JP4685452B2 - Actriib融合ポリペプチドおよびその使用 - Google Patents
Actriib融合ポリペプチドおよびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4685452B2 JP4685452B2 JP2004548352A JP2004548352A JP4685452B2 JP 4685452 B2 JP4685452 B2 JP 4685452B2 JP 2004548352 A JP2004548352 A JP 2004548352A JP 2004548352 A JP2004548352 A JP 2004548352A JP 4685452 B2 JP4685452 B2 JP 4685452B2
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- actriib
- fusion polypeptide
- actriib fusion
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- seq
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Description
本願の技術分野は、増殖分化因子−8(growth and differentiation factor−8)(GDF−8)(可溶性形態のアクチビンII型レセプター、およびそのフラグメントを含む)のインヒビター、特に、インビボでGDF−8活性を阻害するインヒビターに関する。この分野は、さらに、筋肉、骨、またはグルコースホメオスタシスの変性疾患を診断、予防、または処置するための方法に関する。
TGF−βファミリーは、多数の構造関連増殖因子であり、そのすべてが生理学的に重要な増殖調節特性および形態形成特性を有する(Kingsleyら()1994)Genes Dev.、8:133−146;Hoodlessら(1998)Curr.Topics Microbiol.Immunol.、228:235−272)。これらの因子としては、骨形成タンパク質(BMP)、アクチビン、インヒビン、ミューラー阻害物質、グリア誘導神経栄養性因子、およびなお増え続けている増殖分化因子(GDF)(例えば、GDF−8)が挙げられる。これらのタンパク質の多くは、高度に相同性である。例えば、ヒトBMP−11(GDF−11としてもまた公知)は、アミノ酸レベルでGDF−8に対して90%同一である(Gamerら(1999)Dev.Biol.208:222−232;http://www.ronmyrick.comNakashimaら(1999)Mech.Dev.80:185−189)。
筋変性障害および骨変性障害を処置するための方法が、本明細書中で提供される。この方法はまた、健常な動物において骨量および骨密度を増加させるのに有用である。
以下の表は、本明細書中で称される配列についての参照として提供される。
(I.定義)
用語「ActRIIB」とは、GDF−8に特異的に結合し得るアクチビンII型レセプターまたはそのフラグメントの任意の異性体をいう。この用語は、起源、生成方法、およびActRIIBの他の特性のうちのいかなる特定の種にも限定されない。この用語は、組換え生成されたActRIIBまたはそのフラグメントを包含し、そして特に、ヒトActRIIBのGDF−8結合ドメインを包含する。この用語はまた、ActRIIBの対立遺伝子およびスプライス改変体、それらの相同体、ならびに導入された変異(置換、付加、および欠失)を含むそれらのオルソログおよび配列を包含する。
約65〜70℃で4×塩化ナトリウム/クエン酸ナトリウム(SSC)中でのハイブリダイゼーション、または約42〜50℃で4×SSC + 50%ホルムアミド中でのハイブリダイゼーション、その後、
約65〜70℃で1×SSCにおける1回以上の洗浄。
例えば、ナイロン膜を使用する場合、ストリンジェントなハイブリダイゼーション条件のさらなる非限定的な例は以下である:
約65℃で0.25〜0.5M NaH2PO4、7%SDS中でのハイブリダイゼーション、その後、
65℃で0.02M NaH2PO4、1%SDSでの1回以上の洗浄。
例えば、Churchら(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.81:1991−1995を参照のこと。さらなる試薬(例えば、ブロック化剤(BSAまたはサケ精子DNA)、洗浄剤(SDS)、キレート化剤(EDTA)、Ficoll、PVPなど)が、ハイブリダイゼーション緩衝液および/または洗浄緩衝液に添加され得ることが理解される。
本発明は、GDF−8に結合し、インビトロおよび/またはインビボでその活性を阻害する改変アクチビンII型レセプターを提供する。特に、ここで開示されるActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは、骨格筋質量および骨密度のネガティブな調節と関連するGDF−8活性を阻害する。本発明のActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは、治療的用途(例えば、延長された循環半減期および/またはタンパク質分解からの改善された保護)に対してそれらを適切にする薬理学的特性を有する。
