JP4601052B2 - Dissimilar metal joining method - Google Patents
Dissimilar metal joining method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4601052B2 JP4601052B2 JP2004373381A JP2004373381A JP4601052B2 JP 4601052 B2 JP4601052 B2 JP 4601052B2 JP 2004373381 A JP2004373381 A JP 2004373381A JP 2004373381 A JP2004373381 A JP 2004373381A JP 4601052 B2 JP4601052 B2 JP 4601052B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- materials
- eutectic
- bonding
- metal
- oxide film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Description
本発明は、例えばスチール材とアルミニウム合金材など、異種金属の接合技術に係わり、特に被接合材である両金属の間にインサート材として介在させた第３の金属材料と被接合材との間に生じる共晶反応を利用した異種金属の接合方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a technique for joining dissimilar metals such as a steel material and an aluminum alloy material, and in particular, between a third metal material and an object to be joined, which are interposed as an insert material between both metals to be joined. The present invention relates to a method for joining different metals using the eutectic reaction that occurs in
一般に、異種金属を接合する場合、同種材の溶接と同様に両方の被接合材料を溶融させてしまうと、脆弱な金属間化合物が生成し、十分な継手強度を得られないことが多い。例えば、アルミニウム合金と鋼の異種金属同士を溶接する場合、高硬度で脆弱なＦｅ２Ａｌ５やＦｅＡｌ３などの金属間化合物が生成するため、継手強度を確保するためには、これら金属間化合物の制御が必要となる。
しかし、アルミニウム合金表面には、緻密で強固な酸化皮膜が形成されており、それを除去するためには、接合時に大きな熱量を投与することが必要となり、その結果金属間化合物層が厚く成長し、低強度な接合部になってしまうことが問題となっていた。
Generally, when dissimilar metals are joined, if both materials to be joined are melted in the same manner as welding of the same kind of material, a brittle intermetallic compound is often generated and sufficient joint strength cannot be obtained. For example, when welding dissimilar metals such as an aluminum alloy and steel, intermetallic compounds such as Fe 2 Al 5 and FeAl 3 that are brittle and high in hardness are generated. Therefore, in order to ensure joint strength, these intermetallic compounds are used. Control is required.
However, a dense and strong oxide film is formed on the aluminum alloy surface, and in order to remove it, it is necessary to administer a large amount of heat at the time of bonding, and as a result, the intermetallic compound layer grows thick. It has been a problem that it becomes a low-strength joint.
そこで、このような異種金属材料を組み合わせて使用する場合には、ボルトやリベットなどによる機械的締結によって両材料を接合するようにしていたが、この場合には重量やコストが増加する点に問題があった。
また、このような異種金属の接合には、摩擦圧接が知られており、一部の部品において既に実用化されているが、これは対称性のよい回転体同士の接合などにその用途が限定されざるを得ない。さらに、爆着や熱間圧延なども知られているが、設備面や能率面で解決しなければならない問題が多く、種々の異種金属接合に広く適用することはできない。
Therefore, when using such dissimilar metal materials in combination, both materials were joined by mechanical fastening with bolts or rivets, but in this case the problem was that the weight and cost increased. was there.
In addition, friction welding is known for joining dissimilar metals, and has already been put to practical use in some parts, but this is limited to the joining of rotating bodies with good symmetry. It must be done. Furthermore, explosive deposition and hot rolling are also known, but there are many problems that must be solved in terms of equipment and efficiency, and cannot be widely applied to various dissimilar metal joining.
このような異種金属接合の改善例としては、異種金属材料の間に、当該異種金属と同じ２種の材料から成るクラッド材を同種の材料が接するように挟持して、抵抗溶接を行う方法が提案されている（特許文献１参照）。
また、同じく抵抗溶接を用いた方法として、アルミニウムと鋼を抵抗溶接するに際して、アルミニウム材と接する鋼表面に、Ａｌ量が２０ｗｔ％以上のアルミニウム合金又は純アルミニウムを２μｍ以上の厚さにめっきし、該めっき面をアルミニウム材に重ねて通電し、めっき層を優先的に溶融させ、鋼材側をほとんど溶融させることなく接合する方法が開示されている（特許文献２参照）。
As an improvement example of such dissimilar metal joining, there is a method in which a clad material made of the same two kinds of materials as the dissimilar metal is sandwiched between different metal materials so that the same kind of materials are in contact with each other and resistance welding is performed. It has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
Similarly, as a method using resistance welding, when aluminum and steel are resistance welded, a steel surface in contact with the aluminum material is plated with an aluminum alloy having a Al content of 20 wt% or more or pure aluminum to a thickness of 2 μm or more, A method has been disclosed in which the plating surface is superposed on an aluminum material, energized, the plating layer is preferentially melted, and the steel material side is joined almost without melting (see Patent Document 2).
