JP4646309B2 - Desiccant ventilator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a desiccant-type ventilator capable of ventilating indoor and outdoor air while maintaining a comfortable indoor air-conditioning state.

  In recent years, as a result of increasing the airtightness of buildings and improving heat insulation to improve air conditioning efficiency, harmful chemical substances contained in building materials and interior materials are scattered and filled into the room, resulting in health damage such as sick houses Is a problem. Therefore, in accordance with the 2003 revision of the Building Standards Act (partial revision of the Building Standards Law for Sick House Countermeasures), in principle, 0.5 V / h or more of mechanical ventilation equipment or equivalent for all living rooms Ventilation has become mandatory, and the need for room ventilation is becoming increasingly important.

  However, in the case of a method in which indoor air is forcibly exhausted by a ventilation fan or the like and the outside air is directly supplied from an air supply port or the like, the air conditioner is activated to increase the difference between the indoor and outdoor air conditions. In the summer, outside air that has not been air-conditioned is supplied directly into the room, so that the air condition in the room cannot be maintained, and there is a situation in which ventilation is not performed during these periods.

To solve this problem, exhaust heat can be used to save energy, running costs can be reduced, global warming can be prevented by not using CFCs, and carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced. The desiccant air conditioner that has the advantages such as being mainly ventilated after air conditioning of the outside air, mainly in supermarkets, food factories, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, etc. where there is a lot of latent heat load. Several inventions related to this have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1 below, an exhaust passage and an air supply passage are adjacent to each other through a partition wall, a moisture absorbing / releasing rotor having air permeability and moisture absorption on the outdoor side, and a ventilation having heat permeability on the indoor side. A sensible heat rotor is provided so as to pass through the partition wall and block both passages. Further, in the exhaust passage, a drying heater is provided between the rotors, and a humidifier is provided upstream of the cooling sensible heat rotor. A desiccant type air conditioner provided is disclosed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-42709

  However, the desiccant type air conditioner described in Patent Document 1 is mainly for the purpose of reducing the running cost during the cooling operation in summer. In order to perform heat exchange efficiently during the heating operation in winter, A sensible rotor for heating and a heater for heating were required, and the facilities became large, so it was not profitable in ordinary houses, and it was not a realistic device.

  On the other hand, the desiccant air conditioner is known to be an environment-friendly air conditioner because it can save energy and does not use a refrigerant. In many cases, it has been proposed that the desiccant method is used as a ventilation device in the past.

  Therefore, the main problem of the present invention is that air treatment using a desiccant and a heat storage material cools and dehumidifies or heats the outside air to an approximate value of the indoor air condition, then ventilates the air so that it can be supplied indoors, and simplifies the structure. Therefore, it is possible to make the device compact and to provide a highly versatile desiccant ventilation device.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, as the present invention according to claim 1, the air supply path from the outside to the room and the exhaust path from the room to the outside are partitioned and arranged adjacent to each other, and the air supply path and the exhaust path are arranged. A rotary desiccant rotor with a built-in adsorbent and a rotary sensible heat rotor with a built-in heat storage are arranged so that the outside air passes through the rotary desiccant rotor and the rotary sensible heat rotor in this order. After the air is adjusted, the desiccant ventilator is configured so that the air is supplied to the room, and the room air passes through the rotary sensible heat rotor and the rotary desiccant rotor in this order, and after the air is adjusted, the air is exhausted to the outside. Because
In the rotary desiccant rotor section, an adsorbent forced regeneration zone in which a magnetron heater is disposed is defined along with the air supply path zone and the exhaust path zone in the circumferential direction, and the rotation direction can be switched between forward and reverse. ,
During winter operation; the rotary desiccant rotor is rotated in the order of the exhaust passage zone, the forced regeneration zone, and the air supply passage zone in this order, the indoor air is cooled in the rotary sensible heat rotor section, and the rotary desiccant rotor After dehumidifying in the rotor section, the outside air is exhausted to the outside, while the outside air is forcibly humidified and heated by using water vapor generated during regeneration in the forced regeneration zone in the rotary desiccant rotor section. After heating in the heat rotor part, it is supplied indoors,
During the summer operation; the rotary desiccant rotor is rotated in the direction of the air supply path zone, the forced regeneration zone, and the exhaust path zone in order, the outside air is dehumidified in the rotary desiccant rotor section, and the rotary sensible heat rotor The indoor air is heated in the rotary sensible heat rotor section and cooled to the outside along with water vapor generated during regeneration in the forced regeneration zone. A desiccant ventilator is provided which is characterized by exhausting.

