JP4533300B2 - Resin for toner, toner and two-component developer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image in an image forming method such as electrophotography or electrostatic printing, or a toner for forming a toner image in a toner jet type image forming method.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an image forming method using electrophotography, electrostatic printing, or the like, charged toner particles are configured to develop an electrostatic latent image on a drum by an electrostatic force corresponding to a potential difference on a photosensitive drum. . At this time, the charging of the toner is specifically caused by friction between the toner and the toner or between the toner and the carrier, and further with a regulating blade or the like. For this reason, in addition to the particle size and particle size distribution of the toner, it is essential to control the chargeability.

  In recent years, in particular, due to demands for higher speed and higher stability of printers and copiers, more rapid charge control, so-called charge rise characteristics, and stability against environmental changes such as temperature and humidity, that is, charging that is not easily affected by environmental changes. Characteristics are now required. Moreover, since the characteristics must be maintained for a long period of time, it is impossible to add more shear than necessary to the toner, making it difficult to obtain the desired charging characteristics as described above.

  In order to control the chargeability of the toner, the triboelectric charging characteristics of the binder resin itself can be used, but the triboelectric charging characteristics of the binder resin generally used for toners are often low, depending on the composition. Control of the charging property is not easy. Therefore, generally, a charge control agent that imparts chargeability is added.

  Conventionally, as a negatively chargeable charge control agent, metal complexes of monoazo dyes, nitrohumic acid and its salts, metal compounds such as salicylic acid, alkylsalicylic acid, dialkylsalicylic acid, naphthoic acid, dicarboxylic acid, boron compounds, urea compounds, silicon compounds , Calixarene, sulfonated copper phthalocyanine pigment, chlorinated paraffin and the like. The charge control agents containing these dyes and pigments have a complicated structure, the properties are not constant, and many of them have poor stability, and most of them change their chargeability depending on the environment such as temperature and humidity. Others may be altered by heat kneading at the time of toner preparation.

  Furthermore, the charge control agent added to these toners must be present on the toner surface to some extent in order to impart frictional charging ability. Therefore, these additives fall off from the toner surface due to friction between toners, collision with a carrier, friction with a conveying sleeve or roller, a regulation blade, a photosensitive drum, and the like. Contamination of body drums may occur. As a result, as the number of durable sheets increases, the chargeability deteriorates and deterioration due to contamination progresses, causing problems such as a change in image density and a decrease in image quality.

  As described above, it can be seen that there are very few charge control agents that can stably provide a toner with sufficient chargeability for a long period of time. In addition, in order to apply to a full-color toner, it is preferable that what is added to the toner is colorless, and very few can be put to practical use.

  Considering the background described above, studies for improving the charging characteristics of toners have been actively conducted, and in recent years, in particular, due to environmental considerations, more stable charging requirements, manufacturing costs, and the like. There has also been a proposal to use a resin having a charge control function as a toner raw material (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). Here, a toner containing a styrenic resin and a sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer is proposed, but the absolute value of the charge is increased, but the rise characteristic is insufficient. In particular, it is difficult to obtain dispersibility in a toner mainly containing a polyester resin, and it is necessary to introduce a considerable amount of charge control resin in order to obtain an absolute value of a desired charge amount, which adversely affects the manufacturing cost. In addition, there is a case in which a change in charge amount due to an environmental change between high temperature and high humidity and low temperature and low humidity tends to increase due to the influence of the polar group of the charge control resin.

  A PES-based charge control agent obtained by polycondensation of a monomer containing a sulfonic acid (salt) has been proposed as an improved dispersibility in a binder resin (see, for example, Patent Document 4). Although the charge control resin is polyester, compatibility with polyester-based binders and pigment dispersibility are improved, but the controllability of the absolute value of the charge amount is improved, but the rise of the charge amount is improved. It has not been improved. In addition, when used in large quantities, the stability associated with environmental changes may be impaired as in the above-described system.

  Further, a toner resin hybridized by sulfonic acid / glycidyl resin + PES + kneading has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 5), but it has not yet improved the rising property of charging.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-012467 Patent No. No. 2663016 Patent No. No. 2807795 JP 2003-215853 A JP 2003-131435 A

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to obtain a toner resin having a good rise in charge.

  Another object of the present invention is to obtain a toner resin capable of minimizing the change in the charge amount accompanying the controllability of the toner charge amount and the change in the environment, or the change in the rising property of the charge. Furthermore, a sufficient charging performance can be obtained even with a small addition amount, and a toner resin having a large cost merit can be obtained.

  Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to obtain a toner that can obtain a stable concentration and image quality even in various environmental changes by using the toner resin as a toner.

  Another object of the present invention is to obtain a toner that can provide stable image quality and image density over a long period of time by using the toner resin as a toner, with little change in charge amount of the toner due to the image output operation of a large number of sheets. is there.

  The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by the toner resin and toner of the present invention, and have reached the present invention.

That is,
(1) A resin containing at least a polyester structure produced by polycondensation of at least a polyhydric alcohol component and a polycarboxylic acid component, wherein the resin contains at least a sulfonic acid ester unit represented by Formula 1. Characteristic toner resin.

（式中、Ｙ₁，Ｙ₂は独立に水素原子またはメチル基、エチル基、芳香族基を表し、Ｘ₁はメチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基から選ばれる官能基を表す。）
（２）前記樹脂中のスルホン酸エステルユニットの含有率が０．１〜０．９ｍｍｏｌ／ｇであることを特徴とする（１）に記載のトナー用樹脂。
（３）前記樹脂が少なくともビニル単量体で変性されたビニル変性樹脂ユニットを含有することを特徴とする（１）または（２）に記載のトナー用樹脂。
（４）前記樹脂のビニル変性比が１０．０乃至９０．０％であることを特徴とする（３）に記載のトナー用樹脂。
（５）前記ビニル変性樹脂ユニットが少なくとも化式１で示されるスルホン酸エステルユニットを含有することを特徴とする（３）または（４）に記載のトナー用樹脂。
（６）前記樹脂中に含有するスルホン酸エステルユニットが化式２で示されることを特徴とする（１）〜（５）に記載のトナー用樹脂。

(Wherein Y ₁ and Y ₂ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or an aromatic group, and X ₁ represents a functional group selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group and an isopropyl group.)
(2) The resin for toner according to (1) the content of sulfonate units in said resin is 0.1~0.9mmol / g.
(3) The toner resin according to (1) or (2), wherein the resin contains a vinyl-modified resin unit modified with at least a vinyl monomer.
(4) The resin for toner according to (3) that vinyl-modified ratio of the resin is 10.0 to 90.0%.
(5) The toner resin according to (3) or (4) , wherein the vinyl-modified resin unit contains at least a sulfonic acid ester unit represented by Formula 1.
(6) The toner resin according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the sulfonic acid ester unit contained in the resin is represented by Formula 2.

（式中、Ａは置換基があってもよい脂肪族基を表し、Ｘ１はメチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基から選ばれる官能基を表す。）
（７）前記樹脂の重量平均分子量（Ｍｗ）が２０００〜２０万であることを特徴とする（１）〜（６）に記載のトナー用樹脂。
（８）前記樹脂の酸価が０．１〜５０．０ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇであることを特徴とする（１）〜（７）に記載のトナー用樹脂。
（９）結着樹脂と着色剤と荷電制御樹脂を少なくとも含有するトナー粒子を有するトナーであって、該荷電制御樹脂が（１）〜（８）に記載のトナー用樹脂であることを特徴とするトナー。

(In the formula, A represents an aliphatic group which may have a substituent, and X1 represents a functional group selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group and an isopropyl group.)
(7) The resin for toner according to (1) to (6), wherein the resin has a weight average molecular weight ( Mw ) of 2000 to 200,000.
(8) The resin for toner according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the acid value of the resin is 0.1 to 5 0.0 mgKOH / g.
(9) A toner having toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control resin, wherein the charge control resin is the toner resin according to any one of (1) to (8). Toner.