さらに、抵抗溶接以外では、アルミニウム合金と鋼板を重ね合わせ、鋼板側からＹＡＧレーザを照射して両材料を溶接するに際して、溶接条件をコントロールし、接合界面に生じる溶接金属の組成や溶け込みを制御することによって、これら異種金属の接合を可能にすることが記載されている。
しかしながら、クラッド材を用いる特許文献１に記載の方法の場合、２枚の板を接合すべきところが３枚の接合ということになり、実施工を考えた場合には、クラッド材の挿入及び固定の工程が必要となって、現状の溶接ラインに新たな設備を組み入れなければならなくなる。また、例えばアルミニウムと鋼を接合する場合、クラッド鋼自体も異種材同士を接合することにより製造されるため、製造条件が厳しく、性能の安定した安価なクラッド材を入手することが困難であるという問題点がある。
また、鋼表面にアルミニウムめっきを施した状態で抵抗溶接する特許文献２に記載の方法では、アルミニウムめっき面とアルミニウム材を接合する際、アルミニウムの表面には強固な酸化皮膜が形成されているため、それを破壊して接合する際の入熱によって、アルミニウムめっき層とアルミニウム材が溶融するため、アルミニウムめっきと鋼の界面に脆弱な金属間化合物が生成され、これから破壊が生じる可能性がある。
However, in the case of the method described in Patent Document 1 using the clad material, the place where the two plates should be joined is the joining of the three pieces. A process is required and new equipment must be incorporated into the current welding line. In addition, for example, when aluminum and steel are joined, the clad steel itself is also produced by joining dissimilar materials, so that the production conditions are severe and it is difficult to obtain an inexpensive clad material with stable performance. There is a problem.
Moreover, in the method of
さらに、ＹＡＧレーザによる上記非特許文献１に記載の方法においては、両方の金属の溶融により接合部が形成されているため、接合界面に同様の脆弱な金属間化合物が生成しており、良好な接合強度が確保できるような条件範囲は極めて狭く、実用化が困難であるという問題点があった。 Furthermore, in the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 using the YAG laser, since a joint portion is formed by melting both metals, a similar fragile intermetallic compound is generated at the joint interface. The condition range that can secure the bonding strength is extremely narrow, and there is a problem that practical application is difficult.
本発明は、従来の異種金属の接合方法における上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであって、接合過程における金属間化合物の生成を抑制しながら、接合界面における酸化被膜を除去することができ、強固な接合が可能な異種金属の接合方法を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems in conventional dissimilar metal bonding methods, and is capable of removing an oxide film at the bonding interface while suppressing the formation of intermetallic compounds in the bonding process. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for joining dissimilar metals that can be easily joined.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、接合しようとする異種金属材料の間に、これら材料の少なくとも一方の金属との間に共晶反応を生じる第３の金属材料を介在させ、接合に際して共晶溶融を生じさせることによって、母材異種金属の融点より低い温度で酸化被膜を除去することができ、金属間化合物の生成を抑えることができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに到った。 As a result of intensive investigations to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention have developed a third metal that causes a eutectic reaction between at least one metal of these materials between different metal materials to be joined. It has been found that an oxide film can be removed at a temperature lower than the melting point of the base metal dissimilar metal by interposing a material and causing eutectic melting at the time of bonding, and the formation of intermetallic compounds can be suppressed. It came to complete.
本発明は上記知見に基づくものであって、本発明の異種金属の接合方法においては、互いに異なる両金属材料の間に、これら材料とは異なる金属から成る第３の材料を介在させ、第３の材料と両材料の一方の材料の酸化皮膜とを合わせた状態に重ね、加圧した状態で上記一方の材料と第３の材料との共晶点以上、かつ上記両材料の融点よりも低い温度に保持することで、上記一方の材料の酸化皮膜の一部を破壊して第３の材料と局部接触させ、該接触部を起点として、一方の材料と第３の材料との間に生じた共晶溶融を拡大させて、接合界面の酸化皮膜を破壊し、接合界面から共晶溶融金属と共に上記酸化皮膜を排除して両材料の新生面同士を直接接合することを特徴としている。
The present invention is based on the above knowledge. In the dissimilar metal joining method of the present invention, a third material made of a metal different from these materials is interposed between the two different metal materials, The material and the oxide film of one of the two materials are overlapped and combined, and in a pressurized state, the eutectic point of the one material and the third material is equal to or higher than the melting point of both the materials. By maintaining the temperature, a part of the oxide film of the one material is destroyed and brought into local contact with the third material, and is generated between the one material and the third material, starting from the contact portion. The eutectic melting is expanded to destroy the oxide film at the bonding interface, and the oxide film is removed together with the eutectic molten metal from the bonding interface to directly bond the new surfaces of both materials.