本開示は、本発明の方法に使用され得る可溶性ActRIIBをコードする単離された核酸を提供する。本発明の核酸は、本明細書中に開示される本発明の少なくとも一つのActRIIB融合ポリペプチドに対するコード配列を含む。特定の実施形態において、この核酸は、この配列を含むか、または配列番号4に示される配列に由来する。他の特定の実施形態において、この核酸配列は、配列番号3のアミノ酸約23〜アミノ酸約138のアミノ酸配列または配列番号1のアミノ酸約19〜アミノ酸約134のアミノ酸配列をコードするような核酸配列である。
本発明のなお別の局面は、筋肉および骨の障害の処置において有用な治療剤を同定する方法を提供する。適切なスクリーニングアッセイ(例えば、ELISAベースのアッセイ)は、当該分野で公知である。このようなスクリーニングアッセイにおいて、第1の結合混合物は、ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドおよびリガンド(例えば、GDF−8、BMP−11、アクチビン)を結合することによって形成される;その第1の結合混合物(M0)における結合の量が測定される。第2の結合混合物もまた、ActRIIB融合ポリペプチド、そのリガンド、およびそのスクリーニングされるべき化合物もしくは薬剤を合わせることによって形成され、第2の結合混合物(M1)における結合の量が、測定される。その第1の混合物および第2の混合物における結合の量は、次いで、例えば、そのM1/M0比を計算することによって比較される。その化合物または薬剤は、第1の結合混合物と比較して、その第2の結合混合物における結合の減少が観察される場合、ActRIIB媒介性細胞シグナル伝達を阻害し得ると考えられる。結合混合物の処方および最適化は、当該分野の技術水準内であり、このような結合混合物はまた、結合を増強または最適化するために必要な緩衝液および塩を含み得、さらなるコントロールアッセイは、本発明のスクリーニングアッセイにおいて含められ得る。
本開示のActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは可溶性であり、その融合ポリペプチドを治療剤として適切にする(すなわち、動物(特に、ヒト)における種々の医学的障害を予防、診断または処置するために有用にする)薬物動態特性を有する。特定の実施形態において、そのActRIIB融合ポリペプチドの循環半減期は、5日、7日、10日または14日を超える。
タンパク質の存在またはレベルを病状と関連付けることによって、当業者は、関連する病状を診断し得る。本明細書で開示されるActRIIB融合ポリペプチドによって診断され得る病状は、上記で示されている。
本発明は、患者に対する投与のために適切な組成物を提供する。組成物は、代表的には、本発明の1以上のActRIIB融合ポリペプチド、および薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤を含む。本明細書中で使用される場合、句「薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤」とは、薬学的投与に適合する任意およびすべての溶媒、分散媒、コーティング、抗菌剤および抗真菌剤、等張性遅延剤および吸収遅延剤などをいう。薬学的に活性な物質に対するこのような媒体および薬剤の使用は、当該分野で周知である。組成物はまた、補足的治療機能、付加的治療機能、または増強された治療機能を提供する他の活性化合物を含み得る。薬学的組成物はまた、投与のための指示書と共に、容器、パック、またはディスペンサーに含まれ得る。
スプレー、吸入器、または坐薬を通して達成され得る。経皮投与のために、活性化合物は、一般的に当該分野で公知のような軟膏(ointment)、軟膏(salves)、ゲル、またはクリームに処方される。経粘膜投与または経皮投与のために、浸透されるべきバリアーに適切な浸透物が、処方物中で使用される。このような浸透物は、当該分野で公知であり、例えば、洗浄剤、胆汁酸塩、およびフシジン酸誘導体が挙げられる。
組換えヒトGDF−8タンパク質(成熟GDF−8およびGDF−8プロペプチド)を発現する選択された細胞株に由来する馴化培地をpH6.5に酸性化し、80×50mm POROSTM HQ陰イオン交換カラム、直列に、80×50mm PORTOSTM SP陽イオン交換かラム(PerSeptive Biosystems,Foster City,CA)にアプライした。そのフロースルーを、pH5.0に調節し、75×20mm POROSTM SP陽イオン交換かラム(PerSeptive Biosystems)にアプライし、TFA/アセトニトリル勾配で溶出した。SDS−PAGEによって確認されるそのGDF−8潜在性複合体を含む画分を、プールし、トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)でpH2〜3に酸性化し、次いで、0.1 % TFAで200mlにして、粘度を低くした。そのプールを、次いで、applied to a 60×21.2mmガードカラム(Phenomenex)を付けた250×21.2mm C5カラム(Phenomenex,Torrance,CA)にアプライし、TFA/アセトニトリル勾配で溶出して、成熟GDF−8をGDF−8プロペプチドから分離した。成熟GDF−8を含む画分を、凍結乾燥によって濃縮して、アセトニトリルを除去し、20mlの0.1% TFAを添加した。そのサンプルを、次いで、分離を補助するために60℃に加熱した250×10mm C5カラム(Phenomenex)にアプライした。これを、もはやさらなる分離が達成することができなくなるまで繰り返した。成熟GDF−8を含む画分を、次いで、プールし、40% アセトニトリルにして、60×21.2ガードカラムを付けた600×21.2 BioSepTM S−3000サイズ排除カラム(Phenomenex)にアプライした。精製成熟GDF−8を含む画分およびGDF−8プロペプチドを含む画分を、別個にプールし、その後の実験における使用のために濃縮した。