(10) A two-component developer having at least a toner and a carrier, wherein the toner is the toner described in (9) .
Therefore, the object of the present invention can be suitably achieved.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a resin for toner having a good rise in charge, thereby minimizing the controllability of the toner charge amount and the change in charge amount due to environmental changes. As a result, it is possible to obtain a toner capable of obtaining a stable density and image quality even in various environmental changes.

  The resin having a polyester structure that can be used in the present invention is a resin containing at least a polyester structure formed by polycondensation of at least a polyhydric alcohol component and a polyvalent carboxylic acid component. It is necessary to contain at least the sulfonate ester unit indicated. Although details are not clear, the coexistence of this polyester structure and sulfonic acid ester unit in the resin has resulted in effects that could not be manifested in conventional non-esterified resins, that is, environmental changes such as temperature and humidity. It was found that the rise characteristic of the charge which is not easily affected is obtained, and further, the charge-up of the toner is small even when the toner is repeatedly charged many times. In addition to the sulfonic acid ester unit as shown in the chemical formula 2, the amide bond coexists to improve the charging characteristics, which is a more preferable embodiment.

  Moreover, the objective of this invention can be achieved more suitably by using the hybrid resin modified with the vinyl monomer as the resin having a polyester structure. It is thought that the presence of the sulfonic acid ester unit in the hybrid resin further increases the compatibility with the binder resin and facilitates the dispersion of the sulfonic acid ester unit. Also, from the viewpoint of the production method, the type containing a sulfonic acid ester unit in the vinyl-modified resin unit is preferable because the number of steps required for resin production is smaller, the unit content can be easily controlled, and there is an advantage in cost. It becomes an aspect. In the hybrid resin, the vinyl modification ratio is preferably 10.0 to 90.0%, and more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 60.0%, since there is a merit in the manufacturing method.

  A known method can be used for adjusting the vinyl modification ratio in the hybrid resin. Specifically, an arbitrary modification ratio can be adjusted by changing the charged amount ratio of the polyester resin component to be used and the vinyl monomer component.

The sulfonic acid ester unit of the present invention may exist in either a vinyl resin unit or a polyester resin unit, and may exist in a side chain or a terminal. The substituent X ₁ in the chemical formulas 1 and 2 needs to be a methyl group, an ethyl group, or an isopropyl group. When X ₁ is a hydrogen atom, the charging performance as in the present invention cannot be obtained as described in the prior art. When an aliphatic group having a carbon number larger than that of the isopropyl group is introduced, the stability of the ester group itself is lowered, and the desired charging performance may not be obtained due to the liberation of the ester group during toner preparation. It is not preferable.

Y ₁ and Y _{2 in} Formula 1 need to be independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or an aromatic group. Further, the functional group A in the chemical formula 2 represents an aliphatic group which may have a substituent and is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, —CH ₂ —, — (CH ₂ ) ₂ —, _{-C (CH 3) 2 -CH 2} - and the like.

  The sulfonic acid ester unit content in the toner resin used in the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 0.9 mmol / g. Although the control method differs depending on the resin production method, the content can be arbitrarily controlled as long as it is the aforementioned method. For example, the unit amount of carboxylic acid residues can be controlled by increasing the valence of the polyvalent carboxylic acid that is the raw material of the polyester, or by changing the charged molar ratio of the acid component and the alcohol component. Examples include a method of converting to an acid ester unit. In the hybrid resin, it is possible to control the unit content by adjusting the ratio of the sulfonic acid ester unit in the vinyl-modified monomer.

  If the content of the sulfonic acid ester unit is less than 0.1 mmol / g, sufficient charge rising property may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.9 mmol / g, the development / transferability may be deteriorated.

  The toner resin of the present invention may contain a sulfonic acid group or a carboxyl group.

  The following are mentioned as a polyhydric alcohol component which comprises resin containing the said polyester structure. Specifically, for example, as the dihydric alcohol component, polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (3.3) -2,2-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.0) -polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2 -Alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A such as bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, Opentyl glycol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, bisphenol A And hydrogenated bisphenol A.

  Examples of the trivalent or higher alcohol component include sorbitol, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, glycerol, 2-methylpropanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, etc. Can be mentioned.

  Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid component include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid or anhydrides thereof; alkyl dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid or anhydrides thereof; And succinic acid substituted with an alkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, maleic acid and citraconic acid or anhydrides thereof; and the like.

  Among them, in particular, a carboxylic acid component (for example, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalate, which includes a bisphenol derivative as a diol component and a divalent or higher carboxylic acid or an acid anhydride thereof, or a lower alkyl ester thereof) A polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of these compounds using acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, or the like as an acid component can be preferably used.

  Moreover, a well-known thing can be used as a vinyl monomer which can be used for hybridization of a polyester resin by this invention. Specifically, for example, styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, pn-butyl. Styrene, p-tert-butyl styrene, pn-hexyl styrene, pn-octyl styrene, pn-nonyl styrene, pn-decyl styrene, pn-dodecyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p Styrene and its derivatives such as chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, m-nitrostyrene, o-nitrostyrene, p-nitrostyrene; styrene unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene; butadiene , Unsaturated polyenes such as isoprene; vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride Vinyl halides such as vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl benzoate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters such as isobutyl, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate; acrylic Methyl acid, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate Acrylic esters such as 2-chloroethyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and methyl isopropenyl ketone; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl pyrrole, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl indole, N-vinyl pyrrolidone; vinyl naphthalenes; acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, etc., maleic acid, Unsaturated dibasic acids such as citraconic acid, itaconic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid; maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, alkenyl succinic anhydride Unsaturated dibasic acid anhydrides such as: maleic acid methyl half ester, maleic acid ethyl half ester, maleic acid butyl half ester, citraconic acid methyl half ester, citraconic acid ethyl half ester, citraconic acid butyl half ester, itaconic acid methyl half Ester, alkenyl succinic acid methyl half ester, fumaric acid methyl half ester, mesaconic acid methyl half ester half ester of unsaturated dibasic acid; dimethylmaleic acid, unsaturated dibasic acid ester such as dimethyl fumaric acid; acrylic acid, Α, β-unsaturated acids such as methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and cinnamic acid; α, β-unsaturated acid anhydrides such as crotonic anhydride and cinnamic anhydride, α, β-unsaturated acids and lower fatty acids Anhydrides of alkenyl malonic acid, alkenyl gluta Monomers having a carboxyl group such as phosphoric acid, alkenyl adipic acid, acid anhydrides and monoesters thereof, and acrylic acid such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate Or methacrylates; monomers having a hydroxyl group such as 4- (1-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl) styrene and 4- (1-hydroxy-1-methylhexyl) styrene.

  Various known methods can be used as the method for producing the toner resin of the present invention. When the resin having a polyester structure is a polyester resin, for example, (1) a method of converting to a sulfonic acid ester unit by an organic reaction using a reaction residue of a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group contained in the polyester structure, (2 ) A method for preparing polyester using a polyhydric alcohol or polycarboxylic acid having a sulfonic acid ester unit, or (3) Introduction of a functional group that facilitates the introduction of a sulfonic acid ester unit into the polyhydric alcohol or polycarboxylic acid in advance. The method of doing it etc. is mentioned.

  Further, when the resin having a polyester structure is a hybrid resin, (4) a method of hybridizing the polyester resin containing the sulfonic acid ester unit with a vinyl monomer, or (5) as a vinyl monomer ( (6) A method of converting an acid group into a sulfonic acid ester unit by an organic reaction after resinification using a compound having a carboxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid, and (6) using a vinyl monomer having a sulfonic acid ester unit. Examples include a method of hybridizing a polyester resin.

  As a method for hybridizing a polyester resin with a vinyl monomer, a known method can be used, and it is effective as the method (4). Specific examples include a method in which a polyester is vinyl-modified with a peroxide-based initiator or a polyester resin having an unsaturated group is graft-modified to produce a hybrid resin.