  In the present invention described in claim 1, the temperature and humidity exchange between the outside air and the return air is efficiently performed. The low temperature and low humidity outside air during the winter operation, and the high temperature and humidity outside air during the summer operation, After being adjusted to almost the same state, it can be supplied to the room and a decrease in the indoor air conditioning effect due to ventilation is suppressed. Moreover, since air adjustment is achieved using a desiccant and a heat storage material, a ventilation device with a compact and simple structure is possible without requiring a heat source or a humidifier.

  The present invention according to claim 2 comprises temperature measuring means for measuring the outside air temperature and humidity measuring means for measuring the outside air humidity, and the rotational direction of the rotary desiccant rotor is set to the positive direction based on the measured temperature and the measured humidity. The desiccant type ventilator according to claim 1, further comprising a controller that determines whether the desiccant type ventilator should be operated or not, and sets a summer or winter operation for the desiccant type ventilator.

  The invention according to claim 2 is provided with a temperature measuring means for measuring the outside air temperature and a humidity measuring means for measuring the outside air temperature in accordance with the labor saving of the operation in the desiccant type ventilator, and based on the measuring temperature and the measuring humidity. In addition to determining whether the rotational direction of the rotary desiccant rotor should be forward or reverse, a controller is provided for setting the desiccant ventilator in summer or winter operation.

  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform ventilation supplied to the room after the outside air is cooled and dehumidified or heated and humidified to an approximate value of the indoor air condition by the air treatment using the desiccant and the heat storage material. In addition, the structure can be simplified, and a compact and highly versatile desiccant ventilation device can be provided.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[System configuration of desiccant type ventilator 1]
The system configuration of the desiccant ventilator 1 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the desiccant type ventilator 1 has a casing 2 that is partitioned vertically by a partition wall 3, an air supply path GF that is supplied from the outside to the room, and an exhaust path RF that is exhausted from the room to the outside. Are arranged adjacent to each other. In addition, the said partition 3 may be made to partition the inside of the casing 2 into right and left, and is arbitrary.

  Further, in the desiccant-type ventilator 1, the rotary desiccant rotor 4 containing the adsorbent (desiccant) is rotated outside the heat storage body so as to straddle the supply passage GF and the exhaust passage RF. A sensible heat rotor 5 is disposed on the indoor side. The rotary desiccant rotor 4 and the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 have substantially the same dimensions as the space in the casing 2 so that all air is processed.

In the rotary desiccant rotor 4 portion, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), the supply passage zone GF _d and the exhaust passage RF which are partitioned by the partition wall 3 and form the supply passage GF in the circumferential direction are provided. forming together with the exhaust passage zone RF _d for forced regeneration zone M _d of the adsorbent which is disposed a magnetron heater 6 is defined. The forced regeneration zone _Md is a zone shielded from the surroundings so that air does not pass through.

The magnetron heater 6, by applying an electromagnetic wave to the adsorbent incorporated in rotating the desiccant rotor 4 of the forced regeneration zone M _d, the adsorbent is heated by exciting the water molecules adsorbed, promotes desorption of water It is an apparatus for performing (forcibly regenerating the adsorbent).