50μgの各精製成熟GDF−8および精製GDF−8プロペプチドを混合し、50mM リン酸ナトリウム(pH7.0)に透析し、300×7.8mm BioSepTM S−3000サイズ排除カラム(Phenomenex)でクロマトグラフィー分離した。その成熟GDF−8/プロペプチド複合体の分子量を、同じカラムでクロマトグラフィー分離した分子量標準(Bio−Rad Laboratories,Hercules,CA)を用いて、溶出時間から決定した。
全長ヒトActRIIB cDNAを、細胞外ドメイン(そのシグナルペプチドをコードする配列を除く)をPCRクローニングするために使用した。使用したそのプライマーは、SpeI(5’)およびNotI(3’)部位に隣接していた。PCR増幅後に、このPCRフラグメントを、その発現プラスミドpHTop−HBML/EKFcのSpel/NotI部位にクローニングした。そのオープンリーディングフレームは、以下をコードする:ミツバチメチリンリーダー(配列番号3のアミノ酸1〜21);ヒトActRIIB細胞外ドメイン(配列番号3のアミノ酸23〜138);エンテロキナーゼ切断部位(DDDK、配列番号6);およびヒトIgG、Fcフラグメント(配列番号3のアミノ酸148〜378)。そのSpeI部位の挿入の結果として、その配列においてThr−22が付加された。
馴化培地から濃縮した原材料を、rProtein A Sephadex Fast FlowTM(XK26/4.5cm、23.8ml;Pharmacia,Piscataway,NJ)によって、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーによって以下のように決定した場合、99%純粋にまで精製した。凍結した馴化培地を、37℃の水浴で融解し、0.22μmフィルタを通して濾過した。その濾過した溶液の4部を、1部のプロテインAローディング緩衝液(0.65M Na2SO4、20mM クエン酸ナトリウム、20mM ホウ酸、20mM Na2HPO4、pH9.0)と混合し、それを、そのプロテインAカラムに室温で流した。ActRIIB−Fcを、プロテインA溶出緩衝液(0.15M NaCl、20mM クエン酸、pH2.5)を用いて勾配またはpH約4〜5に段階的に上げることによって、そのカラムから溶出し、そのピークを集め、26%中和緩衝液(0.05M Na2HPO4、0.15M NaCl,pH7.2)を添加することによって、pH7.0に中和した。その画分を、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーおよびSDS−PAGEによって評価し、次いで、プールし、4℃で保存した。その精製タンパク質を、Sephadex G−25脱塩カラム(XK50/13.4cm、236ml、Pharmacia)によって、PBSへ処方し、次いで、0.22μmフィルタを通して濾過し、4℃で保存した。
そのGDF−8潜在的複合体を、20モルのEZ−linkTMSulfo−NHS−Biotin(Pierce Chemical,カタログ番号21217):1モルのGDF−8複合体の比で、2時間、氷上でビオチン化し、0.5% TFAで不活性化し、C4 Jupiter 250×4.6mmカラム(Phenomenex)でクロマトグラフィーに供して、成熟GDF−8をGDF−8プロペプチドから分離した。TFA/アセトニトリル勾配で溶出したビオチン化成熟GDF−8画分をプールし、濃縮し、MicroBCAプロテインアッセイ試薬キット(Pierce Chemical,カタログ番号23235)により定量した。
ActRIIB−Fcの活性を実証するために、レポーター遺伝子アッセイ(RGA)を、レポーターベクターPGL3(CAGA)12配列結合ルシフェラーゼを使用して行った。そのCAGA配列は、TGF誘導性遺伝子PAI−1(Dennerら(1998)EMBO J.17:3091−3100)のプロモーター内のTGF−応答性配列であると以前に報告された。
ActRIIB−Fcの薬物動態(PK)を、1mg/kgの用量において、1回の静脈内(IV)または腹腔内(IP)投与として、C57B6/SCIDマウス(The Jackson Laboratory,Bar Harbor,ME)において評価した。ActRIIB−Fc(実施例3および4に記載されるように生成および精製した)を、iodogen法(Protein Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism,Plenum Press,New York,NY(Ferraioloら編.1992))を用いて放射性標識した。その動物に、上記の用量および血清濃度の非標識ActRIIB−Fcおよび125I標識ActRIIB−Fcの混合物を与え、血清中の125I放射活性およびその注射した用量の比活性に基づいて決定した。図3は、TCA沈澱した数 対 IVまたはIPのいずれかで投与したActRIIB−Fcの時間に基づく血清濃度を示す。IP注射からの吸収は完全であり、バイオアベイラビリティーは、注射後の最初の180時間内で100%に近かった;その最初の容量分布は、マウス血清容量(50ml/kg)と適合した;ピーク血清濃度は、11μg/ml(IP、注射後6時間)および19.4μg/ml(IV)であった;最後の排除相の間の半減期は、約5日であった。