  Alternatively, as a specific method of (5), a carboxyl group present in the resin is amidated using a compound having an amino group and a sulfonic acid group such as aminomethanesulfonic acid or aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine), and further a sulfone. The method etc. which esterify an acid with a well-known esterifying agent can be mentioned.

  Moreover, a well-known thing can be utilized as a vinyl monomer which has a sulfonate ester unit which can be used by the method of (6). Specifically, methyl vinyl sulfonate, ethyl vinyl sulfonate, isopropyl vinyl sulfonate, methyl 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonate, ethyl 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonate, 2- Isopropyl methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonate, methyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, ethyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, isopropyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, 2- Methyl acrylamide methyl sulfonate, ethyl 2-acrylamidomethyl sulfonate, isopropyl 2-acrylamidomethyl sulfonate, methyl 2-acrylamidoethyl sulfonate, ethyl 2-acrylamidoethyl sulfonate, 2-acrylamidoethyl sulfonate Propyl and the like.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the toner resin that can be used in the present invention is 2000 to 200,000, whereby the object of the present invention is more preferably achieved. If it is less than 2,000, the number of units represented by Formula 1 that can be introduced into one molecule of the resin becomes too small, and it may not be possible to uniformly introduce the units. Further, when this is used for toner, because of its low molecular weight, the developing sleeve, charging blade, magnetic carrier, etc., which are charge imparting members, are likely to be contaminated, and at the same time, the chargeability that is the original function cannot be maintained. On the other hand, when it is larger than 200,000, the dispersibility in the binder resin is inhibited when the toner is formed, and the charging function of the present invention may not be exhibited, or the toner fixing property may be inhibited. As a method for adjusting the weight average molecular weight, a known method can be used. Specifically, in the polyester resin, it can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the charging ratio of the acid component and the alcohol component and the polymerization time. In addition, in the hybrid resin, in addition to adjusting the molecular weight of the polyester component, it is possible to adjust the molecular weight of the vinyl-modified unit. Specifically, it can be arbitrarily adjusted by the radical initiator amount, the polymerization temperature, etc. in the vinyl modification reaction step.

  The acid value of the toner resin that can be used in the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 50.0 mgKOH / g. An acid value of less than 0.1 mg KOH / g is impossible in the manufacturing process and there is no particular consideration. However, when it exceeds 50.0 mg KOH / g, the charge amount is easily affected by changes in the surrounding environment, and the resin of the present invention The case where an effect is not exhibited arises and it is not preferable. Various known methods can be used as the method for adjusting the acid value. Specifically, in the polyester resin, the amount of carboxylic acid residues in the resin is adjusted by the ratio of the charged component of the acid component and the alcohol component. Alternatively, adjustment can be made by controlling the amount of acid groups derived from the vinyl monomer in the vinyl resin unit.

  Next, the toner that can be used in the present invention will be described below.

  The toner of the present invention is a toner containing at least the above-mentioned toner resin, binder resin, and colorant. By using this resin for toner, it is possible to realize a charging characteristic that has not been obtained conventionally, that is, an improvement in the rising speed of charging, and an absolute value and rising speed of the charge amount that are less dependent on environmental changes.

  Details of the toner of the present invention will be described below.

  As the binder resin that can be used in the toner of the present invention, known resins can be used, and vinyl resins such as styrene-acrylic resins, polyester resins, or hybrid resins obtained by combining them can be used. . In particular, when compatibility with the toner resin of the present invention is taken into account, the polyester resin or the hybrid resin tends to exhibit an effect.

The toner of the present invention may be either magnetic toner or non-magnetic toner. When used as a magnetic toner, the following magnetic materials are preferably used. Magnetic materials contained in the magnetic toner include iron oxides such as magnetite, maghemite and ferrite, or iron oxides containing other metal oxides; metals such as Fe, Co and Ni, or these metals and Al and Co. , Cu, Pb, Mg, Ni, Sn, Zn, Sb, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Mn, alloys with metals such as Se, Ti, W, and V, and mixtures thereof.
For example, triiron tetroxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ), iron sesquioxide (γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ ), zinc iron oxide (ZnFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron yttrium oxide (Y ₃ Fe ₅ O ₁₂ ), cadmium iron oxide (CdFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron gadolinium oxide (Gd ₃ Fe ₅ O ₁₂ ), copper iron oxide (CuFe ₂ O ₄ ), lead iron oxide (PbFe ₁₂ O ₁₉ ), nickel iron oxide (NiFe ₂ O ₄ ), oxidation Iron neodymium (NdFe ₂ O ₃ ), iron barium oxide (BaFe ₁₂ O ₁₉ ), iron magnesium oxide (MgFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron oxide manganese (MnFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron lanthanum oxide (LaFeO ₃ ), iron powder ( Fe), cobalt powder (Co), nickel powder (Ni) and the like. The magnetic materials described above are used alone or in combination of two or more. A magnetic material particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention is a fine powder of iron trioxide or γ-iron trioxide.

These magnetic materials have an average particle size of 0.1 to 2 μm (preferably 0.1 to 0.3 μm) and a magnetic property of 795.8 kA / m (10 K oersted) applied, with a coercive force (Hc) of 1. 6 to 12 kA / m (20 to 150 oersted), saturation magnetization (σr) of 5 to 200 Am ² / kg (5 to 200 emu / g), preferably 50 to 100 / Am ² / kg, residual magnetization (σr) of 2 Those of ˜20 Am ² / kg ( ^{2 to 20} emu / g) are preferred.

  The magnetic material is used in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 150 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

  On the other hand, known colorants such as various conventionally known dyes and pigments can be used as the colorant when used as a non-magnetic toner.

  For example, as magenta coloring pigments, for example, C.I. I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 68, 81, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 112, 114, 122, 123, 163, 202, 206, 207, 209, C.I. I. Pigment violet 19, C.I. I. Bat red 1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 23, 29, 35, etc. are mentioned. Such a pigment may be used alone, or a dye and a pigment may be used in combination. Examples of the magenta dye include C.I. I. Solvent Red 1, 3, 8, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 49, 81, 82, 83, 84, 100, 109, 121, C.I. I. Disper thread 9, C.I. I. Solvent Violet 8, 13, 14, 21, 27, C.I. I. Oil-soluble dyes such as disperse violet 1, C.I. I. Basic Red 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, C.I. I. Basic dyes such as basic violet 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, 21, 25, 26, 27, and 28 are listed.

  Examples of the color pigment for cyan include C.I. I. Pigment blue 2, 3, 15, 16, 17, C.I. I. Bat Blue 6, C.I. I. Acid Blue 45, or a copper phthalocyanine pigment having 1 to 5 phthalimidomethyl groups substituted on the phthalocyanine skeleton.

  Examples of the color pigment for yellow include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 65, 73, 83, 180, C.I. I. Bat yellow 1, 3, 20 etc. are mentioned.

  As the black colorant, for example, carbon black, aniline black, acetylene black, and those that are toned in black using the yellow / magenta / cyan colorant shown above can be used.

  In addition, although the usage-amount of a coloring agent changes with kinds of coloring agent, 0.1-60 mass parts in total with respect to 100 mass parts of binder resins, Preferably 0.5-50 mass parts is suitable.

  By the way, in order to improve the offset property to the fixing device at the time of fixing the toner, it is common to apply oil to the fixing device or introduce a release agent such as wax in the toner in advance. Also in the toner of the present invention, a release agent may be contained in the toner. The release agent that can be used in the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used. For example, aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax; oxides of aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as oxidized polyethylene wax; block copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes Waxes based on fatty acid esters such as carnauba wax, sazol wax, and montanic acid ester wax; and fatty acids such as deacidified carnauba wax partially or wholly deoxidized; fatty acids such as behenic acid monoglyceride; Examples include partially esterified products of polyhydric alcohols; methyl ester compounds having a hydroxyl group obtained by hydrogenating vegetable oils and fats.

