JP4689845B2 - Screening method for batter mix for microwave heating - Google Patents
Screening method for batter mix for microwave heating Download PDFInfo
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- JP4689845B2 JP4689845B2 JP2001018550A JP2001018550A JP4689845B2 JP 4689845 B2 JP4689845 B2 JP 4689845B2 JP 2001018550 A JP2001018550 A JP 2001018550A JP 2001018550 A JP2001018550 A JP 2001018550A JP 4689845 B2 JP4689845 B2 JP 4689845B2
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Description
【0001】
【産業の属する技術分野】
本発明は、マイクロ波加熱用揚げ物バッターミックスのスクリーニング方法に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、電子レンジ等で加熱してもサクサク感が保持できる揚げ物を作ることができる揚げ物用素材のスクリーニング方法に関するものである。また、油で揚げることなく電子レンジ等で加熱するだけでサクサク感のある揚げ物様食品を作ることができる素材のスクリーニング方法に関するものである。なお、本発明において、「バッター」は流動状の揚げ物用生地、「バッターミックス」は加水してバッターにする前のミックス、「揚げ物様食品用素材」はバッターミックスまたはこれとパン粉を組み合わせたものを揚げ物様食品の衣用素材としたものをいう。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フライや天ぷらなどの揚げ物食品は家庭で食卓に上がることが多いが、近年、台所の油汚れ、調理による油酔い、油や器具の後始末の手間、また火災の危険などの理由により、家庭で油揚げ調理を行うことは敬遠される傾向にある。そこで、油で揚げることなくオーブン、オーブントースター、電子レンジ等の乾式加熱により、油で揚げたフライと同等のものができる調理法や素材が提案されている。
【0003】
例えば、パン粉に融点が10〜70℃の油脂をパン粉に対して10〜100重量%の割合で含浸又はコーティングすることを特徴とする電子レンジ用のフライ粉(特開平3−277245)。ローストパン粉、ロースト穀粉、高蛋白物質、蛋白凝固剤、及び油脂の混合物を造粒した唐揚げ粉ミックスを具材もしくは高蛋白質のバッターを付着させた具材に塗し電子レンジにて加熱することを特徴とする唐揚げ様食料品の製造法(特開昭57−129660)。加熱溶解した固形脂を介して、その他の穀粉含有物質及び/又は結合物質が被覆及び混存する構造を有する粒度7から20メッシュのパン粉を使用することを特徴とするベーキング用被覆調味料組成物(特開昭57−170135)。単糖類、オリゴ糖、デキストリン、プルラン、糖アルコール及び蛋白質加水分解物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の高粘稠性素材と蛋白質との混合物がパン粉の表面に付着していることを特徴とする加工パン粉(特開平8−228706)等が知られている。これらには、オーブンや電子レンジなどの乾式加熱でフライ様食品を作ることが記載されており、パン粉付けフライや唐揚げの場合、何れもパン粉に油を含有あるいはコーティングさせてあることが特徴で、油で揚げなくても良いというメリットがある。さらに、電子線を遮断する可食性物質を含有させる電子レンジ対応フライ製品(特開2000−316493)が提案されている。また、家庭では、油を含ませたパン粉を電子レンジやフライパンで加熱したものを小麦粉、卵の順に付けた肉に塗し電子レンジで加熱してフライ様食品を調理する方法も知られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記のような方法で、特に電子レンジを使用して調理を行うと、加熱中に肉が破裂してパン粉を飛び散らせてしまったり、また、十分に加熱しようとすると肉が加熱されすぎてボソボソした、肉本来のジューシさが失われたものになってしまうという問題があった。さらに、衣のパン粉に油が染み込んでいても肉から出る水分が衣に移行して食感がシナシナとなってしまい、揚げ物本来のサクサクした食感を再現しきれないという欠点があった。
本発明者らは、電子レンジ加熱に適したバッターミックスを提供するために鋭意研究した結果、揚げ物の具材や具材近傍の衣がマイクロ波で加熱されると、そこから出る水蒸気によって衣の外側がシナシナとなり好ましくないこと、さらに揚げ物らしいサクサクした食感を再現させるためには、油で揚げたときのように衣の外周部分が重点的に加熱される必要があることがわかった。この課題を解決するために、本発明者らはマイクロ波の吸収のされ方に着目し、衣の外周部分を重点的に加熱するために、バッターがマイクロ波を吸収しやすくすることが必要であることを見いだした。
マイクロ波を吸収しやすいバッターの組成を探るために、誘電損失率などの物質固有の値を測定するなどの方法が考えられるが、これを測定するためには専用の装置が必要である。また、実際のバッターへの熱のかかり方を直接表すことは困難である。さらに、バッターが加熱されるときの温度変化を直接測定する方法も試みたが、揚げ物食品の大きさや形が一定でないため、測定は困難であった。
そこで、温度を測定するために十分な量のバッターを用いてマイクロ波加熱し、その際の表面側と中心部の温度上昇速度の比率を測定することにより、揚げ物食品での温度変化をシュミレーションできることを見出し、さらに検討を重ねることによって本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0005】
本発明は、電子レンジ加熱に適したバッターミックスを提供することを目的としている。
