with the surface, and the second group. The third group is a movable positive lens group that converges the parallel light on the imaging surface. The magnification is adjusted by moving the second group, and the focusing on the imaging surface is performed by moving the third group. 2. The video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein adjustment is made.

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