  The molecular weight distribution of the release agent used in the present invention is preferably such that the main peak is in the region of molecular weight 400-2400, more preferably in the region of 430-2000, and imparts favorable thermal characteristics to the toner. Can do.

  Moreover, as addition amount of a mold release agent, it is preferable that content with respect to 100 mass parts of binder resin is 2.5-15.0 mass parts in total, Furthermore, it is 3.0-10.0 mass parts. It is more preferable. If the amount of the release agent added is less than 2.5 parts by mass, oilless fixing becomes difficult. If the amount exceeds 15.0 parts by mass, the amount of the release agent in the toner is too large. A large amount exists on the surface, which may hinder desired charging characteristics, which is not preferable.

  As a means for producing the toner of the present invention, a binder resin, a colorant and / or a magnetic material, a charge control agent or other additives are sufficiently mixed by a mixer such as a Henschel mixer or a ball mill, and a kneader or an extruder is used. Toner particles can be obtained by melting, kneading and kneading using such a heat kneader, pulverizing the solidified product after cooling and solidifying the molten kneaded product, and classifying the pulverized product.

Further, the fluidity improver and the toner particles can be sufficiently mixed by a mixing machine such as a Henschel mixer to obtain a toner having the fluidity improver on the toner particle surface. As the fluidity improver, the fluidity can be increased by adding the toner particles externally before and after the addition. For example, fluororesin powder such as vinylidene fluoride fine powder, polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder; silica fine powder by wet production method, silica fine powder such as silica fine powder by dry production method, these silica fine powders as silane coupling agent, Examples thereof include a treated silica fine powder subjected to a surface treatment with a treating agent such as a titanium coupling agent and silicone oil; a titanium oxide fine powder; an alumina fine powder, a treated titanium oxide fine powder, and a treated alumina oxide fine powder. A fluidity improver having a specific surface area of 30 m ² / g or more, preferably 50 m ² / g or more, gives good results by nitrogen adsorption measured by the BET method. The flow improver is used in an amount of 0.01 to 8.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 4.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the toner particles.

  In the present invention, the weight average particle diameter (D4) of the toner is 3.0 to 15.0 μm, preferably 4.0 to 12.0 μm. When the weight average particle diameter (D4) of the toner is less than 3.0 μm, it becomes difficult to achieve charging stabilization when applied to an electrophotographic development system, and fogging occurs in continuous development operation (endurance operation) of a large number of sheets. And toner scattering is likely to occur. When the weight average particle diameter (D4) of the toner exceeds 15.0 μm, the reproducibility of the halftone portion is greatly deteriorated, and the obtained image is not preferable because it becomes a gritty image.

  The toner of the present invention can be used as a one-component developer in which toner particles and the external additive are mixed, or as a two-component developer in which toner particles, the external additive and a magnetic carrier are mixed. When the toner of the present invention is used for a two-component developer, the toner is used by mixing with a magnetic carrier. Examples of magnetic carriers include surface oxidized or unoxidized iron, lithium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, chromium, rare earth metal particles, alloy particles thereof, oxide particles, ferrite and the like. Although fine particles can be used, the charging characteristics of the present invention can be more preferably achieved by using a magnetic fine particle dispersed resin carrier in which magnetic fine particles are dispersed in a resin.

  The coated carrier obtained by coating the surface of the magnetic carrier particles with a resin is particularly preferable in a developing method in which an AC bias is applied to the developing sleeve. Coating methods include a method in which a coating solution prepared by dissolving or suspending a coating material such as a resin in a solvent is adhered to the surface of the magnetic carrier core particles, and a method in which the magnetic carrier core particles and the coating material are mixed with powder. A conventionally known method can be applied.

  Examples of the coating material on the surface of the magnetic carrier core particles include silicone resin, polyester resin, styrene resin, acrylic resin, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, and aminoacrylate resin. These are used alone or in plural. The treatment amount of the coating material is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass (preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass) with respect to the carrier core particles. The average particle size of these carriers is preferably 10 to 100 μm, more preferably 20 to 70 μm.

  When a two-component developer is prepared by mixing the toner of the present invention and a magnetic carrier, the mixing ratio is usually 2 to 15% by mass, preferably 4 to 13% by mass as the toner concentration in the developer. Good results are obtained. If the toner concentration is less than 2% by mass, the image density tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 15% by mass, fogging or in-machine scattering tends to occur.

  In the toner of the present invention, an organometallic compound may be used in combination with the charge control resin of the present invention. For example, the metal compound of the aromatic oxycarboxylic acid derivative shown below is mentioned.

M ₂ in the above formula is a divalent metal atom, and Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Sr ²⁺ , Pb ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Co ²⁺ , Ni ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ Is mentioned. M ₃ is a trivalent metal atom, and examples thereof include Al ³⁺ , Cr ³⁺ , Fe ³⁺ , and Ni ³⁺ . M ₄ is a tetravalent metal atom, and examples thereof include Zr ⁴⁺ , Hf ⁴⁺ , Mn ⁴⁺ , and Co ⁴⁺ . Among these metal atoms, Al ³⁺ , Fe ³⁺ , Cr ³⁺ , Zr ⁴⁺ , Hf ⁴⁺ and Zn ²⁺ are ^preferable .

In the formula, R _{1 to} R ₄ represent the same or different groups, and are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, —OH, —NH ₂ , —NH (CH ₃ ), —N (CH ₃ ) ₂ , —OCH ₃ , —O (C ₂ H ₅ ), —COOH or —CONH ₂ . Preferable R ₁ includes a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a methoxy group, and among them, a hydroxyl group is preferable.

  The binder resin used in the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, styrene resin, acrylic resin (including methacrylic resin), styrene-acrylic resin (including methacrylic resin), polyethylene resin, polyethylene-vinyl acetate resin, vinyl acetate resin, polybutadiene resin, phenol resin, polyurethane Examples thereof include resins, polybutyral resins, polyester resins, and hybrid resins obtained by arbitrarily combining these resins. Among them, toner characteristics include styrene resins, acrylic resins (including methacrylic resins), styrene-acrylic resins (including methacrylic resins), polyester resins, and hybrid resins in which styrene-acrylic resins and polyester resins are combined. Desirably used above.

  As the polyester resin, a polyester resin that is usually produced using polyhydric alcohol and carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid ester, or the like as raw material monomers can be used. Specifically, for example, as the dihydric alcohol component, polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (3.3) -2,2-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.0) -polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2 -Alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A such as bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, Opentyl glycol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, bisphenol A And hydrogenated bisphenol A.

  Examples of trihydric or higher alcohol components include sorbitol, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, 1,2,4-butanetriol. 1,2,5-pentanetriol, glycerol, 2-methylpropanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-trihydroxymethylbenzene, etc. Is mentioned.

  Examples of the acid component include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid or anhydrides thereof; alkyl dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid or anhydrides thereof; Succinic acid substituted with an alkyl group of -12 or its anhydride; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, maleic acid and citraconic acid, or anhydrides thereof.

  Among them, in particular, a carboxylic acid component (for example, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalate, which includes a bisphenol derivative as a diol component and a divalent or higher carboxylic acid or an acid anhydride thereof, or a lower alkyl ester thereof) A polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the like as an acid component is preferable.

  On the other hand, as a hybrid resin, specifically, a polyester unit and a vinyl polymer unit obtained by polymerizing a monomer having a carboxylic acid ester group such as (meth) acrylic acid ester are combined by a transesterification reaction. Preferably, a graft copolymer (or block copolymer) in which a vinyl polymer is a trunk polymer and a polyester unit is a branch polymer is used. Examples of vinyl monomers for producing the vinyl (co) polymer and vinyl (co) polymer unit include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, and α-methylstyrene. , P-phenylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn- Nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, m-nitrostyrene, o-nitrostyrene, p-nitrostyrene Styrene and its derivatives; styrene unsaturated monoo such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and isobutylene Fins; Unsaturated polyenes such as butadiene and isoprene; Vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride; Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl benzoate; Methacryl Methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate , Α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic esters such as diethylaminoethyl methacrylate; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, acrylic acrylic esters such as n-octyl, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether; Vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and methyl isopropenyl ketone; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl pyrrole, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl indole and N-vinyl pyrrolidone; vinyl naphthalenes; acrylonitrile, methacrylate Examples include acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as nitrile and acrylamide.