また、本発明は、油で揚げることなく電子レンジ等で加熱するだけでサクサク感のある揚げ物様食品を作ることができる素材を提供することを目的としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、下記(1)により測定したマイクロ波加熱によるバッターの温度上昇速度の比が1.1以上15.0以下であるバッターミックスを選択することを特徴とするマイクロ波加熱用の揚げ物様食品製造用バッターミックスのスクリーニング方法を要旨としている。
記
(1)マイクロ波加熱によるバッターの表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比を測定するシミュレーション方法
バッター100gを200ml容(内径62mm)のビーカーに入れ、ビーカー上面から見て中心部分とビーカーの内壁から1mmの位置(表面側温度)にそれぞれビーカーの底面から10mmになるように温度計のセンサーを固定し、電子レンジのターンテーブルの最外周にビーカーを置き、40秒間加熱し、その間の温度変化を測定し上昇速度を算出し、下記の式より算出する。(算出した値は小数点第2位以下を四捨五入する。)
温度上昇速度の比=表面側温度上昇速度/中心部温度上昇速度
【0007】
上記の選択するバッターミックスは、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面の温度上昇速度が内部の温度上昇速度より大きく、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比が1.1以上15以下であることを特徴とする。
【0008】
上記の選択するバッターミックスは、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面の温度上昇速度が内部の温度上昇速度より大きく、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比が1.1以上15以下であることを特徴とし、具材に付着させマイクロ波加熱する揚げ物様食品用素材の製造に適している。
【0009】
上記の選択するバッターミックスは、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面の温度上昇速度が内部の温度上昇速度より大きく、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比が1.1以上15以下であることを特徴とし、具材に付着させ付着させ、その外側に油を含ませたパン粉を塗しマイクロ波加熱する揚げ物様食品用素材の製造に適している。
【0010】
また、上記の選択するバッターミックスは、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面の温度上昇速度が内部の温度上昇速度より大きく、マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比が1.1以上15以下であることを特徴とし、具材に付着させ、必要によりその外側に油を含ませたパン粉を塗し、マイクロ波加熱する揚げ物様食品用素材を用いるマイクロ波加熱用の揚げ物様食品の製造に適している。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のバッターミックス及び揚げ物様食品用素材について説明する。
《「温度上昇速度の比」の定義》
本発明はマイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面の温度上昇速度が内部の温度上昇速度よりも大きく、好ましくは表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比(以下、「温度上昇速度の比」と記す)が1.1以上15以下であるバッターミックスである。
温度上昇速度の比は、バッター100gを200ml容(内径62mm)のビーカーに入れ、ビーカー上面から見て中心部分とビーカーの内壁から1mmの位置(表面側温度)にそれぞれビーカーの底面から10mmになるように光ファイバー式温度計(安立計器製AMOTH FX8500)のセンサーをテフロン製の治具で固定し、電子レンジ(National NE−C50、出力500w)のターンテーブルの最外周にビーカーを置き、40秒間加熱し、その間の温度変化を測定し上昇速度を算出し、下記の式より算出した。(算出した値は小数点第2位以下を四捨五入した。)
温度上昇速度の比=表面側温度上昇速度/中心部温度上昇速度
【0012】
この温度上昇速度の比はバッターのマイクロ波の中心部への到達のし易さを表わしており、すなわち数値が大きい方が表面側でマイクロ波が吸収されて表面側が特異的に加熱できる。本発明ではこの特徴を揚げ物に利用できることを見いだした。
例えば肉などの具材を本発明のバッターで均一に覆った状態でマイクロ波加熱を行うと、マイクロ波はバッターの表面部分に吸収され、バッターを加熱し、▲1▼具材が加熱され過ぎてボソボソになることがない、▲2▼具材から過度の水蒸気などの水分を放出することがない、▲3▼油で揚げたときにおこる具材の蒸し焼き状態が電子レンジ加熱で再現できる、などの特徴がある。
この際、温度上昇速度の比が1.1より小さいとバッターでのマイクロ波の吸収が十分でなく具材が加熱されすぎて破裂や具材の劣化がおきてしまう。また、温度上昇速度の比が15より大きいと具材が十分加熱されにくくなってしまうため、具材を十分加熱するためには、加熱時間を長くするなど具材によって加熱度合を調整する必要がある。
【0013】
温度上昇速度の比をこの範囲にするために、例として、マイクロ波を吸収し易くさせる物質を適量バッターミックスに添加することがあげられる。マイクロ波を吸収し易くさせる物質として、具体的には水溶性の塩類、糖などがあげられる。特に、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、グルコン酸ナトリウムなどの添加によって効果的に目的を達成することができる。
【0014】
本発明のバッターミックスは、喫食時に電子レンジでマイクロ波加熱する揚げ物全般に適用することができ、衣揚げ様食品、パン粉付けフライ様食品のほか、天ぷらやフライの温め直し、冷凍フライ食品の解凍加熱などにも利用できる。
【0015】
本発明のバッターミックスからなるバッターを具材に付着させマイクロ波加熱することで、天ぷら、唐揚げなどの衣揚げ様食品を製造できる。