ActRIIBが成体マウスにおいて筋肉量を増やすか否かを決定するために、7週齢雌性C57B6/SCID(The Jackson Laboratory)を用いて、インビボ研究を行った。マウスを秤量し、体重に関して、8匹の群へと均一に割り当てた。4週間の研究の間に、各群に、received 1週間に1回以下の腹腔内注射を与えた:ActRIIB−Fc(60mg/kg、3mg/kg、または60μg/kg)、マウスモノクローナル抗GDF−8抗体JA16(60mg/kg)、またはPBS緩衝液(ビヒクルコントロール)。JA16は、GDF−8に特異的であり、かつインビボでGDF−8の筋肉ダウンレギュレート活性を阻害することが別の研究(米国特許出願公開番号20030138422号)で示されているので、この抗体を選択した。動物を、処置期間の前および後に、dexascan分析に供することにより、除脂肪体重における増加について評価した。筋肉重量を、腓腹筋および大腿四頭筋を切り出し、秤量することにより評価した。その子宮周囲脂肪パッドもまた取り出し、秤量した。脾臓および胸腺の重量もまた測定した。
成体マウスの筋量におけるActRIIB−Fcの効果をさらに研究するために、それに関する研究を、7週齢の雌性C57B6/SCID(The Jackson Laboratory)を用いて行った。マウスを秤量し、体重に関して均等に、6匹の4つの群に分配した(6 SCID、6 C57マウス、そして各々6匹の2つのコントロール群)。各群に、1〜4週間の間、60mg/kg ActRIIB−FcまたはPBS緩衝液(ビヒクルコントロール)の腹腔内注射を毎週与えた。研究の29日目に、動物を、腓腹筋および大腿四頭筋を解剖し秤量することによって、筋量について評価した。この研究の結果は、ActRIIB−Fcが、インビトロでGDF−8活性を有意に阻害し、ビヒクルコントロールと比較した場合、ActRIIBの単回投与後でさえ筋量の増加を生じたことを示した。絶対重量としての大腿四頭筋重量は、C57およびSCIDマウスの両方において21%〜60%まで増加した(表5)。同様に、絶対重量としての腓腹筋量は、31〜51%まで増加した(表5)。
GDF−8の阻害は、筋量を増加させる。筋活性の増加または体重の増加のいずれかに起因する機械的付加の増加は、骨量および骨密度の増加に関連する。従って、GDF−8ノックアウト(KO)マウスを、骨量および微小構造の変化について評価した。成体マウスの初期評価は、KOマウスの脊椎における骨密度が、それらの野生型同腹仔の骨密度よりもほぼ2倍高かったことを示した。この増加は、単にGDF−8 KOマウスにおける筋量の増加に起因して期待され得る増加をはるかに上回った。
例えば、ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドのようなGDF−8のインヒビターは、増加した筋量で指示された処置に対して有用であり、また、骨粗鬆症の予防および処置に対して有用である。さらに、GDF−8の阻害は、骨同化効果が望まれる他の場合(例えば、骨治癒の増強(すなわち、骨折修復、脊椎癒合など))において有用であり得る。本発明のActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは、疾患の兆候が現れた被験体または確定した筋変性疾患または骨変性疾患を有する被験体を処置するために使用される。
例えば、ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドのようなGDF−8のインヒビターは、代謝障害(例えば、2型糖尿病、グルコース寛容減損、代謝症候群(例えば、X症候群)、外傷(例えば、熱傷または窒素不均衡)によって誘導されるインスリン抵抗性、および脂肪組織障害(例えば、肥満症))の処置のために有用である。本発明の方法において、本発明のActRIIB融合ポリペプチド抗体は、疾患の兆候が現れた被験体または確定した代謝疾患を有する被験体を処置するために使用される。
Claims (20)
- 骨の少なくとも1種の変性疾患の処置または予防のための組成物であって、該組成物は、有効量のActRIIB融合ポリペプチドを含み、該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは、
(i)(a)配列番号3のアミノ酸23〜138に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド;および
(b)配列番号1のアミノ酸19〜134に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド
からなる群より選択されるポリペプチド、ならびに
(ii)IgG、IgA、IgEまたはIgM抗体の定常領域
を含み、
