JP4532493B2 - 細胞培養培地 - Google Patents
細胞培養培地 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4532493B2 JP4532493B2 JP2006527033A JP2006527033A JP4532493B2 JP 4532493 B2 JP4532493 B2 JP 4532493B2 JP 2006527033 A JP2006527033 A JP 2006527033A JP 2006527033 A JP2006527033 A JP 2006527033A JP 4532493 B2 JP4532493 B2 JP 4532493B2
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- cells
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- cell culture
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- cell
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Description
本出願は、2003年9月18日出願の米国仮出願第60/504,674号の優先権を主張する。米国仮出願第60/504,674号は、その全体が本明細書中に参考として援用される。
発明の分野は、細胞生物学の分野にある。より詳細には、発明の分野は、ヒト組織から単離された細胞を増殖させるための細胞培養培地に関する。特に、発明の分野は、好ましくはフルクトースを主要エネルギー源として含む無血清培養培地に関する。この培地は、初代ヒト細胞培養物の確立および増殖を支持し、そして長期細胞培養に用いられ得る。
インビトロ細胞培養系の使用は、細胞生物学の分野で、そしてヒト疾患の根底にある作用機構の理解に重要である。広範な種々の哺乳動物細胞型は、正常組織または疾患状態の組織(例えば、腫瘍および転移物)のいずれかから、哺乳動物の器官および組織から単離されている。種々の細胞型はしばしば、個々の栄養必要要件を有し、それゆえ、異なる細胞型の栄養必要要件を満たす多くの異なる培地が特異的に開発されている。これらの培地の多くは、血清(例えば、FBS(ウシ胎仔血清)、HS(ウマ血清)およびCS(仔ウシ血清))を添加物として含む。血清の使用は、細胞を大規模に培養する場合、コストを非常に高くし得る。さらに、血清の使用は、小規模でさえも、問題であり得る。なぜなら、血清は、ロットによって変動し得る、特性がわからない多数の成分を含むからである。さらに、血清は、増殖阻害因子および分化因子を含み、そして遺伝物質を不安定にして、細胞の遺伝的変化、そして最終的には細胞の老化をもたらす(Looら,Science 236(4798):200−2(1987年4月10日)(非特許文献1))。
本発明は、好ましくはフルクトースを主要なエネルギー源として含む無血清培養培地を提供する。これらの培養培地は、組織から単離された初代哺乳動物細胞を確立および増殖させるために、そして培養中の確立された細胞株の増殖のために有用である。この培地は、ヒト胎児細胞の初代培養および長期培養に特に適切である。特定の実施形態では、本発明の培地において本発明の方法に従って培養された細胞は、好ましくは、ヒト胎児の膵臓管上皮細胞、腎臓細管上皮細胞、または前立腺上皮細胞である。
(定義)
用語「細胞培養培地」および「培養培地」とは、脊椎動物細胞が培養において増殖する水性環境をいう。この培地は、生理化学的環境、栄養環境およびホルモン環境を包含する。伝統的に、この培地は、細胞の増殖または生存に必要な栄養因子および増殖因子の添加によって処方されている。
本発明者らは、フルクトースを主な炭素エネルギー源として含む無血清細胞培養培地を記載する。本発明の開発は、この細胞培養培地が、種々のヒト組織由来の初代培養物の確立および増殖を支持し得るという知見に一部基づく。この最も広い形態では、本発明は、主な炭素源としてのフルクトースならびに特定のレベルのカルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩およびカリウム塩を含む哺乳動物細胞培養培地を包含する。これらの無機塩およびフルクトース、適切な濃度範囲、ならびに好ましい濃度範囲(1リットルあたりのミリグラム(mg/L)による)を以下の表1に列挙する。