使用する衣の素材に制限はなく、通常の揚げ物用衣に用いる材料を用いることができる。また、特別な道具などを用意せず、通常用いる皿の上で加熱を行うことができる。さらに、▲1▼外観の面から、皿に具材を載せた時に具材に付着させたバッターが流れ出さないようにする、▲2▼簡便性の面から、短時間の加熱でバッターの水分をなくし衣状の組織を形成させる、▲3▼作業性の面から、バッターの粘りが強くなりすぎないようにすることが望ましい。
【0016】
バッターミックスの組成を適切に組み合わせることによってこれらの要件をみたし、より揚げ物らしいものを作ることができる。例えば、粉末蛋白や、増粘剤を添加してバッターの保形性を上げる、バッター調製時に油脂を添加した後に水を加え、極端に粘度が上がるのを防ぐ、膨張剤を適量添加し、レンジ加熱中に膨化して揚げ物らしい外観を呈するようにする、などの方法を組み合わせることが有効である。このようなバッターを調製し電子レンジでマイクロ波加熱することで、より揚げ物らしい揚げ物様食品を作ることができる。
【0017】
本発明のバッターミックスを具材に付着させ、その外側に油を含ませたパン粉を塗しマイクロ波加熱することにより、エビフライ、トンカツ、白身魚フライなどのパン粉付けフライ様食品を作ることができる。
この場合には、パン粉が揚げ物らしい外観を形成するため、バッターは通常のパン粉付けフライ用バッターの性質を備えていれば、バッターの保形性、外観を向上させるための工夫は特に必要ない。
パン粉付けフライ用のパン粉は、フライを油で揚げる工程を用いないため、あらかじめ油を含ませたパン粉を使用することが望ましい。油を含ませたパン粉の製造方法に特に制限はないが、例えば、パン粉を油で揚げて不要な油を除く方法、パン粉と油を混合しオーブン等で加熱焼成する方法、パン粉と油脂を混合する方法、等があげられる。
パン粉を加熱しないで用いる場合は、揚げ物らしい色合いを出すために、色素等で着色したパン粉などを使用してより揚げ物らしいものを作ることができる。パン粉への油脂の添加量は、好みに応じて適宜調整することができるが、パン粉の乾燥重量と同量程度の油脂を加えることによって油で揚げたものと同等の油分の揚げ物を作ることができる。また、添加する油脂を減らすことにより、油の摂取量が少ないヘルシーな揚げ物様食品を作ることができる。
パン粉に含ませる油脂は、食用の動植物用油脂であれば特に制限はないが、油の界面張力が6〜10mN/m(FACE社製PD−X界面張力計を用い80℃で測定)になるように乳化剤を添加すると、よりサクサクした、油ちょうした揚げ物と同様な好ましい食感の揚げ物様食品を作ることができる。
【0018】
【作用】
(1)電子レンジでマイクロ波加熱を行うと、水分が多い所にマイクロ波が集中して吸収されるため、肉にパン粉を塗したものの場合、水分が多い肉が重点的に加熱される。このために肉が局部的、特に肉の筋の部分が急速に加熱されすぎて破裂し、パン粉を飛び散らす。
(2)肉に加工したパン粉を直接塗すだけで済むいわゆるオールインワンタイプのパン粉を用いると具材に直接マイクロ波が吸収されるため、(1)と同様に破裂する頻度が高く、この際に肉から出る水の影響で衣のサクサク感が失われてしまう。
(3)小麦粉、卵を用いてパン粉を付着させたり、小麦粉等を主成分とする一般的なバッターを用いた場合でも、パン粉を付着させて電子レンジ調理する時の破裂を完全に抑えることはできない。
これらの原因はマイクロ波が肉などの具材に集中して吸収されることによると考えられる。マイクロ波加熱によるバッター表面の温度上昇速度が内部の温度上昇速度よりも大きく、好ましくはバッターの表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比が1.1以上15以下であるバッターミックスを使用することでマイクロ波を該バッター層に集中させて具材の急激な加熱を防ぐため、具材の破裂を抑制でき、さらに具材から出る水分の影響を抑え、サクサクした衣を得ることができる。また、このバッターミックスを使用して油揚げ調理を行って揚げ物を作り、そのまま、あるいは一度冷凍したものを電子レンジで加熱しても衣が重点的に加熱され、サクサクした食感を得ることができる。
【0019】
【実施例】
本願発明の詳細を実施例で説明する。本願発明はこれら実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
【0020】
実施例1〜4、比較例1
《冷凍コロッケのマイクロ波加熱》
表1に示すバッター材料をよく混合し均一に分散させたものについて温度上昇速度の比を前述の方法で求めた。
茹でたジャガイモをマッシュし、直径6cm高さ1.5cmに成形しパテを作った。このパテに表1の組成で作ったバッターを均一に付着させた。その表面に乾燥パン粉を付着させ170℃に加熱したパーム油中で3分加熱し、直ちに−40℃の冷凍庫で凍結し、−18℃で保存し、冷凍コロッケを製造した。この冷凍コロッケ1つを耐熱皿にのせ電子レンジ(出力500w)で1分間加熱した。専門パネラーが、外観、食感の評価を行い、結果を表1に示した。
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
実施例1〜3では揚げ物として遜色のない製品を作ることができた。温度上昇速度比が高い実施例4では衣部分が重点的に加熱され、具材に熱が伝わりにくいが加熱時間を30秒長くすることによって十分加熱され良好な製品が得られた。温度上昇速度比が低い比較例1ではマイクロ波が具材に重点的に吸収され、具材が加熱されて放出する水分でパン粉がシナシナになり良好な食感にはならなかった。
【0023】
実施例5〜8、比較例2
《天ぷら》
表2に示すバッター材料を良く混合し分散させたものについて温度上昇速度の比を前述の方法で求めた。
殻をむいたエビ2尾に、このバッターでエビを覆うようにつけ、耐熱皿にのせ電子レンジ(出力500w)で1分間加熱し、天ぷら様食品を製造した。その結果を表2に示した。
【0024】
【表2】
【0025】
実施例5〜7では揚げ物として遜色のない製品を作ることができた。温度上昇速度が高い実施例8ではバッターの外側が重点的に加熱され具材に熱が伝わりにくいが、加熱時間を30秒長くすることによって、具材が十分加熱され、良好な製品が得られた。温度上昇速度が低い比較例2ではマイクロ波が具材に重点的に吸収され、衣が十分に加熱されずに揚げ物のような衣にならず揚げ物様の食感を呈することができなかった。
【0026】
実施例9〜12、比較例3〜5
《トンカツ1》
表3に示すバッター材料をよく混合し分散させたものについて温度上昇速度の比を前述の方法で求めた。