  The rotary desiccant rotor 4 is provided with a ventilation structure such as a mesh shape, a honeycomb shape, and a slit shape on both side surfaces of a casing formed in a rotating drum shape, and moisture absorption and desorption performance of moisture such as silica gel is provided inside the casing. Built-in solid adsorbent. The gas in each flow path can pass through the rotary desiccant rotor 4 through the ventilation structure, and the humidity is adjusted by the moisture absorption / desorption action of the adsorbent incorporated therein. The rotary desiccant rotor 4 is capable of switching the rotation direction between forward and reverse directions. Depending on the operation timing, the air passing through the adsorbent by adsorbing moisture adsorbed on one side of the supply passage GF and the exhaust passage RF. Is made to function as a desorption area 4a for humidifying, and the other side is made to function as an adsorption area 4b for adsorbing moisture in the air and dehumidifying the passing air.

  The rotary sensible heat rotor 5 is provided with a ventilation structure such as a mesh shape, a honeycomb shape, and a slit shape on both side surfaces of a casing formed in a rotating drum shape, and the inside of the casing is made of rock, concrete, soil, bricks. Built-in sensible heat storage material with excellent heat storage performance such as porous materials such as PMS and phase change material (PCM). The gas in each flow path can pass through the ventilation structure and the inside of the rotary sensible heat rotor 5, and the temperature is adjusted by the action of heat dissipation and heat storage of the sensible heat storage body incorporated therein. The rotary sensible heat rotor 5 causes one side of the air supply path GF and the exhaust path RF to function as a heat radiating area 5a for heating the air passing by the heat radiated from the sensible heat storage body that stores heat according to the operation timing. The heat storage area 5b is configured to take heat from the air passing through the other side and store the heat in the sensible heat storage body.

An air supply fan 7 is disposed in the outside air OA introduction path, and an exhaust fan 8 is disposed in the return air RA discharge path.
Next, the operation state of the desiccant type ventilator 1 having the above-described system configuration will be described in detail based on FIGS. 3 to 9 for the winter season and the summer season. 3 and 4 are winter operation state diagrams, FIGS. 5 and 6 are summer operation state diagrams, FIG. 7 is an air line diagram thereof, FIG. 8 is an air state diagram of each flow path during winter operation, and FIG. It is an air state figure of a channel.

[Winter driving conditions]
In ventilation operation in winter, rotating the desiccant rotor 4 to rotate in a direction toward the air supply passage zone GF _d through the forced regeneration zone M _d from the exhaust passage zone RF _d (see FIG. 4 (A)) . In this case, supply passageway zone GF _d of rotating the desiccant rotor 4 desorption area 4a, the exhaust passage zone RF _d to function as an adsorption area 4b. Further, when the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 rotates, the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 in the air supply path GF functions as a heat dissipation area 5a, and the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 in the exhaust path RF functions as a heat storage area 5b.

In air supply channel GF, outdoor air OA that has been sent from the external side to the air supply passage zone GF _d of rotating the desiccant rotor section by the air supply fan 7 first enters the desorption area 4a of the rotary desiccant rotor 4. Adsorbent in the desorption area 4a is just before the forced regeneration zone M _d, while being heated by the regenerative action of the magnetron heater 6, and adsorbed water vapor is evaporated, has become a hot and humid conditions. When the outside air OA passes through the desorption area 4a containing the high-temperature and high-humidity adsorbent, the temperature and humidity are exchanged with the above-mentioned high-temperature and high-humidity adsorbent, and the outside air OA is heated and humidified (FIG. 7). , 8 point A ₁ → point A ₂ ). Then, it is sent to the heat radiation area 5a, further heated, and supplied to the room as supply air SA (points A _{2 to} A _{3 in} FIGS. 7 and 8).

On the other hand, in the exhaust path RF, the return air RA sucked from the indoor side by the exhaust fan 8 is cooled in the heat storage area 5b (point B ₁ → point B _{2 in} FIGS. 7 and 8), and then the rotary desiccant rotor. fed into the exhaust passage zone RF _d parts, enters the suction area 4b of the rotating desiccant rotor 4. Adsorbent in the adsorption area 4b is sufficient desorption is performed in the immediately preceding air supply passage zone GF _d, has a dry state. When the high-temperature and high-humidity return air RA passes through the adsorption area 4b containing the dried adsorbent, the moisture of the return air RA is adsorbed by the dried adsorbent described above, and the return air RA is dehumidified and then exhausted. The air is exhausted to the outside as EA (point B ₂ → point B _{3 in} FIGS. 7 and 8).