  Further, examples of the vinyl monomer include unsaturated dibasic acids such as maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, fumaric acid and mesaconic acid; maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, Unsaturated dibasic acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydride; maleic acid methyl half ester, maleic acid ethyl half ester, maleic acid butyl half ester, citraconic acid methyl half ester, citraconic acid ethyl half ester, citraconic acid butyl half ester Unsaturated dibasic acids such as dimethylmaleic acid and dimethylfumaric acid, methyl itaconate, half-esters of itaconic acid, methyl alkenylsuccinic acid half-ester, methyl fumarate half-ester, methyl mesaconic acid half-ester Α, β-unsaturated acids such as basic acid esters; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid; α, β-unsaturated acid anhydrides such as crotonic acid anhydride and cinnamic acid anhydride, α, β- Examples include anhydrides of unsaturated acids and lower fatty acids; monomers having a carboxyl group such as alkenylmalonic acid, alkenylglutaric acid, alkenyladipic acid, acid anhydrides and monoesters thereof. Also, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate; 4- (1-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl) styrene, 4- (1-hydroxy-1) -Methylhexyl) Monomers having a hydroxy group such as styrene.

  In the toner of the present invention, the vinyl polymer or vinyl polymer unit used in the binder resin may have a crosslinked structure crosslinked with a crosslinking agent having two or more vinyl groups. Examples of the crosslinking agent used in this case include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene, ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5, and the like. Dipentyldiol diacrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate and diacrylate compounds linked by alkyl chain, such as those obtained by replacing acrylate of the above compound with methacrylate, such as diethylene glycol diacrylate , Triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 400 diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 600 diacrylate, dipropylene Diacrylate compounds linked with an alkyl chain containing an ether bond, such as glycol diacrylate and acrylates of the above compounds replaced with methacrylate, such as polyoxyethylene (2) -2,2-bis (4- Hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, polyoxyethylene (4) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, and aromatic groups and ether bonds such as those obtained by replacing the acrylate of the above compound with methacrylate. Examples thereof include diacrylate compounds linked with a chain. Examples of the polyfunctional crosslinking agent include pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylol ethane triacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate, oligoester acrylate, and those obtained by replacing the acrylate of the above compounds with methacrylate, Examples include allyl cyanurate and triallyl trimellitate.

  The measurement method used in the present invention will be described below.

<Molecular weight of resin>
The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the copolymer are calculated in terms of polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). However, the copolymer does not contain sulfonic acid groups as in the copolymer of the present invention. Since the column elution rate also depends on the amount of sulfonic acid groups, the accurate molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are not measured. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a material in which the sulfonic acid group is capped beforehand. Methyl esterification is preferable for capping, and a commercially available methyl esterifying agent can be used. Specifically, a method of treating with trimethylsilyldiazomethane can be mentioned.

  Measurement of molecular weight by GPC may be performed as follows.

  A solution obtained by adding the copolymer to THF (tetrahydrofuran) and allowing to stand at room temperature for 24 hours is filtered through a solvent-resistant membrane filter having a pore diameter of 0.2 μm to obtain a sample solution, which is measured under the following conditions. In addition, sample preparation adjusts the quantity of THF so that the density | concentration of a copolymer may be 0.4-0.6 mass%.

Apparatus: High-speed GPC HLC8120 GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)
Column: Shodex KF-801, 802, 803, 804,
Seven series of 805, 806, 807 (made by Showa Denko KK)
Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min
Oven temperature: 40.0 ° C
Sample injection volume: 0.10 ml

  In calculating the molecular weight of the sample, standard polystyrene resin (TSO Standard Polystyrene F-850, F-450, F-288, F-128, F-80, F-40, F-20, F- manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was used. 10, F-4, F-2, F-1, A-5000, A-2500, A-1000, A-500).

<Resin acid value>
In addition, the acid value in this invention is calculated | required with the following method.

Basic operation is based on JIS K-0070.
1) Weigh accurately 0.5 to 2.0 g of pulverized sample. The mass at this time is defined as W (g).
2) Put the sample in a 300 ml beaker, and add 150 ml of a toluene / ethanol (4/1) mixture to dissolve.
3) Perform titration using a 0.1 mol / l ethanol solution of KOH using a potentiometric titrator (for example, a potentiometric titrator AT-400 (winworkstation) manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Co., Ltd.) and an ABP-410 electric burette. Automatic titration using can be used.)
4) The amount of KOH solution used at this time is S (ml). At the same time, a blank is measured, and the amount of KOH used at this time is defined as B (ml).
5) Calculate the acid value according to the following formula. f is a factor of KOH.
Acid value (mgKOH / g) = {(SB) × f × 5.61} / W

<Composition analysis>
The structure of the produced resin was determined using the following apparatus.
FT-IR spectrum AVATAR360FT-IR manufactured by Nicolet
¹ H-NMR, ¹³ C-NMR
FT-NMR JNM-EX400 manufactured by JEOL (solvent: heavy chloroform)
Elemental analysis Elemental analyzer EA-1108 manufactured by Carlo Elba (calculates C, O, S and N amounts)

<Weight average particle diameter of toner>
The weight average particle diameter and particle size distribution of the toner can be measured by a method using a Coulter Counter TA-II type or Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Coulter). In the examples of the present invention, Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) was used. As the electrolytic solution, a 1% NaCl aqueous solution prepared using primary sodium chloride, for example, ISOTON R-II (manufactured by Coulter Scientific Japan) can be used. As a measuring method, 0.1 to 5 ml of a surfactant, preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate, is added as a dispersant to 100 to 150 ml of the electrolytic aqueous solution, and 2 to 20 mg of a measurement sample is further added. The electrolyte in which the sample is suspended is subjected to a dispersion process for about 1 to 3 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser, and the volume and number of toner particles having a size of 2 μm or more are measured with the Coulter Multisizer using a 100 μm aperture. The number distribution was calculated, and the weight average particle diameter (D4) was measured therefrom.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. All parts used in the examples indicate parts by mass.

Production Examples of Sulfonic Acid Ester Group-Containing Resins Toner resins a to j were synthesized by the following method.

<Synthesis Example 1 of Toner Resin>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 66.1 parts of bisphenol A / propylene oxide 2 mol adduct, 33.9 parts of dimethyl terephthalic acid and potassium titanyl oxalate 2 as a condensation catalyst The reaction was carried out for 10 hours while distilling off methanol produced at 230 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. Subsequently, it was made to react under the reduced pressure of 5-20 mmHg, and it took out when the hydroxyl value became 50 or more, and obtained the polyester resin. This polyester resin contained no THF-insoluble matter, and had an acid value of 0, a hydroxyl value of 54, Tg of 54 ° C., Mn of 1780, and Mw of 3950.

  To a solution obtained by dissolving 20 parts of the obtained polyester resin in 80 parts of methoxybutyl acetate, a mixture of 3.0 parts of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate, 0.03 part of dibutyltin laurate and 10 parts of methoxybutyl acetate was added dropwise. While the progress of the reaction was monitored by IR (infrared absorption spectrum), the reaction was continued until the peak due to the isocyanate group of 2200 cm −1 disappeared. The reaction solution was added dropwise to hexane for reprecipitation purification. After filtration, it was dried under reduced pressure to obtain a polyester resin 1 having an unsaturated bond at the terminal.