豚ヒレ肉を30gに切り分けたもの2個の表面に、表3に示す組成で作ったバッターを均一に付着させ、その外側に乾燥パン粉70gに油脂30gの比で混合した「油を含ませたパン粉」を付着させ、耐熱皿に載せ、電子レンジ(出力500w)で2分間加熱し、トンカツ様食品を製造した。その結果を表3に示した。また、比較例4として、バッターの代わりに食塩、コショウをまぶして調味し、薄力小麦粉をつけ全卵液を付着させ、同様に油を含ませたパン粉を付着させトンカツ様食品を製造した。比較例5として油を含ませたパン粉100gに卵白粉30gを混合したものを肉に直接塗し同様に電子レンジで加熱しトンカツ様食品を製造した。
【0027】
【表3】
【0028】
実施例9〜11では揚げ物として遜色のない製品を作ることができた。温度上昇速度比が高い実施例12ではバッターの外側が重点的に加熱されて具材に熱が伝わりにくいため、加熱時間を1分間延長することによって具材が十分加熱され、実施例9〜11と同等のものを作ることができた。温度上昇速度比が低い比較例3、4、5ではマイクロ波が具材に重点的に吸収されるため、具材が加熱され放出する水分でパン粉がシナシナになり良好な食感にはならなかった。また、電子レンジで加熱中に肉が度々破裂し、電子レンジ庫内にパン粉が飛び散った。さらに、比較例4では食塩をまぶしても具材を均一に覆うことができないため、具材が部分的に加熱され、バッターに食塩を添加した時と同様の効果は得られなかった。
【0029】
実施例13〜15、比較例6,3
《トンカツ2》
表4に示すバッター材料をよく混合し分散させたものについて温度上昇速度の比を前述の方法で求めた。
豚ヒレ肉を30gに切り分けたもの2個の表面に、表4に示す組成で作ったバッターを均一になるように付着させ、その外側に別に用意した乾燥パン粉70gに油脂30gの比で混合した油を含ませたパン粉を付着させ、耐熱皿に載せ、電子レンジ(出力500w)で2分間加熱し、トンカツ様食品を製造した。その結果を表4に示した。
【0030】
【表4】
【0031】
実施例では揚げ物として遜色のない製品を作ることができた。温度上昇速度の比が低い比較例6、3ではマイクロ波が具材に重点的に吸収され、具材が加熱され放出する水分でパン粉がシナシナになり良好な食感にはならなかった。
【0032】
実施例16〜21
《エビフライ》パーム精製油に表5に示す乳化剤を添加し、乳化剤入り油を作り、80℃での界面張力をFACE社製PD−X界面張力計で測定し表5に示した。乾燥パン粉70gに乳化剤入り油を30g添加し良く混合し乳化剤入り油を染み込ませたパン粉を作った。殻をむいたエビ(ブラックタイガー)2尾に実施例10で使用したバッターを付着させ、乳化剤入り油を染み込ませたパン粉をその外側に付着させ、耐熱皿に載せ、電子レンジ(出力500w)で90秒間加熱し、エビフライ様食品を製造した。その結果を表5に示した。
【0033】
【表5】
【0034】
実施例16〜18は実施例19〜21に比べ衣のサクサク感がさらに増し、より良好なエビフライ様食品を作ることができた。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
電子レンジで加熱しても、具材が破裂して、パン粉が飛び散ったり、具材の加熱が不十分になることなく、外観がからっとして揚げ物らしく、サクサク感のある食感の揚げ物様食品を得ることができる素材を提供することができる。[0001]
[Technical field to which industry belongs]
The present invention relates to a screening method for fried food batter mix for microwave heating. In more detail, this invention relates to the screening method of the raw material for deep-fried food which can make the deep-fried food which can maintain a crispy feeling even if it heats with a microwave oven etc. In addition, the present invention relates to a screening method for a material that can make a fried food-like food with a crisp feeling just by heating in a microwave oven or the like without being fried in oil. In the present invention, “batter” is a fluid dough for fried food, “batter mix” is a mix before water is added to batter, “fried food-like material” is batter mix or a combination of this and bread crumbs Is used as a material for clothing of fried foods.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fried foods such as fried and tempura often go up to the table at home, but in recent years due to reasons such as oil stains in the kitchen, oil sickness due to cooking, the trouble of cleaning oil and utensils, and the risk of fire at home, Fried cooking tends to be avoided. Then, the cooking method and raw material which can make the thing equivalent to the fried in oil by dry heating, such as an oven, an oven toaster, and a microwave oven, without fried with oil are proposed.