本発明によれば、互いに異なる異種金属材料同士を接合するに際して、両材料の間にこれら金属材料の一方と共晶反応を生じる第３の金属材料を介在させ、第３の材料と上記一方の材料の酸化皮膜とを合わせた状態に重ね、加圧した状態で所定温度に保持して、上記酸化皮膜の一部を破壊し、一方の材料と第３の材料とを局部接触させ、これらの間に上記接触部を起点として生じた共晶溶融を接合界面全体に拡大して、接合界面の酸化皮膜を破壊し、破壊された酸化皮膜を共晶溶融金属と共に、接合界面から排除して両材料の新生面同士を直接接合するようにしていることから、母材金属材料の融点よりも低い低温状態において酸化皮膜を除去することができ、また共晶溶融金属が接合界面から排出されるまでの間、異種金属材料同士の直接反応を阻止することから、接合過程における金属間化合物の生成時間が短縮されて、その成長を抑制することができ、相互拡散によって強固な接合状態を得ることができることになる。 According to the present invention, when different kinds of different metal materials are joined together, a third metal material that causes a eutectic reaction with one of these metal materials is interposed between the two materials, and the third material and the one of the above-mentioned superimposed on a state of combination of the oxide film of the material, and held at a predetermined temperature in a pressurized state, to break a part of the oxide film, it is localized contact one of the material and the third material, these The eutectic melt generated from the contact point in between is expanded to the entire bonding interface, the oxide film at the bonding interface is destroyed, and the broken oxide film is removed from the bonding interface together with the eutectic molten metal. Since the new surfaces of the material are directly joined together, the oxide film can be removed at a low temperature lower than the melting point of the base metal material, and the eutectic molten metal is discharged from the joint interface. Directly between different metal materials From blocking the response, is shortened generation time of the intermetallic compound in the bonding process, it is possible to suppress the growth, so that it is possible to obtain a strong joint state by the mutual diffusion.
以下に、本発明の異種金属の接合方法について、さらに詳細かつ具体的に説明する。 Below, the joining method of the dissimilar metals of this invention is demonstrated still in detail and concretely.
図１は、異種金属材料として、アルミニウム合金材と鋼材との接合における金属間化合物の厚さと接合強度の関係を定性的に示したものである。なお、接合に際しては、鋼材として亜鉛メッキ鋼板を使用し、あらかじめ鋼材の表面にめっきされた亜鉛（Ｚｎ）をＡｌとの間に共晶溶融を生じる第３の金属材料として利用した。
図１に示すように、金属間化合物の厚さが、ｔ１からｔ２程度の極めて薄い範囲においては、高い接合強度が得られるのに対し、金属間化合物の厚さがｔ２を超えて厚くなるとると、接合強度が著しく低下することになり、望ましい金属間化合物の厚さｔ１〜ｔ２は、接合界面に生成する金属間化合物の組成によって若干の相違があるものの、概ね１〜５μｍ程度である。
FIG. 1 qualitatively shows the relationship between the thickness of the intermetallic compound and the bonding strength in the bonding of an aluminum alloy material and a steel material as different metal materials. In joining, a galvanized steel sheet was used as a steel material, and zinc (Zn) plated on the surface of the steel material in advance was used as a third metal material that causes eutectic melting with Al.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the range where the thickness of the intermetallic compound is extremely thin from about t1 to t2, a high bonding strength can be obtained, whereas the thickness of the intermetallic compound exceeds t2. The bonding strength is significantly reduced, and the desirable intermetallic compound thicknesses t1 to t2 are approximately 1 to 5 μm, although there are some differences depending on the composition of the intermetallic compound generated at the bonding interface.
一方、図２は、上記の接合における投与熱量と接合界面に生成された金属間化合物の厚さとの関係を示すものである。
一方の被接合材であるアルミニウム合金材の表面には、一般に強固な酸化皮膜が形成されているため、この酸化被膜を破壊するためには高い投与熱量（Ｗ３）を必要とする。しかし、このような高い熱量（Ｗ３）を投与すると金属間化合物が厚く（Ｔ３）成長してしまい、この結果、図１に示すように接合強度が低く（Ｐ３）なってしまう。
On the other hand, FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the dose of heat in the above bonding and the thickness of the intermetallic compound produced at the bonding interface.