Subsequently, 100 parts of xylene and 70 parts of polyester resin 1 were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube, and stirred at 50 ° C. in a nitrogen stream. next,
・ Methyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate 7.5 parts ・ Styrene 22.0 parts ・ Acrylic acid 0.5 part ・ t-butylperoxyisopropyl monocarbonate (Perbutyl I: manufactured by NOF Corporation) 1 .8 parts were mixed, dropped into the reaction vessel, and heated to 120 to 125 ° C. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours under reflux conditions and cooled to room temperature. Then, it was dripped at 600 parts of hexane, and refinement | purification by reprecipitation and filtration was performed. Further, it was filtered and washed twice with 200 parts of hexane, and dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a toner resin a. From the result of ¹ H-NMR, the obtained resin a was confirmed to contain 0.46 mmol / g of the unit from the peak derived from methyl sulfonate.

<Synthesis Example 2 of Toner Resin>
Resin b for toner was obtained by synthesizing in the same manner as in Resin a synthesis except that methyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate was changed to ethyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate. From the result of ¹ H-NMR, the obtained resin b was confirmed to contain 0.50 mmol / g of the unit from the peak derived from ethyl sulfonate.

<Synthesis Example 3 of Toner Resin>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, stirrer, thermometer and nitrogen inlet tube, 26.6 parts propylene glycol, 103.8 parts terephthalic acid, 9.7 parts adipic acid, 23.5 parts maleic anhydride and condensation As a catalyst, 2.0 parts of tetrastearyl titanate was added and reacted at 230 ° C. for 6 hours while distilling off the water generated in a nitrogen stream. Subsequently, it was made to react under reduced pressure of 5-20 mmHg for 8 hours, and the unsaturated polyester resin 2 was obtained. This polyester resin 2 did not contain THF-insoluble matter, and had an acid value of 15.0, a hydroxyl value of 61.0, Tg of 47.2 ° C., Mn of 1900, and Mw of 3900.

Next, 100 parts of xylene and 70 parts of polyester resin 2 were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling pipe, a stirrer, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction pipe, and stirred at 50 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. next,
-Styrene 20.0 parts-2-ethylhexyl acrylate 2.5 parts-Acrylic acid 7.5 parts-t-Butylperoxyisopropyl monocarbonate (manufactured by Perbutyl I Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) 1.6 parts in the reaction vessel The solution was dropped and heated to 120 to 125 ° C. The mixture was stirred for 6 hours under reflux conditions and cooled to room temperature. Then, it was dripped at 600 parts of hexane, and refinement | purification by reprecipitation and filtration was performed. Further, it was filtered and washed twice with 200 parts of hexane, and dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain hybrid resin 1. Hybrid resin 1 did not contain THF-insoluble matter, and had an acid value of 73.4, a hydroxyl value of 36.6, Tg of 53.5 ° C., Mn of 2800, and Mw of 7900.

In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 100 parts of hybrid resin 1 and 160 parts of taurine were added, and 368 parts of pyridine were added and stirred, and then 805 parts of triphenyl phosphite And heated at 120 ° C. for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, it was recovered by reprecipitation in 1000 parts of ethanol. The obtained polymer was washed twice with 200 parts of 1N hydrochloric acid, then washed twice with 200 parts of water, and dried under reduced pressure. As a result of IR measurement, the peak at 1695 cm ⁻¹ derived from the carboxylic acid decreased, and a new peak derived from the amide bond was confirmed at 1658 cm ⁻¹ . In addition, from the result of ¹ H-NMR, it was confirmed that the peak derived from the methylene structure of taurine was shifted, so that the obtained polymer contained 0.63 mmol / g of sulfonic acid unit. It was.

  Furthermore, 400 parts of trimethyl orthoformate was charged in a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube and heated to 80 ° C. To this, 100 parts of the polymer obtained was added in 5 minutes and then stirred for 15 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was added dropwise to 9000 parts of hexane with stirring. The resin was deposited and allowed to stand for a while. The supernatant was removed by decantation, and 500 parts of chloroform was added to the residue and dissolved. This was dropped into 7500 parts of hexane under stirring, precipitated and precipitated, the supernatant was removed by decantation, and the residue was dried under reduced pressure. This was washed with 300 parts of methanol and further with 300 parts of water. This was dried under reduced pressure to obtain a resin c for toner.

<Synthesis Example 4 of Toner Resin>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 100 parts of xylene and 93 parts of the polyester resin 1 prepared in Synthesis Example 1 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. under a nitrogen stream.

next,
・ Methyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate 6.5 parts ・ Acrylic acid 0.5 part ・ t-butylperoxyisopropyl monocarbonate (Perbutyl I: manufactured by NOF Corporation) The reaction vessel was dropped and heated to 120 to 125 ° C. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours under reflux conditions and cooled to room temperature. Then, it was dripped at 600 parts of hexane, and refinement | purification by reprecipitation and filtration was performed. Further, it was filtered and washed twice with 200 parts of hexane and dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a toner resin d. From the result of ¹ H-NMR, the obtained resin d was confirmed to contain 0.37 mmol / g of the unit from the peak derived from methyl sulfonate.

<Synthesis Example 5 of Toner Resin>
70.0 parts of bisphenol A / propylene oxide 2-mol adduct, 25 parts of terephthalic acid, 5.0 parts of trimellitic anhydride and condensation catalyst in a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser, stirrer, thermometer and nitrogen inlet 2 parts of potassium titanyl oxalate was added and reacted at 230 ° C. for 10 hours while distilling off the water generated in a nitrogen stream. Subsequently, it was made to react under reduced pressure of 5-20 mmHg, and when the acid value became 25, it took out and the polyester resin 2 was obtained. This polyester resin 2 had a THF insoluble content of 9.0%, an acid value of 24.5, a hydroxyl value of 33.0, Tg of 64 ° C., Mn of 4700, and Mw of 36200.

Next, 100 parts of polyester resin 2 and 38 parts of taurine are placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling pipe, a stirrer, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction pipe, and after adding 380 parts of pyridine and stirring, triphenyl phosphite 135 parts were added and heated at 120 ° C. for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, it was recovered by reprecipitation in 500 parts of ethanol. The obtained polymer was washed twice with 200 parts of 1N hydrochloric acid, then washed twice with 200 parts of water, and dried under reduced pressure. As a result of IR measurement, the peak at 1695 cm ⁻¹ derived from the carboxylic acid decreased, and a new peak derived from the amide bond was confirmed at 1658 cm ⁻¹ . In addition, from the result of ¹ H-NMR, since the peak derived from the methylene group of taurine is shifted, it was confirmed that the obtained polymer contained 0.44 mmol / g of sulfonic acid unit. It was.

  Furthermore, 400 parts of trimethyl orthoformate was charged in a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube and heated to 80 ° C. To this, 100 parts of the polymer obtained was added in 5 minutes and then stirred for 15 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was added dropwise to 9000 parts of hexane with stirring. The resin was deposited and allowed to stand for a while. The supernatant was removed by decantation, and 500 parts of chloroform was added to the residue and dissolved. This was dropped into 7500 parts of hexane under stirring, precipitated and precipitated, the supernatant was removed by decantation, and the residue was dried under reduced pressure. This was washed with 300 parts of methanol and further with 300 parts of water. This was dried under reduced pressure to obtain toner resin e.

<Synthesis Example 6 of Toner Resin>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 65.6 parts of bisphenol A / propylene oxide 2-mol adduct, 34.4 parts of 2-sulfomethylsuccinic acid and oxalic acid as a condensation catalyst 2 parts of titanyl potassium was added and reacted at 230 ° C. for 10 hours while distilling off methanol produced under a nitrogen stream. Subsequently, it was made to react under the reduced pressure of 5-20 mmHg, and it took out when the hydroxyl value became 50 or more, and obtained the polyester resin. Furthermore, 400 parts of trimethyl orthoformate was charged in a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube and heated to 80 ° C. To this, 100 parts of the polymer obtained was added in 5 minutes and then stirred for 15 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was added dropwise to 9000 parts of hexane with stirring. The resin was deposited and allowed to stand for a while. The supernatant was removed by decantation, and 500 parts of chloroform was added to the residue and dissolved. This was dropped into 7500 parts of hexane under stirring, precipitated and precipitated, the supernatant was removed by decantation, and the residue was dried under reduced pressure. This was washed with 300 parts of methanol and further with 300 parts of water. This was dried under reduced pressure to obtain toner resin f.