[0003]
For example, frying powder for microwave ovens characterized by impregnating or coating bread crumbs with fats and oils having a melting point of 10 to 70 ° C. at a ratio of 10 to 100% by weight with respect to bread crumbs (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-277245). Applying a mixture of roasted bread flour, roasted flour, high protein substance, protein coagulant, and a mixture of fats and fats to ingredients or ingredients with high protein batter attached and heating in a microwave oven A method for producing a deep-fried food product characterized by the above (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-129660). Coated seasoning composition for baking characterized by using bread crumbs having a particle size of 7 to 20 mesh having a structure in which other flour-containing substances and / or binding substances are coated and mixed through solid fat dissolved by heating ( JP-A-57-170135). A mixture of at least one high-viscosity material selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, dextrin, pullulan, sugar alcohol and protein hydrolyzate and protein is attached to the surface of bread crumbs Processed bread crumbs (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-228706) are known. These describe that fried foods are made by dry heating such as in an oven or a microwave oven. In the case of fried bread or deep-fried bread, both are characterized in that the bread crumb contains oil or is coated. There is a merit that it is not necessary to fry in oil. Furthermore, a microwave-friendly fried product containing an edible substance that blocks an electron beam (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-316493) has been proposed. In addition, at home, there is also known a method of cooking fried foods by applying oiled bread crumbs heated in a microwave oven or frying pan to flour and egg meat and heating them in a microwave oven. .
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when cooking with the above method, especially using a microwave oven, the meat ruptures during heating and the bread crumbs splatter, and if you try to heat enough, the meat is heated too much There was a problem that the original juiciness of the meat was lost. In addition, even if oil is soaked in the bread crumbs of the clothing, the moisture from the meat is transferred to the clothing and the texture becomes crisp, which makes it impossible to reproduce the original crispy texture of fried food.
As a result of diligent research to provide a batter mix suitable for microwave heating, the present inventors have found that the ingredients of the fried food and the clothes in the vicinity of the ingredients are heated by microwaves, and the steam of the clothes causes the clothes to be heated. It was found that the outer side was unpleasant and unfavorable, and in order to reproduce the crunchy texture that seems to be deep-fried, the outer periphery of the garment needed to be heated heavily like when fried in oil. In order to solve this problem, the present inventors focused on how microwaves are absorbed, and it is necessary for batters to easily absorb microwaves in order to focus on the outer periphery of the garment. I found something.
In order to find the composition of a batter that easily absorbs microwaves, a method such as measuring a value specific to a substance such as a dielectric loss rate is conceivable. In order to measure this, a dedicated device is required. In addition, it is difficult to directly express how heat is actually applied to the batter. Furthermore, although a method of directly measuring the temperature change when the batter is heated was attempted, the measurement was difficult because the size and shape of the fried food were not constant.
Therefore, it is possible to simulate the temperature change in fried foods by microwave heating using a batter with a sufficient amount to measure the temperature and measuring the ratio of the temperature rise rate between the surface side and the center at that time As a result, the present invention has been completed.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to provide a batter mix suitable for microwave heating.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a material that can make a fried food-like food with a crisp feeling just by heating in a microwave oven or the like without frying in oil.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention selects a batter mix in which the ratio of the batter temperature increase rate by microwave heating measured by (1) below is 1.1 or more and 15.0 or less. The gist is the screening method for batter mix for food production .
Record
(1) A simulation method for measuring the ratio of the temperature rise rate of the batter surface to the inside by microwave heating
Put 100g of batter in a 200ml beaker (inner diameter: 62mm), and put thermometer sensor at 10mm from the bottom of the beaker at the center part and 1mm from the inner wall of the beaker (surface temperature) as seen from the top of the beaker. The beaker is placed on the outermost periphery of the turntable of the microwave oven, heated for 40 seconds, the temperature change during that time is measured, the rising speed is calculated, and the following formula is calculated. (The calculated value is rounded off to one decimal place.)
Ratio of temperature rise rate = surface side temperature rise rate / center temperature rise rate
In the batter mix to be selected, the temperature increase rate of the batter surface by microwave heating is larger than the internal temperature increase rate, and the ratio of the batter surface and internal temperature increase rate by microwave heating is 1.1 to 15 It is characterized by that .
[0008]
In the batter mix to be selected, the temperature increase rate of the batter surface by microwave heating is larger than the internal temperature increase rate, and the ratio of the batter surface and internal temperature increase rate by microwave heating is 1.1 to 15 It is suitable for production of fried food-like food materials that are attached to ingredients and microwave heated .
[0009]
In the batter mix to be selected, the temperature increase rate of the batter surface by microwave heating is larger than the internal temperature increase rate, and the ratio of the batter surface and internal temperature increase rate by microwave heating is 1.1 to 15 It is suitable for the production of a fried food-like food material that is made to adhere to and adhere to ingredients , and is coated with bread crumbs containing oil on the outside and heated by microwaves .