本発明のこの細胞培養培地の調製は、当該分野で周知の従来方法を用いる。好ましい方法に従って、培地の調製に使用すべき容器を純水で2回リンスし、そして容器にアルミニウム箔をかぶせて遮光する。この容器に、固体および他の成分の充分な取り込みを許容する、所望の最終体積よりも少ない体積まで純水を入れる。便利でかつ満足のいく体積は、最終的な所望の体積より10〜25パーセント(10〜25%)少ない。各成分の所望のg/Lに、必要とされるリットル数を掛けて、添加されるその成分のグラム量を得る。必要な量の各固体成分を量る。ここで含まれる固体成分は、アミノ酸、ビタミン、フルクトースおよび無機塩(例えば、カルシウム塩、カリウム塩、マグネシウム塩、ナトリウム塩、アンモニウム塩、銅塩、鉄塩、マンガン塩および亜鉛塩)であると考えられる。便宜のために、これらの固体は、一緒に混合されて1工程で純水に添加され得る。
・3つの読み取り値の平均を所望の重量オスモル濃度から差し引く。
・この結果に固定乗数(この例では0.031)を掛ける。
・この結果に所望の最終体積を掛ける。
・この結果が、所望の重量オスモル濃度を達成するために必要とされる塩(NaCl)のグラム量である。
290−82.33=207.67×0.031=6.437g/L×40リットル=257.51グラムのNaCl。
本発明の培地は、種々の組織由来のヒト細胞の初代培養に特に有用である。これらの培地で組織調製物を培養することは、長期培養物を確立するために用いられ得る主に上皮細胞である初代培養物の確立に適切であり、頻繁に、この初代培養物の確立をもたらし得る。これらの細胞は、迅速に確立される傾向があり、さらに何代か継代培養され得、そして現在公に利用可能な培地において確立された細胞と比較した場合、より早い集団倍化時間を有し得る。
ある好ましい実施形態では、本発明は、3000mg/L〜1000mg/Lの濃度で存在するフルクトースから本質的になる一次エネルギー源を有する無血清細胞培養培地の組成物を包含する。
270mg/L〜0mg/Lの濃度の塩化カルシウム、500mg/L〜150mg/Lの濃度の塩化カリウム、0.02mg/L〜0.006mg/Lの濃度の硝酸カリウム、110mg/L〜30mg/Lの濃度の硫酸マグネシウム(無水物)、および60mg/L〜15mg/Lの濃度の塩化マグネシウム。
初代ヒト腎臓細胞を腎臓組織から得るために、そしてこれらを持続可能な細胞培養において増殖させるために、以下の例示的な方法を記載する。ゲンタマイシンおよび/またはペニシリン−ストレプトマイシンを所望の濃度で含むかまたは含まない本発明の培地を調製する。ヒトまたは動物被験体由来の腎臓または腎臓組織をこの洗浄培地に移す。腎臓外膜を鉗子で除去する。腎臓を70%エタノールに短時間漬け、そして新たな洗浄培地に移す。腎臓を新たな無菌のペトリ皿に移し、そして弯剪刀で切り刻む。組織を10mlの洗浄培地に再懸濁し、そして1200rpmで4分間、遠心分離機においてペレットにする。この組織片を望ましくは、コラゲナーゼ/ジスパーゼ(dispase)(0.01%〜0.2%)を含む本発明の培地に一晩または約24時間にわたって再懸濁する。洗浄培地を除去し、そして別の10mlの新たな洗浄培地を用いてこの洗浄工程を繰り返す。この洗浄培地を除去し、そしてインスリン、トランスフェリン、表皮増殖因子、ソマトトロピン、ブタ下垂体抽出物、アプロチニン、およびゲンタマイシンを補充した本発明の培地(この特定の実施形態を本明細書中で「増殖培地」という)7ミリリットル(7ml)に細胞ペレットを再懸濁する。これらの細胞の最初のプレーティングにおいて、この増殖培地に5μg/mlの濃度のフィブロネクチンをさらに補充する。
在胎齢10週〜18週の間のヒト胎児腎臓を、Advanced Biosciences Research(Alameda County,California)から得た。腎臓を調達し、湿った氷上の組織培養培地に入れて研究室に輸送した。到着したらすぐに、この腎臓を洗浄培地(ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンおよびゲンタマイシンを含む冷PBS)に移した。外膜を鉗子で除去し、そして腎臓を70%エタノール中で短時間洗浄し、次いで洗浄培地で2回リンスした。この腎臓を、乾燥した100mm培養皿中で手術用鋏により1mm角に切り刻んだ。組織片を、本明細書中で「I/3F」または「I3F」という規定無血清培地10mlにプレーティングした。