  This polyester resin f did not contain THF-insoluble matter, and had an acid value of 2.4, a hydroxyl value of 53, Tg of 59 ° C., Mn of 3220, and Mw of 8990.

<Toner Resin Synthesis Example 7>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube, 100 parts of xylene and 70 parts of the polyester resin 1 prepared in Synthesis Example 1 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. in a nitrogen stream. next,
・ Methyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate 20.0 parts ・ Styrene 9.0 parts ・ Acrylic acid 1.0 part ・ t-butyl peroxyisopropyl monocarbonate (Perbutyl I: manufactured by NOF Corporation) 1 .8 parts were mixed, dropped into the reaction vessel, and heated to 120 to 125 ° C. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours under reflux conditions and cooled to room temperature. Then, it was dripped at 600 parts of hexane, and refinement | purification by reprecipitation and filtration was performed. Further, it was filtered and washed twice with 200 parts of hexane, and dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain toner resin g. From the result of ¹ H-NMR, the obtained resin g was confirmed to contain 1.10 mmol / g of the unit from the peak derived from methyl sulfonate.

<Synthesis Example 8 of Toner Resin>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube, 100 parts of xylene and 70 parts of the polyester resin 1 prepared in Synthesis Example 1 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. in a nitrogen stream. next,
・ Methyl 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate 9.0 parts ・ Styrene 18.0 parts ・ Acrylic acid 3.0 parts ・ t-butylperoxyisopropyl monocarbonate (Perbutyl I: manufactured by NOF Corporation) 1 .8 parts were mixed, dropped into the reaction vessel, and heated to 120 to 125 ° C. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours under reflux conditions and cooled to room temperature. Then, it was dripped at 600 parts of hexane, and refinement | purification by reprecipitation and filtration was performed. Further, it was filtered and washed twice with 200 parts of hexane, and dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a toner resin h. From the result of ¹ H-NMR, the obtained resin h was confirmed to contain 0.68 mmol / g of the unit from the peak derived from methyl sulfonate.

<Synthesis Example 9 of Toner Resin>
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube was charged with 67 parts of methanol, 50 parts of toluene, and 83 parts of methyl ethyl ketone, and refluxed under a nitrogen stream.
next,
2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid 6.0 parts styrene 81.0 parts 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 13.0 parts dimethyl-2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionate) 5.0 The parts were mixed and added dropwise to the reaction vessel with stirring for 10 hours. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off by distillation, followed by drying at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a toner resin i. ^From the results of ¹ H-NMR, it was confirmed that the obtained polymer i contained 0.47 mmol / g of sulfonic acid units.

<Toner Resin Synthesis Example 10>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling tube, a stirrer, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 100 parts of methyl ethyl ketone and 70 parts of the polyester resin 1 prepared in Synthesis Example 1 were charged and stirred at 50 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. next,
-7.5 parts of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-20.0 parts of styrene-2.5 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate-dimethyl-2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionate) 5.0 The parts were mixed, dropped into the reaction vessel and heated to 78-80 ° C. The mixture was further stirred for 4 hours under reflux conditions and cooled to room temperature. Then, it was dripped at 600 parts of hexane, and refinement | purification by reprecipitation and filtration was performed. Further, it was filtered and washed twice with 200 parts of hexane, and dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a toner resin j. From the result of ¹ H-NMR, the obtained resin j was confirmed to contain 0.51 mmol / g of the unit from the peak derived from sulfonic acid.

Regarding the toner resins a to j thus prepared, the structure and content of the sulfonate unit calculated from the structural components and content of the polyester structure and the results of ¹ H-NMR, ¹³ C-NMR and elemental analysis (mmol) / G), acid value, molecular weight, and measurement results of Tg are shown in Table 1.

  Toners A to M of the present invention were produced by the following method.

<Example of binder resin production>
(Example of polyester resin production)
Bisphenol A / propylene oxide 2.2 mol adduct 1206 parts Bisphenol A / ethylene oxide 2.2 mol adduct 475 parts terephthalic acid 249 parts trimellitic anhydride 192 parts fumaric acid 290 parts dibutyltin oxide 0.1 parts made of glass The flask was placed in a 4-liter four-necked flask, and a thermometer, a stir bar, a condenser, and a nitrogen inlet tube were attached and placed in a mantle heater. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, reaction was carried out at 220 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a polyester resin P.

(Example of hybrid resin production)
As a vinyl monomer composition,
Styrene 208 parts 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate 39 parts Fumaric acid 19 parts Dimer of α-methylstyrene 7 parts Dicumyl peroxide 14 parts are placed in a dropping funnel. Also,
Bisphenol A / propylene oxide 2.2 mol adduct 2412 parts Bisphenol A / ethylene oxide 2.2 mol adduct 949 parts Terephthalic acid 498 parts Trimellitic anhydride 384 parts Fumaric acid 580 parts Dibutyltin oxide 0.2 parts made of glass The flask was placed in a 4-liter four-necked flask, and a thermometer, a stir bar, a condenser, and a nitrogen inlet tube were attached and placed in a mantle heater. Next, after the inside of the flask was replaced with nitrogen gas, the temperature was gradually raised while stirring, and the vinyl monomer composition was dropped from the previous dropping funnel over 4 hours while stirring at a temperature of 140 ° C. Subsequently, the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. and reacted for 4 hours to obtain a hybrid resin PH.

<Toner Preparation Examples 1 to 13>
The toner materials shown in Table 2 were sufficiently premixed with a Henschel mixer (Mitsui Miike Chemical Co., Ltd.), melt-kneaded with a twin-screw extruder, cooled, and then cooled to a particle size of about 1 to 2 mm using a hammer mill. The resulting finely pulverized product was classified using a multi-division classifier to obtain toner particles.

To 100 parts of the toner resin particles, 1.0 part of hydrophobic silica fine powder having a BET of 200 m ² / g was externally added by a Henschel mixer to obtain toners A to M.

  Further, the toner and a magnetic fine particle dispersed resin carrier (average particle size 35 μm) surface-coated with a silicone resin were mixed so that the toner concentration became 7.0% by mass to obtain a two-component developer.

<Toner Preparation Example 14>
Production of resin dispersion:
Styrene 370 parts n-butyl acrylate 30 parts acrylic acid 6 parts dodecanethiol 24 parts 4 carbon bromide 4 parts or more mixed and dissolved nonionic surfactant Nonipol 400 6 parts, anionic surfactant Neogen SC 10 parts Dispersed and emulsified in a flask dissolved in 550 parts of ion-exchanged water, slowly mixed for 10 minutes, and then charged with 50 parts of ion-exchanged water in which 4 parts of ammonium persulfate had been dissolved, was purged with nitrogen. After that, the flask was heated with an oil bath while stirring until the content reached 70 ° C., and emulsion polymerization was continued for 5 hours. As a result, a resin dispersion having a center diameter of 150 nm, a glass transition point of 58 ° C., and Mw 11900 was obtained.

Production of resin h dispersion for toner:
40 parts of toner resin h is added to 360 parts of ion-exchanged water, heated to 90 ° C., adjusted to pH = 7 with 5% ammonia water, and added with 0.8 part of 10% aqueous dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid solution. Using Turrax T-50 (manufactured by IKA), the mixture was stirred at 8000 rpm to prepare a dispersion liquid of toner resin h having a center diameter of 200 nm.