Since a strong oxide film is generally formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy material that is one of the materials to be bonded, a high dose heat (W3) is required to destroy the oxide film. However, when such a high amount of heat (W3) is administered, the intermetallic compound grows thick (T3), and as a result, the bonding strength becomes low (P3) as shown in FIG.
本発明の接合方法においては、共晶溶融を利用していることから、低い投与熱量（Ｗ２以下）で酸化皮膜を除去できるため、金属間化合物の成長を抑えて厚さを薄く（ｔ２以下）することができ、高い接合強度（Ｐ１以上）を確保することができる。 In the bonding method of the present invention, since eutectic melting is used, the oxide film can be removed with a low dose of heat (W2 or less), so the growth of intermetallic compounds is suppressed and the thickness is reduced (t2 or less). And a high bonding strength (P1 or higher) can be ensured.
図３は、Ａｌ−Ｚｎ系２元状態図であって、図に示すようにＡｌ−Ｚｎ系における共晶点（Ｔ０）は、６５５Ｋであって、Ａｌの融点９３３Ｋよりもはるかに低い温度で共晶反応が生じる。したがって、図に示した共晶点を利用してＡｌとＺｎの共晶溶融を作り出し、接合時の酸化皮膜除去や相互拡散などの接合作用に利用することによって、低温接合が実施できるため、接合界面における金属間化合物の成長を極めて有効に抑制することができる。 FIG. 3 is an Al—Zn-based binary phase diagram. As shown in the figure, the eutectic point (T0) in the Al—Zn system is 655 K, which is much lower than the melting point 933 K of Al. A eutectic reaction occurs. Therefore, by using the eutectic point shown in the figure to create eutectic melting of Al and Zn, and using it for bonding actions such as oxide film removal and interdiffusion during bonding, low-temperature bonding can be performed. The growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface can be extremely effectively suppressed.
ここで、共晶溶融について説明する。共晶溶融とは共晶反応を利用した溶融で、２つの金属（又は合金）が相互拡散して生じた相互拡散域の組成が共晶組成となった場合に、保持温度が共晶温度以上であれば共晶反応により液相が形成される。例えばアルミニウムと亜鉛の場合、アルミニウムの融点は９３３Ｋ、亜鉛の融点は６９２．５Ｋであり、この共晶金属はそれぞれの融点より低い６５５Ｋにて溶融する。
したがって、両金属の清浄面を接触させ、６５５Ｋ以上に加熱保持すると反応が生じる。これを共晶溶融といい、Ａｌ−９５％Ｚｎが共晶組成となるが、共晶反応自体は合金成分に無関係な一定の変化であり、合金組成は共晶反応の量を増減するに過ぎない。
Here, eutectic melting will be described. Eutectic melting means melting using a eutectic reaction, and when the composition of the interdiffusion zone formed by mutual diffusion of two metals (or alloys) becomes a eutectic composition, the holding temperature is equal to or higher than the eutectic temperature. If so, a liquid phase is formed by the eutectic reaction. For example, in the case of aluminum and zinc, the melting point of aluminum is 933 K, the melting point of zinc is 692.5 K, and this eutectic metal melts at 655 K which is lower than the respective melting points.
Therefore, a reaction occurs when the clean surfaces of both metals are brought into contact and heated to 655K or higher. This is called eutectic melting, and Al-95% Zn has a eutectic composition, but the eutectic reaction itself is a constant change unrelated to the alloy components, and the alloy composition only increases or decreases the amount of eutectic reaction. Absent.
実際にはアルミニウム表面に酸化皮膜が存在するため、後述する実施例１に示すように、加圧や熱的な衝撃によってアルミニウムの塑性変形を生じさせて酸化皮膜を物理的に破壊する必要がある。これは材料表面の微視的な凸部同士が擦れ合って、その局所的な一部の酸化皮膜の破壊によりアルミニウムと亜鉛が接触した部分から共晶溶融が生じ、この液相の生成によって近傍の酸化皮膜が破砕、分解されてさらに共晶溶融が全面に拡がる反応の拡大によって、酸化皮膜破壊の促進と液相を介した接合が達成される。
共晶組成は相互拡散によって自発的達成されるため、組成のコントロールは必要ない。必須条件は２種の金属あるいは合金の間に、低融点の共晶反応が存在することであり、アルミニウムと亜鉛の共晶溶融の場合、亜鉛に代えてＺｎ−Ａｌ合金を用いる場合には、少なくとも亜鉛が９５％以上の組成でなければならない
Since an oxide film actually exists on the aluminum surface, as shown in Example 1 described later, it is necessary to cause the plastic film to be deformed by pressurization or thermal shock to physically destroy the oxide film. . This is because the microscopic projections on the surface of the material rub against each other, and eutectic melting occurs at the part where the aluminum and zinc are in contact with each other due to partial destruction of the oxide film. The oxide film is crushed and decomposed, and further expansion of the reaction in which eutectic melting spreads over the entire surface promotes the destruction of the oxide film and the joining via the liquid phase.