  The moisture adsorbed in the adsorption area 4b from the return air RA in the exhaust path and the heat stored in the heat storage area 5b are respectively rotated in the air supply path by the rotation of the rotary desiccant rotor 4 and the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 respectively. It is used as a humidification source and heating source for the supply air SA.

  In this way, the rotary desiccant rotor 4 and the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 disposed across the air supply path and the exhaust path rotate, so that the temperature and humidity can be reduced without using a cold heat source, a heat source, or a humidifier. It becomes possible to supply adjusted outside air, and it is clean and heat efficient, and ventilation can be performed without impairing indoor air conditioning.

[Summer driving condition]
Next, the driving | running state in summer is explained in full detail based on FIGS. 5-7 and FIG.
In ventilation operation in the summer, the direction of rotation is reversed, to rotate the rotating desiccant rotor 4 toward the exhaust passage zone through forced regeneration zone from the air supply passage zone GF _d (see FIG. 6 (A)) To. In this case, supply passageway zone GF _d of rotating the desiccant rotor 4 adsorption area 4b, the exhaust passage zone RF _d to function as a desorption area 4a. Further, when the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 rotates, the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 in the air supply path GF functions as a heat storage area 5b, and the rotary sensible heat rotor 5 in the exhaust path RF functions as a heat radiation area 5a.

In air supply channel GF, outdoor air OA that has been sent from the external side to the air supply passage zone GF _d of rotating the desiccant rotor section by the air supply fan 7 first enters the suction area 4b of the rotating desiccant rotor 4. Adsorbent in the adsorption area 4b is immediately before the exhaust passage zone RF _d with sufficient desorption is performed, it has a dry state. When the high-temperature and high-humidity outside air OA passes through the adsorption area 4b containing the dried adsorbent, the moisture of the outside air OA is adsorbed by the dry adsorbent described above, and the outside air OA is dehumidified (FIGS. 7 and 9). Point C ₁ → point C ₂ ). Then, it is sent to the heat storage area 5b, cooled, and supplied to the room as supply air SA (point C ₂ → point C _{3 in} FIGS. 7 and 9).

On the other hand, in the exhaust path RF, the return air RA sucked from the indoor side by the exhaust fan 8 is heated in the heat radiation area 5a (point D ₁ → point D _{2 in} FIGS. 7 and 9), and then the rotary desiccant rotor. fed into the exhaust passage zone RF _d parts, enters the desorption area 4a of the rotary desiccant rotor 4. Adsorbent in the desorption area 4a is just before the forced regeneration zone M _d, while being heated by the regenerative action of the magnetron heater 6, and adsorbed water vapor is evaporated, has become a hot and humid conditions. When the return air RA passes through the desorption area 4a containing the high-temperature and high-humidity adsorbent, the temperature and humidity are exchanged with the high-temperature and high-humidity adsorbent described above, and the exhaust air is exhausted outside the room as the exhaust gas EA. (Point D ₂ → Point D _{3 in} FIGS. 7 and 9).

The moisture adsorbed in the suction area 4b from the supply air SA in the exhaust path and the heat stored in the heat storage area 5b are exhausted in the exhaust path by the rotation of the rotary desiccant rotor 4 and the rotary sensible heat rotor 5, respectively. It can be utilized (discarded outside) as a humidification source and heating source for EA.
Thus, in the desiccant type ventilator 1 according to the present invention, since the switching of the flow path is unnecessary at all in the winter and summer operation states, the structure can be simplified and the versatility is high. A ventilation device can be provided.