[0010]
In addition, the batter mix to be selected is such that the batter surface temperature rise rate by microwave heating is larger than the internal temperature rise rate, and the ratio of the batter surface to internal temperature rise rate by microwave heating is 1.1 to 15 and characterized in that, by adhering to the ingredients, and coating the crumbs moistened with oil on the outside if necessary, in the preparation of fried-like food for microwave heating using a material for fried like food microwave heating Is suitable.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The batter mix and fried food-like food material of the present invention will be described.
<< Definition of "ratio of temperature rise rate">>
In the present invention, the temperature increase rate of the batter surface by microwave heating is larger than the internal temperature increase rate, and preferably the ratio between the surface and the internal temperature increase rate (hereinafter referred to as “temperature increase rate ratio”) is 1. It is a batter mix that is 1 or more and 15 or less.
The ratio of the temperature rise rate is 10 mm from the bottom surface of the beaker by placing 100 g of batter in a 200 ml beaker (inner diameter: 62 mm), 1 mm from the center portion and the inner wall of the beaker (surface temperature) when viewed from the top surface of the beaker. Fix the sensor of an optical fiber thermometer (AMOTH FX8500 manufactured by Anritsu Keiki) with a Teflon jig, place a beaker on the outermost periphery of the turntable of a microwave oven (National NE-C50, output 500w), and heat for 40 seconds Then, the temperature change during that time was measured to calculate the rate of increase, and was calculated from the following formula. (The calculated value is rounded off to one decimal place.)
Ratio of temperature rise rate = surface side temperature rise rate / center temperature rise rate
The ratio of the temperature rise rate represents the ease with which the batter reaches the center of the microwave, that is, the larger the numerical value, the more the microwave is absorbed on the surface side, and the surface side can be heated specifically. The present invention has found that this feature can be used for deep-fried food.
For example, when microwave heating is performed with ingredients such as meat uniformly covered with the batter of the present invention, the microwave is absorbed by the surface portion of the batter, heating the batter, and (1) the ingredients are overheated. (2) Does not release excessive moisture such as water vapor from the ingredients, (3) The steamed state of ingredients when fried in oil can be reproduced by microwave heating, There are features such as.
At this time, if the ratio of the temperature increase rate is less than 1.1, the batter does not sufficiently absorb the microwave and the material is heated too much to cause rupture or deterioration of the material. Also, if the ratio of the temperature increase rate is greater than 15, the ingredients are not easily heated. Therefore, in order to sufficiently heat the ingredients, it is necessary to adjust the heating degree with the ingredients such as increasing the heating time. is there.
[0013]
In order to make the ratio of the temperature increase rate within this range, for example, an appropriate amount of a substance that makes it easy to absorb microwaves can be added to the batter mix. Specific examples of substances that facilitate microwave absorption include water-soluble salts and sugars. In particular, the purpose can be effectively achieved by adding sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium gluconate and the like.
[0014]
The batter mix of the present invention can be applied to all fried foods that are microwave-heated in the microwave during eating. In addition to fried foods, breaded fried foods, tempura and fried foods are reheated, and frozen fried foods are thawed. It can also be used for heating.
[0015]
Fried foods such as tempura and fried chicken can be produced by attaching a batter comprising the batter mix of the present invention to the ingredients and microwave heating.
There is no restriction | limiting in the raw material of the clothing to be used, The material used for the clothes for normal fried food can be used. Also, heating can be performed on a commonly used dish without preparing special tools. Furthermore, (1) From the aspect of appearance, prevent batter attached to the ingredients from flowing out when the ingredients are placed on the plate. (2) From the viewpoint of simplicity, the moisture of the batters can be heated in a short time. (3) From the viewpoint of workability, it is desirable that the stickiness of the batter does not become too strong.
[0016]
By properly combining the composition of the batter mix, these requirements can be met and a fried food-like product can be made. For example, powder protein and thickener are added to increase the shape retention of the batter, oil is added after batter preparation, water is added to prevent the viscosity from rising excessively, an appropriate amount of swelling agent is added, and a range is added. It is effective to combine methods such as expanding during heating to give a fried appearance. By preparing such a batter and microwave heating in a microwave oven, a deep-fried food-like food can be made.
[0017]
By attaching the batter mix of the present invention to the ingredients, applying bread crumbs containing oil on the outside and heating them with microwaves, it is possible to make bread-like fried foods such as fried shrimp, tonkatsu and white fish fries. .
In this case, since the bread crumbs form an appearance like a fried food, if the batter has the characteristics of a normal batter for frying bread, there is no particular need to improve the shape retention and appearance of the batter.
Bread crumbs for breading do not use a step of frying frying with oil, so it is desirable to use bread crumbs that are pre-impregnated with oil. There are no particular restrictions on the method of manufacturing the bread crumbs containing oil, but for example, the method of removing the unnecessary oil by frying the bread crumbs with oil, the method of mixing the bread crumbs and oil and baking them in an oven, etc., mixing the bread crumbs with fat And the like.
In the case where the bread crumb is used without being heated, the bread crumb colored with a pigment or the like can be used to make a deeper fried food in order to obtain a color like a fried food. The amount of fat and oil added to breadcrumbs can be adjusted according to taste, but by adding the same amount of fat and oil as the dry weight of breadcrumbs, it is possible to make deep-fried foods equivalent to those fried in oil. it can. Moreover, by reducing the fats and oils to be added, a healthy fried food-like food with less oil intake can be produced.