Since the eutectic composition is spontaneously achieved by interdiffusion, composition control is not necessary. The essential condition is that a low melting eutectic reaction exists between the two metals or alloys. In the case of eutectic melting of aluminum and zinc, when using Zn-Al alloy instead of zinc, The composition must be at least 95% zinc
本発明の異種金属の接合方法は、上記したように接合しようとする異種金属材料間に、これら材料と共晶反応を生じる第３の金属材料を介在させ、接合に際して共晶溶融を生じさせるようになすものであるが、第３の金属材料を被接合材料の間に介在させるための具体的手法としては、例えば当該第３の材料を被接合材料の少なくとも一方の接合面側にあらかじめ付着させた状態で他方の材料と重ね合わせて接合するようになすことができ、これによって第３の材料を異種金属材料間に挟み込む工程が不要となり、加工工数を削減して、作業効率を向上させることができる。 In the dissimilar metal joining method of the present invention, the third metal material that causes a eutectic reaction with these materials is interposed between the dissimilar metal materials to be joined as described above, and eutectic melting is caused at the time of joining. As a specific method for interposing the third metal material between the materials to be joined, for example, the third material is attached in advance to at least one joining surface side of the materials to be joined. In this state, it is possible to superimpose and join the other material, thereby eliminating the step of sandwiching the third material between different metal materials, reducing the number of processing steps and improving the work efficiency. Can do.
そして、上記第３の材料を被接合材料に付着させるには、被接合材料の少なくとも一方の材料の洗浄などによる清浄面に、例えばめっきや溶射、蒸着、被膜コーティングなどの手段によって被覆することも望ましく、これによって共晶反応によって溶融された被覆層が表面の不純物と共に接合部の周囲に排出された後に、被覆層の下から極めて清浄な新生面が現れることから、強固な接合が可能となる。 In order to adhere the third material to the material to be bonded, a clean surface obtained by cleaning or the like of at least one material of the material to be bonded may be coated by means such as plating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, or film coating. Desirably, after the coating layer melted by the eutectic reaction is discharged around the joint together with impurities on the surface, a very clean new surface appears from the bottom of the coating layer, so that strong bonding is possible.
本発明の異種金属の接合方法における被接合金属の具体的な組み合せとしては、例えば鋼材とアルミニウム合金材の組み合せを挙げることができ、このとき両材料の間に介在させる第３の金属材料としては、アルミニウム合金と低融点共晶を形成する材料でありさえすれば特に限定されることはなく、例えば、亜鉛（Ｚｎ）、銅（Ｃｕ）、錫（Ｓｎ）、銀（Ａｇ）、ニッケル（Ｎｉ）などを用いることができる。
すなわち、これら金属とＡｌとの共晶金属は、母材であるアルミニウム合金材の融点以下で溶融するため、脆弱な金属間化合物が生成し易い鋼材とアルミニウム合金材の接合においても、低温で酸化皮膜の除去ができ、接合過程での接合界面における金属間化合物の生成が抑制でき、強固な接合が可能になる。
As a specific combination of metals to be bonded in the method for bonding different metals of the present invention, for example, a combination of steel and aluminum alloy material can be mentioned, and as a third metal material interposed between the two materials at this time, As long as it is a material that forms a low melting point eutectic with an aluminum alloy, there is no particular limitation. For example, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni ) Etc. can be used.
That is, the eutectic metal of these metals and Al melts below the melting point of the aluminum alloy material, which is the base material, so that even when joining steel materials and aluminum alloy materials where fragile intermetallic compounds are easily formed, oxidation occurs at a low temperature. The film can be removed, the formation of intermetallic compounds at the bonding interface during the bonding process can be suppressed, and strong bonding becomes possible.
さらに本発明においては、第３の金属材料として、上記したような純金属に限定される必要はなく、共晶金属は２元合金も３元合金も存在するため、これらの少なくとも１種の金属を含む合金であってもよい。 Furthermore, in the present invention, the third metal material need not be limited to the pure metal as described above, and eutectic metal includes both binary alloys and ternary alloys, and therefore, at least one of these metals. An alloy containing may be used.