該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドはGDF−8を阻害する、組成物。 - 前記組成物が、骨関節炎および骨粗鬆症のうちの少なくとも1種から選択される障害の処置または予防のための組成物である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドが、1μg/kg〜20mg/kg、1μg/kg〜10mg/kg、1μg/kg〜1mg/kg、10μg/kg〜1mg/kg、10μg/kg〜100μg/kg、100μg/kg〜1mg/kg、および500μg/kg〜1mg/kgから選択される有効量で投与されるのに適している、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドが、配列番号3のアミノ酸23〜138を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドが、配列番号1のアミノ酸19〜134を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記定常領域が、(a)IgGのFcフラグメント、(b)IgG1のFcフラグメント、(c)IgG4のFcフラグメント、および(d)配列番号3のアミノ酸148〜378から選択される配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドの配列が、配列番号3に記載されている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドの循環半減期が、5日を超える、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記融合ポリペプチドが、ストリンジェントなハイブリダイゼーション条件下で配列番号4の配列に対してハイブリダイズする核酸によってコードされる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 骨梁の骨密度を増大させるための組成物であって、該組成物は、ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドの治療有効量を含み、ここで、該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは、
(i)(a)配列番号3のアミノ酸23〜138に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド;および
(b)配列番号1のアミノ酸19〜134に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド
からなる群より選択されるポリペプチド、ならびに
(ii)IgG、IgA、IgEまたはIgM抗体の定常領域
を含み、
該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドはGDF−8を阻害する、組成物。 - 哺乳動物における少なくとも1種の骨の障害の処置または予防のための、医薬の調製のためのActRIIB融合ポリペプチドの使用であって、ここで、該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは、
(i)(a)配列番号3のアミノ酸23〜138に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド;および
(b)配列番号1のアミノ酸19〜134に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド
からなる群より選択されるポリペプチド、ならびに
(ii)IgG、IgA、IgEまたはIgM抗体の定常領域
を含み、
該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドはGDF−8を阻害する、使用。 - 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項11に記載の使用。
- 前記障害が、骨関節炎または骨粗鬆症である、請求項11に記載の使用。
- 骨梁の骨密度の増大のための医薬の調製のための、ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドの使用であって、ここで、該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドは、
(i)(a)配列番号3のアミノ酸23〜138に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド;および
(b)配列番号1のアミノ酸19〜134に少なくとも95%同一な配列を有するポリペプチド
からなる群より選択されるポリペプチド、ならびに
(ii)IgG、IgA、IgEまたはIgM抗体の定常領域
を含み、
該ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドはGDF−8を阻害する、使用。 - ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドが、1μg/kg〜20mg/kg、1μg/kg〜10mg/kg、1μg/kg〜1mg/kg、10μg/kg〜1mg/kg、10μg/kg〜100μg/kg、100μg〜1mg/kg、または500μg/kg〜1mg/kgの有効量で哺乳動物に投与される、請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドが、配列番号3のアミノ酸23〜138を含む、請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドが、配列番号1のアミノ酸19〜134を含む、請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記定常領域が、(a)IgGのFcフラグメント、(b)IgG1のFcフラグメント、(c)IgG4のFcフラグメント、または(d)配列番号3のアミノ酸148〜378を含む、請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号3に記載されている、請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記ActRIIB融合ポリペプチドの循環半減期が、5日を超える、請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