The fats and oils to be included in the bread crumbs are not particularly limited as long as they are edible fats and oils for animals and plants, but the interfacial tension of the oil is 6 to 10 mN / m (measured at 80 ° C. using a FACE PD-X interfacial tension meter). When the emulsifier is added as described above, a fried food-like food having a preferable texture similar to that of a deep-fried fried food can be produced.
[0018]
[Action]
(1) When microwave heating is performed in a microwave oven, microwaves are concentrated and absorbed in a place where there is a lot of moisture. Therefore, in the case of meat coated with bread crumbs, meat with a lot of moisture is preferentially heated. For this reason, the meat is localized, especially the meat streak is heated too quickly and bursts, splattering the crumbs.
(2) When using so-called all-in-one type bread crumbs, which only require direct application of bread crumbs processed into meat, microwaves are absorbed directly into the ingredients, so the frequency of bursting is high as in (1). The crispness of the clothing is lost due to the water from the meat.
(3) Even when using crumbs or eggs to attach breadcrumbs or using general batters with flour or other ingredients as the main ingredient, it is possible to completely suppress rupture when cooking with microwave ovens using breadcrumbs. Can not.
These causes are thought to be due to the microwaves being concentrated and absorbed in ingredients such as meat. By using a batter mix in which the temperature rise rate of the batter surface by microwave heating is larger than the internal temperature rise rate, preferably the ratio of the batter surface to the internal temperature rise rate is 1.1 or more and 15 or less. Since waves are concentrated on the batter layer to prevent rapid heating of the ingredients, the ingredients can be prevented from rupturing, and the influence of moisture from the ingredients can be suppressed, and a crisp clothing can be obtained. The batter mix can be used to make deep-fried fried foods, and the clothes can be preferentially heated even if heated in a microwave oven as it is or once frozen, and a crispy texture can be obtained. .
[0019]
【Example】
The details of the present invention will be described in Examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0020]
Examples 1-4, Comparative Example 1
<Microwave heating of frozen croquettes>
The ratio of the temperature rise rate was determined by the above-described method for those in which the batter materials shown in Table 1 were well mixed and uniformly dispersed.
Boiled potatoes were mashed and molded to a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 1.5 cm to make a putty. A batter made of the composition shown in Table 1 was uniformly attached to the putty. The bread crumbs were attached to the surface and heated in palm oil heated to 170 ° C. for 3 minutes, immediately frozen in a −40 ° C. freezer, and stored at −18 ° C. to produce a frozen croquette. One frozen croquette was placed on a bakeware and heated in a microwave oven (output 500 w) for 1 minute. A specialized panelist evaluated the appearance and texture, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0021]
[Table 1]
[0022]
In Examples 1 to 3, a product comparable to fried food could be made. In Example 4 where the temperature rise rate ratio was high, the clothing part was preferentially heated, and it was difficult for heat to be transmitted to the ingredients, but it was sufficiently heated by increasing the heating time by 30 seconds to obtain a good product. In Comparative Example 1 where the temperature rise rate ratio is low, the microwaves were absorbed mainly by the ingredients, and the bread crumbs became crisp due to the moisture released when the ingredients were heated, and the texture was not good.
[0023]
Examples 5-8, Comparative Example 2
"tempura"
The ratio of the temperature rise rate was determined by the above-described method for those in which the batter materials shown in Table 2 were well mixed and dispersed.
The shrimp was put on two shelled shrimps so that they were covered with this batter, and placed on a heat-resistant dish and heated in a microwave oven (output 500 w) for 1 minute to produce a tempura-like food. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
[Table 2]
[0025]
In Examples 5-7, an inferior product could be made as fried food. In Example 8 where the temperature rise rate is high, the outside of the batter is preferentially heated and the heat is not easily transmitted to the ingredients, but by increasing the heating time by 30 seconds, the ingredients are sufficiently heated and a good product is obtained. It was. In Comparative Example 2 where the rate of temperature rise was low, microwaves were absorbed predominantly by the ingredients, and the clothes were not sufficiently heated so that they did not become clothes like a fried food, and a fried food-like texture could not be exhibited.
[0026]
Examples 9-12, Comparative Examples 3-5
"Tonkatsu 1"
The ratio of the temperature increase rate was determined by the above-described method for those in which the batter materials shown in Table 3 were well mixed and dispersed.
A batter made of the composition shown in Table 3 was uniformly attached to two surfaces of pork fillet cut into 30 g, and the outer side was mixed with 70 g of dried bread crumbs in a ratio of 30 g of fat and oil. The bread crumbs were attached, placed on a heat-resistant dish, and heated for 2 minutes in a microwave oven (output 500 w) to produce a tonkatsu-like food. The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, as Comparative Example 4, seasoning was performed by spraying salt and pepper instead of batter, and the whole egg liquid was attached with thin wheat flour, and the bread crumbs containing oil were similarly attached to produce a tonkatsu-like food. As Comparative Example 5, a mixture of 100 g of bread crumbs containing oil and 30 g of egg white powder was directly applied to the meat and similarly heated in a microwave to produce a tonkatsu-like food.