そして、上記した鋼材とアルミニウム合金材の異材接合に際しては、鋼材として、アルミニウム合金と低融点共晶を形成する第３の金属材料である亜鉛がその表面にあらかじめめっきされている、いわゆる亜鉛めっき鋼板を用いることができ、この場合には、特別な準備を要することもなく、防錆目的で亜鉛めっきを施した通常の市販鋼材をそのまま使用することができ、極めて簡便かつ安価に、強固な異種金属の接合が可能になる。 And in the dissimilar material joining of the above-mentioned steel material and aluminum alloy material, a so-called galvanized steel sheet in which zinc, which is a third metal material that forms a low melting point eutectic with an aluminum alloy, is pre-plated on the surface as the steel material. In this case, there is no need for special preparation, and ordinary commercial steel materials plated with galvanizing for the purpose of rust prevention can be used as they are. Metal bonding is possible.
本発明を自動車に適用する場合、被接合材は鋼材とアルミニウムとの組合せがほとんどであるが、将来的には鋼材とマグネシウム、あるいはアルミニウムとマグネシウムとの組合せが考えられる。
鋼材とマグネシウムとの接合に際しては、後述する実施例と同様に鋼材側にめっきした亜鉛とマグネシウムの間に共晶反応を生じさせて接合することが可能である。さらに、アルミニウムとマグネシウムを接合する場合においても、亜鉛や銀を第３の金属材料として利用することが可能である。
When the present invention is applied to an automobile, the material to be joined is mostly a combination of steel and aluminum, but in the future, a combination of steel and magnesium or aluminum and magnesium can be considered.
When joining the steel material and magnesium, it is possible to produce a eutectic reaction between zinc and magnesium plated on the steel material side in the same manner as in the examples described later. Further, even when aluminum and magnesium are joined, zinc or silver can be used as the third metal material.
なお、本発明の異種金属の接合方法における加熱手段、すなわち共晶溶融を起こさせる熱源については、接合界面の温度を精密にコントロールできるものである限り特に限定されるものではなく、例えば電子ビーム、レーザビーム、抵抗加熱、高周波加熱、摩擦加熱、炉内加熱などを用いることができる。
すなわち、電子ビーム溶接、レーザ溶接、抵抗スポット溶接、抵抗シーム溶接、高周波溶接などの溶融接合のみならず、摩擦撹拌接合、超音波接合、拡散接合などの固相接合にも適用することができ、従来から用いられている通常の熱源を用いることができるので、新たな設備を準備する必要もなく、コストアップを避けることができる。
Incidentally, the heating means in the bonding method of dissimilar metals of the present invention, that is, the heat source causing eutectic melting is not particularly limited as long as the temperature of the bonding interface can be precisely controlled, for example, an electron beam, Laser beam, resistance heating, high frequency heating, friction heating, furnace heating and the like can be used.
That is, it can be applied not only to fusion bonding such as electron beam welding, laser welding, resistance spot welding, resistance seam welding, high frequency welding, but also to solid phase bonding such as friction stir welding, ultrasonic bonding, diffusion bonding, Since a conventional heat source that has been conventionally used can be used, it is not necessary to prepare new equipment, and an increase in cost can be avoided.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これら実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, this invention is not limited at all by these Examples.
（実施例１）
図４（ａ）に示すように、その表面に、Ａｌと共晶を形成する第３の金属材料として機能する亜鉛めっき層１ｚが６μｍの厚さに施された厚さ０．５５ｍｍの亜鉛めっき鋼板１と、厚さ１ｍｍのアルミニウム合金板材２を準備した。
なお、アルミニウム合金板材２の表面には酸化皮膜２ｃが生成している。
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 4 (a), a zinc plating layer having a thickness of 0.55mm, in which a
Note that an
次に、図４（ｂ）に示すように、これら亜鉛めっき鋼板１とアルミニウム合金板材２を亜鉛めっき層１ｚと酸化皮膜２ｃとを合わせた状態に重ね、エアーシリンダにより一定圧力（５ＭＰａ）に加圧した状態で赤外線加熱炉によって７７３Ｋに加熱し、図４（ｃ）に示すように材料表面の微視的な接触部で局部的な酸化皮膜２ｃの破壊を生じさせる。
なお、ここでの加熱温度は６５５Ｋ以上にする必要があるため、７７３Ｋとした。
Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the galvanized steel sheet 1 and the
Note that the heating temperature here is 773K because it is necessary to set the heating temperature to 655K or more.
これによって、亜鉛とアルミニウムの局部的な接触が生じ、所定の温度状態に保持（７７３Ｋ）すると、図４（ｄ）に示すように、亜鉛とアルミニウムの共晶溶融金属３が生じる。
そして、この状態で両被接合材料１，２を押圧すると、共晶溶融金属３と共に酸化皮膜２ｃや接合界面の不純物などが接合部の外側に排出され、所定の接合面積が確保され、その結果、図４（ｅ）に示すように、アルミニウムと鋼の新生面同士が直接接合され、鋼板１とアルミニウム合金板材２の強固な金属接合が得られることが確認できた。
As a result, local contact between zinc and aluminum occurs, and when maintained at a predetermined temperature state (773 K), a eutectic molten metal 3 of zinc and aluminum is generated as shown in FIG.