島細胞移植の進展の制限要因の1つは、インスリン産生細胞の充分な供給のままである。本発明者らは、ヒト先祖膵臓細胞から出発して、インビトロでのβ細胞分化を改善するための細胞培養モデルを調査した。以下により充分に記載されるように、ヒト膵臓上皮管細胞(hPED)を単離し、次いで規定された無血清「管培地」(DM)において維持した。この特定の培地は、これらの細胞が迅速に分裂して均質な上皮単層を形成することを可能にする。しかし、これらの規定された条件は、インスリン分泌β細胞の増殖を支持しない。β細胞へのそれらの分化を促進するために、本発明者らは、第2の無血清規定「島培地」(IM)を開発した。hPED細胞に対するDMからIMへの移植の効果を最初に、比較Ct法を用いてインスリンmRNAレベルを調べるリアルタイムRT−PCRにより追跡した。興味深いことに、IM培地中での7日間のインキュベーション後、インスリン転写産物レベルの変化が観察された。DM中のものと比較して、IM中で維持したhPED細胞におけるインスリン転写産物レベルの顕著な増加が存在した(約15〜20倍)。さらに、この最初の観察を広げるために、本発明者らは、ヒト特異的CペプチドElisaを用いて培養中のCペプチド分泌を測定した。細胞あたりのCペプチドタンパク質レベルは、細胞がIM培地中で培養される条件において顕著に高く、凝集物を形成した(約10倍)。
Claims (23)
- 3000mg/L〜1000mg/Lの濃度で存在するフルクトースから本質的になる一次エネルギー源を有する、無血清細胞培養培地の組成物であって、該培養培地は、10〜40時間の集団倍加時間で少なくとも20日間にわたって細胞の確立および増殖を支持することができ、該無血清細胞培養培地は、示した最終濃度で存在する以下の成分:
塩化カルシウム(CaCl 2 )、0〜270(mg/L);塩化カリウム(KCl)、150〜500(mg/L);硝酸カリウム(KNO 3 )、0.006〜0.02(mg/L);硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO 4 )(無水物)、30〜110(mg/L);塩化マグネシウム−6H 2 O、15〜60(mg/L);およびフルクトース、1000〜3000(mg/L);亜セレン酸ナトリウム(NaSeO 3 −5H 2 O)、0.006〜0.02(mg/L);メタバナジン酸アンモニウム、1.5×10 −4 〜5.3×10 −4 (mg/L);モリブデン酸−4H 2 O(アンモニウム)、1.5×10 −3 〜5.6×10 −3 (mg/L);硫酸銅II−5H 2 O、3.75×10 −4 〜1.2×10 −3 (mg/L);硫酸鉄II−7H 2 O、0.1〜0.4(mg/L);硫酸マンガン、2×10 −5 〜7×10 −5 (mg/L);および硫酸亜鉛−7H 2 O、0.1〜0.4(mg/L);5〜50mMの濃度のHEPES(4−[2−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−ピペラジン−エタンスルホン酸)緩衝液;プトレシン−2HCl、0.02〜0.08(mg/L);チオクト酸、0.03〜0.10(mg/L);ピルビン酸ナトリウム、55〜165(mg/L);およびリノール酸、0.01〜0.04(mg/L)
を含む、組成物。 - pH7.2および重量オスモル濃度290mOsmを有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- さらなる成分として、少なくとも1つの細胞外マトリクス因子を有する、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。
- ヒト膵臓上皮管細胞の培養に最適化された、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。
- ヒト腎臓細胞の培養に最適化された、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。
- ヒト胎児細胞の初代培養物を確立するために最適化された、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。