[0027]
[Table 3]
[0028]
In Examples 9 to 11, it was possible to produce an inferior product as fried food. In Example 12 where the temperature increase rate ratio is high, the outside of the batter is intensively heated and the heat is not easily transmitted to the material, so that the material is sufficiently heated by extending the heating time for 1 minute, and Examples 9 to 11 I was able to make the equivalent. In Comparative Examples 3, 4 and 5 where the temperature rise rate ratio is low, microwaves are absorbed mainly by the ingredients, so the bread crumbs become crisp with the moisture that the ingredients are heated and released, and the texture is not good. It was. In addition, the meat often burst during heating in the microwave, and the bread crumbs splattered in the microwave oven. Further, in Comparative Example 4, even when salt was applied, the ingredients could not be covered uniformly, so the ingredients were partially heated and the same effect as when adding salt to the batter was not obtained.
[0029]
Examples 13-15, Comparative Examples 6, 3
"Tonkatsu 2"
The ratio of the temperature increase rate was determined by the above-described method for those in which the batter materials shown in Table 4 were well mixed and dispersed.
A batter made with the composition shown in Table 4 was uniformly attached to two surfaces of pork fillet cut into 30 g, and mixed with 70 g of dry bread crumb prepared separately outside at a ratio of 30 g of fat and oil. The bread crumbs containing oil were attached, placed on a heat-resistant dish, and heated for 2 minutes in a microwave oven (output 500 w) to produce a tonkatsu-like food. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0030]
[Table 4]
[0031]
In the example, an inferior product could be made as fried food. In Comparative Examples 6 and 3 where the ratio of the temperature increase rate is low, the microwaves were absorbed mainly by the ingredients, and the bread crumbs became crisp with the moisture heated and released, and the food texture did not become good.
[0032]
Example 1 6-21
<< Shrimp Fried >> The emulsifier shown in Table 5 was added to the palm refined oil to make an oil containing an emulsifier, and the interfacial tension at 80 ° C. was measured with a PD-X interfacial tension meter manufactured by FACE and shown in Table 5. 30 g of oil containing an emulsifier was added to 70 g of dry bread crumb and mixed well to prepare bread crumb soaked with oil containing emulsifier. Attach the batter used in Example 10 to 2 shelled shrimps (black tiger), attach the bread crumb soaked with oil containing emulsifier on the outside, place it on a heat-resistant dish, and use a microwave oven (output 500w) Shrimp-like food was produced by heating for 90 seconds. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0033]
[Table 5]
[0034]
In Examples 16 to 18, the crispness of the clothes was further increased compared to Examples 19 to 21, and a better fried shrimp-like food could be produced.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
Even when heated in a microwave oven, the ingredients rupture, the bread crumbs scatter, the ingredients are not heated enough, the appearance looks fried and the food is crispy and has a crispy texture Can be provided.
Claims (1)
記Record
(1)マイクロ波加熱によるバッターの表面と内部の温度上昇速度の比を測定するシミュレーション方法(1) A simulation method for measuring the ratio of the temperature rise rate of the batter surface to the inside by microwave heating
バッター100gを200ml容(内径62mm)のビーカーに入れ、ビーカー上面から見て中心部分とビーカーの内壁から1mmの位置(表面側温度)にそれぞれビーカーの底面から10mmになるように温度計のセンサーを固定し、電子レンジのターンテーブルの最外周にビーカーを置き、40秒間加熱し、その間の温度変化を測定し上昇速度を算出し、下記の式より算出する。(算出した値は小数点第2位以下を四捨五入する。)Put 100g of batter in a 200ml beaker (inner diameter 62mm), and set the thermometer sensor to 10mm from the bottom of the beaker at the position 1mm from the center and the inner wall of the beaker (surface side temperature) as seen from the top of the beaker. The beaker is placed on the outermost periphery of the turntable of the microwave oven, heated for 40 seconds, the temperature change during that time is measured, the rising speed is calculated, and the following formula is calculated. (The calculated value is rounded off to one decimal place.)
温度上昇速度の比=表面側温度上昇速度/中心部温度上昇速度Ratio of temperature rise rate = surface side temperature rise rate / center temperature rise rate
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US7038182B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-05-02 | Robert C. Young | Microwave oven cooking process |
JP2008104400A (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-08 | Trust Foods Co Ltd | Roasted bread crumb containing oil and fat, and method for producing the same |
JP6043082B2 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2016-12-14 | 昭和産業株式会社 | Burst suppression material during microwave cooking and food burst prevention method during microwave cooking |
JP5990457B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-09-14 | 昭和産業株式会社 | Bread crumbs for microwave cooking |
KR101406976B1 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2014-06-13 | 대상 주식회사 | Composition of Batter Mix for Microwave |
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JPS63317056A (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1988-12-26 | Taiyo Fishery Co Ltd | Production of refrigerated fried food |
JPH0947247A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-18 | Kao Corp | Batter for frying and production of fried food |
JPH10327773A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-15 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Cooked food for heating with microwave oven |
JP2000316493A (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2000-11-21 | Snow Brand Food Co Ltd | Fried product for electronic oven and its production |
-
2001
- 2001-01-26 JP JP2001018550A patent/JP4689845B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63317056A (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1988-12-26 | Taiyo Fishery Co Ltd | Production of refrigerated fried food |
JPH0947247A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-18 | Kao Corp | Batter for frying and production of fried food |
JPH10327773A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-15 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Cooked food for heating with microwave oven |
JP2000316493A (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2000-11-21 | Snow Brand Food Co Ltd | Fried product for electronic oven and its production |
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JP2002218931A (en) | 2002-08-06 |
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