Then, when both the materials to be bonded 1 and 2 are pressed in this state, the
この実施例では、接合後の接合界面には、亜鉛層が残存せず、アルミニウムと鋼の新生面同士の強固な直接接合が得られるが、これには所定の大きさの押圧が必要になると共に、亜鉛めっき鋼板１の亜鉛めっき層１ｚの厚さが共晶反応に全て消費される厚さであることが必要となる。
In this embodiment, the zinc layer does not remain at the bonded interface after bonding, and a strong direct bonding between the new surfaces of aluminum and steel is obtained, but this requires a predetermined amount of pressure. It is necessary that the thickness of the galvanized
１ 亜鉛めっき鋼板（金属材料）
１ｚ 亜鉛めっき層（第３の材料）
２ アルミニウム合金材（金属材料）
３ 共晶溶融金属
1 Galvanized steel sheet (metal material)
1z Zinc plating layer (third material)
2 Aluminum alloy material (metal material)
3 Eutectic molten metal
Claims (6)
これら両材料の間に、これら材料とは異なる金属から成る第３の材料を介在させ、
第３の材料と両材料の一方の材料の酸化皮膜とを合わせた状態に重ね、加圧した状態で上記一方の材料と第３の材料との共晶点以上、かつ上記両材料の融点よりも低い温度に保持することで、上記一方の材料の酸化皮膜の一部を破壊して第３の材料と局部接触させ、該接触部を起点として、一方の材料と第３の材料との間に生じた共晶溶融を拡大させて、接合界面の酸化皮膜を破壊し、接合界面から共晶溶融金属と共に上記酸化皮膜を排除して両材料の新生面同士を直接接合することを特徴とする異種金属の接合方法。 When joining different metal materials,
Between these two materials, a third material made of a metal different from these materials is interposed,
Overlaying the third material and the oxide film of one of the two materials together and pressurizing, the eutectic point of the one material and the third material is higher than the eutectic point of the one material and the melting point of both the materials. Is maintained at a low temperature to destroy a part of the oxide film of the one material and bring it into local contact with the third material, and between the one material and the third material starting from the contact portion. The eutectic melt generated in the material is expanded, the oxide film at the bonding interface is destroyed , the oxide film is removed together with the eutectic molten metal from the bonding interface, and the new surfaces of both materials are directly bonded to each other. Metal joining method.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004373381A JP4601052B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| US11/301,115 US7850059B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-12-13 | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| US12/944,417 US7984840B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2010-11-11 | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| US12/944,421 US8020749B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2010-11-11 | Dissimilar metal joining method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004373381A JP4601052B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Dissimilar metal joining method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006175502A JP2006175502A (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| JP4601052B2 true JP4601052B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
Family
ID=36730089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004373381A Active JP4601052B2 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Dissimilar metal joining method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4601052B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4868210B2 (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2012-02-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Bonding method of dissimilar materials |
| JP5044128B2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2012-10-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welding member for aluminum alloy and steel plate |
| JP4961532B2 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2012-06-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Method and apparatus for joining dissimilar metals |
| JP2008105087A (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Joining method of iron member with aluminum member, and iron-aluminum joined structure |
| JP5019163B2 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2012-09-05 | マツダ株式会社 | Friction spot joint structure |
| WO2008120428A1 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of joining and joining apparatus |
| JP5376391B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2013-12-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Dissimilar metal joining method and joining structure |
| US8058584B2 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2011-11-15 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Bonding method of dissimilar materials made from metals and bonding structure thereof |
| JP5186796B2 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2013-04-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Joining method and structure of dissimilar metals |
| JP2008264820A (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2008-11-06 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Structure and method for joining different kind metals |
| JP5165339B2 (en) * | 2007-10-27 | 2013-03-21 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Dissimilar metal joined body and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5495093B2 (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2014-05-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Joining method and structure of dissimilar metals |
| JP5326862B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2013-10-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Dissimilar metal joining method of magnesium alloy and steel |
| JP5618314B2 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2014-11-05 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Method for producing metal material and metal material |
| WO2010110476A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | Joint material and method of joining |
| JP5215986B2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-06-19 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Dissimilar material joint and dissimilar material joining method |
| KR101223906B1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2013-01-17 | 한국기계연구원 | Fabrication method of high strength aluminum alloy clad sheet using infrared radiation heat, and aluminum alloy clad sheet thereby |
| JP6016095B2 (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2016-10-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Joining method and joining parts |
| JP6003108B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2016-10-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Joining method and joining part manufacturing method |
| JP5424005B2 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-02-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Dissimilar metal joining method |
| JP5839242B2 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2016-01-06 | 株式会社 旭 | Method for producing composite metal material, method for producing mold and method for producing metal product |
| JP6213897B2 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-10-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Joining method |
| JP2018114536A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-26 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Joining method and joined body |