Preparation of blue pigment dispersion:
The following compositions were mixed and dissolved, and dispersed by homogenizer (IKA Ultra Tarrax) and ultrasonic irradiation to obtain a blue pigment dispersion having a central particle size of 150 nm.
Cyan pigment C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3 50 parts (copper phthalocyanine made by Dainippon Ink)
-Anionic surfactant Neogen SC 5 parts-Ion exchange water 200 parts Preparation of release agent dispersion:
The following composition was mixed, heated to 97 ° C., and then dispersed with IKA Ultra Turrax T50. Thereafter, the dispersion was dispersed with a gorin homogenizer (manufactured by Kyowa Shoji Co., Ltd.) and treated 20 times under the conditions of 105 ° C. and 550 kg / cm ² to obtain a release agent dispersion having a center diameter of 190 nm.
Aliphatic wax 100 parts (Mw 1790, Mw / Mn 1.23, melting point 75.1 ° C.)
-Anionic surfactant Neogen SC 5 parts-Ion exchange water 300 parts Manufacture of toner particles:
Resin dispersion 200 parts Colorant dispersion 30 parts Release agent dispersion 30 parts Sanizol B50 1.5 parts The above mixture was mixed and dispersed in a round stainless steel flask with Ultra Turrax T50, and the flask was then heated with an oil bath for heating. Heat to 48 ° C. with stirring. After maintaining at 48 ° C. for 30 minutes, observation with an optical microscope confirmed that aggregated particles of about 5 μm were formed. To this, 60 parts of the toner resin h dispersion was slowly added, and the temperature of the heating oil bath was further raised and maintained at 50 ° C. for 1 hour. When observed with an optical microscope, it was confirmed that aggregated particles of about 5.8 μm were formed. Then, after adding 3 parts of neogen SC here, the stainless steel flask was sealed, and it heated to 105 degreeC, continuing stirring using a magnetic seal, and hold | maintained for 3 hours. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, thoroughly washed with ion exchange water, dried and classified to obtain toner particles. Further, in the same manner as in toner production example 1, hydrophobic silica fine powder was externally added to the toner particles to obtain toner N having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 6.0 μm.

  The above toners A to N were evaluated as follows. The results are shown in Table 4.

<Environmental evaluation of toner charge amount>
For the measurement of the charge amount, 50 g of each developer is collected, and the room temperature and humidity environment (23 ° C./60%), the low temperature and low humidity environment (15 ° C./15%), and the high temperature and high humidity environment (30 ° C./80%). The sample was left for 3 days and nights in each environment, and then placed in a 50 cc plastic container, shaken 200 times for 1 minute, and measured using the apparatus shown in FIG. Evaluation was made by measuring the absolute value of the difference in charge amount between low temperature and low humidity and high temperature and high humidity, and judging according to the following criteria.
Rank A: Charge amount difference is 0 or more and less than 20 μC / g Rank B: 20 or more and less than 30 μC / g Rank C: 30 μC / g or more

(Measurement method of charge amount)
About 0.5 g of a developer for measuring the triboelectric charge amount is placed in a metal measuring container 2 having a 500 mesh screen 3 at the bottom, and a metal lid 4 is formed. The total mass of the measurement container 2 at this time is weighed and is defined as Wl (g). Next, in the suction device 1 (at least the portion in contact with the measurement container 2) is suctioned from the suction port 7 and the air volume control valve 6 is adjusted to set the pressure of the vacuum gauge 5 to 250 mmAq. In this state, the toner is removed by suction for 2 minutes.

The potential of the electrometer 9 at this time is set to V (volt). Here, 8 is a capacitor, and the capacity is C (μF). The mass of the entire measurement container after the suction is weighed and is defined as W2 (g). The triboelectric charge amount (mC / kg) of the toner is calculated as follows.
Frictional charge (mC / kg) = (C × V) / (W1-W2)

<Evaluation of toner chargeability under normal temperature and normal humidity (23 ° C./60%)>
450 g of each of the two-component developers was allowed to stand for 7 days at high temperature and high humidity (30 ° C./80%), and then further left for 3 days at room temperature and humidity to reset the charge due to initial mixing. They are loaded into a developing unit of a color copying machine CLC-5100 (manufactured by Canon), and an A4 image is output with an image area ratio of 25% without preliminary rotation. Next, 50 solid A4 images were output from the developing unit without preliminary rotation, and the fogging evaluation of the white background portion was performed according to the following procedure. Subsequently, when the 51st sheet was output, the scattering state of the line image was observed according to the following procedure, and the toner chargeability was evaluated. The evaluation criteria at that time are shown below.

[White background fogging evaluation]
The reflectance of the solid white portion of the image was measured. Further, the reflectance of unused paper was measured and subtracted from the paper value to obtain the fog density. The reflectance was measured with TC-6DS (manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku).
Rank A: The fog density is less than 1.0% within 10 sheets. Rank B: 11-20 sheets, the fog density is less than 1.0% C Rank: 21-30 sheets, the fog density is less than 1.0% D rank: Cover density of 31 sheets is 1.0% or more

[Line image splatter]
Charts with line widths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1.0 mm were output, and the degree of toner scattering was visually determined as follows: A: Excellent B: Good C: Slightly bad D: Bad

<Evaluation of toner chargeability under high temperature and high humidity (30 ° C./80%)>
Subsequently, after the developing unit used for the evaluation is left again under high temperature and high humidity for 7 days, image output is performed without preliminary rotation. In the same manner as described above, the fogging and scattering were evaluated.

<Toner charge-up evaluation>
Further, a large number of 7% image area ratio images were output, the image density at the time of total 10,000 sheets was compared with the level at the initial 50 sheets, and the density reduction rate was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: The solid density ratio relative to the initial stage when 10,000 sheets is 95% or more B: ↑ 85% or more and less than 95% C: ↑ 80% or more and less than 85% D: ↑ Less than 80%

  The results of the above evaluation are shown in Table 4.

  As a result, in Examples 1 to 11 according to the present invention, the change in the amount of charge due to the environment is less than in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and under normal temperature and normal humidity (N / N) and under high temperature and high humidity (H / H). It was found that the toner charge amount in the toner was excellent, and it was superior to the fogging of the solid white portion and the scattering in the fine lines due to the uniform charging. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the difference in charge amount between H / H and low temperature and low humidity (L / L) is large, the rise of the toner charge amount in the developing unit is slow for both N / N and H / H, and the fog on the fixing paper is A large number of image output operations were necessary before the toner scattering in the line image was reduced. Further, the density reduction rate at 10,000 sheets was D and C ranks, and the toner charge amount actually increased. Therefore, it was found that the toner of this comparative example is inferior in charge control property.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the apparatus used for the measurement of the triboelectric charge amount of the developing agent using the toner of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Suction machine 2 Measuring container 3 Screen 4 Lid 5 Vacuum gauge 6 Air flow control valve 7 Suction port 8 Condenser 9 Electrometer

Claims (10)

A resin for toner containing at least a polyester structure produced by polycondensation of at least a polyhydric alcohol component and a polycarboxylic acid component, wherein the resin contains at least a sulfonic acid ester unit represented by Formula 1.

(Wherein Y ₁ and Y ₂ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or an aromatic group, and X ₁ represents a functional group selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group and an isopropyl group.) Toner resin of claim 1 where the content of the sulfonic acid ester unit in said resin is characterized by a 0.1~0.9mmol / g.   The toner resin according to claim 1, wherein the resin contains a vinyl-modified resin unit modified with at least a vinyl monomer. The resin for toner according to claim 3, wherein the vinyl-modified ratio of the resin is 10.0 to 90.0%. 5. The resin for toner according to claim 3, wherein the vinyl-modified resin unit contains at least a sulfonic acid ester unit represented by Formula 1. 6. The resin for toner according to claim 1, wherein the sulfonic acid ester unit contained in the resin is represented by Formula 2.

(In the formula, A represents an aliphatic group which may have a substituent, and X ₁ represents a functional group selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group and an isopropyl group.) The toner resin according to claim 1, wherein the resin has a weight average molecular weight ( Mw ) of 2000 to 200,000. The resin for toner according to claim 1, wherein the acid value of the resin is 0.1 to 5 0.0 mg KOH / g. A toner having toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control resin, wherein the charge control resin is the toner resin according to any one of claims 1 to 8. . A two-component developer comprising at least a toner and a carrier, wherein the toner is the toner according to claim 9 .

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