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CA2498044A1 (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2004-03-25 | Wyeth | Metalloprotease activation of myostatin, and methods of modulating myostatin activity |
AR047392A1 (es) * | 2002-10-22 | 2006-01-18 | Wyeth Corp | Neutralizacion de anticuerpos contra gdf 8 y su uso para tales fines |
US20040223966A1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-11-11 | Wolfman Neil M. | ActRIIB fusion polypeptides and uses therefor |
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AU2006232914A1 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-12 | Wyeth | Detection of an immune response to GDF-8 modulating agents |
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2003
- 2003-10-22 US US10/689,677 patent/US20040223966A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2003-10-24 JP JP2004548352A patent/JP4685452B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-24 AU AU2003279817A patent/AU2003279817A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20040223966A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
BR0315645A (pt) | 2005-08-30 |
WO2004039948A2 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
AU2003279817A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
US20110250198A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
DE60330181D1 (de) | 2009-12-31 |
US20090087433A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
CA2501180A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
US20080089897A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
EP1572961A4 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
US20090087375A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
ATE448686T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
MXPA05004224A (es) | 2005-09-20 |
EP1572961A2 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
ES2337890T3 (es) | 2010-04-30 |
JP2010138179A (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
WO2004039948A3 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
JP2006516886A (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
EP1572961B1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
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