[Other examples]
(1) The switching of the winter operation state or the summer operation state in the rotary desiccant rotor 4, that is, the rotation direction control can be manually operated, but the temperature measurement means for measuring the outside air temperature, the outside air humidity A humidity measuring means for measuring, and determining whether the rotational direction of the rotary desiccant rotor 4 should be a forward direction or a reverse direction based on the measured temperature and the measured humidity, and with respect to the rotary desiccant rotor 4 If a controller for setting the operation in summer or winter, that is, setting the rotation direction is provided, it is possible to save the operation.

1 is a system configuration diagram of a desiccant ventilator 1 according to the present invention. (A) is a schematic diagram showing the AA cross section of FIG. 1, (B) is a schematic diagram showing the BB cross section of FIG. 1, and (C) is a schematic diagram showing the CC cross section of FIG. It is a flow-path state figure of the winter driving | operation by the desiccant-type ventilation apparatus. 3A is a schematic diagram showing the AA cross section of FIG. 3 and shows the rotational direction of the rotary desiccant rotor 4. FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram showing the BB cross section of FIG. 3 and showing the rotational direction of the rotary sensible heat rotor 5. It is. 2 is a flow path state diagram of summer operation by the desiccant-type ventilator 1. FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing the AA cross section of FIG. 5 and shows the rotational direction of the rotary desiccant rotor 4. FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing the BB cross section of FIG. It is. It is a schematic diagram which shows the air line figure of the desiccant type ventilation apparatus. It is a schematic diagram which shows the air state of each flow path in the winter driving | operation by the desiccant type ventilation apparatus. It is a schematic diagram which shows the air state of each flow path in the summer driving | operation by the desiccant type ventilation apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Desiccant type ventilator, 2 ... Casing, 3 ... Bulkhead, 4 ... Rotary desiccant rotor, 4a ... Desorption area, 4b ... Adsorption area, 5 ... Rotary sensible heat rotor, 5a ... Radiation area, 5b ... Heat storage area, 6 ... Magnetron heater, 7 ... Air supply fan, 8 ... Exhaust fan, GF ... Air supply path, RF ... Exhaust path

Claims (2)

A rotary desiccant rotor with a built-in adsorbent so as to partition and arrange an air supply path from the outside to the room and an exhaust path from the room to the outside with a partition, and straddle the air supply path and the exhaust path, A rotary sensible heat rotor with a built-in heat accumulator is disposed, and the outside air passes through the rotary desiccant rotor and the rotary sensible heat rotor in this order and is adjusted in air and then supplied to the room. A desiccant-type ventilator configured to pass through a sensible heat rotor and a rotary desiccant rotor in this order and adjust the air, and then exhaust to the outside.
In the rotary desiccant rotor section, an adsorbent forced regeneration zone in which a magnetron heater is disposed is defined along with the air supply path zone and the exhaust path zone in the circumferential direction, and the rotation direction can be switched between forward and reverse. ,
During winter operation; the rotary desiccant rotor is rotated in the order of the exhaust passage zone, the forced regeneration zone, and the air supply passage zone in this order, the indoor air is cooled in the rotary sensible heat rotor section, and the rotary desiccant rotor After dehumidifying in the rotor section, the outside air is exhausted to the outside, while the outside air is forcibly humidified and heated by using water vapor generated during regeneration in the forced regeneration zone in the rotary desiccant rotor section. After heating in the heat rotor part, it is supplied indoors,
During the summer operation; the rotary desiccant rotor is rotated in the direction of the air supply path zone, the forced regeneration zone, and the exhaust path zone in order, the outside air is dehumidified in the rotary desiccant rotor section, and the rotary sensible heat rotor The indoor air is heated in the rotary sensible heat rotor section and cooled to the outside along with water vapor generated during regeneration in the forced regeneration zone. Desiccant type ventilator characterized by exhausting. A temperature measuring means for measuring the outside air temperature and a humidity measuring means for measuring the outside air humidity are provided, and it is determined whether the rotational direction of the rotary desiccant rotor should be the forward direction or the reverse direction based on the measured temperature and the measured humidity. The desiccant ventilator according to claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to set summer or winter operation for the desiccant ventilator.

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