| EP3366406A1 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-29 | Outokumpu Oyj | Resistance welding of unweldable metals with thermal sprayed interlayers |
| JP6958099B2 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2021-11-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Join joint |
| JP7114029B2 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2022-08-08 | 富山県 | metal joining method |
| CN109093270B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-03-05 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Device and method for forming and manufacturing large-sized plate welding cabin body opening cover |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5662685A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-05-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Pressure welding method of base metal by using eutectic reaction |
| JPS59225893A (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Joining method of ti or ti alloy to al or al alloy |
| JPH04251676A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-09-08 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Method for resistance welding steel and aluminum material |
| JPH04319082A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1992-11-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of steel/aluminum clad plate material |
| JPH09122924A (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-05-13 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Resistance joining method between different materials |
| JP2000263243A (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-09-26 | Mazda Motor Corp | Metal welding method and metal joining structure |
| JP2002241962A (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-28 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | HOT DIP Zn-Al-Mg ALLOY PLATED STEEL SHEET AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR |
| JP2004122171A (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd | Apparatus and method for solid-phase welding of dissimilar metal sheets |
| JP2005230827A (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for liquid phase diffusion bonding of dissimilar metal sheet |
-
2004
- 2004-12-24 JP JP2004373381A patent/JP4601052B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5662685A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-05-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Pressure welding method of base metal by using eutectic reaction |
| JPS59225893A (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-18 | Hitachi Ltd | Joining method of ti or ti alloy to al or al alloy |
| JPH04251676A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-09-08 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Method for resistance welding steel and aluminum material |
| JPH04319082A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1992-11-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of steel/aluminum clad plate material |
| JPH09122924A (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-05-13 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Resistance joining method between different materials |
| JP2000263243A (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-09-26 | Mazda Motor Corp | Metal welding method and metal joining structure |
| JP2002241962A (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-28 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | HOT DIP Zn-Al-Mg ALLOY PLATED STEEL SHEET AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR |
| JP2004122171A (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd | Apparatus and method for solid-phase welding of dissimilar metal sheets |
| JP2005230827A (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for liquid phase diffusion bonding of dissimilar metal sheet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2006175502A (en) | 2006-07-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4601052B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method | |
| US8020749B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method | |
| JP5376391B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method and joining structure | |
| JP5326862B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method of magnesium alloy and steel | |
| JP4957093B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method | |
| JP5495093B2 (en) | Joining method and structure of dissimilar metals | |
| JP4961532B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for joining dissimilar metals | |
| JP2008105087A (en) | Joining method of iron member with aluminum member, and iron-aluminum joined structure | |
| JP2009000700A (en) | Different-mental joining method and joined sructure | |
| JP4961530B2 (en) | Method of joining dissimilar metals by resistance spot welding | |
| JP2008284570A (en) | Method and apparatus for joining different kinds of metal | |
| JP5051608B2 (en) | Method of joining dissimilar metals by resistance spot welding | |
| JP4905766B2 (en) | Method and structure for joining dissimilar metals by resistance welding | |
| JP5098792B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method of magnesium alloy and steel | |
| JP2007118059A (en) | Method and structure of welding different kind of metallic material | |
| JP5120864B2 (en) | Dissimilar materials joining method | |
| JP5186796B2 (en) | Joining method and structure of dissimilar metals | |
| JPH0639558A (en) | Resistance welding method of aluminum and steel | |
| JP4941876B2 (en) | Method and structure for joining dissimilar metals by resistance welding | |
| JP4836234B2 (en) | Dissimilar material joining method | |
| JP5071752B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method by resistance seam welding | |
| US11548091B2 (en) | Pretreatment of weld flanges to mitigate liquid metal embrittlement cracking in resistance welding of galvanized steels | |
| JP5077615B2 (en) | Resistance seam welding method and welded structure of dissimilar metals | |
| JP4962907B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method and joining structure | |
| JP5637655B2 (en) | Dissimilar metal joining method and joining structure of magnesium alloy and steel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20071128 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20091007 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20091020 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091218 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100127 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100326 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100604 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100728 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100927 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100927 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131008 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4601052 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |