JP4536937B2 - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents
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- JP4536937B2 JP4536937B2 JP2001004644A JP2001004644A JP4536937B2 JP 4536937 B2 JP4536937 B2 JP 4536937B2 JP 2001004644 A JP2001004644 A JP 2001004644A JP 2001004644 A JP2001004644 A JP 2001004644A JP 4536937 B2 JP4536937 B2 JP 4536937B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被加熱材としての記録材を耐熱性フィルム(以下、単にフィルムと称する)を介して加熱体に密着させ、記録材とフィルムを共に移動させて加熱体の熱をフィルムを介して該記録材に与えるフィルム加熱方式の定着装置及び該定着装置を適用した複写機、レーザービームプリンタ等の画像形成装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、定着装置として熱ローラ方式とフィルム加熱方式がある。この定着装置は例えば、複写機、レーザービームプリンタ等に画像形成装置おいて、未定着トナー像を記録材に定着するために使用されており、所定の定着温度に維持された加熱体からの熱で記録材上の未定着トナー像を加熱で溶融固着させ、記録材上に定着させている。
【0003】
図7はフィルム加熱方式の定着装置の一例(加熱装置)を示す斜視図、図8はその端面図であり、フィルムとして円筒状のエンドレスフィルム4−2を用い、このフィルム4−2の周長の少なくとも一部は常にテンションフリー(テンションが加わらない状態)とし、フィルム4−2は加圧回転部材としての加圧ローラ4−4の回転駆動力で回転するようにした装置である。
【0004】
フィルム4−2の特徴としては、伝熱性を高めて熱容量を小さくし、クイックスタート性を向上させるために、フィルム膜厚は100μm以下、好ましくは10〜50μm程度の耐熱性のあるPTFE,PFA,FEPの単層、あるいはポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、PEEK,PES,PPS等の外周表面にPTFE,PFA,FEP等を混合コーティングした複合層フィルムを使用できる。4−3は加熱体4−1を断熱支持するホルダーであり、フィルム内面のガイド部材と装置の補強部材としてのステーを兼ねている。
【0005】
この加熱体4−1は該加熱体を断熱支持するステー4−3の外側下面に長手に沿って設けた溝4−3aに嵌め込んで接着して固定支持させてある。この加熱体4−1は、ヒータ基板5−11の表面に設けた通電発熱低抗体5−12に対する給電により該通電発熱抵抗体が長手全長にわたって発熱することで速やかに昇温し、その昇温がヒータ基板5−11の裏面に設けた温度検知素子5−24で検知されて後述する温度制御手段としてのCPU5−40にフィードバックされ、加熱定着時、この温度検知素子5−24の検知温度が所定の設定温度に維持されるように通電発熱抵抗体5−12への通電が制御される。
【0006】
フィルム4−2は加熱体4−1を含むステー4−3に外嵌させてあり、加熱体4−1を含むステー4−3に対し周長に余裕をもってルーズに外嵌している。4−9はフィルムの寄り移動規制手段として、ステー4−3の左右両端部に配設したフィルム端部を受け止めるフランジ部材である。4−4は加熱体4−1との間にフィルム4−2を挟んで圧接ニップ部(定着ニップ部)Nを形成し、且つフィルム4−2を回転駆動させる加圧回転体としての加圧ローラであり、金属軸4−10aと、シリコンゴム等の離型性の良い耐熱ゴム層4−10bよりなり、不図示の軸受け手段・付勢手段により所定の抑圧力をもってフィルム4−2を挟ませて加熱体4−1の表面に圧接させて配設してある。
【0007】
そして、駆動手段Mにより不図示の動力伝達系を介して回転駆動力が伝達され、矢印の反時計方向に回転駆動される。この加圧ローラ4−4の回転駆動による該ローラとフィルム外面との摩擦力でフィルム4−2に回転力が作用し(記録材Pが圧接ニップ部Nに導入された時は該記録材Pを介してフィルム4ー2に回転力が間接的に作用し)、このフィルム4−2が加熱体4−1の表面に圧接摺動しつつ矢印の時計方向aに回転駆動される。フィルム内面ガイド部材を兼ねるステー4−3はこのフィルム4−2の回転を容易にする。
【0008】
そこで、複写機など画像形成装置のコピーボタンの押下もしくはプリント命令信号に基づいて、あるいは画像定着すべき未定着トナー像Tを支持した記録材Pの先端が装置の手前側に配設したセンサー(不図示)に検知された時の信号に基づいて、加圧ローラ4−4の回転駆動が開始され、加熱体4−1の昇温が開始される。
【0009】
加圧ローラ4−4の回転によるフィルム4−2の回転周速度が定常化し、加熱体4−1の温度が所定温度に立ち上がった状態において、定着ニップ部Nのフィルム4−2と加圧ローラ4−4との間に画像定着すべき記録材Pが導入されてフィルム4−2と一緒に定着ニップ部Nを挟持搬送されることにより、加熱体4−1の熱がフィルム4−2を介して記録材Pに付与され、未定着トナー像Tが記録材P面に加熱定着される。定着ニップ部Nを通った記録材Pはフィルム4−2の面から分離されて搬送される。
【0010】
図9は上記加熱体4−1の構成を示す表面図、図10はその加熱体の裏面図であり、アルミナ(AI203)等のセラミック基板であるヒータ基板5−11上(表面)に、通電発熱抵抗体5−12として、例えばAg/Pd(銀パラジウム)等の電気抵抗材料を厚み10〜30μm、幅0.8〜3mmにスクリーン印刷等により塗工・焼成するとともに、この通電発熱抵抗体5−12の導電パターン5−15・5−16、通電発熱抵抗体5−12の給電電極パターン5−13・5−14、ヒータ基板5−11の裏面にサーミスタ等の温度検知素子5−24、この温度検知素子5−24の導電パターン5−22・5−23、これ等導電パターン5−15・5−16、給電電極パターン5−13・5−14等の上に、オーバコート層4−7(保護層)としてガラスやフッ素樹脂などを施している。
【0011】
また、ヒータ基板5−11を貫通したスルーホール5−20・5−21を介して、ヒータ基板5−11の表面には導電パターン5−22・5−23に通電する温度検出素子5−24の給電電極パターン5−18・5−19が配置されている。
【0012】
また、図9,図10に示すように、加熱体4−1の給電電極パターン5−13・5−14には、ステー4−3に加熱体4−1を固定支持するためのコネクタ5−31が装着され、このコネクタ5−31内の電気接点としての加圧バネ5−32により、給電ワイヤ5−33を介して、通電発熱抵抗体5−12は電源5−34とトライアック5−35等からなる給電回路と接続される。また、加熱体4−1の給電電極パターン5−18・5−19には、ステー4−3に加熱体4−1を固定支持するためのコネクタ5−36が装着され、コネクタ内の電気的接点としての加圧ばね5−37により、給電ワイヤ5−38を介して、温度検知素子5−24はA/Dコンバータ5−39と接続される。
【0013】
加熱体4−1の温度検出情報として、記録材Pの通過域内に設けられた温度検知素子5−24のサーミスタ電圧がA/Dコンバータ5−39へ入力され、デジタルデータとして温度制御手段としてのCPU5−40へ取り込まれる。CPU5−40は、その入力されたデジタルデータを基に、加熱体温度を所定の一定温度に制御すべくトライアック5−35を制御する。制御方法としては、通電発熱抵抗体5−12の印加電圧または電流をコントロールするか、通電時間をコントロールする方法がとられている。通電時間をコントロールする方法には、電源波形の半波ごとに、通電するしないを制御するゼロクロス波数制御、電源波形の半波毎に通電する位相角を制御する位相制御などがある。
【0014】
一方、フィルム4−2には図7に示すように、バッテリ4−14から板バネ接点4−11、金属軸4−10a、導電ゴム4−12を通してフィルム4−2の導電プライマー4−13にトナーの帯電極性と同極性のバイアス、本例では−600Vの高圧バイアスが印加されるように構成されている。この構成がバイアス印加手段である。フィルム4−2の構成は前述のようにポリイミドフィルムに導電プライマー層さらにその上にPTFEとPFAもしくはFEPの混合物からなるフッ素樹脂がコーティングされており、このPTFEに対するPFAもしくはFEPの混合割合は10〜30重量%以上のものをコーティングした総厚60μmの複合層フィルムを用いる。
【0015】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように従来の定着装置においては、常にフィルムにトナーの帯電極性と同極性のマイナスバイアスが印加されているので、図12に示されるようにフィルムバイアスON状態では低湿、高湿共に尾びきレベルはOKである。尾びきとは横ライン画像で顕著に目立っ画像不良のことである。
【0016】
一方、加圧ローラ汚れは低湿下で発生する。これは定着ニップ間で記録材粉がプラスに帯電しやすくフィルムのバイアス(マイナス)に引かれてフィルムに記録材粉と共にトナーも付着し、フィルムから加圧ローラヘ汚れが転移するものと考えられている。加圧ローラ及びフィルムがトナーや記録材粉で汚れると記録材も汚染し画像不良となる。
【0017】
また、フィルムバイアスをOFFにすると、低湿、高湿下ではローラ汚れは起きにくいが、高湿下では尾びきが発生する。このように環境(湿度)により、尾びきとローラ汚れによる画像不良が発生しない条件が存在しない状況となる。
【0018】
低湿環境下において、記録材の搬送が断続的に行われると、加圧ローラ表面が非搬送時にプラスに帯電する場合が生じてくる。従来装置における測定例では+500V〜1KVに帯電されるため、マイナスに帯電されているトナーには加圧ローラ側へ付着しようとする静電吸着力が働き、加圧ローラをトナーで汚染し、このトナーが定着ニップ部を通過する記録材に付着して醜い画像とすることがあった。
【0019】
さらに記録材に含まれる成分、例えば炭酸カルシウム(CaCO 3)、カオリン、タルク等が静電吸着して、加圧ローラを汚染するという問題があった。また、この問題を解決するために、フィルムにバイアスを印加せずに該フィルムと加圧ローラの電位差を少なくし、前記のような静電的な力による加圧ローラヘのトナー付着量を抑えた場合は、湿度が高くなるにつれ、尾びきと呼ばれる画像不良が発生する。この現象は湿度が高いところでは、記録材上トナーが転写されてから定着ニップ部に入る直前には、トナーのトリボ(静電気量)が低下し、記録材との静電的な吸着力が低下しているため、定着ニップ部での圧力と熱により、記録材の進行方向とは逆方向にトナーが尾をひく現象が生じる。即ち図12に示すように尾びき(画像不良)と加圧ローラ汚れが無く鮮明な画像が形成できる条件が成立しないという問題があった。
【0020】
本発明は上記のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、環境に応じてフィルムバイアスのON/OFFが自動的に切り換えられ、フィルム、加圧ローラ汚れ及び尾びきのない鮮明な画像が得られる定着装置及び画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0021】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は下記の構成を有することを特徴とする定着装置及び画像形成装置である。
【0022】
フィルムと、前記フィルムの内面に接触する加熱体と、前記フィルムを介して前記加熱体と共に定着ニップ部を形成する加圧ローラと、前記フィルムにトナーの帯電極性と同極性の電圧を印加する電源と、を有し、トナー像を担持する記録材を前記定着ニップ部で挟持搬送しつつ記録材上のトナー像を記録材に加熱定着する定着装置において、前記フィルムと前記電源の間には、一方の電極が前記フィルム側、他方の電極が前記電源側となるように、紙フェノール基板上にギャップを設けて形成された一対の電極が電気的に直列に繋がれており、前記フィルムと前記一方の電極の間は抵抗体を介して接地されており、前記一対の電極間の抵抗値が湿度に応じて変化する構成としたことを特徴とする定着装置。
【0023】
【0024】
【0025】
【0026】
【0027】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の一形態を添付図面について説明する。
【0028】
(第1の実施例)
図1は本発明の定着装置を適用した画像形成装置の概略構成図を示すもので、像形成は、一般的な電子写真技術に基づくものであり、時計方向に回転駆動される感光ドラム1−2の表面が帯電ローラ1−6により-600Vに帯電され、この帯電面に画像に基づくレーザー照射Lが施されて、潜像が形成される。この潜像が現像スリーブ1−4と対向すると、現像スリーブ1−4上のマイナスに帯電されたトナーが潜像上へ飛翔付着する。この飛翔付着する力は、接地された感光ドラム1−2と-300Vに印加された現像スリーブ1−4間との電位差と静電吸着力による。この感光ドラム上の表面電位は-600〜-150Vの範囲で帯電しており、トナーが付着してないところは-600V、トナーの付着量が多いほど-150Vに近づく。
【0029】
一方、搬送ローラ1−1により搬送された記録材Pが感光ドラム1−2と転写ローラ1−3間の転写ニップ部を通過すると、この転写ニップ部で上記感光ドラム1−2に形成されたトナー像が記録材Pに転写される。トナーが記録材Pに転写するのに適正なバイアスは+2000〜+3000Vである。その後、トナー像を担持する記録材Pはヒータ表面が180℃〜210℃に温調された定着装置1−5へ搬送され、トナーは記録材P上に加熱定着され画像形成が行われる。1−7は感光ドラム表面のクリーニング部材である。
【0030】
図2は本発明による定着装置の構成を示す斜視図、図3はその端面図である。フィルム2−1への給電は導電ゴムリング2−2が加圧ローラ2−5の金属軸2−3に嵌められ、この金属軸2−3ヘバイアス電源2−4から-600Vが供給される。第1の実施例に於いては、フィルム2−1ヘのバイアス電源2−4が環境(特に湿度)により電気抵抗値が変化する環境可変素子2−6と直列に接続され、抵抗体2−7と並列接続されている。この抵抗体2−7は第1の実施例では300MΩのものを使用した。
【0031】
図4、図5は上記環境可変素子2−6の構成を示すもので、厚さt1=1mm、電気低抗値は1×109Ω〜1×1011Ωの紙フェノール基板2−6−1から構成され、第1の実施例では7.6×1010Ωのものを使用した。また、この時の抵抗値測定は常温常湿下(25℃、45%)で行い、三菱油化株式会社製ハイレスターを用いて、電極2−6−2a,2−6−2bは面積が100cm2で抵抗測定時の印加電圧は500Vの実抵抗値を測定した。
【0032】
この紙フェノール基板2−6−1上にエッチング処理により、電極間距離t3=0.5mm、電極パターン幅t4=5mmとし、20μm厚の銅メッキを行って電極2−6−2a,2−6−2bを形成した。このような構成による電極2−6−2a,2−6−2b間に−600V印加した時に各環境下で測定された電流値と抵抗値を図11に示す。低湿下(相対湿度10%)では絶縁で電流が流れないが、高湿度環境になるにつれ電流が流れ、2〜3×109Ω程度になる。この特性を利用したものが定着装置に組み込まれている。
即ち、フィルム2−1と電源2−4の間には、一方の電極がフィルム側、他方の電極が電源側となるように、紙フェノール基板上にギャップを設けて形成された一対の電極2−6a・2−6−2bが電気的に直列に繋がれており、フィルム2−1と一方の電極の間は抵抗体2−7を介して接地されており、前記一対の電極間の抵抗値が湿度に応じて変化する構成としたことを特徴とする定着装置である。
【0033】
第1の実施例に於いては、この定着装置内では−600Vのバイアスがフィルム2−1に印加され、電流が流れる場合は2μA程度の電流が観測される。即ち、低湿下に於いては、環境可変素子2−6は絶縁になるため、−600V印加されてもフィルム2−1にはバイアスが印加されず、抵抗体2−7を介して本体に接地される。この場合は従来例でも述べたように尾びきも加圧ローラ汚れもなく鮮明な画像が得られる。
【0034】
また、高湿になるにつれ、環境可変素子2−6の抵抗は低くなるので、−600V印加されている場合は、2μA程度の電流がフィルム2−1に流れ、尾びきもローラ汚れも生じることなく、鮮明な画像が得られる。このように自動的に低湿下ではフィルムバイアスをOFFとし、高湿下ではフィルムバイアスをONとすることができる。
【0035】
なお、低湿下でバイアス(−600V)が印加されない時に抵抗300MΩを介して接地されてない場合は、フィルム2−1と加圧ローラ2−5が電気的に浮いている状態になり、フィルム2−1及び加圧ローラ2−5の電位が不安定になり、やはり尾びきなどの不良画像が印字されることになる。
【0036】
(第2の実施例)
図6は環境可変素子2−6の第2の実施例を示すもので、両電極2−6−2a、2−6−2bとこの電極間にナイロン樹脂50μm厚のものをコート3−1したもので、第1の実施例と同様に環境湿度に応じて電気低抗値が変化し同様の効果が得られる。ナイロン樹脂などの湿度により電気抵抗値が変化しやすい材料をコートすることで、より応答性が早まり、より正確に環境湿度に応じた制御が可能となる。また、第2の実施例に於いては、電極間とこの電極にコートする材料はナイロンを用いたが、その他ポリエステル系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ビニル系樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、等環境(特に湿度)により電気抵抗が変わる材料であれば代用可能である。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、環境つまり湿度に応じてバイアス印加手段によるフィルムバイアスのON/OFFが自動で切り替えられ、フィルム、加圧ローラ汚れ及び尾びきのない鮮明な画像定着が得られるという効果がある。
【0038】
【0039】
また、本発明によれば、紙フェノール基板と、この紙フェノール基板上に形成した電極とで環境可変素子を構成したので、簡単な構成でフィルムバイアスのON/OFFが自動で切り替えられるという効果がある。
【0040】
また、本発明によれば、電極間を環境湿度に応じて電気低抗値が変化しやすい材料でコートして構成したので、簡単な構成でフィルムバイアスのON/OFFがより確実に自動で切り替えられるという効果がある。
【0041】
また、本発明によれば、定着装置とを備えた画像形成装置において、前記定着装置を適用したので、トナー汚れの生じない高品質の画像を形成することのできる画像形成装置を得ることができる効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例の画像形成装置の概略構成図。
【図2】実施例の定着装置の構成説明図。
【図3】定着装置の端面図。
【図4】環境可変素子の第1の実施例を示す斜視図。
【図5】環境可変素子の第1の実施例を示す側面図。
【図6】環境可変素子の第2の実施例を示す側面図。
【図7】フィルム加熱方式の定着装置を示す斜視図。
【図8】フィルム加熱方式の定着装置を示す端面図。
【図9】加熱体の平面図。
【図10】加熱体の裏面図。
【図11】基板の電極の両側に−600V印加した時に各環境下で測定された電流値と抵抗値の関係を示す図。
【図12】フィルムバイアスON状態では低湿、高湿共に尾びきレベルはOKであることを示す図。
【符号の説明】
1−1…搬送ローラ
1−2…感光ドラム
1−3…転写ローラ
1−5…定着装置
2−6…環境可変素子[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is heat-resistant film of the recording material as the material to be heated (hereinafter, simply Fi Lum hereinafter) is adhered to the heating member through, moving together of the recording material and the film through the thermal film heating body The present invention relates to a film heating type fixing device applied to the recording material, and an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer to which the fixing device is applied.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there is a heat roller type and Fi Lum heating method as the fixing device. The fixing device such as a copying machine, keep the image forming apparatus in a laser beam printer or the like, are used to fix the unfixed toner image on a recording material, from the heating body is maintained at the predetermined fixing temperature The unfixed toner image on the recording material is heated and melted and fixed by heating and fixed on the recording material.
[0003]
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example (heating device) of a film heating type fixing device, and FIG. 8 is an end view thereof. A cylindrical endless film 4-2 is used as a film, and the peripheral length of the film 4-2 is shown. At least a part of the apparatus is always tension-free (a state in which no tension is applied), and the film 4-2 is a device that is rotated by a rotational driving force of a pressure roller 4-4 as a pressure rotation member.
[0004]
As a feature of the film 4-2, in order to improve heat transfer and reduce heat capacity and improve quick start property, the film thickness is 100 μm or less, preferably about 10 to 50 μm of heat-resistant PTFE, PFA, A single layer of FEP or a composite layer film in which PTFE, PFA, FEP, etc. are mixed and coated on the outer peripheral surface of polyimide, polyamideimide, PEEK, PES, PPS or the like can be used. Reference numeral 4-3 denotes a holder that supports the heating element 4-1 in a heat-insulating manner, and also serves as a guide member on the inner surface of the film and a stay as a reinforcing member of the apparatus.
[0005]
The heating body 4-1 is fixedly supported by being fitted in and bonded to a groove 4-3a provided along the length on the outer lower surface of the stay 4-3 that supports and insulates the heating body. The heating element 4-1 heats up quickly by the energization heat generating resistor generating heat over the entire length by feeding power to the energization heat generation low antibody 5-12 provided on the surface of the heater substrate 5-11. Is detected by a temperature detection element 5-24 provided on the back surface of the heater substrate 5-11 and fed back to a CPU 5-40 as a temperature control means to be described later. At the time of heat fixing, the detected temperature of the temperature detection element 5-24 is Energization to the energization heating resistor 5-12 is controlled so as to be maintained at a predetermined set temperature.
[0006]
Fi Lum 4-2 Yes by fitted to the stay 4-3 including heater 4-1, are loosely fitted with a margin for circumference to stay 4-3 comprising heating body 4-1. Reference numeral 4-9 denotes a flange member for receiving the film end portions disposed at the left and right end portions of the stay 4-3 as a film displacement control means. 4-4 press nip across the film 4-2 (fixing nip portion) N is formed between the heater 4-1, addition of a且one film 4-2 as pressurizing rotator for rotationally driving The pressure roller is composed of a metal shaft 4-10a and a heat-resistant rubber layer 4-10b having good releasability such as silicon rubber. The film 4-2 is formed with a predetermined pressure by a bearing means and a biasing means (not shown). It is sandwiched and placed in pressure contact with the surface of the heating element 4-1.
[0007]
Then, a rotational driving force is transmitted by a driving means M via a power transmission system (not shown), and is driven to rotate counterclockwise as indicated by an arrow. The recording material P when the rotational force to the film 4-2 by a frictional force between the roller and the film outer surface by rotation of the pressure roller 4 4 acts (the recording material P is introduced into the press nip N Rotational force acts indirectly on the film 4-2 via the 4-2), and the film 4-2 is rotationally driven in the clockwise direction a of the arrow while being slidably pressed against the surface of the heating body 4-1. The stay 4-3 also serving as a film inner surface guide member facilitates the rotation of the film 4-2.
[0008]
In view of this, a sensor (on the front side of the apparatus having a leading end of a recording material P supporting an unfixed toner image T to be fixed based on pressing of a copy button or a print command signal of an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine) On the basis of a signal detected at (not shown), rotation driving of the pressure roller 4-4 is started, and heating of the heating element 4-1 is started.
[0009]
In the state where the rotation peripheral speed of the film 4-2 is stabilized by the rotation of the pressure roller 4-4 and the temperature of the heating body 4-1 rises to a predetermined temperature, the film 4-2 and the pressure roller in the fixing nip N the fixing nip portion N is introduced recording material P to be image fixing with the film 4-2 by being nipped and conveyed between 4-4, the heat of the heating body 4-1 Fi Lum 4-2 The unfixed toner image T is heated and fixed on the surface of the recording material P. The recording material P that has passed through the fixing nip N is separated from the surface of the film 4-2 and conveyed.
[0010]
FIG. 9 is a front view showing the configuration of the heating body 4-1, and FIG. 10 is a rear view of the heating body, on the heater substrate 5-11 (front surface) which is a ceramic substrate such as alumina (AI 2 0 3 ). In addition, as the energization heating resistor 5-12, for example, an electric resistance material such as Ag / Pd (silver palladium) is coated and fired to a thickness of 10 to 30 μm and a width of 0.8 to 3 mm by screen printing or the like. Conductive patterns 5-15 and 5-16 of the heating resistor 5-12, power supply electrode patterns 5-13 and 5-14 of the energizing heating resistor 5-12, and a temperature detection element such as a thermistor on the back surface of the heater substrate 5-11 5-24, over the conductive patterns 5-22 and 5-23 of the temperature detecting element 5-24, the conductive patterns 5-15 and 5-16, the power supply electrode patterns 5-13 and 5-14, etc. Coat layer 4-7 (protection ) It is subjected to, such as glass or fluorine resin as.
[0011]
Further, the temperature detection element 5-24 for energizing the conductive patterns 5-22 and 5-23 on the surface of the heater substrate 5-11 through the through holes 5-20 and 5-21 penetrating the heater substrate 5-11. The feeding electrode patterns 5-18 and 5-19 are arranged.
[0012]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the feeding electrode patterns 5-13 and 5-14 of the heating body 4-1 have connectors 5-5 for fixing and supporting the heating body 4-1 on the stay 4-3. 31 is mounted, by pressure spring 5-32 as an electrical contact in the connector 5-31, via the power supply wire 5-33, energizing the heating resistor 5-12 power 5-34 triac 5-35 Etc. are connected to a power feeding circuit composed of the like. Further, a connector 5-36 for fixing and supporting the heating body 4-1 to the stay 4-3 is attached to the power supply electrode patterns 5-18 and 5-19 of the heating body 4-1, and the electric power in the connector is The temperature detecting element 5-24 is connected to the A / D converter 5-39 through the power supply wire 5-38 by a pressurizing spring 5-37 as a contact.
[0013]
As the temperature detection information of the heating element 4-1, the thermistor voltage of the temperature detection element 5-24 provided in the passage region of the recording material P is input to the A / D converter 5-39, and is used as temperature control means as digital data. It is taken into the CPU 5-40. The CPU 5-40 controls the triac 5-35 so as to control the heating body temperature to a predetermined constant temperature based on the input digital data. As a control method, a method of controlling the applied voltage or current of the energization heating resistor 5-12 or controlling the energization time is employed. Methods for controlling the energization time include zero cross wave number control that controls whether or not energization is performed for each half wave of the power supply waveform, and phase control that controls the phase angle of energization for each half wave of the power supply waveform.
[0014]
On the other hand, on the film 4-2, as shown in FIG. 7, the battery 4-14 passes through the leaf spring contact 4-11, the metal shaft 4-10a, and the conductive rubber 4-12 to the conductive primer 4-13 of the film 4-2. A bias having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the toner, in this example, a high voltage bias of −600 V is applied. This configuration is bias applying means. As described above, the film 4-2 is formed by coating a polyimide film with a conductive primer layer and a fluororesin composed of a mixture of PTFE and PFA or FEP as described above, and the mixing ratio of PFA or FEP to PTFE is 10 to 10. using a total thickness 60μm composite layer Fi Lum of coated with more than 30 wt%.
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the conventional fixing device, a negative bias having the same polarity as the toner charging polarity is always applied to the film. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The level is OK. Tail is a noticeable image defect in a horizontal line image.
[0016]
On the other hand, pressure roller contamination occurs under low humidity. This is because the recording material powder tends to be positively charged between the fixing nips, and is attracted to the film bias (minus), so that the toner adheres to the film together with the recording material powder, and the dirt is transferred from the film to the pressure roller. Yes. When the pressure roller and the film are soiled with toner or recording material powder, the recording material is also contaminated, resulting in an image defect.
[0017]
Further, when the film bias is turned off, the roller dirt hardly occurs at low humidity and high humidity, but tailing occurs at high humidity. In this way, there is no condition that does not cause image defects due to tail and roller contamination due to the environment (humidity).
[0018]
If the recording material is transported intermittently in a low humidity environment, the pressure roller surface may be positively charged when not transported. In the measurement example of the conventional apparatus, the toner is charged to +500 V to 1 KV. Therefore, the electrostatically attracting force acting on the negatively charged toner acts on the pressure roller, and the pressure roller is contaminated with the toner. In some cases, the toner adheres to the recording material passing through the fixing nip portion to form an ugly image.
[0019]
Component further contained in the recording material, for example calcium carbonate (CaC O 3), kaolin, and talc and the electrostatically adsorbed, there is a problem that contaminate the pressure roller. Further, in order to solve this problem, the potential difference between the film and the pressure roller is reduced without applying a bias to the film, and the amount of toner adhering to the pressure roller due to the electrostatic force as described above is suppressed. In such a case, as the humidity increases, an image defect called tailing occurs. When the humidity is high, the toner tribo (static charge) decreases immediately after the toner on the recording material is transferred and enters the fixing nip, and the electrostatic attraction force with the recording material decreases. For this reason, a phenomenon occurs in which the toner tails in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the recording material due to the pressure and heat at the fixing nip portion. That is, as shown in FIG. 12, there is a problem that the condition for forming a clear image without tail (image defect) and pressure roller contamination is not satisfied.
[0020]
This invention has been made to solve the above problems, is automatically switched ON / OFF of Fi Rumubaiasu depending on the environment, Fi Lum, no pressing roller contamination and tailing clear image An object of the present invention is to provide a fixing device and an image forming apparatus capable of obtaining the above.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a fixing device and an image forming apparatus having the following configuration.
[0022]
A film, a heating body that contacts the inner surface of the film, a pressure roller that forms a fixing nip portion together with the heating body via the film, and a power source that applies a voltage having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the toner to the film And a fixing device that heats and fixes the toner image on the recording material to the recording material while nipping and conveying the recording material carrying the toner image at the fixing nip portion, between the film and the power source, A pair of electrodes formed with a gap on the paper phenol substrate are electrically connected in series so that one electrode is on the film side and the other electrode is on the power supply side, and the film and the A fixing device characterized in that one electrode is grounded via a resistor, and a resistance value between the pair of electrodes changes according to humidity .
[0023]
[0024]
[0025]
[0026]
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0028]
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus to which a fixing device of the present invention is applied. Image formation is based on a general electrophotographic technique, and is a photosensitive drum 1 that is driven to rotate clockwise. The surface of 2 is charged to −600 V by the charging roller 1-6, and laser irradiation L based on the image is applied to the charged surface to form a latent image. When this latent image faces the developing sleeve 1-4, the negatively charged toner on the developing sleeve 1-4 flies and adheres to the latent image. This flying adhesion force is due to the potential difference between the grounded photosensitive drum 1-2 and the developing sleeve 1-4 applied to -300 V and the electrostatic adsorption force. The surface potential on the photosensitive drum is charged in the range of -600 to -150 V, and is -600 V where no toner is attached, and approaches -150 V as the amount of toner attached increases.
[0029]
On the other hand, when the recording material P conveyed by the conveying low la 1 -1 passes through the transfer nip between the transfer roller 1-3 and the photosensitive drum 2, is formed on the photosensitive drum 2 at the transfer nip The transferred toner image is transferred to the recording material P. An appropriate bias for transferring the toner onto the recording material P is +2000 to + 3000V. Thereafter, the recording material P carrying the toner image is conveyed to a fixing device 1-5 whose temperature is adjusted to 180 ° C. to 210 ° C., and the toner is heated and fixed on the recording material P to form an image. Reference numeral 1-7 denotes a cleaning member for the surface of the photosensitive drum.
[0030]
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a fixing device according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an end view thereof. For power feeding to the film 2-1, a conductive rubber ring 2-2 is fitted on the metal shaft 2-3 of the pressure roller 2-5, and -600V is supplied from the bias power supply 2-4 to the metal shaft 2-3. In the first embodiment, a bias power source 2-4 to the film 2-1 is connected in series with an environment variable element 2-6 whose electric resistance value changes depending on the environment (particularly humidity), and the resistor 2- 7 is connected in parallel. The resistor 2-7 were from 300 M Omega in the first embodiment.
[0031]
4 and 5 show the configuration of the environment variable element 2-6. The paper phenol substrate 2-6 having a thickness t1 = 1 mm and an electrical resistance value of 1 × 10 9 Ω to 1 × 10 11 Ω. 1 and 7.6 × 10 10 Ω was used in the first embodiment. Moreover, resistance value measurement at this time is performed under normal temperature and normal humidity (25 ° C., 45%), and the area of electrodes 2-6-2a and 2-6-2b is high using a high-rester manufactured by Mitsubishi Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. The applied voltage at the time of resistance measurement at 100 cm 2 was measured as an actual resistance value of 500V.
[0032]
Etching is performed on the paper phenol substrate 2-6-1 so that the distance between the electrodes t3 = 0.5 mm and the electrode pattern width t4 = 5 mm, and copper plating with a thickness of 20 μm is performed to form the electrodes 2-6-2a and 2-6. -2b was formed. FIG. 11 shows current values and resistance values measured in each environment when −600 V is applied between the electrodes 2-6-2a and 2-6-2b having such a configuration. Under low humidity (relative humidity 10%), current does not flow due to insulation, but current flows in a high humidity environment, and is about 2 to 3 × 10 9 Ω. A device using this characteristic is incorporated in the fixing device.
That is, a pair of electrodes 2 formed on the paper phenol substrate with a gap between the film 2-1 and the power source 2-4 so that one electrode is on the film side and the other electrode is on the power source side. -6a and 2-6-2b are electrically connected in series, and the film 2-1 and one electrode are grounded via a resistor 2-7, and the resistance between the pair of electrodes The fixing device is characterized in that the value changes according to humidity.
[0033]
In the first embodiment, in this fixing device, a bias of −600 V is applied to the film 2-1, and when a current flows, a current of about 2 μA is observed. That is, since the environment variable element 2-6 is insulated under low humidity, no bias is applied to the film 2-1 even when -600V is applied, and the body is grounded via the resistor 2-7. Is done. In this case, as described in the conventional example, a clear image can be obtained without any tailing or pressure roller contamination.
[0034]
Further, as the humidity becomes higher, the resistance of the environment variable element 2-6 becomes lower. Therefore, when -600V is applied, a current of about 2 μA flows through the film 2-1, and the tail and the roller become dirty. And a clear image can be obtained. In this way, the film bias can be automatically turned off under low humidity and the film bias can be turned on under high humidity.
[0035]
Note that when the bias (−600 V) is not applied under low humidity and not grounded via the resistor 300 MΩ, the film 2-1 and the pressure roller 2-5 are in an electrically floating state, and the film 2 -1 and the pressure roller 2-5 become unstable, and a defective image such as a tail is also printed.
[0036]
(Second embodiment)
FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the environment variable element 2-6, in which both electrodes 2-6-2a and 2-6-2b and a nylon resin 50 μm thick coat 3-1 are coated between the electrodes. However, as in the first embodiment, the electrical resistance value changes according to the environmental humidity, and the same effect can be obtained. By coating a material whose electrical resistance value is likely to change depending on the humidity, such as nylon resin, the response becomes faster and more accurate control according to the environmental humidity becomes possible. In the second embodiment, nylon is used as the material between the electrodes and the electrodes, but other polyester resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, vinyl resins, polyurethane resins, acrylic resins. Any material that changes its electrical resistance depending on the environment (particularly humidity), such as polypropylene resin, can be substituted.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, is switched ON / OFF of Fi Rumubaiasu is automatically by the bias applying means in accordance with the environment, i.e. humidity, Fi Lum, no pressure roller contamination and tailing clear image There is an effect that fixing can be obtained.
[0038]
[0039]
Further, according to the present invention, a paper phenol board, since it is configured to environmental variable element in the electrode formed on the paper phenol substrate, the effect of ON / OFF of Fi Rumubaiasu is switched automatically with a simple structure is is there.
[0040]
Further, according to the present invention, switching between the electrodes since the electrical low anti values according to the environmental humidity is constituted by coating and easy material changes, automatically ON / OFF of Fi Rumubaiasu is more reliably with a simple structure There is an effect that it is.
[0041]
Further, according to the present invention, in an image forming apparatus having a constant wear device, since the application of the previous SL fixing device, to obtain an image forming apparatus capable of forming high quality images causing no toner stain There is an effect that can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a fixing device according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an end view of the fixing device.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of an environment variable element.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing a first embodiment of an environment variable element.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing a second embodiment of the environment variable element.
[7] Fi perspective view showing a fixing device of Lum heating system.
[8] Fi end view of a fixing device of Lum heating system.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a heating body.
FIG. 10 is a rear view of a heating body.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a relationship between a current value and a resistance value measured in each environment when −600 V is applied to both sides of an electrode of a substrate.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing that the tail level is OK for both low humidity and high humidity when the film bias is on.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1-1 ... Conveyance roller 1-2 ... Photosensitive drum 1-3 ... Transfer roller 1-5 ... Fixing device 2-6 ... Environment variable element
Claims (1)
前記フィルムと前記電源の間には、一方の電極が前記フィルム側、他方の電極が前記電源側となるように、紙フェノール基板上にギャップを設けて形成された一対の電極が電気的に直列に繋がれており、前記フィルムと前記一方の電極の間は抵抗体を介して接地されており、前記一対の電極間の抵抗値が湿度に応じて変化する構成としたことを特徴とする定着装置。 A film, a heating body that contacts the inner surface of the film, a pressure roller that forms a fixing nip portion together with the heating body via the film, and a power source that applies a voltage having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the toner to the film And a fixing device that heats and fixes the toner image on the recording material to the recording material while nipping and conveying the recording material carrying the toner image at the fixing nip portion ,
Between the film and the power source, a pair of electrodes formed with a gap on the paper phenol substrate so that one electrode is on the film side and the other electrode is on the power source side are electrically connected in series. The fixing is characterized in that the film and the one electrode are grounded via a resistor, and the resistance value between the pair of electrodes changes according to humidity. apparatus.
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JP2001005314A (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2001-01-12 | Canon Inc | Fixing device and image forming device |
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JP2001005314A (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2001-01-12 | Canon Inc | Fixing device and image forming device |
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