- 以下のおよそのレベルで以下の成分:
L−アラニン、10〜40(mg/L);L−アスパラギン(遊離塩基)、8〜35(mg/L);L−アスパラギン−H2O、2〜10(mg/L);L−アルギニン−HCl、60〜250(mg/L);L−アスパラギン酸、10〜50(mg/L);L−シスチン−2HCl、30〜130(mg/L);L−システイン−HCl−H2O、2〜15(mg/L);L−グルタミン酸、20〜120(mg/L);L−グルタミン、300〜1200(mg/L);グリシン、10〜50(mg/L);L−ヒスチジンHCl−H2O、15〜75(mg/L);L−イソロイシン、35〜150(mg/L);L−ロイシン、35〜155(mg/L);L−リジン−HCl、50〜230(mg/L);L−メチオニン、10〜45(mg/L);L−フェニルアラニン、20〜100(mg/L);L−プロリン、15〜80(mg/L);L−セリン、15〜70(mg/L);L−トレオニン、35〜145(mg/L);L−トリプトファン、5〜25(mg/L);L−チロシン(二ナトリウム塩)、35〜155(mg/L);およびL−バリン、30〜140(mg/L)
を含む、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。 - 以下のおよそのレベルで以下の成分:
ビオチン、5.6×10−3〜1.7×10−2(mg/L);D−Ca−パントテネート、1.4〜4.3(mg/L);塩化コリン、3.4〜10.5(mg/L);葉酸、1.5〜4.8(mg/L);I−イノシトール、5〜16(mg/L);ナイアシンアミド、1.0〜4.5(mg/L);ピリドキサールHCl、1.0〜4.5(mg/L);ピリドキシン−HCl、9.2×10−3〜2.8×10−2(mg/L);リボフラビン、0.1〜0.5(mg/L);チアミン−HCl、1.4〜4.5(mg/L);およびビタミンB−12、0.020〜0.075(mg/L)
を含む、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。 - 以下のおよそのレベルで以下の成分:
0.1〜100μg/mlの最終濃度の成長ホルモン;0.1〜100μg/mlの最終濃度のトランスフェリン;0.0005〜0.05IU/mlの最終濃度のソマトトロピン;0.1〜10μg/mlの最終濃度の下垂体抽出物;0.5〜100μg/mlの最終濃度のアプロチニン;0.1〜100ng/mlの最終濃度の表皮増殖因子;および0.1〜50μg/mlの最終濃度のフィブロネクチン
のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。 - 前記表皮増殖因子の最終濃度は10ng/mlである、請求項9に記載の細胞培養培地。
- 以下のおよそのレベルで以下の成分:
0.1〜10μMの最終濃度のエタノールアミン;0.1〜10μMの最終濃度のホスホエタノールアミン;1〜25pMの最終濃度のトリヨードサイロニン;1〜100nMの最終濃度のセレン;0.1〜50nMの最終濃度のヒドロコルチゾン;および0.1〜50μMの最終濃度のフォルスコリン
のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の細胞培養培地。 - 前記培地が0.1〜50μMの最終濃度のヒレグリンをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の細胞培養培地。
- 前記培地が10nMの最終濃度のヒレグリンをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の細胞培養培地。
- 無血清細胞培養培地の組成物であって、該培養培地は、10〜40時間の集団倍加時間で少なくとも20日間にわたって細胞の確立および増殖を支持することができ、該無血清細胞培養培地は、示した最終濃度で存在する以下の成分:
180mg/Lの塩化カルシウム、298mg/Lの塩化カリウム、0.0126mg/Lの硝酸カリウム、68mg/Lの硫酸マグネシウム、37mg/Lの塩化マグネシウム、6200mg/Lの塩化ナトリウム、1200mg/Lの重炭酸ナトリウム、43mg/Lのリン酸ナトリウム、88mg/Lのリン酸ナトリウム(二塩基性)、0.0126mg/Lの亜セレン酸ナトリウム、3.51×10−4mg/Lのメタバナジン酸アンモニウム、3.72×10−3mg/Lのモリブデン酸、7.5×10−4mg/Lの硫酸銅II、0.25mg/Lの硫酸鉄II、4.53×10−5mg/Lの硫酸マンガン、0.259mg/Lの硫酸亜鉛、2000mg/Lのフルクトース、15mMのHEPES、0.048mg/Lのプトレシン、0.0618mg/Lのチオクト酸、110.03mg/Lのピルビン酸ナトリウム、0.025mg/Lのリノール酸、20.173mg/LのL−アラニン、17.5mg/LのL−アスパラギン(遊離塩基)、122.01mg/LのL−アスパラギン、24.99mg/LのL−アスパラギン酸、63.98mg/LのL−シスチン、5.268mg/LのL−システイン、56.9mg/Lのグルタミン酸、600mg/LのL−グルタミン、23.25mg/Lのグリシン、35.69mg/LのL−ヒスチジン、74.68mg/LのL−イソロイシン、77.43mg/Lのロイシン、113.16mg/LのL−リジン、22.34mg/LのL−メチオニン、47.69mg/LのL−フェニルアラニン、38.36mg/LのL−プロリン、32.55mg/LのL−セリン、70.07mg/LのL−トレオニン、11.81mg/LのL−トリプトファン、75.17mg/LのL−チロシン、69.31mg/LのL−バリン、1.13×10−2mg/Lのビオチン、2.87mg/LのD−Ca−パントテネート、6.99mg/Lの塩化コリン、3.2mg/Lの葉酸、10.45mg/LのI−イノシトール、2.81mg/Lのナイアシンアミド、2.8mg/Lのピリドキサール、1.85×10−2mg/Lのピリドキシン、0.291mg/Lのリボフラビン、2.9mg/Lのチアミン、4.99×10−2mg/LのビタミンB1 2
を含む、組成物。 - 細胞の培養のための方法であって、請求項1、7、8または14に記載の無血清細胞培養培地に、細胞を接種する工程を包含し、該培養培地は、10〜40時間の集団倍加時間で少なくとも20日間にわたって細胞の確立および増殖を支持することができる、方法。
- 前記細胞が、以下の生物学的系:
中枢神経系;内分泌系;胸部系;造血系;呼吸器系;心血管系;胃腸系;尿生殖器系;筋骨格系;皮膚系;末梢神経系;および中皮細胞からなる群より選択される組織から単離される、請求項15に記載の方法。 - 中枢神経系から単離される前記細胞が、脳−大脳細胞、脳−小脳細胞、眼細胞、脳幹細胞または脊髄細胞である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 内分泌系から単離される前記細胞が、副腎細胞、卵巣細胞、膵臓細胞、副甲状腺細胞、下垂体細胞、精巣細胞または甲状腺細胞である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 造血系から単離される前記細胞が、脾臓細胞、扁桃細胞、胸腺細胞、骨髄細胞または末梢血細胞である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 胃腸系から単離される前記細胞が、食道細胞、胃細胞、小腸細胞、結腸細胞、肝臓細胞または唾液腺細胞である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 尿生殖器系から単離される前記細胞が、腎臓細胞、尿路細胞、膀胱細胞、尿管細胞、尿道細胞、ファローピウス管細胞、膣細胞、胎盤細胞、前立腺細胞、子宮細胞または頸部細胞である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 中皮細胞が、胸壁由来の内層細胞、腹壁細胞、心膜、または胃腸系、心臓もしくは肺の表面由来の細胞である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、哺乳動物胎児組織由来のものである、請求項15に記載の方法。
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CN101855339A (zh) | 2007-01-22 | 2010-10-06 | 雷文生物技术公司 | 人类癌症干细胞 |
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